Ellen Dunham-Jones: Retrofitting suburbia

Prevodilac: Ivana Korom Lektor: Sandra Gojic

In the last 50 years,

Poslednjih 50 godina

we've been building the suburbs

gradimo predgrađa

with a lot of unintended consequences.

sa mnogo neželjenih posledica.

And I'm going to talk about some of those consequences

Predstaviću vam neke od tih posledica

and just present a whole bunch of really interesting projects

kao i gomilu interesantnih projekata

that I think give us tremendous reasons

koji nam, po mom mišljenju, daju ogromne razloge

to be really optimistic

da budemo stvarno optimistični

that the big design and development project of the next 50 years

da će veliki projekat razvoja u narednih 50 godina

is going to be retrofitting suburbia.

biti rekonstrukcija predgrađa.

So whether it's redeveloping dying malls

Dakle bilo da je to ponovo razvijanje mrtvih tržnih centara,

or re-inhabiting dead big-box stores

ili ponovno naseljavanje ogromnih kutijastih prodavnica,

or reconstructing wetlands

ili rekonstrukcija parkinga

out of parking lots,

u močvare,

I think the fact is

činjenica je

the growing number

da nam rastući broj

of empty and under-performing,

praznih i mesta koja ničemu ne služe,

especially retail, sites

posebno prodajnih objekata

throughout suburbia

širom predgrađa,

gives us actually a tremendous opportunity

daje stvarno izvrsnu priliku

to take our least-sustainable

da svoje trenutno najmanje

landscapes right now

održive predele

and convert them into

preoblikujemo

more sustainable places.

u mesta koja su održivija.

And in the process, what that allows us to do

I u tom procesu, to nam dozvoljava

is to redirect a lot more of our growth

da peusmerimo veliki deo svog rasta

back into existing communities

nazad ka postojećim zajednicama

that could use a boost,

kojima bi godio podstrek,

and have the infrastructure in place,

koje imaju infrastrukturu,

instead of continuing

umesto da nastavljamo

to tear down trees

da sečemo drveće

and to tear up the green space out at the edges.

i uništavamo zelene površine na periferijama.

So why is this important?

Dakle zašto je ovo važno?

I think there are any number of reasons,

Mislim da postoji veliki broj razloga.

and I'm just going to not get into detail but mention a few.

Neću ulaziti u detalje, ali pomenuću ih nekoliko.

Just from the perspective of climate change,

Samo iz perspektive klimatskih promena,

the average urban dweller in the U.S.

karbonski otisak prosečnog gradskog stanovnika

has about one-third the carbon footprint

u SAD je za trećinu manji

of the average suburban dweller,

od otiska prosečnog stanovnika predgrađa,

mostly because suburbanites drive a lot more,

najviše zato što ljudi iz predgrađa mnogo više voze,

and living in detached buildings,

i pošto žive u odvojenim kućama

you have that much more exterior surface

postoji mnogo veća površina

to leak energy out of.

iz koje se rasipa energija.

So strictly from

Znači strogo

a climate change perspective,

iz prespektive klimatskih promena,

the cities are already

gradovi su već

relatively green.

relativno ekološki.

The big opportunity

Velika prilika

to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

da se smanje efekti staklene bašte

is actually in urbanizing

je u stvari u urbanizovanju

the suburbs.

predgrađa.

All that driving that we've been doing out in the suburbs,

Svom tom silnom vožnjom u predgrađima

we have doubled the amount of miles we drive.

udvostručili smo broj kilometara koje prelazimo.

It's increased our dependence

To je povećalo našu zavisnost

on foreign oil

od strane nafte

despite the gains in fuel efficiency.

uprkos dobicima u efikasnosti goriva.

We're just driving so much more;

Mnogo više vozimo

we haven't been able to keep up technologically.

da nismo uspeli tehnološki da to ispratimo.

Public health is another reason

Javno zdravlje je još jedan razlog

to consider retrofitting.

za rekonstrukciju.

Researchers at the CDC and other places

Istraživači u Centru za kontrolu bolesti i drugde

have increasingly been linking

sve više povezuju

suburban development patterns

razvoj predgrađa

with sedentary lifestyles.

sa pasivnim načinima života.

And those have been linked then

A oni se potom povezuju

with the rather alarming,

sa prilično alarmantnim

growing rates of obesity,

porastom gojaznosti,

shown in these maps here,

što je pokazano na ovim mapama

and that obesity has also been triggering

i ta gojaznost je uzrok

great increases in heart disease

porasta srčanih oboljenja

and diabetes

i dijabetesa,

to the point where a child born today

do tačke gde, dete rođeno danas

has a one-in-three chance

ima šansu 1 u 3

of developing diabetes.

da razvije dijabetes.

And that rate has been escalating at the same rate

Ta verovatnoća raste istom brzinom

as children not walking

kao i činjenica da deca

to school anymore,

više ne idu peške u školu,

again, because of our development patterns.

opet, zbog naših razvojnih šema.

And then there's finally -- there's the affordability question.

I na kraju tu je pitanje isplativosti.

I mean, how affordable is it

Mislim, koliko je isplativo

to continue to live in suburbia

da nastavimo da živimo u predgrađu

with rising gas prices?

kad cene goriva rastu?

Suburban expansion to cheap land,

Širenje predgrađa na jeftinu zemlju,

for the last 50 years --

poslednjih 50 godina -

you know the cheap land out on the edge --

znate tu jeftinu zemlju na ivicama -

has helped generations of families

pomoglo je generacijama porodica

enjoy the American dream.

da uživaju u američkom snu.

But increasingly,

Ali sve više,

the savings promised

ušteda koja je obećana

by drive-till-you-qualify affordability --

sistemom da svako može da priušti kuću -

which is basically our model --

a to je u osnovi naš model -

those savings are wiped out

ta ušteda nestaje,

when you consider the transportation costs.

kada uzmete u obzir troškove prevoza.

For instance, here in Atlanta,

Na primer, ovde u Atlanti

about half of households

oko polovina domaćinstava

make between $20,000 and $50,000 a year,

zarađuje između 20.000 i 50.000 godišnje.

and they are spending 29 percent of their income

I oni troše 29 procenata svojih primanja

on housing

na stanovanje

and 32 percent

i 32 posto

on transportation.

na prevoz.

I mean, that's 2005 figures.

Mislim, to su podaci iz 2005.

That's before we got up to the four bucks a gallon.

To je pre nego što je gorivo poskupelo.

You know, none of us

Znate, niko od nas

really tend to do the math on our transportation costs,

stvarno ne računa troškove prevoza.

and they're not going down

I oni se neće smanjiti u neko skorije vreme.

any time soon.

Whether you love suburbia's leafy privacy

Bilo da volite zelenu privatnost predgrađa

or you hate its soulless commercial strips,

ili mrzite njegove bezdušne komercijalne bulevare,

there are reasons why it's important to retrofit.

postoje razlozi zašto je bitno rekonstruisati.

But is it practical?

Ali da li je to praktično?

I think it is.

Mislim da jeste.

June Williamson and I have been researching this topic

Džun Vilijamson i ja istražujemo ovu temu

for over a decade,

preko deset godina.

and we've found over 80

I pronašli smo preko 80

varied projects.

različitih projekata.

But that they're really all market driven,

Svi su vođeni tržištem.

and what's driving the market in particular --

Ono što naročito pokreće tržište -

number one -- is major demographic shifts.

na prvom mestu su velike demografske promene.

We all tend to think of suburbia

Svi mislimo da je predgrađe

as this very family-focused place,

mesto koje je usredsređeno na porodicu.

but that's really not the case anymore.

Ali to više nije slučaj.

Since 2000,

Od 2000. godine

already two-thirds of households in suburbia

već dve trećine domaćinstava u predgrađima

did not have kids in them.

nema dece.

We just haven't caught up with the actual realities of this.

Samo nismo u toku sa realnošću ovoga.

The reasons for this have a lot to with

Razlog tome je velikim delom

the dominance of the two big

u trenutnoj dominaciji

demographic groups right now:

dve velike demografske grupe,

the Baby Boomers retiring --

Bejbi bum generacije koja se penzioniše,

and then there's a gap,

potom imamo prazninu,

Generation X, which is a small generation.

generacija X, koja je mala generacija.

They're still having kids --

Oni još uvek imaju decu.

but Generation Y hasn't even started

Ali generacija Y još nije stigla

hitting child-rearing age.

u godine za rađanje dece.

They're the other big generation.

Oni su druga velika generacija.

So as a result of that,

Kao rezultat toga,

demographers predict

demografi predviđaju

that through 2025,

da će do 2025. godine

75 to 85 percent of new households

75 do 85 posto novih domaćinstava

will not have kids in them.

biti bez dece.

And the market research, consumer research,

A marketinška istraživanja, istraživanja potrošača,

asking the Boomers and Gen Y

ispitivanje Bum i generacije Y

what it is they would like,

šta bi želeli,

what they would like to live in,

u čemu bi voleli da žive,

tells us there is going to be a huge demand --

govori nam da će postojati velika potražnja -

and we're already seeing it --

i već se nazire -

for more urban lifestyles

za urbanijim načinima života

within suburbia.

u okviru predgrađa.

That basically, the Boomers want to be able to age in place,

Bum generacija želi da može da stari na jednom mestu,

and Gen Y would like to live

i generacija Y bi volela

an urban lifestyle,

da živi urbanim načinom života,

but most of their jobs will continue to be out in suburbia.

ali većina njihovih poslova će i dalje biti u predgrađu.

The other big dynamic of change

Druga velika dinamika promene

is the sheer performance of

jeste čista izvedba

underperforming asphalt.

nezadovoljavajućeg asfalta.

Now I keep thinking this would be a great name

Stalno mislim kako bi ovo bilo odlično ime

for an indie rock band,

za neki indi rok bend.

but developers generally use it

Ali izvođači ga uglavnom koriste

to refer to underused parking lots --

kada misle na premalo korišćene parkinge.

and suburbia is full of them.

A predgrađe ih je puno.

When the postwar suburbs were first built

Kada su prva posleratna predgrađa izgrađena

out on the cheap land

na jeftinoj zemlji,

away from downtown,

daleko od centra grada,

it made sense to just build

imalo je smisla graditi

surface parking lots.

parkinge u jednom nivou.

But those sites have now been leapfrogged

Ali ta mesta se sada preskaču

and leapfrogged again,

sve više,

as we've just continued to sprawl,

i samo nastavljamo da se širimo.

and they now have

Oni sada imaju

relativno centralnu poziciju.

a relatively central location.

It no longer just makes sense.

To više nema smisla.

That land is more valuable than just surface parking lots.

Zemlja je vrednija od parkinga u jednom nivou.

It now makes sense to go back in,

Sada ima smisla vratiti se

build a deck and build up

i graditi platformu i graditi

on those sites.

u visinu.

So what do you do

Dakle, šta činiti

with a dead mall,

sa mrtvim tržnim centrom,

dead office park?

mrtvim poslovnim zgradama?

It turns out, all sorts of things.

Mnogo stvari, ispostavilo se.

In a slow economy like ours,

U sporoj ekonomiji kakva je naša,

re-inhabitation is

ponovno naseljavanje

one of the more popular strategies.

je jedna od popularnijih strategija.

So this happens to be

Ovo je jedan

a dead mall in St. Louis

mrtav tržni centar u Sent Luisu

that's been re-inhabited as art-space.

koji je preuređen u umetnički prostor.

It's now home to artist studios,

Tu su sada umetnički ateljei,

theater groups, dance troupes.

pozorišne trupe, plesne trupe.

It's not pulling in as much tax revenue

Ne plaća toliko poreza

as it once was,

kao nekada.

but it's serving its community.

Ali koristi svojoj zajednici.

It's keeping the lights on.

Drži upaljena svetla.

It's becoming, I think, a really great institution.

Mislim da postaje stvarno odlična institucija.

Other malls have been re-inhabited

Drugi tržni centri su pretvoreni

as nursing homes,

u staračke domove,

as universities,

univerzitete

and as all variety of office space.

i u svakakve poslovne prostore.

We also found a lot of examples

Takođe smo pronašli puno primera

of dead big-box stores

gde su velike "kutijaste" prodavnice

that have been converted into

pretvorene u svakave

all sorts of community-serving uses as well --

prostore koji koriste društvu -

lots of schools, lots of churches

mnogo škola, crkava

and lots of libraries like this one.

i mnogo biblioteka kao što je ova.

This was a little grocery store, a Food Lion grocery store,

Ovo je bila mala prodavnica, "Food Lion",

that is now a public library.

a sada je javna biblioteka.

In addition to, I think, doing a beautiful adaptive reuse,

Pored toga što, po mom mišljenju, ima lepu novu funkciju,

they tore up some of the parking spaces,

porušili su neka parking mesta

put in bioswales to collect and clean the runoff,

i postavili filtere da sakupljaju i čiste otpadnu vodu,

put in a lot more sidewalks

postavljeno je više trotoara

to connect to the neighborhoods.

da se poveže sa komšilukom.

And they've made this,

Od prodavnice

what was just a store along a commercial strip,

na komercijalnom bulevaru napravili su

into a community gathering space.

prostor u kome se zajednica okuplja.

This one is a little L-shaped strip shopping center

Ovo je mali tržni centar L-oblika na bulevaru

in Phoenix, Arizona.

u Feniksu, Arizona.

Really all they did was they gave it a fresh coat of bright paint,

Sve što su uradili je dodavanje svežeg sloja svetle boje,

a gourmet grocery,

gurmansku prodavnicu,

and they put up a restaurant in the old post office.

i stavili su restoran gde je pre bila pošta.

Never underestimate the power of food

Nikada ne podcenjujte moć koju hrana ima

to turn a place around

da preoblikuje neko mesto

and make it a destination.

i napravi od njega destinaciju.

It's been so successful, they've now taken over the strip across the street.

Postalo je toliko uspešno, da su uzeli i ulicu prekoputa.

The real estate ads in the neighborhood

A oglasi za nekretnine u kraju

all very proudly proclaim,

svi veoma ponosno objavljuju,

"Walking distance to Le Grande Orange,"

"Stiže se peške do Le Grande Orange",

because it provided its neighborhood

jer to obezbeđuje

with what sociologists like to call

ono što sociolozi nazivaju

"a third place."

"trećim mestom".

If home is the first place

Ako je dom prvo mesto,

and work is the second place,

a posao drugo mesto,

the third place is where you go to hang out

treće mesto je ono gde provodite vreme

and build community.

i gradite zajednicu.

And especially as suburbia is becoming

I naročito pošto predgrađe postaje

less centered on the family,

manje usmereno na porodicu

the family households,

i porodična domaćinstva,

there's a real hunger

postoji velika glad

for more third places.

za više trećih mesta.

So the most dramatic retrofits

Najdramatičnije rekonstrukcije

are really those in the next category,

su u stvari one u sledećoj kategoriji,

the next strategy: redevelopment.

sledeća strategija, obnova.

Now, during the boom, there were several

Sad, tokom buma, bilo je nekoliko

really dramatic redevelopment projects

prilično značajnih projekata obnove,

where the original building

gde je prvobitna zgrada

was scraped to the ground and then the whole site was rebuilt

srušena do temelja i celo mesto je ponovo izgrađeno

at significantly greater density,

ali gušće, kao kompaktno

a sort of compact, walkable urban neighborhoods.

urbano naselje u kom se može šetati.

But some of them have been much more incremental.

Ali neke su bile i postepenije.

This is Mashpee Commons,

Ovo je "Mashpee Commons",

the oldest retrofit that we've found.

najstarija renovacija koju smo pronašli.

And it's just incrementally, over the last 20 years,

Samo je postepeno, tokom proteklih 20 godina,

built urbanism

urbanizovana

on top of its parking lots.

preko starih parkinga.

So the black and white photo shows

Crno bela fotografija pokazuje

the simple 60's strip shopping center.

jednostavni tržni centar iz '60.

And then the maps above that

A mape iznad pokazuju

show its gradual transformation

postepenu transformaciju

into a compact,

u kompaktno,

mixed-use New England village,

raznovrsno selo u stilu Nove Engleske

and it has plans now that have been approved

i sada postoje planovi koji su odobreni

for it to connect

da se poveže

to new residential neighborhoods

sa novim stambenim naseljima

across the arterials

glavnim putevima

and over to the other side.

i preko na drugu stranu.

So, you know, sometimes it's incremental.

Tako da, nekad je postepeno.

Sometimes, it's all at once.

Nekada je sve odjednom.

This is another infill project on the parking lots,

Ovo je još jedan projekat popunjavanja parkinga,

this one of an office park outside of Washington D.C.

ovo je kancelarijska zgrada izvan Vašingtona D.C.

When Metrorail expanded transit into the suburbs

Kada je "Metrorail" proširio prevoz do predgrađa

and opened a station nearby to this site,

i otvorio stanicu u blizini ovog mesta,

the owners decided

vlasnici su odlučili

to build a new parking deck

da izgrade novu parking platformu

and then insert on top of their surface lots

i onda da na vrhu garaže

a new Main Street, several apartments

naprave novu Glavnu ulicu,

and condo buildings,

nekoliko stambenih zgrada,

while keeping the existing office buildings.

a da sačuvaju postojeće kancelarijske zgrade.

Here is the site in 1940:

Ovo je to mesto 1940.

It was just a little farm

Tada je to bilo samo mala farma

in the village of Hyattsville.

u mestu Hajatsvil.

By 1980, it had been subdivided

Do 1980. je podeljeno

into a big mall on one side

na veliki tržni centar s jedne strane

and the office park on the other

i kancelarijski kompleks s druge.

and then some buffer sites for a library

I neka udaljena mesta za biblioteku

and a church to the far right.

i crkvu u daljini desno.

Today, the transit,

Danas, izgrađeni su

the Main Street and the new housing

tranzitni saobraćaj, Glavna ulica

have all been built.

i novi stanovi.

Eventually, I expect that the streets

Očekujem da će do kraja

will probably extend through a redevelopment of the mall.

ulice da se protežu kroz preuređeni tržni centar.

Plans have already been announced

Već su objavljeni planovi

for a lot of those garden apartments

za izgradnju mnogo baštenskih stanova

above the mall to be redeveloped.

iznad tržnog centra.

Transit is a big driver of retrofits.

Tranzit je veliki pokretač rekonstrukcija.

So here's what it looks like.

Evo kako to izgleda.

You can sort of see the funky new condo buildings

Možete videti moderne nove stambene zgrade

in between the office buildings

između poslovnih zgrada

and the public space and the new Main Street.

i javni prostor i novu Glavnu ulicu.

This one is one of my favorites, Belmar.

Ovo je Belmar, jedan od mojih omiljenih.

I think they really built an attractive place here

Mislim da su stvarno napravili atraktivno mesto

and have just employed all-green construction.

i primenili su samo ekološku gradnju.

There's massive P.V. arrays on the roofs

Tu su ogromni sunčani kolektori na krovovima

as well as wind turbines.

kao i vetrenjače.

This was a very large mall

Ovo je bio veoma velik tržni centar

on a hundred-acre superblock.

na bloku od 400 hektara.

It's now 22

Sada tu ima 22

walkable urban blocks

urbana pešačka bloka

with public streets,

sa javnim ulicama,

two public parks, eight bus lines

dva javna parka, osam autobuskih linija

and a range of housing types,

i raznim tipovima stanovanja.

and so it's really given Lakewood, Colorado

To je dalo Lejkvudu u Koloradu

the downtown

centar

that this particular suburb never had.

kakav ovo predgrađe nikada nije imalo.

Here was the mall in its heyday.

Evo ga centar na svom vrhuncu.

They had their prom in the mall. They loved their mall.

Održano je matursko veče u njemu. Voleli su svoj tržni centar.

So here's the site in 1975

Evo ga to mesto 1975.

with the mall.

sa tržnim centrom.

By 1995, the mall has died.

Do 1995. centar je umro.

The department store has been kept --

Robna kuća je zadržana.

and we found this was true in many cases.

Ovo se potvrdilo u mnogim slučajevima.

The department stores are multistory; they're better built.

Robne kuće su višespratne; bolje su sagrađene.

They're easy to be re-adapted.

Lako ih je preurediti.

But the one story stuff ...

Ali ove stvari s jednim nivoom...

that's really history.

to je stvarno prošlost.

So here it is at projected build-out.

Evo ga u projektu za budućnost.

This project, I think, has great connectivity

Mislim da ovaj projekat ima odličnu povezanost

to the existing neighborhoods.

sa postojećim susedstvima.

It's providing 1,500 households with the option

Obezbeđuje opciju urbanijeg života

of a more urban lifestyle.

za 1500 domaćinstava.

It's about two-thirds built out right now.

Već je izgrađeno oko dve trećine.

Here's what the new Main Street looks like.

Evo kako izgleda nova Glavna ulica.

It's very successful,

Veoma je uspešna.

and it's helped to prompt --

I pomoglo je da se ubrza -

eight of the 13

osam od 13

regional malls in Denver

regionalnih tržnih centara u Denveru

have now, or have announced plans to

planiraju ili su objavili planove

be, retrofitted.

za rekonstrukciju.

But it's important to note that all of this retrofitting

Ali važno je znati da se sve ovo

is not occurring --

ne dešava -

just bulldozers are coming and just plowing down the whole city.

buldozeri dolaze i ruše ceo grad.

No, it's pockets of walkability

Ne, prave se pešačke zone

on the sites of

na mestima

under-performing properties.

nezadovoljavajućih poseda.

And so it's giving people more choices,

I tako daje ljudima više izbora.

but it's not taking away choices.

Ali ne oduzima izbore.

But it's also not really enough

Ali takođe nije dovoljno samo

to just create pockets of walkability.

napraviti prolazna mesta.

You want to also try to get more systemic transformation.

Želite i da napravite sistematičniju transformaciju.

We need to also retrofit the corridors themselves.

Moramo da rekonstruišemo i same prolaze.

So this is one that has been

Evo jednog u Kaliforniji

retrofitted in California.

koji je rekonstruisan.

They took the commercial strip

Uzeli su komercijalnu ulicu

shown on the black-and-white images below,

prikazanu na crno belim slikama ispod,

and they built a boulevard

i izgradili bulevar

that has become the Main Street for their town.

koji je postao Glavna ulica njihovog grada.

And it's transformed from being

I transformisao se

an ugly, unsafe,

iz ružnog, nebezbednog,

undesirable address,

nepoželjnog mesta

to becoming a beautiful,

u lepo,

attractive, dignified sort of good address.

privlačno, dostojanstveno mesto.

I mean now we're hoping we start to see it;

Mislim, nadam se da ćemo početi da vidimo -

they've already built City Hall, attracted two hotels.

već su izgradili gradsku kuću, privukli dva hotela.

I could imagine beautiful housing going up along there

Mogla bih da zamislim lepe kuće uz ulicu

without tearing down another tree.

bez rušenja ijednog drveta.

So there's a lot of great things,

Dakle ima mnogo odličnih stvari.

but I'd love to see more corridors getting retrofitting.

Ali volela bih da vidim da se više prolaza rekonstruiše.

But densification

Ali zgušnjavanje

is not going to work everywhere.

neće svuda pomoći.

Sometimes re-greening

Ponekad je ponovo ozelenjavanje

is really the better answer.

stvarno bolji odgovor.

There's a lot to learn from successful

Može mnogo da se nauči iz uspešnog

landbanking programs

prostornog programa

in cities like Flint, Michigan.

u gradovima kao što je Flint u Mičigenu.

There's also a burgeoning suburban farming movement --

Postoji i program razvoja farmi u predgrađu -

sort of victory gardens meets the Internet.

nešto kao ratne bašte upoznaju internet.

But perhaps one of the most important re-greening aspects

Ali možda je jedan od najvažnijih aspekata ozelenjavanja

is the opportunity to restore

prilika da se povrati

the local ecology,

lokalna ekologija,

as in this example outside of Minneapolis.

kao u ovom primeru izvan Mineapolisa.

When the shopping center died,

Kada je tržni centar umro,

the city restored the site's

grad je povratio močvare

original wetlands,

koje su prvobitno bile tu,

creating lakefront property,

stvarajući obalu

which then attracted private investment,

koja je onda privukla privatne investitore,

the first private investment to this very low-income neighborhood

prve privatne investitore za preko 40 godina

in over 40 years.

koji su došli u ovaj veoma siromašan kraj.

So they've managed to both restore the local ecology

Dakle oni su uspeli da u isto vreme povrate

and the local economy at the same time.

lokalnu ekologiju i lokalnu ekonomiju.

This is another re-greening example.

Ovo je još jedan primer ozelenjavanja.

It also makes sense in very strong markets.

To takođe ima smisla na jakim tržištima.

This one in Seattle

Ovaj u Sijetlu

is on the site of a mall parking lot

je na mestu parkinga tržnog centra

adjacent to a new transit stop.

koji je pored nove tranzitne stanice.

And the wavy line

A krivudava linija je

is a path alongside a creek that has now been daylit.

staza uz potok koji je sada na dnevnom svetlu.

The creek had been culverted under the parking lot.

Potok je bio pretvoren u kanal ispod parkinga.

But daylighting our creeks

Ali osvetljavanje potoka

really improves their water quality

u mnogome poboljšava kvalitet vode

and contributions to habitat.

i doprinos životnoj sredini.

So I've shown you some of

Dakle pokazala sam vam neke

the first generation of retrofits.

od prvih generacija rekonstrukcija.

What's next?

Šta je sledeće?

I think we have three challenges for the future.

Mislim da u budućnosti imamo tri izazova.

The first is to plan retrofitting

Prvi je da planiramo rekonstrukcije

much more systemically

sistematičnije

at the metropolitan scale.

na većem nivou.

We need to be able to target

Moramo da procenimo

kojim površinama je neophodno ozelenjavanje.

which areas really should be re-greened.

Where should we be redeveloping?

Gde bi trebalo da renoviramo?

And where should we be encouraging re-inhabitation?

I gde bi trebalo da podstičemo ponovno naseljavanje?

These slides just show two images

Ovi slajdovi pokazuju dve slike

from a larger project

iz jednog većeg projekta

that looked at trying to do that for Atlanta.

koji je imao za cilj da to uradi u Atlanti.

I led a team that was asked to imagine

Vodila sam tim od kog je traženo

Atlanta 100 years from now.

da zamisli Atlantu za 100 godina.

And we chose to try to reverse sprawl

Pokušali smo da preokrenemo širenje

through three simple moves -- expensive, but simple.

kroz tri jednostavna koraka - skupa, ali jednostavna.

One, in a hundred years,

Prvi, za sto godina

transit on all major

tranzit ide svim velikim

rail and road corridors.

železničkim i drumskim putevima.

Two, in a hundred years,

Drugi, za sto godina

thousand foot buffers

hiljadu zaštitnih ograda

on all stream corridors.

na svim potocima.

It's a little extreme, but we've got a little water problem.

To je malo ekstremno, ali imamo mali problem sa vodom.

In a hundred years,

Za sto godina,

neće biti moguće imati posed koji je previše blizu vode

subdivisions that simply end up too close to water

or too far from transit won't be viable.

ili previše udaljen od puta.

And so we've created the eco-acre

Napravili smo ekološki transfer zemlje,

transfer-to-transfer development rights

za prenošenje prava na izgradnju

to the transit corridors

na tranzitne puteve

and allow the re-greening

i dozvoljavanje ozelenjavanja

of those former subdivisions

tih starih poseda

for food and energy production.

za proizvodnju hrane i energije.

So the second challenge

Dakle drugi izazov je

is to improve the architectural design quality

poboljšati kvalitet arhitektonskih projekata

of the retrofits.

ovih rekonstrukcija.

And I close with this image

Završavam sa ovom slikom

of democracy in action:

demokratije na delu.

This is a protest that's happening

Ovo je protest

on a retrofit in Silver Spring, Maryland

na jednoj rekonstrukciji u Silver Springu, Merilend

on an Astroturf town green.

na veštačkoj travi u gradu.

Now, retrofits are often accused

Često se kaže da su rekonstrukcije

of being examples of faux downtowns

primeri lažnih centara

and instant urbanism,

i instant urbanizma.

and not without reason; you don't get much more phony

I ne bez razloga; ne može biti lažnije

than an Astroturf town green.

od veštačke trave.

I have to say, these are very hybrid places.

Moram priznati da su ovo veoma hibridna mesta.

They are new but trying to look old.

Nova su, ali pokušavaju da izgledaju staro.

They have urban streetscapes,

Ulice izgledaju urbano,

but suburban parking ratios.

ali su nivoi parkiranja prigradski.

Their populations are

Stanovništvo je raznovrsnije

more diverse than typical suburbia,

nego u tipičnom predgrađu,

but they're less diverse than cities.

ali manje raznovrsno nego u gradovima.

And they are

To su

public places,

javna mesta,

but that are managed by private companies.

ali ih vode privatne firme.

And just the surface appearance

A samo od površinskog izgleda -

are often -- like the Astroturf here --

kao što je veštačka trava ovde -

they make me wince.

se stresem.

So, you know, I mean I'm glad that

Mislim, znate drago mi je da

the urbanism is doing its job.

urbanizam radi svoj posao.

The fact that a protest is happening

Činjenica da postoji protest

really does mean

stvarno znači

da je raspored blokova, ulica i blokova, postavljanje javnog prostora,

that the layout of the blocks, the streets and blocks, the putting in of public space,

compromised as it may be,

pod kakvim god kompromisom,

is still a really great thing.

ipak stvarno dobra stvar.

But we've got to get the architecture better.

Ali moramo poboljšati arhitekturu.

The final challenge is for all of you.

Poslednji izazov je za sve vas.

I want you to join the protest

Želim da se pridružite protestu

and start demanding

i da počnete da zahtevate

more sustainable suburban places --

održivija mesta u predgrađima -

more sustainable places, period.

održivija mesta, tačka.

But culturally,

Ali kao kultura,

we tend to think that downtowns

mi mislimo da bi centri

should be dynamic, and we expect that.

trebalo da budu dinamični i to i očekujemo.

But we seem to have an expectation

Ali izgleda da očekujemo

that the suburbs should forever remain frozen

i da predgrađa zauvek ostanu zamrznuta

in whatever adolescent form

u kakvom god adolescentnom obliku

they were first given birth to.

su se prvobitno i rodila.

It's time to let them grow up,

Vreme je da ih pustimo da odrastu.

so I want you

Želim da svi

to all support the zoning changes,

podržite promene zona,

the road diets, the infrastructure improvements

smanjivanje saobraćaja, poboljšanja infrastruktura

and the retrofits that are coming soon to a neighborhood near you.

i rekonstrukcije koje uskoro stižu u vaše komšiluke.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.