The unforeseen consequences of a fast-paced world | Kathryn Bouskill

Prevodilac: Alexandra Franziska Boos Lektor: Ivana Korom

Do you ever wonder why we're surrounded with things that help us do everything

Da li se ikada pitate, zašto smo okruženi stvarima koje pomažu da uradimo sve

faster and faster and faster?

brže, brže i brže?

Communicate faster,

Da brže komuniciramo,

but also work faster, bank faster,

ali i brže radimo, brže obavljamo poslove u banci

travel faster, find a date faster,

brže putujemo, brže upoznamo nekoga,

cook faster, clean faster and do all of it all at the same time?

brže kuvamo, čistimo i sve to uradimo u isto vreme?

How do you feel about cramming even more into every waking hour?

Šta mislite o tome da ugurate još više obaveza u svaku budnu minutu?

Well, to my generation of Americans,

Znate, za moju generaciju Amerikanaca

speed feels like a birthright.

brzina se čini rođenjem dato pravo.

Sometimes I think our minimum speed is Mach 3.

Ponekad mislim da je naša minimalna brzina mah 3.

Anything less, and we fear losing our competitive edge.

Išta manje od toga, i strahujemo da izgubimo našu takmičarsku oštrinu.

But even my generation is starting to question

Ali čak i moja generacija počela je da se pita

whether we're the masters of speed

da li smo mi gospodari brzine

or if speed is mastering us.

Ili brzina gospodari nama.

I'm an anthropologist at the Rand Corporation,

Ja sam antropolog u Rand korporaciji

and while many anthropologists study ancient cultures,

i dok mnogi antropolozi proučavaju antičke kulture,

I focus on modern day cultures and how we're adapting

ja se fokusiram na moderne kulture i kako se prilagođavamo

to all of this change happening in the world.

svim promenama koje se dešavaju u svetu.

Recently, I teamed up with an engineer, Seifu Chonde, to study speed.

Nedavno, počela sam da proučavam brzinu sa inžinjerom Sejfuom Čondeom.

We were interested both in how people are adapting to this age of acceleration

Interesovalo nas je kako se ljudi prilagođavaju ovom dobu ubrzanja,

and its security and policy implications.

njegovim bezbednosnim i strateškim implikacijama.

What could our world look like in 25 years

Kako bi mogao naš svet da izgleda za 25 godina

if the current pace of change keeps accelerating?

ako se trenutni tempo promene nastavlja ubrzavati?

What would it mean for transportation,

Šta bi to značilo za prevoz,

or learning, communication,

ili učenje, komunikaciju,

manufacturing, weaponry

proizvodnju, naoružanje

or even natural selection?

Ili čak prirodnu selekciju?

Will a faster future make us more secure and productive?

Da li će nas brža budućnost učiniti bezbednijim i produktivnijim?

Or will it make us more vulnerable?

Ili će nas učiniti ranjivijim?

In our research, people accepted acceleration as inevitable,

U našem istraživanju, ljudi su ubrzanje prihvatili kao neizbežno

both the thrills and the lack of control.

i uzbuđenja, kao i manjak kontrole.

They fear that if they were to slow down,

Ako uspore, boje se

they might run the risk of becoming obsolete.

da bi rizikovali da postanu beskorisni.

They say they'd rather burn out than rust out.

Oni kažu da im je draže da izgore, nego da zarđaju.

Yet at the same time,

Ali istovremeno,

they worry that speed could erode their cultural traditions

brinu se da bi brzina mogla da uruši njihove kulturne tradicije

and their sense of home.

i njihov osećaj doma.

But even people who are winning at the speed game

Čak i ljudi koji pobeđuju u igri brzine

admit to feeling a little uneasy.

priznaju da im nije lagodno.

They see acceleration as widening the gap between the haves,

Vide ubrzanje kao proširenje razdvojenosti između onih koji imaju,

the jet-setters who are buzzing around,

džet-setera koji zuje unaokolo,

and the have-nots,

i onih koji nemaju,

who are left in the digital dust.

koji su ostavljeni u digitalnoj prašini.

Yes, we have good reason to forecast that the future will be faster,

Da, mi imamo dobre razloge da predvidimo da će budućnost biti brža,

but what I've come to realize

ali ono što sam ja shvatila

is that speed is paradoxical,

jeste da je brzina paradoksalna,

and like all good paradoxes,

i kao svi dobri paradoksi

it teaches us about the human experience,

uči nas o ljudskom doživljaju,

as absurd and complex as it is.

apsurdnom i kompleksnom kakav i jeste.

The first paradox is that we love speed,

Prvi paradoks je da volimo brzinu,

and we're thrilled by its intensity.

i oduševljeni smo njenim intenzitetom.

But our prehistoric brains aren't really built for it,

Ali naši praistorijski mozgovi nisu baš za to opremljeni,

so we invent roller coasters and race cars and supersonic planes,

zato izmišljamo rolerkostere, trkačke automobile i supersonične avione,

but we get whiplash, carsick,

ali doživljavamo ušinutost vrata, mučninu od vožnje,

jet-lagged.

umor od leta.

We didn't evolve to multitask.

Nismo se razvili da radimo više stvari odjednom.

Rather, we evolved to do one thing with incredible focus,

Naprotiv, razvilii smo se da radimo jednu stvar sa neverovatnim fokusom,

like hunt -- not necessarily with great speed

kao lov - ne nužno sa puno brzine

but with endurance for great distance.

ali sa izdržljivošću na velike razdaljine.

But now there's a widening gap between our biology and our lifestyles,

Ali sada postoji sve veći jaz između naše biologije i životnih stilova,

a mismatch between what our bodies are built for and what we're making them do.

neslaganje između toga za šta su naša tela izgrađena i šta ih teramo da rade.

It's a phenomenon my mentors have called "Stone Agers in the fast lane."

To je fenomen koji su moji mentori nazvali "Kameno dobci u brzoj traci".

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

A second paradox of speed is that it can be measured objectively. Right?

Drugi paradoks brzine je da može biti objektivno izmerena. Zar ne?

Miles per hour, gigabytes per second.

Kilometri po satu, gigabajti po sekundi.

But how speed feels,

Ali kako se brzina pojmi,

and whether we like it,

i da li nam se dopada,

is highly subjective.

je vrlo subjektivno.

So we can document

Tako da možemo zabeležiti

that the pace at which we are adopting new technologies is increasing.

da se ritam po kojem usvajamo nove tehnologije ubrzava.

For example, it took 85 years from the introduction of the telephone

Na primer, bilo je potrebno 85 godina od pojave telefona

to when the majority of Americans had phones at home.

do trenutka kada je većina Amerikanaca imala telefon u kući.

In contrast, it only took 13 years for most of us to have smartphones.

Nasupro tome, samo 13 godina je bilo potrebno

da bi većina nas imala pametne telefone.

And how people act and react to speed

A kako se ljudi ponašaju i reaguju na brzinu

varies by culture and among different people within the same culture.

varira od kulture i između različitih ljudi unutar iste kulture.

Interactions that could be seen as pleasantly brisk and convenient

Interakcije koje se mogu posmatrati kao prijatno hitrim i pogodnim

in some cultures

u nekim kulturama

could be seen as horribly rude in others.

mogle bi se smatrati uvredljivim u drugim.

I mean, you wouldn't go asking for a to-go cup at a Japanese tea ceremony

Mislim, ne biste tražili čašu za poneti na japanskoj čajnoj ceremoniji

so you could jet off to your next tourist stop.

da biste brzo stigli do narednog turističkog odredišta.

Would you?

Da li biste?

A third paradox is that speed begets speed.

Treći paradoks je da brzina stvara brzinu.

The faster I respond, the more responses I get,

Što brže odgovorim, više ću odgovora dobiti,

the faster I have to respond again.

brže ću opet morati da odgovorim.

Having more communication

Imati više komunikacije

and information at our fingertips

i informacija na dohvat ruke

at any given moment

u bilo kom trenutku

was supposed to make decision-making easier and more rational.

je trebalo da učini donošenje odluka lakšim i racionalnijim.

But that doesn't really seem to be happening.

Ali izgleda da se to u stvari ne dešava.

Here's just one more paradox:

Evo još jednog paradoksa:

If all of these faster technologies were supposed to free us from drudgery,

ako je trebalo da nas sve ove brze tehnologije oslobe napora posla,

why do we all feel so pressed for time?

zašto se svi osećamo pod pritiskom vremena?

Why are we crashing our cars in record numbers,

Zašto uništavamo naše automobile u rekordnom broju,

because we think we have to answer that text right away?

zato što mislimo da moramo odmah odgovoriti na tu poruku?

Shouldn't life in the fast lane feel a little more fun

Zar ne bi život u brzoj traci trebao biti malo zabavniji

and a little less anxious?

i malo manje anksiozan?

German speakers even have a word for this:

Oni koji govore nemački imaju i reč za to:

"Eilkrankheit."

"Eilkrankheit."

In English, that's "hurry sickness."

Na engleskom je to "bolest žurbe".

When we have to make fast decisions,

Kada moramo da donesemo brze odluke,

autopilot brain kicks in,

pokreće se automatski mozak,

and we rely on our learned behaviors,

i mi se oslanjamo na naša usvojena ponašanja

our reflexes, our cognitive biases,

naše reflekse, naše kognitivne pristrasnosti

to help us perceive and respond quickly.

da nam pomognu da shvatimo i odreagujemo brzo.

Sometimes that saves our lives, right?

Ponekad nam to spašava život, zar ne?

Fight or flight.

Borba ili bekstvo.

But sometimes, it leads us astray in the long run.

Ali ponekad nas skrene sa pravog puta na duže staze.

Oftentimes, when our society has major failures,

Često, kada naše društvo prolazi kroz ogromne neuspehe,

they're not technological failures.

to nisu tehnološki neuspesi.

They're failures that happen when we made decisions too quickly

To su neuspesi koji se dese kada donosimo užurbane odluke

on autopilot.

na autopilotu.

We didn't do the creative or critical thinking required

Nismo razmislili kreativno ili kritički

to connect the dots

da bismo povezali tačke

or weed out false information

ili iskorenili pogrešnu informaciju

or make sense of complexity.

ili razjasnili kompleksnosti.

That kind of thinking can't be done fast.

Takvo razmišljanje ne može biti urađeno brzo.

That's slow thinking.

To je sporo razmišljanje.

Two psychologists, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky,

Dva psihologa, Danijel Kaneman i Amos Tverski

started pointing this out back in 1974,

su ovo naglasili još 1974,

and we're still struggling to do something with their insights.

i mi se dalje borimo da uradimo nešto sa njihovim saznanjima.

All of modern history can be thought of as one spurt of acceleration after another.

Cela moderna istorija može se smatrati jednim izlivom ubrzanosti za drugim.

It's as if we think if we just speed up enough,

To je kao da smatramo, ako dovoljno ubrzamo,

we can outrun our problems.

možemo pobeći od naših problema.

But we never do.

Ali mi to nikada ne postignemo.

We know this in our own lives,

Mi to znamo u našim životima

and policymakers know it, too.

i donosioci zakona znaju to isto.

So now we're turning to artificial intelligence

Zato se sada okrećemo ka veštačkoj inteligenciji

to help us make faster and smarter decisions

da nam pomogne da donesemo brže i pametnije odluke

to process this ever-expanding universe of data.

da shvatimo taj sve širi univerzum podataka.

But machines crunching data are no substitute

Ali mašine koje drobe podatke nisu zamena

for critical and sustained thinking

za kritičko i održivo razmišljanje

by humans,

koje vrše ljudi,

whose Stone Age brains need a little time to let their impulses subside,

čijim je mozgovima iz kamenog doba potrebno malo više vremena

da im impulsi splasnu, da se uspori um

to slow the mind

and let the thoughts flow.

i da se dopusti da teku misli.

If you're starting to think that we should just hit the brakes,

Ako počinjete da mislite da samo treba da povučemo kočnice,

that won't always be the right solution.

to neće uvek biti pravo rešenje.

We all know that a train that's going too fast around a bend can derail,

Mi znamo da voz, koji previše brzo ide kroz krivinu može iskliznuti iz šina,

but Seifu, the engineer,

ali Sejfu, inžinjer

taught me that a train that's going too slowly around a bend can also derail.

naučio me je da voz koji ide presporo kroz krivinu može isto iskliznuti iz šina.

So managing this spurt of acceleration starts with the understanding

Tako da upravljanje ovim izlivom ubrzanja počinje sa razumevanjem

that we have more control over speed than we think we do,

da mi imamo više kontrole nad brzinom nego što mislimo da imamo,

individually and as a society.

individualno i kao društvo.

Sometimes, we'll need to engineer ourselves to go faster.

Ponekad ćemo morati sebe da ustrojimo da idemo brže.

We'll want to solve gridlock,

Mi ćemo hteti da rešimo zastoje,

speed up disaster relief for hurricane victims

ubrzamo oporavak od katastrofe za žrtve uragana

or use 3-D printing to produce what we need on the spot,

ili da koristimo 3D štampanje da odmah proizvedemo šta nam treba,

just when we need it.

baš kada nam treba.

Sometimes, though, we'll want to make our surroundings feel slower

Ponekad, međutim, želećemo da učinimo našu okolinu sporijom

to engineer the crash out of the speedy experience.

da stvorimo izlaz iz tog iskustva ubrzanosti.

And it's OK not to be stimulated all the time.

I okej je da ne budemo stimulusani sve vreme.

It's good for adults

Dobro je za odrasle

and for kids.

i za decu.

Maybe it's boring, but it gives us time to reflect.

Možda je dosadno, ali daje nam vremena da razmislimo.

Slow time is not wasted time.

Sporo vreme nije protraćeno vreme.

And we need to reconsider what it means to save time.

I moramo da ponovo promislimo šta znači uštedeti vreme.

Culture and rituals around the world build in slowness,

Kultura i rituali oko sveta se grade u usporenosti,

because slowness helps us reinforce our shared values and connect.

jer nam usporenost pomaže da ojačamo naše zajedničke vrednosti i povežemo se.

And connection is a critical part of being human.

A povezanost je kritičan deo ljudskosti.

We need to master speed,

Moramo da ovladamo brzinom,

and that means thinking carefully about the trade-offs of any given technology.

i to znači da pažljivo razmislimo o ustupcima od bilo koje tehnologije.

Will it help you reclaim time that you can use to express your humanity?

Da li će vam pomoći da vratite vreme koje možete koristiti da izrazite ljudskost?

Will it give you hurry sickness? Will it give other people hurry sickness?

Da li će vam izazvati bolest žurbe? Da li će drugim izazvati bolest žurbe?

If you're lucky enough to decide the pace that you want to travel through life,

Ako ste dovoljno te sreće da odlučite tempo kojim želite da putujete kroz život,

it's a privilege.

to je privilegija.

Use it.

Iskoristite je.

You might decide that you need both to speed up

Možda odlučite da morate da ujedno ubrzate

and to create slow time:

i da stvorite sporo vreme:

time to reflect,

vreme za razmišljanje,

to percolate

da se pročistite

at your own pace;

u vašem tempu;

time to listen,

vreme da slušate,

to empathize,

da saosećate,

to rest your mind,

da odmorite um,

to linger at the dinner table.

da otežete za stolom za večeru.

So as we zoom into the future,

Dakle kako ulazimo u budućnost,

let's consider setting the technologies of speed,

uzmimo u obzir postavljanje tehnologije brzine,

the purpose of speed

svrhu brzine

and our expectations of speed

i naša očekivanja od brzine

to a more human pace.

na ljudskiji tempo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)