Insightful human portraits made from data | R. Luke DuBois

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

So I'm an artist,

Ja sam umetnik,

but a little bit of a peculiar one.

ali pomalo čudan.

I don't paint.

Ne slikam.

I can't draw.

Ne umem da crtam.

My shop teacher in high school wrote that I was a menace

Moj nastavnik tehničkog u srednjoj školi napisao je da sam napast

on my report card.

u mojoj knjižici.

You probably don't really want to see my photographs.

Verovatno ne biste hteli da vidite moje fotografije.

But there is one thing I know how to do:

Ipak, jedno znam da radim -

I know how to program a computer.

znam kako da programiram kompjuter.

I can code.

Umem da kodiram.

And people will tell me that 100 years ago,

Ljudi mi kažu da pre 100 godina

nisu postojali ljudi kao što sam ja,

folks like me didn't exist,

that it was impossible,

da je to bilo nemoguće,

that art made with data is a new thing,

da umetnost sačinjena od podataka predstavlja novinu,

it's a product of our age,

da je to proizvod našeg doba,

it's something that's really important

to je nešto o čemu je važno razmišljati

to think of as something that's very "now."

kao o nečemu što pripada sadašnjici.

And that's true.

To je istina.

Međutim, postoji oblik umetnosti koji je veoma dugo prisutan,

But there is an art form that's been around for a very long time

that's really about using information,

a koji podrazumeva korišćenje informacija,

abstract information,

apstraktnih informacija,

to make emotionally resonant pieces.

da bi se sačinila dela koja emocionalno ostavljaju utisak.

And it's called music.

Naziva se muzika.

We've been making music for tens of thousands of years, right?

Stvaramo muziku desetinama hiljada godina, zar ne?

And if you think about what music is --

Ako razmislite o tome šta je muzika -

notes and chords and keys and harmonies and melodies --

note, akordi, tonaliteti, harmonije i melodije -

these things are algorithms.

sve to su algoritmi.

These things are systems

To su sistemi

that are designed to unfold over time,

koji su osmišljeni tako da se odvijaju vremenom,

to make us feel.

da izazovu osećanja.

I came to the arts through music.

Ušao sam u umetnost kroz muziku.

I was trained as a composer,

Učio sam da budem kompozitor

and about 15 years ago, I started making pieces

i pre oko 15 godina sam počeo da stvaram dela

that were designed to look at the intersection

koja su osmišljena tako da budu usmerena na ukrštanje

zvuka i slike,

between sound and image,

to use an image to unveil a musical structure

da koriste sliku da bi otkrila muzičku strukturu

or to use a sound to show you something interesting

ili da koriste zvuk da bi vam pokazala nešto zanimljivo

about something that's usually pictorial.

o nečemu što je najčešće slikovno.

So what you're seeing on the screen is literally being drawn

Dakle, ono što vidite na ekranu bukvalno iscrtava

by the musical structure of the musicians onstage,

muzička struktura muzičara na sceni,

and there's no accident that it looks like a plant,

a nije slučajno da ovo izgleda kao biljka,

because the underlying algorithmic biology of the plant

jer algoritamska biologija biljke koja se nalazi u osnovi

predstavlja ono što je muzičkoj strukturi prvobitno dalo informaciju.

is what informed the musical structure in the first place.

So once you know how to do this, once you know how to code with media,

Dakle, kada saznate kako to da radite, kada znate kako da kodirate sa medijima,

you can do some pretty cool stuff.

možete da postignete neke sjajne stvari.

This is a project I did for the Sundance Film Festival.

Ovo je projekat koji sam uradio za filmski festival Sandens.

Really simple idea: you take every Academy Award Best Picture,

Vrlo jednostavna ideja - uzmete svaki film koji je dobio Oskara za najbolji film,

you speed it up to one minute each

ubrzate svaki u jedan minut

and string them all together.

i nanižete ih zajedno.

And so in 75 minutes, I can show you the history of Hollywood cinema.

Tako vam za 75 minuta mogu prikazati istoriju holivudskog bioskopa.

And what it really shows you is the history of editing

Ono što vam zaista prikazuje jeste istorija uređivanja

in Hollywood cinema.

holivudskog bioskopa.

So on the left, we've got Casablanca; on the right, we've got Chicago.

Sa leve strane imamo „Kazablanku“, a sa desne strane imamo „Čikago“.

And you can see that Casablanca is a little easier to read.

Možete videti da je „Kazablanku“ malo lakše razaznati.

That's because the average length of a cinematic shot in the 1940s

To je zato što je prosečna dužina filmskog kadra 1940-ih godina

was 26 seconds,

bila 26 sekundi,

and now it's around six seconds.

a sada je oko šest sekundi.

This is a project that was inspired

Ovo je projekat koji je bio inspirisan

by some work that was funded by the US Federal Government

izvesnim radom koji je finansirala federalna vlada SAD-a

in the early 2000s,

ranih 2000-ih godina,

to look at video footage and find a specific actor in any video.

da pogledate video snimak i nađete određenog glumca u bilo kom snimku.

And so I repurposed this code to train a system on one person

Tako sam promenio cilj ovog koda tako da nauči sistem o jednoj osobi

in our culture who would never need to be surveilled in that manner,

iz naše kulture koja nikad ne bi trebalo da bude tako pod nadgledanjem,

which is Britney Spears.

a to je Britni Spirs.

I downloaded 2,000 paparazzi photos of Britney Spears

Skinuo sam dve hiljade paparaci fotografija Britni Spirs

and trained my computer to find her face

i naučio svoj kompjuter da pronađe njeno lice,

and her face alone.

i to isključivo njeno lice.

I can run any footage of her through it and will center her eyes in the frame,

Mogu da pokrenem bilo koji njen snimak i centriraće njene oči u kadru,

and this sort of is a little double commentary

a to je na neki način dvostruki komentar

about surveillance in our society.

u vezi sa prismotrom u našem društvu.

We are very fraught with anxiety about being watched,

Veoma smo opterećeni anksioznošću vezanom za to da nas posmatraju,

but then we obsess over celebrity.

a onda opsedamo poznate ličnosti.

What you're seeing on the screen here is a collaboration I did

Na ovom ekranu vidite nešto što sam uradio u saradnji

with an artist named Lián Amaris.

sa umetnicom po imenu Lijan Amaris.

What she did is very simple to explain and describe,

Ona je uradila nešto što je vrlo lako objasniti i opisati,

but very hard to do.

ali vrlo teško uraditi.

She took 72 minutes of activity,

Uzela je aktivnost od 72 minuta,

getting ready for a night out on the town,

spremanje za izlazak u grad,

and stretched it over three days

i to je rastegla na tri dana

and performed it on a traffic island in slow motion in New York City.

i to odigrala kao na usporenom snimku na saobraćajnom ostrvu u Njujorku.

I was there, too, with a film crew.

I ja sam bio tamo, sa filmskom ekipom.

Snimili smo sve to,

We filmed the whole thing,

a zatim smo obrnuli proces, ubrzavši to ponovo na 72 minuta,

and then we reversed the process, speeding it up to 72 minutes again,

so it looks like she's moving normally

tako da izgleda da se ona kreće normalno,

and the whole world is flying by.

a ceo svet proleće pored nje.

At a certain point, I figured out

U nekom trenutku sam shvatio

that what I was doing was making portraits.

da sam u stvari pravio portrete.

When you think about portraiture, you tend to think about stuff like this.

Kada pomislite na portretisanje, skloni ste da pomislite na ovako nešto.

Tip sa leve strane se zove Gilbert Stjuart.

The guy on the left is named Gilbert Stuart.

On je nešto poput prvog pravog portretiste u Sjedinjenim Državama.

He's sort of the first real portraitist of the United States.

And on the right is his portrait of George Washington from 1796.

Sa desne strane je njegov portret Džordža Vašingtona iz 1796. godine.

This is the so-called Lansdowne portrait.

To je takozvani Lansdaunov portret.

And if you look at this painting, there's a lot of symbolism, right?

Ako pogledate ovu sliku, tu je mnogo simbolizma, zar ne?

We've got a rainbow out the window. We've got a sword.

Imamo dugu kroz prozor. Imamo mač.

We've got a quill on the desk.

Imamo pero na stolu.

Sve te stvari je trebalo da dočaraju

All of these things are meant to evoke

Džordža Vašingtona kao oca nacije.

George Washington as the father of the nation.

This is my portrait of George Washington.

Ovo je moj portret Džordža Vašingtona.

And this is an eye chart,

To je test oštrine vida,

only instead of letters, they're words.

samo što su tu reči umesto slova,

And what the words are is the 66 words

a reči predstavljaju 66 reči

in George Washington's State of the Union addresses

iz obraćanja Džordža Vašingtona o stanju nacije

that he uses more than any other president.

koje koristi više od bilo kod drugog predsednika.

So "gentlemen" has its own symbolism and its own rhetoric.

Dakle, reč „gospodo“ ima sopstvenu simboliku i retoriku.

And it's really kind of significant that that's the word he used the most.

Zaista je nekako značajno što je tu reč najviše koristio.

This is the eye chart for George W. Bush,

Ovo je test oštrine vida za Džordža V. Buša,

koji je bio predsednik kada sam stvorio ovo delo.

who was president when I made this piece.

And how you get there,

Kako se stiže ovde,

from "gentlemen" to "terror" in 43 easy steps,

od „gospode“ do „terora“ u 43 jednostavna koraka,

tells us a lot about American history,

govori nam dosta o američkoj istoriji

and gives you a different insight

i daje vam drugačiji uvid

than you would have looking at a series of paintings.

od onog koji biste imali dok gledate niz slika.

These pieces provide a history lesson of the United States

Ova dela daju lekciju o istoriji Sjedinjenih Država

through the political rhetoric of its leaders.

kroz političku retoriku njihovih predvodnika.

Ronald Reagan spent a lot of time talking about deficits.

Ronald Regan je trošio dosta vremena pričajući o deficitima.

Bil Klinton je dosta vremena provodio pričajući o veku

Bill Clinton spent a lot of time

talking about the century in which he would no longer be president,

u kome više neće biti predsednik,

ali će možda biti njegova žena.

but maybe his wife would be.

Lyndon Johnson was the first President

Lindon Džonson je bio prvi predsednik

to give his State of the Union addresses on prime-time television;

koji je svoj govor o stanju nacije držao na televiziji u udarnom terminu;

he began every paragraph with the word "tonight."

svaki pasus je počinjao rečju „večeras“.

Ričard Nikson, ili tačnije, njegov pisac govora,

And Richard Nixon, or more accurately, his speechwriter,

tip po imenu Vilijam Sefajer,

a guy named William Safire,

spent a lot of time thinking about language

provodio je dosta vremena razmišljajući o jeziku

and making sure that his boss portrayed a rhetoric of honesty.

i starajući se o tome da njegov šef oslikava retoriku iskrenosti.

This project is shown as a series of monolithic sculptures.

Projekat je prikazan kao niz monolitnih skulptura.

It's an outdoor series of light boxes.

To je niz svetlećih kutija na otvorenom prostoru.

And it's important to note that they're to scale,

Važno je primetiti da su srazmerne,

so if you stand 20 feet back and you can read between those two black lines,

pa ako ste udaljeni 6 metara i možete da čitate između te dve crne linije,

you have 20/20 vision.

imate vid 6/60.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Ovo je portret. Ima mnogo ovoga.

This is a portrait. And there's a lot of these.

There's a lot of ways to do this with data.

Mnogo toga se može uraditi sa ovim podacima.

I started looking for a way

Počeo sam da razmatram

to think about how I can do a more democratic form of portraiture,

kako da napravim demokratičniju formu portreta,

something that's more about my country and how it works.

nešto što ima više veze sa mojom zemljom i načinom njenog funkcionisanja.

Every 10 years, we make a census in the United States.

Svakih deset godina pravimo popis u Sjedinjenim Državama.

We literally count people,

Bukvalno prebrojavamo ljude,

find out who lives where, what kind of jobs we've got,

saznajemo ko gde živi, kakav posao ima, kojim jezikom govori kod kuće.

the language we speak at home.

And this is important stuff -- really important stuff.

To su važne stvari, zaista važne stvari,

But it doesn't really tell us who we are.

ali nam zapravo ne govore o tome ko smo.

It doesn't tell us about our dreams and our aspirations.

Ne govore o našim snovima i težnjama.

And so in 2010, I decided to make my own census.

Zato sam 2010. godine odlučio da napravim svoj popis.

And I started looking for a corpus of data

Počeo sam da tražim zbirku podataka

that had a lot of descriptions written by ordinary Americans.

koja sadrži mnogo opisa koje su napisali obični Amerikanci.

And it turns out

Ispostavilo se

that there is such a corpus of data

da postoji takva zbirka podataka

koja samo čeka da se preuzme.

that's just sitting there for the taking.

It's called online dating.

Zove se onlajn upoznavanje.

So in 2010, I joined 21 different online dating services,

Tako sam se 2010. godine priključio 21 servisu za onlajn upoznavanje,

as a gay man, a straight man, a gay woman and a straight woman,

kao gej muškarac, strejt muškarac, gej žena i strejt žena,

in every zip code in America

na svakom poštanskom broju u Americi

and downloaded about 19 million people's dating profiles --

i skinuo sam oko 19 miliona profila za upoznavanje -

about 20 percent of the adult population of the United States.

oko 20 posto odraslog stanovništva Sjedinjenih Država.

I have obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Imam opsesivno-kompulzivni poremećaj.

To će postati vrlo očigledno. Samo me pratite.

This is going to become really freaking obvious. Just go with me.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

So what I did was I sorted all this stuff by zip code.

Dakle, sortirao sam sve to prema poštanskom broju.

And I looked at word analysis.

Zatim sam pogledao analizu reči.

These are some dating profiles from 2010

Ima izvesnih profila za upoznavanje iz 2010. godine

with the word "lonely" highlighted.

sa naglašenom rečju „usamljen“.

If you look at these things topographically,

Ako ovo sagledate topografski,

if you imagine dark colors to light colors are more use of the word,

ako zamislite da tamne i svetle boje predstavljaju upotrebu te reči,

you can see that Appalachia is a pretty lonely place.

možete videti da je Apalačija prilično usamljeno mesto.

You can also see that Nebraska ain't that funny.

Takođe možete videti da Nebraska nije baš tako smešna.

This is the kinky map, so what this is showing you

Ovo je „nastrana“ mapa, tako da vam ovo pokazuje

is that the women in Alaska need to get together

da žene iz Aljaske treba da se spoje

with the men in southern New Mexico,

sa muškarcima iz južnog Novog Meksika

and have a good time.

i da se zabave.

And I have this at a pretty granular level,

Ovo sam sproveo na vrlo detaljnom nivou,

so I can tell you that the men in the eastern half of Long Island

pa vam mogu reći da su muškarci iz istočne polovine Long Ajlanda

are way more interested in being spanked

mnogo zainteresovaniji da dobiju po guzi

than men in the western half of Long Island.

nego muškarci iz zapadne polovine Long Ajlanda.

This will be your one takeaway from this whole conference.

To će biti nešto što ćete poneti sa sobom sa cele ove konferencije.

You're going to remember that fact for, like, 30 years.

Pamtićete ovu činjenicu jedno 30 godina.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

When you bring this down to a cartographic level,

Kada ovo svedete na kartografski nivo,

možete da pravite mape i izvedete iste trikove kao i ja sa testovima za vid.

you can make maps and do the same trick I was doing with the eye charts.

You can replace the name of every city in the United States

Možete zameniti ime svakog grada u Sjedinjenim Državama

with the word people use more in that city than anywhere else.

rečju koju ljudi više koriste u tom gradu nego bilo gde drugde.

Ako ste se ikada zabavljali sa nekim iz Sijetla, ovo savršeno ima smisla.

If you've ever dated anyone from Seattle, this makes perfect sense.

You've got "pretty." You've got "heartbreak."

Imate „lep“. Imate „slomljeno srce“.

You've got "gig." You've got "cigarette."

Imate „svirka“. Imate „cigareta“.

They play in a band and they smoke.

Sviraju u bendu i puše.

And right above that you can see "email."

Tačno iznad možete videti „imejl“.

That's Redmond, Washington,

To je Redmond u Vašingtonu,

which is the headquarters of the Microsoft Corporation.

a to je sedište korporacije Majkrosoft.

Neke možete pogoditi - tako, Los Anđeles je „gluma“,

Some of these you can guess -- so, Los Angeles is "acting"

and San Francisco is "gay."

a San Francisko je „gej“.

Some are a little bit more heartbreaking.

Neki su malo više srceparajući.

U Baton Ružu govore o oblinama,

In Baton Rouge, they talk about being curvy;

nizvodno u Nju Orleansu još govore o poplavi.

downstream in New Orleans, they still talk about the flood.

Folks in the American capital will say they're interesting.

Ljudi u američkoj prestonici reći će da su zanimljivi.

People in Baltimore, Maryland, will say they're afraid.

Ljudi iz Baltimora u Merilendu reći će da su uplašeni.

This is New Jersey.

Ovo je Nju Džerzi.

I grew up somewhere between "annoying" and "cynical."

Odrastao sam negde između „iritantnog“ i „ciničnog“

(Laughter) (Applause)

(Smeh)

(Aplauz)

And New York City's number one word is "now,"

A reč broj jedan u Njujorku je „sada“,

as in, "Now I'm working as a waiter, but actually I'm an actor."

kao na primer: „Sada radim kao konobar, ali u stvari sam glumac.“

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Or, "Now I'm a professor of engineering at NYU, but actually I'm an artist."

Ili: „Sada sam profesor inženjerstva na Njujorškom univerzitetu,

ali zapravo sam umetnik.“

If you go upstate, you see "dinosaur."

Ako krenete ka severu države, videćete „dinosaurus“. To je Sirakuza.

That's Syracuse.

The best place to eat in Syracuse, New York,

Najbolje mesto sa hranom u Sirakuzi u Njujorku

is a Hell's Angels barbecue joint called Dinosaur Barbecue.

je roštiljarnica „Anđela pakla“ po imenu „Roštilj dinosaurus“.

That's where you would take somebody on a date.

Tamo biste odveli nekog na sastanak.

I live somewhere between "unconditional" and "midsummer," in Midtown Manhattan.

Živim negde između „bezuslovnog“ i „sredine leta“ u centru Menhetna.

And this is gentrified North Brooklyn,

Ovo je renovirani severni Bruklin,

so you've got "DJ" and "glamorous" and "hipsters" and "urbane."

tako da tu imate „di-džeja“, „glamurozno“, „hipstere“ i „urbane“.

So that's maybe a more democratic portrait.

Ovo može biti demokratičniji portret.

And the idea was, what if we made red-state and blue-state maps

Ideja je bila - šta ako napravimo mape crvenih i plavih država

based on what we want to do on a Friday night?

na osnovu toga šta bismo radili petkom uveče?

This is a self-portrait.

Ovo je autoportret.

This is based on my email,

Baziran je na mom imejlu,

about 500,000 emails sent over 20 years.

oko 500 000 imejlova poslatih tokom više od 20 godina.

You can think of this as a quantified selfie.

Možete ovo smatrati kvantifikovanim selfijem.

So what I'm doing is running a physics equation

Ono što radim jeste primena jednačine iz fizike

na osnovu mojih ličnih podataka.

based on my personal data.

You have to imagine everybody I've ever corresponded with.

Morate da zamislite sve ljude sa kojima sam se ikada dopisivao.

It started out in the middle and it exploded with a big bang.

Počelo je u sredini i eksplodiralo je kao veliki prasak.

And everybody has gravity to one another,

Svako ima silu teže u odnosu na druge,

gravity based on how much they've been emailing,

zasnovanu na tome koliko su mejlova slali,

who they've been emailing with.

sa kime su se dopisivali.

And it also does sentimental analysis,

Takođe se vrši i sentimentalna analiza,

so if I say "I love you," you're heavier to me.

tako da ako kažem „volim te“, imate veću težinu za mene

And you attract to my email addresses in the middle,

i privlače vas moje imejl adrese u sredini,

which act like mainline stars.

koje deluju kao glavne zvezde.

And all the names are handwritten.

Sva imena su ručno ispisana.

Sometimes you do this data and this work with real-time data

Ponekad dolazite do tih podataka i radite sa podacima u realnom vremenu

to illuminate a specific problem in a specific city.

da biste rasvetlili određeni problem u određenom gradu.

This is a Walther PPK 9mm semiautomatic handgun

Ovo je poluautomatski pištolj Volter PPK od 9 mm

that was used in a shooting in the French Quarter of New Orleans

koji je korišćen u pucnjavi u francuskoj četvrti u Nju Orleansu

about two years ago on Valentine's Day in an argument over parking.

pre oko dve godine na Dan zaljubljenih u raspravi zbog parkiranja.

To su moje cigarete.

Those are my cigarettes.

This is the house where the shooting took place.

Ovo je kuća gde se dogodila pucnjava.

This project involved a little bit of engineering.

Ovaj projekat je podrazumevao i malo inženjeringa.

Imam lanac bicikla koji je montiran kao bregasta osovina,

I've got a bike chain rigged up as a cam shaft,

with a computer driving it.

sa kompjuterom koji ga pokreće.

That computer and the mechanism are buried in a box.

Taj kompjuter i mehanizam su smešteni u kutiji.

The gun's on top welded to a steel plate.

Pištolj je na vrhu zavaren za čeličnu ploču.

There's a wire going through to the trigger,

Žica prolazi do okidača,

and the computer in the box is online.

a kompjuter u kutiji je povezan sa internetom.

It's listening to the 911 feed of the New Orleans Police Department,

On osluškuje telefonsku liniju policijske uprave Nju Orleansa,

so that anytime there's a shooting reported in New Orleans,

tako da svaki put kada neko prijavi pucnjavu u Nju Orleansu,

(Gunshot sound)

(Zvuk pucnja)

the gun fires.

pištolj opali.

Now, there's a blank, so there's no bullet.

U pitanju je ćorak, tako da nema metka.

There's big light, big noise

Tu je veliko svetlo, glasna buka

and most importantly, there's a casing.

i, što je najvažnije, tu je kutija.

There's about five shootings a day in New Orleans,

Dnevno ima oko 5 pucnjava u Nju Orleansu,

so over the four months this piece was installed,

tako da se, tokom četiri meseca otkako je ovo delo postavljeno,

the case filled up with bullets.

kutija ispunila mecima.

You guys know what this is -- you call this "data visualization."

Znate šta je ovo; to nazivate „vizualizacija podataka“.

When you do it right, it's illuminating.

Kada je dobro sprovodite, rasvetljava.

When you do it wrong, it's anesthetizing.

Kada je sprovodite loše, obesvešćuje.

It reduces people to numbers.

Svodi ljude na brojeve.

So watch out.

Stoga pazite.

One last piece for you.

Poslednje delo za vas.

I spent the last summer as the artist in residence

Proveo sam poslednje leto kao umetnik koji obitava

for Times Square.

na Tajms skveru.

And Times Square in New York is literally the crossroads of the world.

Tajms skver u Njujorku je bukvalno raskršće sveta.

One of the things people don't notice about it

Ono što ljudi ne primećuju u vezi sa njim

is it's the most Instagrammed place on Earth.

je da je to mesto na zemlji koje je najzastupljenije na Instagramu.

About every five seconds, someone commits a selfie

Otprilike na svakih pet sekundi, neko napravi selfi

in Times Square.

na Tajms skveru.

That's 17,000 a day, and I have them all.

To je 17 000 dnevno, a ja imam sve njih.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

These are some of them with their eyes centered.

Ovo su neki od njih sa centriranim očima.

Svaka civilizacija

Every civilization,

će iskoristiti maksimalni nivo dostupne tehnologije za umetnost.

will use the maximum level of technology available to make art.

And it's the responsibility of the artist to ask questions

Odgovornost je umetnika da postavi pitanja

about what that technology means

o tome šta ta tehnologija znači

and how it reflects our culture.

i kako odražava našu kulturu.

So I leave you with this: we're more than numbers.

Ostavljam vas sa ovim - mi predstavljamo više od brojeva.

We're people, and we have dreams and ideas.

Mi smo ljudi i imamo snove i ideje.

And reducing us to statistics is something that's done

Naše svođenje na statistiku je nešto što se radi

at our peril.

na našu štetu.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam mnogo.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)