What's the connection between sleep and Alzheimer's disease? | Sleeping with Science, a TED series

Transcriber: TED Translators admin Reviewer: Ivana Korom

We're now becoming aware of a significant relationship

Prevodilac: Jasmina Sevo Lektor: Ivana Korom

Sada postajemo svesni koliko je bitna veza

between sleep and Alzheimer's disease.

između spavanja i Alchajmerove bolesti.

[Sleeping with Science]

[Spavanje sa naukom]

Now, Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia

Dakle, Alchajmerova bolest je oblik demencije

typified usually by memory loss and memory decline.

koju obično karakteriše gubitak pamćenja i slabljenje memorije.

And what we've started to understand

I, počeli smo uviđati

is that there are several different proteins

da ima nekoliko različitih proteina

that seem to go awry in Alzheimer's disease.

koji se, izgleda, poremete u Alchajmerovoj bolesti.

One of those proteins is a sticky, toxic substance

Jedan od tih proteina je lepljiva, toksična supstanca,

called beta-amyloid that builds up in the brain.

po imenu beta-amiloid, koja se nakuplja u mozgu.

The other is something called tau protein.

Drugi je nešto što se zove tau protein.

How are these things related to sleep?

Kakve veze ove stvari imaju sa spavanjem?

Well first, if we look at a large-scale epidemiological level,

Kao prvo, ako pogledamo opsežni epidemiološki nivo,

what we know is that individuals

ono što znamo je da oni

who report sleeping typically less than six hours a night,

koji kažu da noću uglavnom spavaju manje od šest sati,

have a significantly higher risk

imaju znatno veći rizik

of going on to develop high amounts

da razviju visoke količine

of that beta-amyloid in their brain later in life.

tog beta-amiloida u mozgu kasnije u životu.

We also know that two sleep disorders,

Takođe znamo da su dva poremećaja spavanja,

including insomnia and sleep apnea, or heavy snoring,

uključujući nesanicu i apneju ili glasno hrkanje,

are associated with a significantly higher risk

povezani sa znatno većim rizikom

of Alzheimer's disease in late life.

da se Alchajmerova bolest pojavi kasnije u životu.

Those are, of course, simply associational studies.

Ovo su, naravno, samo udružene studije.

They don't prove causality.

One ne dokazuju uzročnost.

But more recently,

Ali, odnedavno,

we actually have identified that causal evidence.

mi zapravo jesmo identifikovali taj dokaz uzroka.

In fact, if you take a healthy human being

U stvari, ako uzmemo zdravo ljudsko biće

and you deprive them of sleep for just one night,

i oduzmemo mu san samo za jednu noć,

and the next day, we see an immediate increase

sledeći dan odmah će se videti porast

in that beta-amyloid,

u beta-amiloidu,

both circulating in their bloodstream,

i u cirkulaciji u krvotoku,

circulating in what we call the cerebrospinal fluid,

cirkulaciji u onome što zovemo cerebrospinalna tečnost,

and most recently, after just one night of sleep,

i nedavno, nakon samo jedne prespavane noći,

using special brain-imaging technology,

koristeći specijalnu tehnologiju za snimanje mozga,

scientists have found that there is an immediate increase

naučnici su otkrili da dolazi do trenutnog porasta

in beta-amyloid directly in the brain itself.

u količini beta-amiloida direktno u samom mozgu.

So that's the causal evidence.

Tako da je to dokaz uzroka.

What is it then about sleep

Šta je onda sa snom

that seems to provide a mechanism

koji, čini se, obezbeđuje mehanizam

that prevents the escalation

koji sprečava eskalaciju

of these Alzheimer's-related proteins?

ovih proteina povezanih sa Alchajmerom?

Well, several years ago,

Pa, pre nekoliko godina,

a scientist called Maiken Nedergaard

naučnica Mejken Nedergard

made a remarkable discovery.

je došla do izvanrednog otkrića.

What she identified was a cleansing system in the brain.

Ona je identifikovala sistem čišćenja u mozgu.

Now, before that,

E sad, pre toga,

we knew that the body had a cleansing system

znali smo da telo poseduje sistem čišćenja

and many of you may be familiar with this.

i mnogima od vas je ovo možda poznato.

It's called the lymphatic system.

To se zove limfni sistem.

But we didn't think that the brain had its own cleansing system.

Ali nismo znali da mozak ima svoj vlastiti sistem čišćenja.

And studying mice,

Dok je proučavala miševe,

she was actually able to identify a sewage system within the brain

ona je, zapravo, uspela da identifikuje sistem za čišćenje unutar mozga

called the glymphatic system,

po imenu glimfatički sistem,

named after the cells that make it up,

nazvan po ćelijama od kojih je sačinjen,

called these glial cells.

a to su glijalne ćelije.

Now, if that wasn't remarkable enough,

U slučaju da to ne bude dovoljno vredno pažnje,

she went on to make two more incredible discoveries.

išla je dalje i došla do još dva neverovatna otkrića.

First, what she found is that that cleansing system in the brain

Prvo, otkrila je da taj sistem pročišćavanja u mozgu

is not always switched on in high-flow volume

nije uvek podešen da bude na visokoj protočnosti

across the 24-hour period.

tokom 24 časa.

Instead, it was when those mice were actually sleeping,

Umesto toga, upravo dok su miševi spavali,

particularly when they went into deep non-REM sleep,

pogotovo kad su prešli u duboki ne-REM san,

that that cleansing system kicked into high gear.

je vreme kada sistem za pročišćavanje prelazi na najviši stepen.

The third component that she discovered,

Treća komponenta koju je otkrila,

and this is what makes it relevant

a upravo je to ta koja sve povezuje

to our discussion on Alzheimer's disease,

sa našim razgovorom o Alchajmerovoj bolesti,

is that one of the metabolic by-products,

a to je da jedan od metaboličkih nusproizvoda,

one of the toxins that was cleared away during sleep,

jedan od toksina koji su se pročistili tokom sna,

was that sticky, toxic protein, beta-amyloid,

je taj ljepljivi, toksični protein, beta amiloid,

linked to Alzheimer's disease.

povezan sa Alchajmerovom bolešću.

And just recently, scientists in Boston have discovered

I upravo nedavno su naučnici iz Bostona otkrili

a very similar type of pulsing, cleansing brain-mechanism

veoma sličan tip pulsirajućeg mehanizma čišćenja mozga

in human beings as well.

i kod ljudskih bića.

Now, some of this discussion may sound perhaps a little depressing.

Pa, neki delovi ove diskusije mogu možda zvučati malo depresivno.

We know that as we get older in life,

Znamo da kako starimo,

our sleep seems to typically decline,

čini se da kvalitet spavanja opada

and our risk for Alzheimer's generally increases.

i rizik od obolevanja od Alchajmera se generalno povećava.

But I think there's actually a silver lining here,

Ali mislim da, u stvari, ima tu i nešto dobro,

because unlike many of the other factors

jer, za razliku od mnogo drugih faktora

that are associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease,

koji su povezani sa starenjem i Alchajmerovom bolešću,

for example, changes in the physical structure of the brain,

na primer, promene u fizičkoj strukturi mozga,

those are fiendishly difficult to treat

one koje je vraški teško lečiti

and medicine doesn't have any good wholesale approaches right now.

i medicina, za sada, nema neki sveobuhvatan pristup.

But that sleep is a missing piece

Ali, da je san deo koji nedostaje

in the explanatory puzzle of aging and Alzheimer's disease

u toj slagalici objašnjenja veze starenja i Alchajmerove bolesti

is exciting because we may be able to do something about it.

je zanimljivo jer možda možemo nešto uraditi oko toga.

What if we could actually augment human sleep

Šta ako zapravo možemo poboljšati ljudski san

and try to improve the quality

i pokušati poboljšati kvalitet

of that deep sleep in midlife,

tog dubokog sna u srednjim godinama,

which is when we start to see the decline in deep sleep

jer tada počinjemo uviđati da opadanje dubokog sna

beginning to happen.

počinje.

What if we could actually shift

Šta ako bismo se mogli prebaciti

from a model of late-stage treatment in Alzheimer's disease

sa modela kasne faze lečenja Alchajmerove bolesi

to a model of midlife prevention?

na model prevencije u srednjim godinama?

Could we go from sick care to actually healthcare?

Možemo li preći sa bolesničke nege na zdravstvenu negu?

And by modifying sleep,

I promenom sna,

could we actually bend the arrow

možemo li, u stvari, saviti krivulju

of Alzheimer's disease risk down on itself?

rizika za Alchajmerovu bolest prema dole?

That's something that I'm incredibly excited about

Ovo je nešto oko čega sam neverovatno ushićen

and something that we're actively researching right now.

i nešto što upravo aktivno istražujemo.