Louise Fresco on feeding the whole world

Traducător: Anca Badea Corector: Brandusa Gheorghe

I'm not at all a cook.

Nu sunt bucatar.

So don't fear, this is not going to be a cooking demonstration.

Asa ca nu va temeti, aceasta nu va fi o demonstratie de gatit.

But I do want to talk to you about something

Dar vreau sa va vorbesc despre ceva

that I think is dear to all of us.

ce cred ca ne este drag tuturor.

And that is bread -- something which is as simple

Vreau sa va vorbesc despre paine - simpla

as our basic, most fundamental human staple.

noastra mancare de baza.

And I think few of us spend the day

Si cred ca putini dintre noi lasam sa treaca o zi

without eating bread in some form.

fara sa mancam paine intr-o forma sau alta.

Unless you're on one of these Californian low-carb diets,

Daca nu esti la o dieta californiana bazata pe consum redus de carbohidrati,

bread is standard.

painea e standard.

Bread is not only standard in the Western diet.

Painea nu este de baza numai in dieta vestica.

As I will show to you, it is actually

Asa cum o sa va arat, este de fapt

the mainstay of modern life.

baza vietii moderne.

So I'm going to bake bread for you.

Am sa coc paine pentru voi.

In the meantime I'm also talking to you,

In acelasi timp o sa va vorbesc.

so my life is going to be complicated. Bear with me.

Deci am o misiune complicata. Aveti radbare!

First of all, a little bit of audience participation.

In primul rand, am nevoie de putina participare din partea audientei.

I have two loaves of bread here.

Am aici doua paini.

One is a supermarket standard:

Una este painea standard de la supermarket,

white bread, pre-packaged,

paine alba, pre-ambalata,

which I'm told is called a Wonderbread.

care mi se spune ca se numeste "Painea Minune".

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

I didn't know this word until I arrived.

Nu stiam acest cuvant pana am veni aici.

And this is more or less,

Si aceasta este mai mult sau mai putin

a whole-meal, handmade,

o paine integrala, de casa,

small-bakery loaf of bread.

sau de mica brutarie.

Here we go. I want to see a show of hands.

Asa. Vreau sa ridicati mainile.

Who prefers the whole-meal bread?

Cine prefera painea integrala?

Okay let me do this differently. Is anybody preferring the Wonderbread at all?

Ei bine, sa facem in alt fel. E cineva care prefera "Painea Minune"?

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

I have two tentative male hands.

Vad ca doua maini de barbati incearca sa se ridice.

(Laughter)

(Rasete)

Okay, now the question is really,

Ei bine, acum intrebarea este,

why is this so?

de ce avem acest rezultat?

And I think it is because

Cred ca este deoarece

we feel that this kind of bread

credem ca acest tip de paine

really is about authenticity.

reprezinta autenticitatea.

It's about a traditional way of living.

Ca reprezinta un mod traditional de a trai.

A way that is perhaps more real, more honest.

Un mod de viata care este mai real, mai onest.

This is an image from Tuscany, where we feel

Aceasta este o imagine din Toscana, care ne face sa credem ca agricultura

agriculture is still about beauty.

inca inseamna frumusete.

And life is really, too.

Ca si viata in sine.

And this is about good taste, good traditions.

Asta inseamna bun gust si traditii frumoase.

Why do we have this image?

De ce avem aceasta imagine?

Why do we feel that this is more true than this?

De ce credem ca aceasta imagine e mai reala decat cealalta?

Well I think it has a lot to do with our history.

Ei bine, cred ca raspunsul tine in mare parte de istoria noastra.

In the 10,000 years since agriculture evolved,

De zici de mii de ani de evolutie a agriculturii,

most of our ancestors have actually been agriculturalists

majoritatea stramosilor nostri au fost agricultori

or they were closely related to food production.

sau erau foarte apropiati de producerea hranei.

And we have this mythical image

Si avem in minte aceasta imagine mitica

of how life was in rural areas in the past.

a cum era viata in mediul rural in trecut.

Art has helped us to maintain that kind of image.

Arta ne-a ajutat sa conservam acest tip de imagine.

It was a mythical past.

A fost un trecut mitic.

Of course, the reality is quite different.

Bineinteles, realitatea este oarecum diferita.

These poor farmers

Acesti fermieri saraci

working the land by hand or with their animals,

care lucrau pamantul cu mainile sau cu ajutorul animalelor,

had yield levels that are comparable

au avut un randament comparabil

to the poorest farmers today in West Africa.

cu cel al celor mai saraci fermieri care traiesc azi in vestul Africii.

But we have, somehow,

Dar, intr-un fel,

in the course of the last few centuries, or even decades,

in decursul ultimelor secole, sau chiar decade,

started to cultivate an image of

am inceput sa cultivam o imagine a

a mythical, rural agricultural past.

unui trecut agricultural mitic, rural.

It was only 200 years ago

Au trecut numai 200 de ani

that we had the advent of the Industrial Revolution.

de cand s-a produs Revolutia Industriala.

And while I'm starting to make some bread for you here,

Si in timp ce incep sa fac niste paine pentru voi aici,

it's very important to understand

este foarte important sa intelegem

what that revolution did to us.

impactul pe care l-a avut aceasta revolutie industriala asupra noastra.

It brought us power. It brought us mechanization, fertilizers.

Ne-a dat putere. Ne-a adus mecanizare, fertilizanti.

And it actually drove up our yields.

Si ne-a ridicat randamentul.

And even sort of horrible things, like picking beans by hand,

Si chiar si activitatile neplacute, ca adunatul boabelor de fasole cu mana,

can now be done automatically.

pot fi facute automat acum.

All that is a real, great improvement, as we shall see.

Toate acestea reprezinta o imbunatatire reala si mareata, asa cum vom vedea.

Of course we also, particularly in the last decade,

Bineinteles ca, in special in ultima decada,

managed to envelop the world

am reusit sa invaluim lumea

in a dense chain of supermarkets,

intr-o retea densa de supermarketuri,

in a chain of global trade.

intr-o retea a comertului mondial.

And it means that you now eat products,

Si asta inseamna ca acum putem manca produse

which can come from all around the world.

de peste tot din lume.

That is the reality of our modern life.

Aceasta e realitatea vietii noastre moderne.

Now you may prefer this loaf of bread.

Acum puteti alege aceasta paine.

Excuse my hands but this is how it is.

Scuzati felul cum imi arata mainile, dar asta este.

But actually the real relevant bread,

Dar de fapt adevarata paine,

historically, is this white Wonder loaf.

istoric vorbind, este painea alba "Minune".

And don't despise the white bread

Si nu respingeti painea alba

because it really, I think,

pentru ca, zic eu,

symbolizes the fact that bread and food

simbolizeaza faptul ca painea si mancarea

have become plentiful and affordable to all.

au devenit abundente si accesibile tuturor.

And that is a feat that we

Si acesta e un fapt de care

are not really conscious of that much.

nu suntem constienti asa de mult.

But it has changed the world.

Dar asta a schimbat lumea.

This tiny bread that is tasteless in some ways

Aceasta painica fara gust in anumite privinte

and has a lot of problems

si care are o multime de probleme

has changed the world.

a schimbat lumea.

So what is happening?

Deci ce se intampla?

Well the best way to look at that is to do a tiny bit of simplistic statistics.

Cel mai bun mod de a vedea ce se intampla e de a crea niste statistici simple.

With the advent of the Industrial Revolution

Odată cu apariţia revoluţiei industriale,

with modernization of agriculture

cu modernizarea agriculturii

in the last few decades, since the 1960s,

in ultimele decade, incepand cu anii '60,

food availability, per head, in this world,

disponibilitatea produselor alimentare, pe cap de locuitor, în lume,

has increased by 25 percent.

a crescut cu 25 la sută.

And the world population in the meantime has doubled.

Si in acest timp, populatia lumii s-a dublat.

That means that we have now more food available

Aceasta inseamna ca acum avem mai multe produse alimentare disponibile

than ever before in human history.

decat in orice alta perioada din istoria omenirii.

And that is the result, directly,

Acesta este in mod direct rezultatul

of being so successful

succesului

at increasing the scale and volume of our production.

cresterii in amploare şi volum a producţiei.

And this is true, as you can see, for all countries,

Si acest lucru este adevarat, dupa cum vedeti, pentru toate tarile,

including the so-called developing countries.

inclusiv asa-numitele tari in curs de dezvoltare.

What happened to our bread in the meantime?

Ce s-a intamplat cu painea noastra in acest timp?

As food became plentiful here,

Cum alimentele au devenit abundente,

it also meant that we were able to decrease

inseamna ca putem scadea numarul

the number of people working in agriculture

oamenilor care lucreaza in agricultura

to something like, on average, in the high income countries,

la ceva ca, daca privim tarile cu venituri ridicate,

five percent or less of the population.

5% sau mai putin, din populatie.

In the U.S. only one percent of the people are actually farmers.

In Statele Unite numai un procent din populatie sunt fermieri.

And it frees us all up to do other things --

Asta ne da mai mult timp pentru a face altceva --

to sit at TED meetings and not to worry about our food.

sa participam la intalnirile TED şi sa nu ne facem griji cu privire la alimente.

That is, historically, a really unique situation.

Istoric vorbind, aceasta este o situatie unica.

Never before has the responsibility to feed the world

Niciodata pana acum responsabilitatea de a hrani lumea

been in the hands of so few people.

nu a mai fost in mainile atator de putini oameni.

And never before have so many people

Si niciodata pana acum atat de multi oameni

been oblivious of that fact.

nu au stiut acest lucru.

So as food became more plentiful, bread became cheaper.

Deci, pe masura ce alimentele au devenit mai abundente, painea a devenit mai ieftina.

And as it became cheaper, bread manufacturers decided to add in all kinds of things.

Devenind mai ieftina, producatorii de paine au decis sa adauge diferite ingrediente.

We added in more sugar.

Au adaugat mai mult zahar.

We add in raisins and oil and milk

Au adaugat stafide si ulei si lapte

and all kinds of things to make bread,

si alte ingrediente care transforma painea,

from a simple food into kind of a support for calories.

de la un aliment simplu intr-un suport pentru calorii.

And today, bread now is associated with obesity,

Si asa, azi painea este asociata cu obezitatea,

which is very strange.

ceea ce este foarte ciudat.

It is the basic, most fundamental food

Este alimentul cel mai simplu si de baza

that we've had in the last ten thousand years.

pe care l-am consumat in ultimii zece mii de ani.

Wheat is the most important crop -- the first crop we domesticated

Graul este cea mai importanta cultura -- prima cultura domesticita

and the most important crop we still grow today.

si inca cea mai importanta cultura de astazi.

But this is now this strange concoction

Dar acum a aparut acest legatura ciudata

of high calories.

cu caloriile sporite.

And that's not only true in this country,

Si acest lucru nu se aplica numai in aceasta tara,

it is true all over the world.

ci peste tot in lume.

Bread has migrated to tropical countries,

Painea a migrat in tarile tropicale

where the middle classes now eat French rolls and hamburgers

unde clasa de mijloc mananca acum franzele si hamburgheri

and where the commuters

si unde navetistii

find bread much more handy to use

considera painea mult mai la indemana

than rice or cassava.

decat orezul sau casava.

So bread has become from a main staple,

Deci painea a devenit de la un aliment de baza,

a source of calories

o sursa de calorii

associated with obesity

asociata cu obezitatea

and also a source of modernity,

si in acelasi timp o sursa a

of modern life.

vietii moderne.

And the whiter the bread, in many countries, the better it is.

Si cu cat o paine este mai alba, cu atat este considerata mai buna, in multe tari.

So this is the story of bread as we know it now.

Deci aceasta este povestea painii asa cum o stim noi acum.

But of course the price of mass production

Dar bineinteles, pretul productiei in masa

has been that we moved large-scale.

este ca am avansat la scara larga.

And large-scale has meant destruction of many of our landscapes,

Si productia la scara larga a condus la distrugerea multora din peisaje,

destruction of biodiversity --

distrugerea biodiversitatii --

still a lonely emu here

inca un emu singuratic aici

in the Brazilian cerrado soybean fields.

in campurile braziliene de soia cerrado.

The costs have been tremendous --

Costurile au fost extraordinare --

water pollution, all the things you know about, destruction of our habitats.

poluarea apei, toate lucrurile despre care ati auzit, distrugerea habitatelor noastre.

What we need to do is to go back to understanding what our food is about.

Ceea ce trebuie să facem este să ne întoarcem la a înţelege ce este hrana.

And this is where I have to query all of you.

Si despre acest lucru trebuie sa va pun cateva intrebari.

How many of you can actually tell wheat apart from other cereals?

Cati dintre voi pot sa faca diferenta intre grau si alte cereale?

How many of you actually can make a bread

Cati dintre voi pot sa faca paine

in this way, without starting with a bread machine

in felul asta, fara a incepe cu masina de paine

or just some kind of packaged flavor?

sau cu ceva pre-ambalat?

Can you actually bake bread? Do you know how much a loaf of bread actually costs?

Puteti sa coaceti paine? Stiti cat costa exact o paine?

We have become very removed

Ne-am indepartat mult

from what our bread really is,

de ceea ce este painea cu adevarat,

which, again, evolutionarily speaking,

ceea ce, spun din nou, din punct de vedere al evolutiei,

is very strange.

este foarte ciudat.

In fact not many of you know that

De fapt, multi dintre voi nu stiu ca

our bread, of course, was not a European invention.

painea nu a fost o inventie europeana.

It was invented by farmers in Iraq

A fost inventata de fermieri in Iraq

and Syria in particular.

si Siria in special.

The tiny spike on the left to the center

Tepusa mica din stanga spre centru

is actually the forefather of wheat.

este de fapt stramosul graului.

This is where it all comes from,

De aici provine totul.

and where these farmers who actually, ten thousand years ago,

Si acesti fermieri care acum zece mii de ani

put us on the road of bread.

ne-au deschis drumul painii.

Now it is not surprising

Nu este surprinzator

that with this massification and large-scale production,

ca aceasta masificare şi producţie pe scară largă,

there is a counter-movement that emerged --

a declansat o miscare in sens opus --

very much also here in California.

de foarte mare amploare chiar si aici in California.

The counter-movement says, "Let's go back to this.

Aceasta miscare in sens opus spune: "Sa ne intoarcem la asta.

Let's go back to traditional farming.

Sa ne intoarcem la agricultura traditionala.

Let's go back to small-scale, to farmers' markets,

Sa ne intoarcem la scara mica, la pietele fermierilor,

small bakeries and all that." Wonderful.

la brutarii mici si toate acestea. Minunat.

Don't we all agree? I certainly agree.

Nu suntem cu totii de acord? Eu sunt cu siguranta de acord.

I would love to go back to Tuscany

Mi-ar face mare placere sa ma intorc la Toscana

to this kind of traditional setting,

la acest tip de decor tradiţional,

gastronomy, good food.

gastronomie, mancare buna.

But this is a fallacy.

Dar asta este o aberatie.

And the fallacy comes from idealizing

Şi eroarea provine de la idealizarea

a past that we have forgotten about.

unui trecut despre care am uitat.

If we do this, if we want to stay with traditional small-scale farming

Daca facem asta, daca vrem sa ramanem cu agricultura traditionala la scara mica,

we are going, actually, to relegate

vom retrograda, de fapt,

these poor farmers and their husbands --

aceste biete agricultoare si sotii lor,

among whom I have lived for many years,

printre care am trait multi ani,

working without electricity and water, to try to improve their food production --

lucrand fara electricitate si apa, incercand sa le imbunatatesc productia de alimente.

we relegate them to poverty.

Acest lucru ar insemna sa-i retrogradam la saracie.

What they want are implements

Ce vor ei sunt masuri

to increase their production:

care sa le creasca productia --

something to fertilize the soil,

ceva care sa fertilizeze solul,

something to protect their crop and to bring it to a market.

ceva care sa le protejeze cultura si sa le aduca recolta pe piata.

We cannot just think that small-scale

Nu ne putem imagina ca productia la scara mica

is the solution to the world food problem.

este solutia la problema alimentara mondiala.

It's a luxury solution for us who can afford it,

Este o solutie de lux pentru noi cei care ne-o permitem,

if you want to afford it.

daca vrem sa ne-o permitem.

In fact we do not want this poor woman

De fapt nu vrem ca aceasta biata femeie

to work the land like this.

sa lucreze pamantul in acest fel.

If we say just small-scale production,

Daca reducem productia la scara mica,

as is the tendency here,

asa cum este tendinta,

to go back to local food means that a poor man like Hans Rosling

a ne intoarcem la productia pe scara locala inseamna ca un biet om ca Hans Rosling

cannot even eat oranges anymore

nu va mai putea manca portocale

because in Scandinavia we don't have oranges.

pentru ca in Scandinavia nu sunt portocale.

So local food production is out.

Deci, producţia locală de alimente este exclusa.

But also we do not want

Si de asemenea nu vrem

to relegate to poverty in the rural areas.

sa retrogradam la saracie zonele rurale.

And we do not want to relegate

Si nu vrem sa retrogradam

the urban poor to starvation.

zonele urbane la infometare.

So we must find other solutions.

Deci trebuie sa gasim alte solutii.

One of our problems is that world food production

Una dintre problemele noastre e ca productia mondiala de alimente

needs to increase very rapidly --

trebuie sa cresca rapid --

doubling by about 2030.

sa se dubleze pana in 2030.

The main driver of that is actually meat.

Principalul actor al acestui proces este carnea.

And meat consumption in Southeast Asia and China in particular

Si consumul de carne in Asia de sud-est si China in special

is what drives the prices of cereals.

este ceea ce influenteaza preturile cerealelor.

That need for animal protein is going to continue.

Nevoia pentru proteine animale va continua.

We can discuss alternatives in another talk, perhaps one day,

Ne putem uita la alternative intr-o alta discutie, poate alta data.

but this is our driving force.

Dar aceasta este forta noastra motoare.

So what can we do?

Deci ce putem noi sa facem?

Can we find a solution to produce more?

Putem gasi o solutie de a produce mai mult?

Yes. But we need mechanization.

Da. Dar ne trebuie mecanizare.

And I'm making a real plea here.

Iar eu fac o adevarata pledoarie aici.

I feel so strongly that you cannot ask a small farmer

Si cred cu tarie ca nu-i putem cere unui mic agricultor

to work the land and bend over to grow a hectare of rice,

sa lucreze pamantul si sa se aplece pentru a creste un hectar de orez,

150,000 times, just to plant a crop and weed it.

de 150 de mii de ori, numai pentru a planta o cultura si a rari buruienile.

You cannot ask people to work under these conditions.

Nu poti cere oamenilor sa lucreze in aceste conditii.

We need clever low-key mechanization

Avem nevoie de o mecanizare simpla dar inteligenta

that avoids the problems of the large-scale mechanization that we've had.

care sa evite problemele de mecanizare pe scara larga pe care le-am avut.

So what can we do?

Deci ce putem face?

We must feed three billion people in cities.

Trebuie sa hranim 3 miliarde de oameni care traiesc in orase.

We will not do that through small farmers' markets

Nu vom face asta prin intermediul pietelor micilor fermieri

because these people have no small farmers' markets at their disposal.

pentru ca acesti oameni nu au mici piete de fermieri la dispozitie.

They have low incomes. And they benefit

Ei au venituri mici. Şi beneficiază

from cheap, affordable, safe and diverse food.

de pe urma produselor alimentare ieftine, accesibile, sigure şi diverse.

That's what we must aim for in the next 20 to 30 years.

Acesta trebuie sa fie obiectivul nostru in urmatorii 20-30 de ani.

But yes there are some solutions.

Dar exista solutii.

And let me just do one simple conceptual thing:

Si permiteti-mi sa explic un concept simplu:

if I plot science as a proxy

daca folosesc stiinta ca un reprezentant

for control of the production process and scale.

al controlului procesului si nivelului de productie.

What you see is that we've started

Ce vedeti este ca am inceput

in the left-hand corner with traditional agriculture,

cu agricultura traditionala,

which was sort of small-scale and low-control.

care se desfasura la scara mica si cu control redus.

We've moved towards large-scale and very high control.

Apoi am evoluat la scara larga si la control sporit.

What I want us to do is to keep up the science and even get more science in there

Ce vreau să facem e sa tinem pasul cu stiinta si sa implicam chiar mai multa stiinta in acest proces

but go to a kind of regional scale --

dar sa lucram la scara regionala --

not just in terms of the scale of the fields,

nu numai in ceea ce priveste amploarea domeniilor,

but in terms of the entire food network.

dar in ceea ce priveste intreaga retea de alimentare.

That's where we should move.

Asta e directia in care trebuie sa ne indreptam.

And the ultimate may be, but it doesn't apply to cereals,

Si esentialul poate fi, dar nu se aplica pentru cereale,

that we have entirely closed ecosystems --

ca avem ecosisteme total inchise --

the horticultural systems right at the top left-hand corner.

sistemele horticole in coltul din stanga sus.

So we need to think differently about agriculture science.

Deci, trebuie sa gandim diferit la stiinta agricola.

Agriculture science for most people -- and there are not many farmers

Stiinta agricola pentru majoritatea oamenilor, si nu sunt multi fermieri

among you here --

printre voi aici,

has this name of being bad,

are un nume rau,

of being about pollution, about large-scale,

ceva asociat cu poluarea, cu productia la scara larga,

about the destruction of the environment.

cu distrugerea mediului.

That is not necessary.

Ceva care nu e necesar.

We need more science and not less. And we need good science.

Avem nevoie de mai multa stiinta, nu de mai putina. Si avem nevoie de stiinta buna.

So what kind of science can we have?

Deci, ce fel de stiinta putem folosi?

Well first of all I think

In primul rand cred ca

we can do much better on the existing technologies.

putem sa folosim mai bine tehnologia existenta.

Use biotechnology where useful,

Trebuie sa folosim biodiversitatea unde este utila,

particularly in pest and disease resistance.

in special in rezistenta daunatorilor si a bolilor.

There are also robots, for example,

Exista roboti, de exemplu,

who can recognize weeds

care pot sa recunoasca buruieni

with a resolution of half an inch.

cu o rezolutie de jumatate de inch.

We have much cleverer irrigation.

Avem sisteme de irigatii mult mai inteligente.

We do not need to spill the water if we don't want to.

Nu trebuie sa risipim apa daca nu este nevoie.

And we need to think very dispassionately

Si trebuie sa ne gandim fara patima

about the comparative advantages

la avantajele comparative

of small-scale and large-scale.

ale productie la scara mica si la scara larga.

We need to think that land is multi-functional.

Trebuie sa ne gandim ca pamantul este multifunctional.

It has different functions.

Are functii diferite.

There are different ways in which we must use it --

Exista moduri diferite de a-l folosi --

for residential, for nature, for agriculture purposes.

in scopuri rezidentiale, naturale, agriculturale.

And we also need to re-examine livestock.

Trebuie sa reexaminam si animalele.

Go regional and go to urban food systems.

Trebuie sa alegem sistemele alimentare regionale si urbane.

I want to see fish ponds in parking lots and basements.

Vreau sa vad iazuri de peste in loturi de parcare si subsoluri.

I want to have horticulture

Vreau sa avem horticultura

and greenhouses on top of residential areas.

si sere pe acoperisul zonelor rezidentiale.

And I want to use the energy that comes from those greenhouses

Si vreau sa utilizam energia produsa de sere

and from the fermentation of crops

si din fermentarea culturilor

to heat our residential areas.

pentru incalzirea spatiilor rezidentiale.

There are all kinds of ways we can do it.

Sunt multe moduri in care putem sa facem acest lucru.

We cannot solve the world food problem

Nu putem sa rezolvam problema alimentatiei mondiale

by using biological agriculture.

folosind agricultura biologica.

But we can do a lot more.

Dar putem sa facem mai mult.

And the main thing that I would really ask all of you

Si cel mai important lucru pe care as vrea sa va rog

as you go back to your countries, or as you stay here:

fie ca va intoarceti in tarile de origine, sau ca ramaneti aici,

ask your government for an integrated food policy.

este sa cereti guverrnului vostru o politica alimentara integrata.

Food is as important as energy,

Alimentele sunt la fel de importante ca energia,

as security, as the environment.

ca siguranta, ca mediul.

Everything is linked together.

Totul este conectat.

So we can do that. In fact in a densely populated country

Deci, putem face asta. De fapt, intr-o tara dens populata

like the River Delta, where I live in the Netherlands,

ca River Delta, unde locuiesc in Olanda,

we have combined these functions.

am combinat aceste functii.

So this is not science fiction. We can combine things

Deci, asta nu este fictiune. Putem combina lucrurile

even in a social sense of making

chiar si intr-un sens social de a face

the rural areas more accessible to people --

zonele rurale mai accesibile pentru oameni --

to house, for example, the chronically sick.

pentru a acomoda, de exemplu, bolnavii cronici.

There is all kinds of things we can do.

Sunt o multime de lucruri pe care le putem face.

But there is something you must do. It's not enough for me to say,

Dar este ceva ce trebuie sa facem. Nu este suficient daca spun

"Let's get more bold science into agriculture."

"Haideti sa introducem mai multa stiinta avangardista in agricultura."

You must go back

Trebuie sa va intoarceti

and think about your own food chain.

si sa va ganditi la lantul vostru alimentar.

Talk to farmers. When was the last time

Vorbiti cu fermierii. Cand a fost ultima data

you went to a farm and talked to a farmer?

cand v-ati dus la o ferma si ati vorbit cu un fermier?

Talk to people in restaurants.

Vorbiti cu oamenii din restaurante.

Understand where you are in the food chain,

Intelegeti unde va aflati in lantul alimentar,

where your food comes from.

de unde vin alimentele voastre.

Understand that you are part

Intelegeti ca sunteti parte

of this enormous chain of events.

a acestui enorm lant de evenimente.

And that frees you up to do other things.

Si asta va elibereaza sa faceti alte lucruri.

And above all, to me, food is about respect.

Si mai mult decat orice, pentru mine, alimentele inseamna respect.

It's about understanding, when you eat,

Inseamna a intelege cand mancam

that there are also many people who are still in this situation,

ca sunt multi oameni care sunt inca in aceasta situatie,

who are still struggling for their daily food.

care inca se mai lupta pentru a procura hrana de zi cu zi.

And the kind of simplistic solutions that we sometimes have,

Si acest tip de solutii simple pe care le avem uneori,

to think that doing everything by hand

cum este ca a face totul manual

is going to be the solution,

reprezinta solutia,

is really not morally justified.

nu se justifica din punct de vedere moral.

We need to help to lift them out of poverty.

Trebuie sa-i ajutam sa iasa din saracie.

We need to make them proud of being a farmer

Trebuie sa-i facem sa se simta mandri ca sunt fermieri

because they allow us to survive.

pentru ca ei sunt cei care ne asigura supravietuirea.

Never before, as I said,

Niciodata pana acum, asa cum am spus,

has the responsibility for food

responsabilitatea pentru producerea hranei

been in the hands of so few.

nu a fost in mainile atator de putini oameni.

And never before have we had the luxury

Si niciodata pana acum nu am avut luxul

of taking it for granted

de a crede ca ni se cuvine

because it is now so cheap.

pentru ca acum este atat de ieftina.

And I think there is nobody else who has expressed

Si cred ca nu este nimeni altcineva care si-a exprimat

better, to me, the idea that food, in the end,

mai bine ideea ca hrana este la urma urmelor

in our own tradition, is something holy.

propria noastra traditie, ca este ceva sfant.

It's not about nutrients and calories.

Nu e vorba despre nutrienti si calorii.

It's about sharing. It's about honesty. It's about identity.

E vorba despre impartasire. E vorba despre onestitate. E vorba despre identitate.

Who said this so beautifully was Mahatma Gandhi,

Cel care a spus acest lucru atat de frumos a fost Mahatma Gandhi,

75 years ago, when he spoke about bread.

acum 75 de ani, cand a vorbit despre paine.

He did not speak about rice, in India. He said,

Nu a vorbit despre orez. In India a spus

"To those who have to go without two meals a day,

"Pentru cei care nu pot manca doua mese pe zi,

God can only appear as bread."

Dumnezeu poate aparea doar ca paine."

And so as I'm finishing my bread here --

Si asa sunt pe cale sa-mi termin de facut painea --

and I've been baking it, and I'll try not to burn my hands.

si a trebuit sa o coc. Si voi incerca sa nu-mi ard mainile.

Let me share

Haide sa o impart

with those of you here in the first row.

cu cei care sunt in primul rand aici.

Let me share some of the food with you.

Lasati-ma sa impart niste mancare voi.

Take some of my bread.

Luati un pic din painea mea.

And as you eat it, and as you try it --

Si in timp ce o mancati si o incercati --

please come and stand up.

va rog veniti si sa va ridicati.

Have some of it.

Luati putin din ea.

I want you to think that every bite connects you

Vreau sa va ganditi ca fiecare inghititura va conecteaza cu

to the past and the future:

trecutul si cu viitorul,

to these anonymous farmers,

cu acei fermieri anonimi,

that first bred the first wheat varieties;

care au facut paine pentru prima data din primele soiuri de grau,

and to the farmers of today,

si cu fermierii de azi,

who've been making this. And you don't even know who they are.

care fac acest tip de paine. Si nici macar nu stiti cine sunt.

Every meal you eat

Fiecare masa pe care o mancati

contains ingredients from all across the world.

contine ingrediente de peste tot din lume.

Everything makes us so privileged,

Suntem atat de privilegiati

that we can eat this food, that we don't struggle every day.

ca putem manca aceste alimente si ca nu ne chinuim in fiecare zi.

And that, I think,

Si cred ca acest lucru

evolutionarily-speaking is unique.

este unic, evolutiv vorbind.

We've never had that before.

Niciodata nu s-a mai intamplat asa ceva.

So enjoy your bread.

Bucurati-va deci de paine.

Eat it, and feel privileged.

Mancati-o si simtiti-va privilegiati.

Thank you very much.

Multumesc foarte mult.

(Applause)

(Aplauze)