Louise Fresco on feeding the whole world

67,167 views ใƒป 2009-05-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jongyoon Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Lee Shi-Nae
00:12
I'm not at all a cook.
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์ €๋Š” ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
So don't fear, this is not going to be a cooking demonstration.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ฌด์„œ์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ์š”๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:17
But I do want to talk to you about something
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ
00:19
that I think is dear to all of us.
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๋ฌด์—‡์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
And that is bread -- something which is as simple
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋นต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
as our basic, most fundamental human staple.
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๋นต์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:29
And I think few of us spend the day
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์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ๋“  ๋นต์„ ๋จน์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
00:32
without eating bread in some form.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
Unless you're on one of these Californian low-carb diets,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์‹ ์ €ํƒ„์ˆ˜ํ™”๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด,
00:39
bread is standard.
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๋นต์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Bread is not only standard in the Western diet.
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๊ผญ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ์‹๋‹จ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
00:43
As I will show to you, it is actually
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์ฐจ์ฐจ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋นต์€
00:45
the mainstay of modern life.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŒ€๋ชฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
So I'm going to bake bread for you.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นต์„ ๊ตฌ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
In the meantime I'm also talking to you,
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๋นต์„ ๊ตฝ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž ๊น ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:53
so my life is going to be complicated. Bear with me.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ •์‹ ์ด ์—†์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋ถ€๋”” ์ดํ•ดํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
00:56
First of all, a little bit of audience participation.
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๋จผ์ €, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
I have two loaves of bread here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋นต ๋‘ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
One is a supermarket standard:
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ํฌ์žฅ๋œ
01:06
white bread, pre-packaged,
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ํฐ ์‹๋นต์œผ๋กœ์„œ
01:08
which I'm told is called a Wonderbread.
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'์›๋”๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋“œ'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:12
I didn't know this word until I arrived.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋นต ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”.
01:14
And this is more or less,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด ๋นต์€
01:17
a whole-meal, handmade,
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์ž‘์€ ๋นต์ง‘์—์„œ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ 
01:19
small-bakery loaf of bread.
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ํ†ต๋ฐ€๋นต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
Here we go. I want to see a show of hands.
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ์†์„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
01:24
Who prefers the whole-meal bread?
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๋‘˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ ํ†ต๋ฐ€๋นต์„ ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„?
01:29
Okay let me do this differently. Is anybody preferring the Wonderbread at all?
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . '์›๋”๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋“œ'๋ฅผ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ์—†๋‚˜์š”?
01:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:34
I have two tentative male hands.
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์†๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ €ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๋ช…์˜ ๋‚จ์ž๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:41
Okay, now the question is really,
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์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ ธ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€
01:44
why is this so?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๊ฐ€? ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And I think it is because
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”,
01:48
we feel that this kind of bread
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋นต์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋œ ๋นต์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
01:51
really is about authenticity.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
It's about a traditional way of living.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋นต์ด ์ „ํ†ต์  ์ƒํ™œ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:57
A way that is perhaps more real, more honest.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์ •์งํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง„์‹ค ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
This is an image from Tuscany, where we feel
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํˆฌ์Šค์นด๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ
02:04
agriculture is still about beauty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์—…์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
And life is really, too.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ถ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
02:08
And this is about good taste, good traditions.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋ง›์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Why do we have this image?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:14
Why do we feel that this is more true than this?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ด ๋นต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ฐธ๋˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„๊นŒ์š”?
02:19
Well I think it has a lot to do with our history.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
In the 10,000 years since agriculture evolved,
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๋†์—…์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์˜จ ์ง€๋‚œ 10,000๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
02:25
most of our ancestors have actually been agriculturalists
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋†์‚ฌ๊พผ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
02:29
or they were closely related to food production.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
And we have this mythical image
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ์‹œ๊ณจ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
02:34
of how life was in rural areas in the past.
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์‹ ๋น„ํ•œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:38
Art has helped us to maintain that kind of image.
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์˜ˆ์ˆ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
It was a mythical past.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๋น„์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
02:44
Of course, the reality is quite different.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ์ข€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
These poor farmers
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์€
02:48
working the land by hand or with their animals,
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๋…ธ๋™์ด๋‚˜ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋•…์„ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ,
02:50
had yield levels that are comparable
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ
02:53
to the poorest farmers today in West Africa.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ™•์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
But we have, somehow,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:58
in the course of the last few centuries, or even decades,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„
03:02
started to cultivate an image of
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹ ๋น„์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ์ „์›์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
03:04
a mythical, rural agricultural past.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋†์ดŒ์˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
It was only 200 years ago
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ง€
03:10
that we had the advent of the Industrial Revolution.
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๋ถˆ๊ณผ 200๋…„ ๋‚จ์ง“ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
And while I'm starting to make some bread for you here,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋นต์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
03:16
it's very important to understand
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:18
what that revolution did to us.
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์ดํ•ดํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
It brought us power. It brought us mechanization, fertilizers.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ํ™”ํ•™๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์„ ์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
And it actually drove up our yields.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
And even sort of horrible things, like picking beans by hand,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์ผ์ด ์ฝฉ์„ ์ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ๋“ค์„
03:33
can now be done automatically.
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์ด์ œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
All that is a real, great improvement, as we shall see.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Of course we also, particularly in the last decade,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”, ํŠนํžˆ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„๋™์•ˆ
03:45
managed to envelop the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด˜์ด˜ํ•œ ์Šˆํผ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์ฒด์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ
03:47
in a dense chain of supermarkets,
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์—ญ๋ง์œผ๋กœ
03:50
in a chain of global trade.
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๋ฌถ์–ด๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
And it means that you now eat products,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด์ œ
03:55
which can come from all around the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์„ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
That is the reality of our modern life.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
Now you may prefer this loaf of bread.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ด ํ†ต๋ฐ€๋นต์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Excuse my hands but this is how it is.
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์†์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–‘ํ•ด๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด ์›๋ž˜ ์ด๋ž˜์š”.
04:08
But actually the real relevant bread,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋นต์€
04:11
historically, is this white Wonder loaf.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ํฐ '์›๋”๋ธŒ๋ ˆ๋“œ'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
And don't despise the white bread
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์ด ํฐ ์‹๋นต์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
04:18
because it really, I think,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋นต์ด
04:21
symbolizes the fact that bread and food
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋นต๊ณผ ์Œ์‹์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์‹ค์„
04:24
have become plentiful and affordable to all.
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์ƒ์ง•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
And that is a feat that we
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ‰์†Œ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:30
are not really conscious of that much.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
But it has changed the world.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋นต์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
This tiny bread that is tasteless in some ways
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์ด ์ž‘์€ ๋นต์ด, ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง›์ด ์—†๊ณ 
04:38
and has a lot of problems
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๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
04:40
has changed the world.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
So what is happening?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:45
Well the best way to look at that is to do a tiny bit of simplistic statistics.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ๋„๋ž˜์™€
04:52
with modernization of agriculture
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋†์—…์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด,
04:54
in the last few decades, since the 1960s,
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1960๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ
04:58
food availability, per head, in this world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 1์ธ๋‹น ์‹๋Ÿ‰์†Œ๋น„๋Š”
05:01
has increased by 25 percent.
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25ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And the world population in the meantime has doubled.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
That means that we have now more food available
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์ด ๋ง์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„
05:11
than ever before in human history.
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์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
And that is the result, directly,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ
05:15
of being so successful
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€์‹œ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:17
at increasing the scale and volume of our production.
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์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
And this is true, as you can see, for all countries,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์†Œ์œ„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
05:24
including the so-called developing countries.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
What happened to our bread in the meantime?
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๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ ๋นต์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:29
As food became plentiful here,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์  ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
05:31
it also meant that we were able to decrease
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๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๋ฅผ
05:33
the number of people working in agriculture
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์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
to something like, on average, in the high income countries,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ด ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:41
five percent or less of the population.
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์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 5% ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
In the U.S. only one percent of the people are actually farmers.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‹จ 1%๋งŒ์ด ๋†์—…์— ์ข…์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And it frees us all up to do other things --
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
to sit at TED meetings and not to worry about our food.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋จน์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  TED ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:55
That is, historically, a really unique situation.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, ๋งค์šฐ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
Never before has the responsibility to feed the world
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทน์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
06:03
been in the hands of so few people.
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๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And never before have so many people
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
06:08
been oblivious of that fact.
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๋ฌด์ง€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:11
So as food became more plentiful, bread became cheaper.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์  ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๋นต์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์ ์  ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
And as it became cheaper, bread manufacturers decided to add in all kinds of things.
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ œ๋นต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋นต์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
We added in more sugar.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„คํƒ•์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
We add in raisins and oil and milk
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฑดํฌ๋„, ์˜ค์ผ, ์šฐ์œ  ๋“ฑ
06:27
and all kinds of things to make bread,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋ฌผ์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
from a simple food into kind of a support for calories.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋นต์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์Œ์‹์—์„œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
And today, bread now is associated with obesity,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ๋นต์ด ๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์ง€์š”.
06:38
which is very strange.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
It is the basic, most fundamental food
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๋นต์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 10,000์—ฌ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
06:42
that we've had in the last ten thousand years.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:45
Wheat is the most important crop -- the first crop we domesticated
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๋ฐ€์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:49
and the most important crop we still grow today.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
But this is now this strange concoction
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋นต์ด ๊ณ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์˜
06:54
of high calories.
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์ด์ƒํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์‹ํ’ˆ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
And that's not only true in this country,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
06:59
it is true all over the world.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Bread has migrated to tropical countries,
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๋นต์€ ์ด์ œ ์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊นŒ์ง€ ํผ์ ธ์„œ
07:03
where the middle classes now eat French rolls and hamburgers
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์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋กค๊ณผ ํ–„๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ณ 
07:07
and where the commuters
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์ถœํ‡ด๊ทผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:10
find bread much more handy to use
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๋ฐฅ์ด๋‚˜ ์นด์‚ฌ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋‹ค
07:12
than rice or cassava.
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๋นต์„ ๋” ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So bread has become from a main staple,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋นต์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ
07:18
a source of calories
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๋น„๋งŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ,
07:20
associated with obesity
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ˜„๋Œ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์—์„œ
07:22
and also a source of modernity,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ
07:24
of modern life.
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๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
And the whiter the bread, in many countries, the better it is.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋นต์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
So this is the story of bread as we know it now.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
But of course the price of mass production
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:36
has been that we moved large-scale.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
And large-scale has meant destruction of many of our landscapes,
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
07:43
destruction of biodiversity --
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ์ €ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
07:45
still a lonely emu here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์„ธ๋ผ๋„์˜ ํ•œ ์ฝฉ๋ฐญ์—
07:47
in the Brazilian cerrado soybean fields.
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์™ธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„œ์žˆ๋Š” ์—๋ฎค๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
The costs have been tremendous --
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๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
water pollution, all the things you know about, destruction of our habitats.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ค์—ผ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€ ํŒŒ๊ดด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
What we need to do is to go back to understanding what our food is about.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
And this is where I have to query all of you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ง€๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
How many of you can actually tell wheat apart from other cereals?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ€๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณก๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:07
How many of you actually can make a bread
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ œ๋นต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:10
in this way, without starting with a bread machine
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํŒจํ‚ค์ง€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
08:13
or just some kind of packaged flavor?
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋นต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:17
Can you actually bake bread? Do you know how much a loaf of bread actually costs?
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๋นต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋นต ํ•œ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ˆ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
08:21
We have become very removed
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋นต์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:23
from what our bread really is,
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
which, again, evolutionarily speaking,
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์•ž์—์„œ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ง„ํ™”์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
08:27
is very strange.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
In fact not many of you know that
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
08:31
our bread, of course, was not a European invention.
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๋นต์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
It was invented by farmers in Iraq
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋ผํฌ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด
08:35
and Syria in particular.
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๋นต์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
The tiny spike on the left to the center
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์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์˜ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋พฐ์กฑํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
08:40
is actually the forefather of wheat.
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๋ฐ€์˜ ์„ ์กฐ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณก๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
This is where it all comes from,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
08:45
and where these farmers who actually, ten thousand years ago,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์—ฌ๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ๋นต์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
08:48
put us on the road of bread.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋นต์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
Now it is not surprising
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:53
that with this massification and large-scale production,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Š” ์šด๋™์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„
08:56
there is a counter-movement that emerged --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
very much also here in California.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
The counter-movement says, "Let's go back to this.
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์ด ์šด๋™์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
Let's go back to traditional farming.
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"์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋†์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž.
09:05
Let's go back to small-scale, to farmers' markets,
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์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ 
09:09
small bakeries and all that." Wonderful.
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์ž‘์€ ๋นต์ง‘์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ž." ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ง์ด๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
Don't we all agree? I certainly agree.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? ์ €๋Š” ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
I would love to go back to Tuscany
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์ €๋„ ํˆฌ์Šค์นด๋‹ˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
09:16
to this kind of traditional setting,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๋ฆฌ๋œ
09:18
gastronomy, good food.
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์ข‹์€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
But this is a fallacy.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—ˆ์ƒ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
And the fallacy comes from idealizing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ—ˆ์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ
09:25
a past that we have forgotten about.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์ƒํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
If we do this, if we want to stay with traditional small-scale farming
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋†์—…๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:32
we are going, actually, to relegate
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚จํŽธ๋“ค์„
09:35
these poor farmers and their husbands --
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:38
among whom I have lived for many years,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณธ ๋ฐ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:40
working without electricity and water, to try to improve their food production --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋„ ์—†์ด, ์‹๋Ÿ‰์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
we relegate them to poverty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ ์†์— ๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
What they want are implements
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
09:48
to increase their production:
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
something to fertilize the soil,
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ํ™์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆด ๋น„๋ฃŒ,
09:52
something to protect their crop and to bring it to a market.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์„ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋‚ด๋‹คํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋” ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด ์ค„ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
We cannot just think that small-scale
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋ฌธ์ œ์˜
09:57
is the solution to the world food problem.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:00
It's a luxury solution for us who can afford it,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋“ค๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์น˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
if you want to afford it.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:05
In fact we do not want this poor woman
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์—ฌ์ธ์ด
10:07
to work the land like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋•…์„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
If we say just small-scale production,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ
10:11
as is the tendency here,
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์ง€์—ญ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ฒด์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:13
to go back to local food means that a poor man like Hans Rosling
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ํ•œ์Šค ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ง๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
10:16
cannot even eat oranges anymore
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
because in Scandinavia we don't have oranges.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์Šค์นธ๋””๋‚˜๋น„์•„์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋ Œ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
So local food production is out.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ฒด์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ต์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
But also we do not want
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๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
10:25
to relegate to poverty in the rural areas.
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๋†์ดŒ์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
And we do not want to relegate
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์ด ๊ตถ์ฃผ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฒช๋„๋ก
10:30
the urban poor to starvation.
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๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค๋‘๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
So we must find other solutions.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
One of our problems is that world food production
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋œจ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
10:38
needs to increase very rapidly --
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด 2030๋…„๊นŒ์ง€,
10:40
doubling by about 2030.
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์•ฝ 2๋ฐฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
The main driver of that is actually meat.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ฃผ์š”์ธ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์œก๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
And meat consumption in Southeast Asia and China in particular
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์œก๋ฅ˜์†Œ๋น„๋Ÿ‰์ด
10:49
is what drives the prices of cereals.
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๊ณก๋ฌผ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ ์ƒ์Šน์„ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
That need for animal protein is going to continue.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
We can discuss alternatives in another talk, perhaps one day,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:01
but this is our driving force.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฃผ๋œ ์š”์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
So what can we do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–กํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:05
Can we find a solution to produce more?
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:09
Yes. But we need mechanization.
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๋„ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:13
And I'm making a real plea here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค ๊ผญ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
I feel so strongly that you cannot ask a small farmer
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์†Œ์ž‘๋†์—๊ฒŒ ์†์œผ๋กœ 1ํ—ฅํƒ€๋ฅด์˜ ์Œ€๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ ,
11:19
to work the land and bend over to grow a hectare of rice,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋ฝ‘๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
11:22
150,000 times, just to plant a crop and weed it.
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๋ชธ์„ 15๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
You cannot ask people to work under these conditions.
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๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
We need clever low-key mechanization
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„
11:32
that avoids the problems of the large-scale mechanization that we've had.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•œ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
So what can we do?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:38
We must feed three billion people in cities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” 30์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋จน์—ฌ ์‚ด๋ ค์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
We will not do that through small farmers' markets
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ .
11:43
because these people have no small farmers' markets at their disposal.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ์œ„์—๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ์žฌ๋ž˜์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:47
They have low incomes. And they benefit
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
from cheap, affordable, safe and diverse food.
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์‹ธ๊ณ , ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์Œ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
That's what we must aim for in the next 20 to 30 years.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด 20~30๋…„ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ฃ .
11:56
But yes there are some solutions.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:58
And let me just do one simple conceptual thing:
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:02
if I plot science as a proxy
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๊ณผํ•™์„ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ณ 
12:05
for control of the production process and scale.
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๊ทธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:09
What you see is that we've started
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๋†์—…๋ฐฉ์‹์ด
12:11
in the left-hand corner with traditional agriculture,
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์ €๊ธฐ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์•„๋žซ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
which was sort of small-scale and low-control.
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์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ, ์ €ํ†ต์ œ์ ์ธ ๋†์—…์ด์ฃ .
12:17
We've moved towards large-scale and very high control.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ, ๊ณ ํ†ต์ œ์ ์ธ ๋†์—…์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
What I want us to do is to keep up the science and even get more science in there
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
12:26
but go to a kind of regional scale --
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์ง€์—ญ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋†์—…์— ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
not just in terms of the scale of the fields,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:30
but in terms of the entire food network.
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์ „์ฒด ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:33
That's where we should move.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
And the ultimate may be, but it doesn't apply to cereals,
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๊ณก๋ฌผ์—” ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
12:38
that we have entirely closed ecosystems --
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ซํžŒ[ํ†ต์ œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ] ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
the horticultural systems right at the top left-hand corner.
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์™ผ์ชฝ ์œ„์˜ ์›์˜ˆ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:45
So we need to think differently about agriculture science.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋†์—…๊ณผํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
Agriculture science for most people -- and there are not many farmers
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๋†์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:51
among you here --
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๋†์—…๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ณดํ†ต
12:53
has this name of being bad,
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๋‚˜์œ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
of being about pollution, about large-scale,
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์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋“ ์ง€, ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๋“ ์ง€,
12:58
about the destruction of the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹์ด์ฃ .
13:00
That is not necessary.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ธ์‹์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
We need more science and not less. And we need good science.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ข‹์€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
So what kind of science can we have?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
13:07
Well first of all I think
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๋จผ์ € ์ €๋Š” ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ๋„
13:09
we can do much better on the existing technologies.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
Use biotechnology where useful,
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:14
particularly in pest and disease resistance.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณ‘์ถฉํ•ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ์š”.
13:17
There are also robots, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:19
who can recognize weeds
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์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š”
13:21
with a resolution of half an inch.
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0.5์ธ์น˜์งœ๋ฆฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
We have much cleverer irrigation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ด€๊ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:26
We do not need to spill the water if we don't want to.
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๊ตณ์ด ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:30
And we need to think very dispassionately
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์—…๊ณผ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋†์—…์˜
13:33
about the comparative advantages
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๋น„๊ต์šฐ์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
13:35
of small-scale and large-scale.
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๋ƒ‰์ฒ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
We need to think that land is multi-functional.
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๋•…์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
13:40
It has different functions.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:42
There are different ways in which we must use it --
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ž์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋†๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
13:45
for residential, for nature, for agriculture purposes.
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์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
And we also need to re-examine livestock.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ถ•์‚ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Go regional and go to urban food systems.
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์ง€์—ญ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ฒด๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
I want to see fish ponds in parking lots and basements.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฐจ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ชป์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:58
I want to have horticulture
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์˜ฅ์ƒ์—
14:00
and greenhouses on top of residential areas.
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์˜จ์‹ค๊ณผ ์›์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:03
And I want to use the energy that comes from those greenhouses
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜จ์‹ค์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€
14:06
and from the fermentation of crops
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๊ณก๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐœํšจ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ
14:08
to heat our residential areas.
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
There are all kinds of ways we can do it.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
We cannot solve the world food problem
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋†์—…์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ์€
14:14
by using biological agriculture.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
But we can do a lot more.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:19
And the main thing that I would really ask all of you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถ€ํƒ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
14:22
as you go back to your countries, or as you stay here:
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ, ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ฉด์„œ
14:25
ask your government for an integrated food policy.
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์ •๋ถ€์— ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
Food is as important as energy,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€, ์•ˆ๋ณด,
14:32
as security, as the environment.
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Everything is linked together.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:36
So we can do that. In fact in a densely populated country
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ง‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
14:39
like the River Delta, where I live in the Netherlands,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ๋ฆฌ๋ฒ„ ๋ธํƒ€์—์„œ๋Š”
14:42
we have combined these functions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
So this is not science fiction. We can combine things
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™์†Œ์„ค ๊ฐ™์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
even in a social sense of making
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์˜์‹์€
14:49
the rural areas more accessible to people --
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๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์•“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
14:51
to house, for example, the chronically sick.
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๊ต์™ธ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ฌถ์–ด ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
There is all kinds of things we can do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
But there is something you must do. It's not enough for me to say,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ . ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ œ๊ฐ€
14:59
"Let's get more bold science into agriculture."
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"๋†์—…์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
You must go back
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ,
15:04
and think about your own food chain.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
15:06
Talk to farmers. When was the last time
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๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
15:08
you went to a farm and talked to a farmer?
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๋†๋ถ€์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ธ์ œ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
15:10
Talk to people in restaurants.
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์Œ์‹์ ์˜ ์ง์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:12
Understand where you are in the food chain,
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์‹๋Ÿ‰ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ง์—์„œ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์ธ์ง€,
15:14
where your food comes from.
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์Œ์‹์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
15:16
Understand that you are part
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ง์˜ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ
15:18
of this enormous chain of events.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋†์—…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
15:20
And that frees you up to do other things.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:23
And above all, to me, food is about respect.
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๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„, ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์Œ์‹์ด๋ž€ ์กด๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
It's about understanding, when you eat,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ,
15:29
that there are also many people who are still in this situation,
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์•„์ง๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ,
15:33
who are still struggling for their daily food.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์Œ์‹์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ„ํˆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
15:36
And the kind of simplistic solutions that we sometimes have,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค,
15:39
to think that doing everything by hand
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‹์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
15:41
is going to be the solution,
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด
15:43
is really not morally justified.
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๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฉ๋‚ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
We need to help to lift them out of poverty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋„์™€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
We need to make them proud of being a farmer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋†๋ถ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
because they allow us to survive.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:55
Never before, as I said,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
15:57
has the responsibility for food
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
15:59
been in the hands of so few.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์กŒ๋˜ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
And never before have we had the luxury
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š”
16:03
of taking it for granted
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์‚ฌ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
because it is now so cheap.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:08
And I think there is nobody else who has expressed
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜
16:10
better, to me, the idea that food, in the end,
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์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ค€ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์€ "์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์€
16:14
in our own tradition, is something holy.
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๊ฒฝ๊ฑดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค." ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
It's not about nutrients and calories.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์˜์–‘์†Œ์™€ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
It's about sharing. It's about honesty. It's about identity.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋‚˜๋ˆ”์ด๊ณ , ์ •์ง์ด๊ณ , ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:23
Who said this so beautifully was Mahatma Gandhi,
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์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งˆํ•˜ํŠธ๋งˆ ๊ฐ„๋””์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
75 years ago, when he spoke about bread.
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75๋…„ ์ „, ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋นต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:29
He did not speak about rice, in India. He said,
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์Œ€์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
16:32
"To those who have to go without two meals a day,
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"ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‘ ๋ผ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋จน์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
16:36
God can only appear as bread."
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์‹ ์€ ์˜ค์ง ๋นต์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
And so as I'm finishing my bread here --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋นต์„ ๋‹ค ๊ตฝ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ,
16:43
and I've been baking it, and I'll try not to burn my hands.
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์†์„ ๋ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
16:47
Let me share
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์ด ๋นต์„
16:49
with those of you here in the first row.
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์•ž์ค„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
Let me share some of the food with you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์Œ์‹์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
Take some of my bread.
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์ œ ๋นต์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
16:55
And as you eat it, and as you try it --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋นต์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ,
16:58
please come and stand up.
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์ด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
17:00
Have some of it.
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์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋–ผ์–ด ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
17:02
I want you to think that every bite connects you
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๋นต์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€
17:05
to the past and the future:
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ฐ€,
17:07
to these anonymous farmers,
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๋งจ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐ€์„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ
17:09
that first bred the first wheat varieties;
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์ด๋ฆ„์—†๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ,
17:13
and to the farmers of today,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€
17:15
who've been making this. And you don't even know who they are.
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…จ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”.
17:18
Every meal you eat
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋จน๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์‹์€
17:20
contains ingredients from all across the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜จ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
Everything makes us so privileged,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
17:27
that we can eat this food, that we don't struggle every day.
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๋งค์ผ์„ ์—ผ๋ คํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํฐ ํŠน๊ถŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
And that, I think,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ ์ด
17:32
evolutionarily-speaking is unique.
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์ง„ํ™”์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:34
We've never had that before.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ์ ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
So enjoy your bread.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋นต์„ ์ฆ๊ธฐ์„ธ์š”.
17:38
Eat it, and feel privileged.
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๋“œ์„ธ์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠน๊ถŒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ƒ๊ธฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
17:40
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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