LaToya Ruby Frazier: A visual history of inequality in industrial America | TED

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2015-06-18 ใƒป TED


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LaToya Ruby Frazier: A visual history of inequality in industrial America | TED

41,320 views ใƒป 2015-06-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ChulGi Han ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Along the ancient path of the Monongahela River,
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๋ชจ๋…ธ๊ฐ€ํ—ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ•์˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๋ฌผ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
00:17
Braddock, Pennsylvania sits in the eastern region of Allegheny County,
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์•Œ๋ ˆ๊ฒŒ๋‹ˆ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ ๋™์ชฝ์ง€์—ญ์— ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์˜ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
approximately nine miles outside of Pittsburgh.
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ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์—์„œ 9๋งˆ์ผ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
00:28
An industrial suburb,
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์‚ฐ์—…๋‹จ์ง€์ธ
00:30
Braddock is home to Andrew Carnegie's first steel mill,
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๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋…์€ ์•ค๋“œ๋ฅ˜์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฒซ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•๊ณต์žฅ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์„  ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
the Edgar Thomson Works.
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์—๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํ†ฐ์Šจ ๊ณต์žฅ์€ 1875๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
00:37
Operating since 1875,
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00:39
it is the last functioning steel mill in the region.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•๊ณต์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
For 12 years, I have produced collaborative portraits,
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12๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์ง„,
00:50
still lifes, landscapes and aerial views
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์ฒ ๊ฐ•์—…์˜ ์‚ถ, ํ’๊ฒฝ, ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ง„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
in order to build a visual archive to address the intersection
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ €ํฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋ฏธ์ง„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ
00:59
of the steel industry,
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01:01
the environment,
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01:03
and the health care system's impact on the bodies of my family and community.
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์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
The tradition and grand narrative of Braddock
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๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋…์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์€
01:14
is mostly comprised of stories of industrialists and trade unions.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฐ์—…์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฌด์—ญ์กฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:20
Currently, the new narrative about Braddock,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ค๋ช…์ธ
01:25
a poster child for Rust Belt revitalization,
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๋Ÿฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฒจํŠธ(๋ฏธ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€ ์ฒ ๊ฐ•์‚ฐ์—…์ง€๋Œ€) ๋ถ€ํ™œ์˜ ์„ ๋ด‰์€
01:28
is a story of urban pioneers discovering a new frontier.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฐœ์ฒ™์ž์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Mass media has omitted the fact that Braddock is predominantly black.
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๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ž˜๋…์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ํ‘์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋น ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
Our existence has been co-opted, silenced and erased.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‚ญ์ œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Fourth generation in a lineage of women,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„์˜ 4์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ์„œ
01:51
I was raised under the protection and care of Grandma Ruby,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฃจ๋น„ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์Šฌํ•˜์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
off 8th Street at 805 Washington Avenue.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” 805 ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ 8๋ฒˆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
02:01
She worked as a manager for Goodwill.
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๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋กœ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
Mom was a nurse's aid.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ๋ฌด์‚ฌ์˜€๊ณ 
02:08
She watched the steel mills close and white flight to suburban developments.
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์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์˜ ํ์‡„์™€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์™ธ ์ด๋™์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
By the time my generation walked the streets,
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๊ทธ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ˆ„๋ณ๊ณ 
02:19
disinvestment at the local, state and federal level,
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์ง€์—ญ, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€, ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ์†Œ,
02:24
eroded infrastructure,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์˜ ๋ถ€์‹,
02:26
and the War on Drugs dismantled my family and community.
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๋งˆ์•ฝ๊ณผ์˜ ์ „์Ÿ์€ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์ฒดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Grandma Ruby's stepfather Gramps
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ๋ฃจ๋น„์˜ ์˜๋ถ“์•„๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ ๊ทธ๋žจํ”„๋Š”
02:36
was one of few black men to retire from Carnegie's mill with his pension.
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์นด๋„ค๊ธฐ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์€ํ‡ดํ•œ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
He worked in high temperatures,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:43
tearing down and rebuilding furnaces, cleaning up spilt metal and slag.
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์šฉ๊ด‘๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๊ฑด์„คํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ง„ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ์น˜์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
The history of a place is written on the body and the landscape.
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๊ทธ ์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ’๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
Areas of heavy truck traffic,
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๋คํ”„ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์ง€์—ญ ์ด๋ฉฐ
03:00
exposure to benzene and atomized metals,
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๋ฐœ์•”๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฒฐํ•ต ๋“ฑ์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
03:04
risk cancer and lupus.
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๋ฒค์  ๊ณผ ์›์žํ™”๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
One hundred twenty-three licensed beds, 652 employees,
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123๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์€ ์นจ๋Œ€, 652๋ช…์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž
03:15
rehabilitation programs decimated.
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์žฌํ™œ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ฃฝ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
A housing discrimination lawsuit against Allegheny County
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์•จ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒŒ๋‹ˆ ์นด์šดํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋กœํ•œ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ฐจ๋ณ„์†Œ์†ก์€
03:27
removed where the projects Talbot Towers once stood.
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ํ…”๋ฒ— ํƒ€์›Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋•Œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Recent rezoning for more light industry has since appeared.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณต์—…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฐœํŽธ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Google Maps and Google Earth pixelations conceal the flammable waste
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ๋งต์€ ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ์˜ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์ž์ดํฌ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
being used to squeeze the Bunn family off their home and land.
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๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘๊ณผ ํ† ์ง€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ซ’์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
03:53
In 2013, I chartered a helicopter
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2013๋…„์— ์ €๋Š” ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ์™€
03:57
with my cameras to document this aggressive dispossession.
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ํ—ฌ๋ฆฌ์ฝฅํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์ถ”๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ทจ์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
In flight, my observation reveals thousands of plastic white bundles
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๋น„ํ–‰๋„์ค‘์— ์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๊ฐœ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๋ฌถ์Œ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
owned by a conservation industry
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๊ทธ ๋ฌถ์Œ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
04:13
that claims it's eco-friendly
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๋ณด์กดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:15
and recycles millions of tires
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ€์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:18
to preserve people's lives
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์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
04:21
and to improve people's lives.
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๋ณด์กด ์‚ฐ์—…๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
My work spirals from the micro to the macro level,
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์ œ ์ž‘์—…์€ ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ํฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ
04:30
excavating hidden histories.
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์ˆจ๊ฒจ์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ตดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Recently, at the Seattle Art Museum,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์‹œ์• ํ‹€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ  ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ
04:36
Isaac Bunn and I mounted this exhibition,
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์•„์ด์ž‘ ๋ฒˆ๊ณผ ์ €๋Š” ์ „์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:40
and the exhibition was used as a platform to launch his voice.
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์ „์‹œ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐํš๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Through reclamation of our narrative,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
04:49
we will continue to fight historic erasure and socioeconomic inequality.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์†Œ๊ฑฐ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ„์† ์‹ธ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:56
Thank you.
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:58
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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