E.O. Wilson calls for an Encyclopedia of Life

73,896 views ・ 2007-04-05

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μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Sehwang Kang κ²€ν† : Minseock Kim
00:25
I have all my life wondered what "mind-boggling" meant.
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μ „ 항상 β€˜ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λ‹€β€™λΌλŠ” 말이 무슨 λœ»μΈμ§€ κΆκΈˆν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:30
After two days here, I declare myself boggled, and enormously impressed,
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근데 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ 이틀을 μ§€λ‚΄λ©΄μ„œ μ „ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†μ΄ 놀라지 μ•Šμ„ 수 μ—†μ—ˆκ³  감λͺ…을 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:40
and feel that you are one of the great hopes --
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그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ ν•œ λΆ„ ν•œ 뢄이 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ ν¬λ§μž„μ„ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:46
not just for American achievement in science and technology,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κ³Όν•™ 기술 λ°œμ „μ„ μœ„ν•œ 미ꡭ의 희망일 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:53
but for the whole world.
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μ „ 세계λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν¬λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:55
I've come, however, on a special mission on behalf of my constituency,
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근데 μ € 같은 κ²½μš°λŠ” μ €λ₯Ό ν›„μ›ν•˜λŠ” 뢄듀을 λŒ€μ‹ ν•΄ 쑰금 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:03
which are the 10-to-the-18th-power -- that's a million trillion --
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그듀은 100만 쑰의 수λ₯Ό μžλž‘ν•˜λŠ”
01:12
insects and other small creatures, and to make a plea for them.
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지ꡬ μƒμ˜ κ³€μΆ©κ³Ό μž‘μ€ 생λͺ…μ²΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ°”λ‘œ 그듀을 μœ„ν•΄ μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이 제 일이죠
01:26
If we were to wipe out insects alone, just that group alone, on this planet --
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μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ 곀좩이 사라진닀면 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
01:32
which we are trying hard to do --
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§€κΈˆ 이 μˆœκ°„μ—λ„ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μ—†μ• κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ·Έ κ³€μΆ©λ“€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:36
the rest of life and humanity with it would mostly disappear from the land.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 동식물과 인λ₯˜ λ˜ν•œ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 이 λ•…μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:45
And within a few months.
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그것도 μˆ˜κ°œμ›” 이내에 말이죠
01:47
Now, how did I come to this particular position of advocacy?
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자, μ œκ°€ μ™œ 이런 말씀을 λ“œλ¦¬κ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:53
As a little boy, and through my teenage years,
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μ €λŠ” 어렸을 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„°
01:59
I became increasingly fascinated by the diversity of life.
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 생물에 λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:02
I had a butterfly period, a snake period, a bird period, a fish period, a cave period
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λ‚˜λΉ„, λ±€, μƒˆ, 물고기에 λΉ μ Έ 지낸 λ•Œκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆκ³  동꡴ 속 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 생물에 λΉ μ Έ μžˆμ„ λ•Œλ„ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ 
02:14
and finally and definitively, an ant period.
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μ—λŠ” κ°œλ―Έμ— μ™„μ „νžˆ λ§€λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμ£ 
02:18
By my college years, I was a devoted myrmecologist,
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λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°œλ―Έν•™ 연ꡬ에 여념이 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:23
a specialist on the biology of ants,
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개미의 μƒνƒœλ₯Ό μ „λ¬ΈμœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 학문이죠
02:25
but my attention and research continued to make journeys
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ „ 지ꡬ 상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 생λͺ…체에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλ„
02:30
across the great variety of life on Earth in general --
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관심을 가지며 즐겁게 연ꡬλ₯Ό κ³„μ†ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:34
including all that it means to us as a species, how little we understand it
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ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 생λͺ…이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€
02:42
and how pressing a danger that our activities have created for it.
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또 μΈκ°„μ˜ ν™œλ™μœΌλ‘œ λ°œμƒν•œ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 큰 ν”Όν•΄λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” 지 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:49
Out of that broader study has emerged a concern and an ambition,
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연ꡬ가 보닀 κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•˜κ²Œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜λ©΄μ„œ κ±±μ •κ³Ό λ™μ‹œμ— ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œλŠ” μš•μ‹¬μ΄ 생겼고
02:54
crystallized in the wish that I'm about to make to you.
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이제 κ·Έ μš•μ‹¬μ„ ꡬ체적으둜 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ†Œκ°œν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:59
My choice is the culmination of a lifetime commitment
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제 μΈμƒμ˜ μ ˆμ •κΈ°λŠ” ν‰μƒμ˜ 과업을 λ‹€μ§ν–ˆλ˜ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:04
that began with growing up on the Gulf Coast of Alabama, on the Florida peninsula.
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μ•¨λΌλ°°λ§ˆμ˜ κ±Έν”„μ½”μŠ€νŠΈμ™€ ν”Œλ‘œλ¦¬λ‹€ λ°˜λ„μ— μ‚΄λ˜ λ•Œμ˜€μ£ 
03:11
As far back as I can remember, I was enchanted by the natural beauty of that region
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제 κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œ μ „ 그곳의 아름닀움에 흠뻑 λΉ μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:20
and the almost tropical exuberance of the plants and animals that grow there.
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κ·Έκ³³μ—λŠ” μ•„μ—΄λŒ€ κΈ°ν›„ 지역 특유의 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 동식물이 자라고 μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”
03:26
One day when I was only seven years old and fishing,
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일곱 μ‚΄ κΌ¬λ§ˆμ˜€λ˜ μ œκ°€ λ‚šμ‹œλ₯Ό ν•˜λ˜ μ–΄λŠ λ‚ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:30
I pulled a "pinfish," they're called, with sharp dorsal spines, up too hard and fast,
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ν•€ν”Όμ‰¬λΌλŠ” λ¬Όκ³ κΈ°λ₯Ό λ‚šλŠ” μ€‘μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘œμš΄ λ“±μ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―Έλ₯Ό 가지고 μžˆλ”κ΅°μš” 그런데 λ„ˆλ¬΄ κΈ‰ν•˜κ²Œ νž˜μ£Όμ–΄ λ‚šμ•„μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”λžŒμ—
03:38
and I blinded myself in one eye.
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κ·Έ λ“±μ§€λŠλŸ¬λ―Έμ— ν•œμͺ½ λˆˆμ„ μžƒκ³  λ§μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:40
I later discovered I was also hard of hearing,
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λ‚˜μ€‘μ—μ„œμ•Ό μ•Œμ•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ €λŠ” 귀도 잘 듀리지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:43
possibly congenitally, in the upper registers.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ„ μ²œμ μΈ μž₯애인 것 같은데 κ³ μŒμ—­λŒ€μ˜ μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 잘 듣지 λͺ»ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”
03:46
So in planning to be a professional naturalist --
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사정이 κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ³΄λ‹ˆ μ €λŠ” μƒλ¬Όν•™μžλ₯Ό κΏˆκΎΈλ©΄μ„œλ„...
03:51
I never considered anything else in my entire life --
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μ°Έ, μ „ 제 평생 λ‹€λ₯Έ 직업을 κ°–λŠ” 것은 생각해 λ³Έ 적이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:54
I found that I was lousy at bird watching and couldn't track frog calls either.
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λ‚ μ•„λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” μƒˆλ₯Ό μ§€μΌœλ³΄λŠ” 것은 μ„œνˆ¬λ₯Έλ°λ‹€ 개ꡬ리의 μšΈμŒμ†Œλ¦¬λŠ” 듀을 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:02
So I turned to the teeming small creatures
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „ μ£Όλ³€μ—μ„œ μ‰½κ²Œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” μž‘μ€ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ—κ²Œ λˆˆμ„ λŒλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:06
that can be held between the thumb and forefinger:
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엄지와 μ§‘κ²Œμ†κ°€λ½λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œ 집을 만큼 μž‘μ§€λ§Œ
04:11
the little things that compose the foundation of our ecosystems,
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우리 μƒνƒœκ³„μ˜ 기초λ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” 생물듀이죠
04:18
the little things, as I like to say, who run the world.
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μ „ 이 μž‘μ€ 생물듀이 세상을 움직이고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:23
In so doing, I reached a frontier of biology so strange, so rich,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό κ³„μ†ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ €λŠ” μƒλ¬Όν•™μ˜ λ―Έκ°œμ²™ 뢄야에 λ‹€λ‹€λžλŠ”λ° 그곳의 생물듀은
04:31
that it seemed as though it exists on another planet.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μƒˆλ‘­κ³  λ‹€μ–‘ν•΄μ„œ 마치 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ³„μ—μ„œ 온 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:37
In fact, we live on a mostly unexplored planet.
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사싀 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μ—λŠ” 아직 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것이 맀우 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:41
The great majority of organisms on Earth remain unknown to science.
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λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 생물이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ κ³Όν•™μœΌλ‘œ 풀지 λͺ»ν•œ λ―Έμ§€μ˜ μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ£ 
04:46
In the last 30 years, thanks to explorations in remote parts of the world
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μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„κ°„ μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ˜€μ§€ νƒν—˜κ³Ό
04:52
and advances in technology,
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기술의 진보 덕뢄에
04:54
biologists have, for example, added a full one-third of the known frog and other amphibian species,
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ν˜„μž¬ μ•Œλ €μ§„ κ°œκ΅¬λ¦¬μ™€ 기타 μ–‘μ„œλ₯˜μ˜ 3λΆ„μ˜ 1을 μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
05:04
to bring the current total to 5,400,
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ν˜„μž¬ κ·Έ μˆ˜λŠ” 5천 4λ°± 쒅에 μ΄λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:08
and more continue to pour in.
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ 계속 κ·Έ μˆ˜λŠ” λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:10
Two new kinds of whales have been discovered, along with two new antelopes,
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두 μ’…μ˜ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ³ λž˜μ™€ μ˜μ–‘μ΄ 각각 발견됐고
05:16
dozens of monkey species and a new kind of elephant --
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μˆ˜μ‹­ μ’…μ˜ μ›μˆ­μ΄μ™€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…μ˜ 코끼리도 ν•˜λ‚˜ μΆ”κ°€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:20
and even a distinct kind of gorilla.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ ν¬κ·€μ’…μ˜ 고릴라도 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:23
At the extreme opposite end of the size scale, the class of marine bacteria,
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크기둜 λ³Ό λ•Œ μœ„μ˜ λ™λ¬Όκ³ΌλŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ 맀우 μž‘μ€ ν•΄μ–‘ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 일쒅인
05:33
the Prochlorococci -- that will be on the final exam --
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ν”„λ‘œν΄λ‘œλ‘œμ½”μΉ΄μ΄λŠ”... μ–Έμ  κ°„ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ λ°œμŒν•  날이 였겠죠
05:39
although discovered only in 1988, are now recognized as likely the most abundant organisms on Earth,
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1988년에야 발견된 이것은 지ꡬ μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ ν’λΆ€ν•œ λ―Έμƒλ¬Όλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:48
and moreover, responsible for a large part of the photosynthesis that occurs in the ocean.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 이것은 λ°”λ‹€ 속 κ΄‘ν•©μ„±μ˜ 상당 뢀뢄을 λ‹΄λ‹Ήν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
05:55
These bacteria were not uncovered sooner
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이 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 이처럼 늦게 발견된 μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:59
because they are also among the smallest of all Earth's organisms --
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κ°€μž₯ μž‘μ€ 미생물 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:04
so minute that they cannot be seen with conventional optical microscopy.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ μž‘μ•„μ„œ 톡상적인 κ΄‘ν•™ ν˜„λ―Έκ²½ κ²€μ‚¬λ²•μœΌλ‘œλŠ” 찾을 μˆ˜κ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:10
Yet life in the sea may depend on these tiny creatures.
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λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ•„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 μž‘μ€ 생λͺ…체에 μ˜μ‘΄ν•˜μ—¬ λ°”λ‹€μ—μ„œ μƒν™œν•˜λŠ” 날이 μ˜¬μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:14
These examples are just the first glimpse of our ignorance of life on this planet.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° 건 지ꡬ 생물에 λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 무지λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” μž‘μ€ 사둀에 λΆˆκ³Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:19
Consider the fungi -- including mushrooms, rusts, molds and many disease-causing organisms.
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λ²„μ„―μ΄λ‚˜ 곰팑이, λ˜λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬ 미생물을 생각해 λ³΄μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€
06:26
60,000 species are known to science,
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6만 쒅이 ν˜„μž¬ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
06:30
but more than 1.5 million have been estimated to exist.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 150λ§Œμ—¬ 쒅이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Consider the nematode roundworm, the most abundant of all animals.
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동물 쀑 κ·Έ μˆ˜κ°€ κ°€μž₯ λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” 선좩은
06:40
Four out of five animals on Earth are nematode worms --
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κ°œμ²΄μˆ˜κ°€ λͺ¨λ“  동물 κ°€μš΄λ° 80%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:48
if all solid materials except nematode worms were to be eliminated,
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선좩을 μ œμ™Έν•œ λͺ¨λ“  고체 물질이 사라져도
06:52
you could still see the ghostly outline of most of it in nematode worms.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„ μΆ© μ•ˆμ—μ„œ κ·Έ ν¬λ―Έν•œ ν˜•μ²΄λ₯Ό μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
06:59
About 16,000 species of nematode worms
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ•½ 1만 6천 μ’…μ˜ 선좩을
07:04
have been discovered and diagnosed by scientists;
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λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ³  또 λ°ν˜€λƒˆμ§€λ§Œ
07:07
there could be hundreds of thousands of them, even millions, still unknown.
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아직 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ‹­ 수백만이 더 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:12
This vast domain of hidden biodiversity is increased still further
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이처럼 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 생물학적 λ‹€μ–‘μ„±μ˜ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ˜μ—­μ€ 계속 ν™•μž₯되고 있으며
07:17
by the dark matter of the biological world of bacteria,
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그것은 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ 연ꡬ가 맀우 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 뢄야이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:23
which within just the last several years
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ μˆ˜λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
07:29
still were known from only about 6,000 species of bacteria worldwide.
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λ°ν˜€μ§„ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ μ’…λ₯˜λŠ” μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•½ 6천 쒅에 κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ 머무λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:36
But that number of bacteria species can be found in one gram of soil,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 사싀 κ·Έ μ •λ„μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” 1그램의 ν† μ–‘μ—μ„œλ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:42
just a little handful of soil, in the 10 billion bacteria that would be there.
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ν•œ 쀌의 ν™μ—λŠ” 100μ–΅ 마리의 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
07:51
It's been estimated that a single ton of soil -- fertile soil --
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그리고 1ν†€μ˜ λΉ„μ˜₯ν•œ ν† μ–‘μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ¦Όμž‘μ•„
07:56
contains approximately four million species of bacteria, all unknown.
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4백만 μ’…μ˜ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ 포함돼 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:04
So the question is: what are they all doing?
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κΆκΈˆν•œ 것은 κ·Έ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ κ±°κΈ°μ„œ λŒ€μ²΄ 뭘 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
08:12
The fact is, we don't know.
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λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 아직은 μ•Œ 수 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:15
We are living on a planet with a lot of activities, with reference to our living environment,
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우리 μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ μƒνƒœκ³„λŠ” λ§Žμ€ ν™œλ™μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:24
done by faith and guess alone.
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그게 무엇인지 λΆ„λͺ…νžˆ μ•„λŠ” 것도 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλƒ₯ μΆ”μΈ‘λ§Œ ν•  λ•Œλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:28
Our lives depend upon these creatures.
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이 μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λŠ” 우리의 삢에 λ§Žμ€ 영ν–₯을 μ£Όκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:32
To take an example close to home: there are over 500 species of bacteria now known --
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κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 예λ₯Ό λ“€μžλ©΄ ν˜„μž¬ 5λ°± μ’… μ΄μƒμ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€
08:40
friendly bacteria -- living symbiotically in your mouth and throat
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우리의 μž…κ³Ό λͺ© μ•ˆμ—μ„œ κ³΅μƒν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:45
probably necessary to your health for holding off pathogenic bacteria.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 건강에 도움이 λ˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œ 병원성 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ λ°œν˜„μ„ 막고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:52
At this point I think we have a little impressionistic film
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μ΄μ―€μ—μ„œ μ§§μ§€λ§Œ 인상적인 μ˜μƒμ„ ν•œ 편 λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:56
that was made especially for this occasion.
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νŠΉλ³„νžˆ 였늘 강연을 μœ„ν•΄ μ œμž‘ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:58
And I'd like to show it.
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자, 그럼 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
09:01
Assisted in this by Billie Holiday.
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빌리 ν™€λ¦¬λ°μ΄μ˜ λ…Έλž˜μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ³΄μ‹œμ£ 
09:04
(Video)
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(μ˜μƒλ¬Ό)
11:06
And that may be just the beginning!
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λ”μš± 멋진 게 λ§Žμ€λ° μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ λ§›λ§Œ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:09
The viruses, those quasi-organisms among which are the prophages,
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” ν”„λ‘œνŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ•„ κ°€μš΄λ° ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ μœ μ‚¬ μœ κΈ°μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:15
the gene weavers that promote the continued evolution in the lives of the bacteria,
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ν”„λ‘œνŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ•„λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ μ„±μž₯μ—μ„œ 진화λ₯Ό μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” μœ μ „μž μ‘°μ§μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:22
are a virtually unknown frontier of modern biology, a world unto themselves.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λŠ” 사싀상 ν˜„λŒ€ μƒλ¬Όν•™μ˜ λ―Έκ°œμ²™μ§€μ΄μž ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 독립적인 μ„Έκ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:31
What constitutes a viral species is still unresolved,
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ λ¬΄μ—‡μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±λ˜λŠ”μ§€λŠ” 아직 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°ν˜€μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
11:35
although they're obviously of enormous importance to us.
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우리의 삢에 λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯을 끼치고 μžˆλŠ”λ°λ„ 말이죠
11:39
But this much we can say: the variety of genes on the planet in viruses
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μ •λ„λŠ” 말할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ 지ꡬ 상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λͺ¨λ“  μœ μ „μžμ˜ μ’…λ₯˜λ³΄λ‹€
11:45
exceeds, or is likely to exceed, that in all of the rest of life combined.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ 일생 λ™μ•ˆ κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ μ‘°ν•©λ˜λŠ” μœ μ „μžκ°€ 더 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” 사싀이죠
11:53
Nowadays, in addressing microbial biodiversity,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘μ„± 연ꡬλ₯Ό 말할 λ•Œ
11:57
scientists are like explorers in a rowboat launched onto the Pacific Ocean.
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κ³Όν•™μžλŠ” 마치 μž‘μ€ 배둜 λ§λ§λŒ€ν•΄λ₯Ό λ…Έ μ €μ–΄ λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” νƒν—˜κ°€μ™€ κ°™λ‹€κ³  μ–˜κΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:03
But that is changing rapidly with the aid of new genomic technology.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μœ μ „μž 기술둜 이 상황은 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ λ³€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:08
Already it is possible to sequence the entire genetic code of a bacterium in under four hours.
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이미 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ˜ μ™„μ „ν•œ μœ μ „μž μ½”λ“œλ₯Ό 4μ‹œκ°„ μ•ˆμ— μˆœμ„œλŒ€λ‘œ λ°°μ—΄ν•˜λŠ” 게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:15
Soon we will be in a position to go forth in the field with sequencers on our backs --
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λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ•„ κ·Έ λ°°μ—΄ 정보λ₯Ό 가지고 생물학을 λ”μš± μ§„μ „μ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:21
to hunt bacteria in tiny crevices of the habitat's surface
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쒁은 ν‹ˆμƒˆμ— μžˆλŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•  λ•Œ
12:27
in the way you go watching for birds with binoculars.
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마치 μƒˆλ“€μ„ κ΄€μ°°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 망원경 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
12:31
What will we find as we map the living world, as, finally, we get this underway seriously?
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λ―Έμƒλ¬Όμ˜ 세계λ₯Ό μ§€λ„λ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” λ…Έλ ₯에 본격적으둜 μ°©μˆ˜ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 무엇을 λ°œκ²¬ν• κΉŒμš”?
12:39
As we move past the relatively gigantic mammals, birds, frogs and plants
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 비ꡐ적 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ 포유λ₯˜μ™€ μƒˆ, 개ꡬ리, μ‹λ¬Όλ“€μ—μ„œ
12:44
to the more elusive insects and other small invertebrates and then beyond
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μ’€ 더 ν¬μ°©ν•˜κΈ° μ–΄λ €μš΄ κ³€μΆ©μ΄λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μž‘μ€ 무척좔 동물,
12:50
to the countless millions of organisms in the invisible living world
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그리고 그보닀 더 μž‘μ•„ λˆˆμ— 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ”
12:55
enveloped and living within humanity?
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우리 λͺΈμ†μ˜ λ¬΄μˆ˜ν•œ 미생물에 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
12:59
Already what were thought to be bacteria for generations
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 이미 λͺ‡ μ„ΈλŒ€μ— 걸쳐 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λΌκ³ λ§Œ μƒκ°ν–ˆλ˜ 것이
13:05
have been found to compose, instead, two great domains of microorganisms:
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사싀은 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ 두 개의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μž„이 λ°ν˜€μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:11
true bacteria and one-celled organisms the archaea,
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진정세균과 단세포 미생물인 μ›μ‹œμ„Έκ· μ΄ λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έκ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:15
which are closer than other bacteria to the eukaryota, the group that we belong to.
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μ›μ‹œμ„Έκ· μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ³΄λ‹€ 인간이 속해 μžˆλŠ” 진핡 생물에 더 κ°€κΉμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:22
Some serious biologists, and I count myself among them,
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μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ ν•™μžλ“€μ€
13:27
have begun to wonder that among the enormous and still unknown diversity of microorganisms,
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이 λ‹€μ–‘ν•˜κ³  λ†€λΌμš΄, 베일에 가렀진 미생물 κ°€μš΄λ°
13:36
one might -- just might -- find aliens among them.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄, 정말 μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ 외계 생물이 μžˆμ§€λŠ” μ•Šμ„κΉŒν•˜λŠ” 생각을 ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:41
True aliens, stocks that arrived from outer space.
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지ꡬ λ°–μ—μ„œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜¨ μ§„μ§œ 외계 μƒλ¬Όμ΄μš”
13:46
They've had billions of years to do it,
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ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 그것을 μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ λ…„ μ „μ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κΉŒμ§€ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
13:48
but especially during the earliest period of biological evolution on this planet.
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초창기 생물학적 진화 과정은 λ”μš± νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
13:55
We do know that some bacterial species that have earthly origin
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό 지ꡬ가 생겨날 λ•ŒλΆ€ν„° μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ 쀑 μΌλΆ€λŠ”
13:59
are capable of almost unimaginable extremes of temperature
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상상쑰차 νž˜λ“  높은 μ˜¨λ„μ—μ„œλ„ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜κ³ 
14:07
and other harsh changes in environment,
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μ²™λ°•ν•œ ν™˜κ²½ 변화에 κ²¬λ””λŠ” 것을 μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:10
including hard radiation strong enough and maintained long enough to crack the Pyrex vessels
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νŒŒμ΄λ ‰μŠ€ λ‚΄μ—΄ 유리 그릇이 깨질 μ •λ„λ‘œ 였래 κ°•ν•œ 방사선을 μ˜μ•„ λ³΄μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
14:18
around the growing population of bacteria.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„ μˆ˜λŠ” 계속 μ¦κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:21
There may be a temptation to treat the biosphere holistically
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μƒλ¬ΌκΆŒμ„ μ „μ²΄λ‘ μ μœΌλ‘œ 닀루렀고 ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
14:27
and the species that compose it as a great flux of entities
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ νλ¦„μ˜ μΌλΆ€λΆ„μ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄λŠ” 뢄듀이 계싀지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:33
hardly worth distinguishing one from the other.
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κ°œλ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬λΆ„ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ¬΄μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ‹€λŠ” λ“― 말이죠
14:37
But each of these species, even the tiniest Prochlorococci,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 μž‘μ€ 생λͺ… ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”, κ°€μž₯ μž‘λ‹€λŠ” ν”„λ‘œν΄λ‘œλ‘œμ½”μΉ΄μ΄μ‘°μ°¨
14:42
are masterpieces of evolution.
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μ§„ν™”μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ μ—…μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
14:44
Each has persisted for thousands to millions of years.
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수천 수백만 년을 μ‚΄μ•„λ‚¨μ•˜μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”
14:50
Each is exquisitely adapted to the environment in which it lives,
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μ£Όλ³€ ν™˜κ²½μ— μ ˆλ¬˜ν•˜κ²Œ μ μ‘ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
14:54
interlocked with other species to form ecosystems upon which our own lives depend
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…κ³Ό μ„œλ‘œ μ–½ν˜€ 우리 인간이 κΈ°λŒ€μ–΄ μ‚¬λŠ” 이 μƒνƒœκ³„λ₯Ό
15:01
in ways we have not begun even to imagine.
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상상해 λ³Έ 적도 μ—†λŠ” λ†€λΌμš΄ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:05
We will destroy these ecosystems and the species composing them
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 그런 μƒνƒœκ³„μ™€ 그것을 μ΄λ£¨λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 생λͺ…을
15:09
at the peril of our own existence --
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 쑴속을 κ±Έκ³ 
15:12
and unfortunately we are destroying them with ingenuity and ceaseless energy.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ†œμ”¨λ‘œ 쉬지도 μ•Šκ³  νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:21
My own epiphany as a conservationist came in 1953, while a Harvard graduate student,
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μ œκ°€ ν•˜λ²„λ“œ λŒ€ν•™μ›μƒμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ 1953λ…„ μžμ—°λ³΄ν˜Έλ‘ μžλ‘œ λ‚˜μ„°μ„ λ•Œ
15:31
searching for rare ants found in the mountain forests of Cuba,
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μ „ μΏ λ°”μ˜ μ‚°μ†μ—μ„œ ν¬κ·€ν•œ 개미λ₯Ό μ°Ύκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:35
ants that shine in the sunlight --
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햇빛에 λ°˜μ§μ΄λŠ” 이 κ°œλ―Έλ“€μ€
15:37
metallic green or metallic blue, according to species, and one species, I discovered, metallic gold.
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λͺΈ ν‘œλ©΄μ΄ κΈˆμ† λŠλ‚Œμ˜ 녹색과 ν‘Έλ₯Έ λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ, μ œκ°€ λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 ν™©κΈˆ λΉ›μœΌλ‘œ λ°˜μ§μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:45
I found my magical ants, but only after a tough climb into the mountains
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λ§ˆλ²•μ²˜λŸΌ λ†€λΌμš΄ 개미λ₯Ό 찾은 κ±°μ£  뭐 산을 μ’€ νž˜λ“€κ²Œ 였λ₯΄κΈ΄ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œμš”
15:50
where the last of the native Cuban forests hung on,
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그곳은 μΈκ°„μ˜ 손이 닿지 μ•Šμ€ μˆ²μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
15:54
and were then -- and still are -- being cut back.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ•Œλ„ κ·Έλž¬μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆλ„ κ·Έ κ°œλ―Έλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” 쀄어듀고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:00
I realized then that these species
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μ €λŠ” κ·Έμ œμ„œμ•Ό 이 κ°œλ―Έλ“€ 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
16:03
and a large part of the other unique, marvelous animals and plants on that island --
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κ·Έ 섬에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ λ…νŠΉν•˜κ³  λ†€λΌμš΄ μ—¬λŸ¬ 동식물듀이
16:09
and this is true of practically every part of the world --
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사싀 μ „ 세계 μ–΄λŠ κ³³μ—μ„œλ‚˜ λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” μΌμ΄μ§€λ§Œ
16:14
which took millions of years to evolve, are in the process of disappearing forever.
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수백만 λ…„μ˜ 진화λ₯Ό λ’€λ‘œ ν•˜κ³  μ˜μ›νžˆ μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ 운λͺ…에 놓여 μžˆμŒμ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:19
And so it is everywhere one looks.
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ³΄λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  κ³³μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:24
The human juggernaut is permanently eroding Earth's ancient biosphere by a combination of forces
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인λ₯˜μ˜ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 파괴λ ₯은 였랜 세월에 걸쳐 ν˜•μ„±λœ μƒλ¬ΌκΆŒμ„ μ„œμ„œνžˆ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:32
that can be summarized by the acronym "HIPPO," the animal hippo.
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이 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 파괴λ ₯을 일컬어 β€˜νžˆν¬(HIPPO)’라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:37
H is for habitat destruction, including climate change forced by greenhouse gases.
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HλŠ” μ„œμ‹μ§€ 파괴(Habitat destruction)λ₯Ό 가리킀며 μ—¬κΈ°μ—λŠ” κΈ°ν›„ 변화도 ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
16:44
I is for the invasive species like the fire ants, the zebra mussels, broom grasses
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IλŠ” μœ ν•΄ν•œ μ’…(Invasive species)을 λœ»ν•˜λ©° 뢈개미, 얼룩 홍합, λŒ€λ§ˆμ΄ˆμ™€
16:52
and pathogenic bacteria and viruses that are flooding every country, and at an exponential rate -- that's the I.
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κΈ°ν•˜κΈ‰μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ μ „ ꡭ가에 λ²”λžŒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 병원성 λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ 같은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:03
The P, the first one in "HIPPO," is for pollution.
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첫 번째 PλŠ” μ˜€μ—Ό(Pollution)을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:07
The second is for continued population, human population expansion.
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두 번째 PλŠ” 지속적인 인ꡬ 팽창 (Population expansion)을 λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:13
And the final letter is O, for over-harvesting --
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그리고 λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ OλŠ” μ§€λ‚˜μΉœ 수렡 (Over-harvesting)을 λœ»ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠
17:16
driving species into extinction by excessive hunting and fishing.
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κ³Όλ„ν•œ 수렡으둜 μ—¬λŸ¬ 생물이 λ©Έμ’…μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ‹«κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:20
The HIPPO juggernaut we have created, if unabated, is destined --
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인λ₯˜κ°€ λ§Œλ“  β€˜νžˆν¬β€™λ₯Ό μ€„μ΄λ €λŠ” λ…Έλ ₯을 μ„œλ‘λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄
17:26
according to the best estimates of ongoing biodiversity research --
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진행 쀑인 생물학적 λ‹€μ–‘μ„± μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œ 미루어 μ§μž‘ν•΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ
17:30
to reduce half of Earth's still surviving animal and plant species
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ν˜„μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 동식물은 κ·Έ μ’…λ₯˜κ°€ 절반으둜 쀄어듀 것이고
17:35
to extinction or critical endangerment by the end of the century.
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κ²°κ΅­ 21μ„ΈκΈ°κ°€ 끝날 무렡 λͺ¨λ‘ λ©Έμ’…ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ©Έμ’… μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:40
Human-forced climate change alone -- again, if unabated --
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인간이 μ΄ˆλž˜ν•œ κΈ°ν›„λ³€ν™” μ—­μ‹œ λ°”λ‘œμž‘μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
17:45
could eliminate a quarter of surviving species during the next five decades.
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ν–₯ν›„ 50λ…„ μ•ˆμ— ν˜„μž¬ 남은 생물 μ’…μ˜ 4λΆ„μ˜ 1이 μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
17:51
What will we and all future generations lose
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그럼 μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 또 우리의 후손듀은
17:55
if much of the living environment is thus degraded?
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νν—ˆκ°€ 된 μƒν™œν™˜κ²½ μ†μ—μ„œ 무엇을 μžƒκ²Œ λ κΉŒμš”?
18:01
Huge potential sources of scientific information yet to be gathered,
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μž μž¬μ„±μ„ 가진 μΆ•μ λœ κ³Όν•™ 정보듀과
18:05
much of our environmental stability
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μ•ˆμ •λœ μƒν™œ, 그리고
18:09
and new kinds of pharmaceuticals and new products of unimaginable strength and value --
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λ†€λΌμš΄ 힘과 κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œ μ‹ μ•½κ³Ό μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ œν’ˆ,
18:16
all thrown away.
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것이 μ‚¬λΌμ§€κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
18:19
The loss will inflict a heavy price
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이 μ†μ‹€λ‘œ 인해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ”
18:22
in wealth, security and yes, spirituality for all time to come,
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μž¬μ •μ , μ•ˆλ³΄μ  그리고 μ •μ‹ μ μœΌλ‘œ 무거운 λŒ€κ°€λ₯Ό μ˜μ›νžˆ 치λ₯΄κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
18:29
because previous cataclysms of this kind --
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κ³Όκ±° κ°€μž₯ μ΅œκ·Όμ— μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 이와 같은 격변은
18:31
the last one, that ended the age of dinosaurs --
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곡룑 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 막을 λ‚΄λ¦¬κ²Œ λ§Œλ“  κ²½μš°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
18:34
took, normally, five to 10 million years to repair.
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이런 λŒ€κ²©λ³€μœΌλ‘œ μΈν•œ ν”Όν•΄λŠ” λ³΅κ΅¬λ˜λŠ”λ° 보톡 5백만 λ…„μ—μ„œ 천만 년이 κ±Έλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€
18:40
Sadly, our knowledge of biodiversity is so incomplete
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μŠ¬ν”„μ§€λ§Œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 닀양성을 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
18:44
that we are at risk of losing a great deal of it before it is even discovered.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 생물을 채 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ°λ„ 전에 그것을 μžƒμ„ μœ„κΈ°μ— μ²˜ν•΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
18:49
For example, even in the United States, the 200,000 species known currently
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 심지어 λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œμ‘°μ°¨ ν˜„μž¬κΉŒμ§€ μ•Œλ €μ§„ 2μ‹­λ§Œ μ’…μ˜ 생물은
18:58
actually has been found to be only partial in coverage;
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λͺ¨λ“  동식물 μ€‘μ—μ„œ μž‘μ€ 일뢀뢄에 μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:05
it is mostly unknown to us in basic biology.
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ 기초적인 생물학 μˆ˜μ€€μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 아직 λ―Έμ§€μ˜ μ˜μ—­μœΌλ‘œ 남아 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:10
Only about 15 percent of the known species have been studied well enough to evaluate their status.
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발견된 μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 15%만이 κ·Έ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό 평가할 수 μžˆμ„ μ •λ„μ˜ 연ꡬ가 λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„ 뿐이며
19:17
Of the 15 percent evaluated, 20 percent are classified as "in peril,"
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ν‰κ°€λœ 15% 쀑 20%λŠ” 이미 β€˜μœ„ν—˜ μˆ˜μ€€β€™μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:23
that is, in danger of extinction.
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즉, λ©Έμ’…μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν•΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:25
That's in the United States.
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ ν˜„μž¬ 미ꡭ의 μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:27
We are, in short, flying blind into our environmental future.
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λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄ 우리 ν™˜κ²½μ˜ λ―Έλž˜μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 깊이 μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:34
We urgently need to change this.
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ν•˜λ£¨ 빨리 이런 μžμ„Έλ₯Ό λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:36
We need to have the biosphere properly explored
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μƒλ¬ΌκΆŒμ„ μ μ ˆν•œ λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•΄μ„œ
19:40
so that we can understand and competently manage it.
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그것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 관리해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:44
We need to settle down before we wreck the planet.
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이 별을 우리 μ†μœΌλ‘œ νŒŒλ©Έμ‹œν‚€κΈ° 전에 μ΄μ œλŠ” 본격적으둜 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:48
And we need that knowledge.
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그리고 그와 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 지식 λ˜ν•œ μ•Œμ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:49
This should be a big science project equivalent to the Human Genome Project.
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이것은 인간 κ²Œλ†ˆ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈμ— μ€€ν•  만큼 μ€‘μš”ν•œ ν”„λ‘œμ νŠΈκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
19:54
It should be thought of as a biological moonshot with a timetable.
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달 탐사 λ‘œμΌ“μ„ λ°œμ‚¬ν•˜λŠ” 일처럼 μΉ˜λ°€ν•œ κ³„νšμ„ μ„Έμ›Œ 진행해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
19:59
So this brings me to my wish for TEDsters,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 이 μžλ¦¬μ— μ°Έμ„ν•˜μ‹  μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ³Ό
20:03
and to anyone else around the world who hears this talk.
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μ €μ˜ 이 이야기λ₯Ό λ“£λŠ” μ„Έμƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  λΆ„λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ°„μ ˆνžˆ ν¬λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:06
I wish we will work together to help create the key tools
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지ꡬ μƒλ¬Όμ˜ 닀양성을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λŠ” 데 힘이 될
20:12
that we need to inspire preservation of Earth's biodiversity.
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핡심 μˆ˜λ‹¨μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 데 우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
20:16
And let us call it the "Encyclopedia of Life."
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κ·Έ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ€ λ°”λ‘œ β€˜μƒλͺ…μ˜ λ°±κ³Όμ‚¬μ „β€™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:20
What is the "Encyclopedia of Life?" A concept that has already taken hold
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β€˜μƒλͺ…μ˜ λ°±κ³Όμ‚¬μ „β€™μ΄λž€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”? 사싀 이것은 이미 ν™•λ¦½λœ κ°œλ…μ΄κ³ 
20:24
and is beginning to spread and be looked at seriously?
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널리 퍼지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ μ–΄λ ΅κ³  μ‹¬μ˜€ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λ‚˜μš”?
20:28
It is an encyclopedia that lives on the Internet
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이 사전은 μΈν„°λ„·μƒμ—μ„œλ„ μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 있으며
20:31
and is contributed to by thousands of scientists around the world.
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μ „ 세계 수천 λͺ…μ˜ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:36
Amateurs can do it also.
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μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„ λ¬Όλ‘  μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆκ³ μš”
20:39
It has an indefinitely expandable page for each species.
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각 생물 쒅을 μœ„ν•œ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λŠ” λ¬΄ν•œλŒ€λ‘œ ν™•μž₯이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:44
It makes all key information about life on Earth accessible to anyone,
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지ꡬ에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” μƒλ¬Όμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  핡심 정보λ₯Ό μˆ˜λ‘ν•˜κ³  또 λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ—΄λžŒν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
20:50
on demand, anywhere in the world.
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세계 μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ“  ν•„μš”ν•˜λ©΄ μ–Έμ œλ“ μ§€ 말이죠
20:52
I've written about this idea before,
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μ œκ°€ 과거에 이 아이디어에 κ΄€ν•œ 글을 μ“΄ 적도 있고
20:56
and I know there are people in this room who have expended significant effort on it in the past.
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μ—¬κΈ° 계신 λΆ„λ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ 거기에 λ§Žμ€ λ…Έλ ₯을 μŸμ•˜λ˜ 뢄듀이 κ³„μ‹œλ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:03
But what excites me is that since I first put forward this particular idea in that form,
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ν•œνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ μ œκ°€ 기쁜 것은 μ œκ°€ 이 λ…νŠΉν•œ 생각을 처음 μ œμ•ˆν•œ 이후
21:11
science has advanced.
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과학은 μ§„λ³΄ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
21:13
Technology has moved forward.
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κΈ°μˆ λ„ λ°œμ „ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:16
Today, the practicalities of making such an encyclopedia,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이 백과사전을 λ§Œλ“€λ©΄μ„œ 얻을 수 μžˆλŠ” νš¨κ³ΌλŠ”
21:20
regardless of the magnitude of the information put into it, are within reach.
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ— μžˆλŠ” μ •λ³΄μ˜ 양이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ‰½κ²Œ κ΄€λ ¨ 정보λ₯Ό 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:26
Indeed, in the past year, a group of influential scientific institutions
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κ³Όκ±°μ—λŠ” 영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” 일뢀 κ³Όν•™ κΈ°κ΄€λ§Œμ΄
21:30
have begun mobilizing to realize this dream.
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이 κΏˆμ„ ν˜„μ‹€ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νž˜μ„ λͺ¨μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
21:34
I wish you would help them.
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이제 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ λ„μ™€μ£Όμ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€
21:37
Working together, we can make this real.
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ν•¨κ»˜ λ…Έλ ₯ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 κΏˆμ„ 이룰 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:41
The encyclopedia will quickly pay for itself in practical applications.
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λ¨Έμ§€μ•Šμ•„ 이 μ‚¬μ „μ˜ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:46
It will address transcendent qualities in the human consciousness, and sense of human need.
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λ™μ‹œμ— 이 μ‚¬μ „μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μ•Œκ³  ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•˜κ²Œ 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:52
It will transform the science of biology in ways of obvious benefit to humanity.
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그리고 생물학은 인λ₯˜μ— 도움이 λ˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 크게 λ³€ν™”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
21:58
And most of all, it can inspire a new generation of biologists
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무엇보닀 이 사전은 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μƒλ¬Όν•™μžμ—κ²Œ 큰 힘이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
22:03
to continue the quest that started, for me personally, 60 years ago:
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60λ…„ μ „ ν˜Όμžμ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 계속 μ΄μ–΄λ‚˜κ°ˆ 힘 λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
22:08
to search for life, to understand it and finally, above all, to preserve it.
224
1328700
5000
λ°”λ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 생λͺ…을 μ°Ύμ•„ 그것을 μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³  μ˜¨μ „νžˆ μ§€μΌœ λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
22:13
That is my wish. Thank you.
225
1333700
2000
이것이 μ €μ˜ μ†Œλ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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