Charles Limb: Building the musical muscle

111,406 views ใƒป 2011-12-01

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: HEOUNG GAHNG ๊ฒ€ํ† : Bianca Lee
00:15
Now when we think of our senses,
0
15260
5000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๋•Œ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ,
00:20
we don't usually think of the reasons
1
20260
2000
์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•ด ์™”๋Š”์ง€
00:22
why they probably evolved, from a biological perspective.
2
22260
2000
๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณด์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
00:24
We don't really think of the evolutionary need
3
24260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ• 
00:27
to be protected by our senses,
4
27260
2000
์ง„ํ™”์ ์ธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ,
00:29
but that's probably why our senses really evolved --
5
29260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:31
to keep us safe, to allow us to live.
6
31260
3000
๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด ์ง„ํ™” ํ•ด ์™”์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Really when we think of our senses,
7
34260
2000
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:36
or when we think of the loss of the sense,
8
36260
2000
๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ƒํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ
00:38
we really think about something more like this:
9
38260
2000
์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ฆ‰,
00:40
the ability to touch something luxurious, to taste something delicious,
10
40260
3000
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํ™”๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ์ ธ๋ณด๊ณ , ๋ง›์žˆ๋Š” ์Œ์‹์„ ๋ง›๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
00:43
to smell something fragrant,
11
43260
2000
์ข‹์€ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ
00:45
to see something beautiful.
12
45260
2000
๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
This is what we want out of our senses.
13
47260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
00:49
We want beauty; we don't just want function.
14
49260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” โ€˜๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์“ธ๋ชจ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒโ€™ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” '๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒโ€™์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
And when it comes to sensory restoration,
15
52260
2000
๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:54
we're still very far away from being able to provide beauty.
16
54260
3000
์•„์ง์€ ๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ,
00:57
And that's what I'd like to talk to you a little bit about today.
17
57260
3000
๊ทธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ข€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Likewise for hearing.
18
60260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
01:02
When we think about why we hear,
19
62260
2000
๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์‹ธ์ด๋ Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜
01:04
we don't often think about the ability to hear an alarm or a siren,
20
64260
3000
์‹ ํ˜ธ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
01:07
although clearly that's an important thing.
21
67260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:09
Really what we want to hear is music.
22
69260
3000
์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Œ์•…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
(Music)
23
72260
15000
์Œ์•…
01:27
So many of you know that that's Beethoven's Seventh Symphony.
24
87260
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค์˜ 7๋ฒˆ ๊ตํ–ฅ๊ณก์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
01:29
Many of you know that he was deaf, or near profoundly deaf,
25
89260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ณก์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ท€๋จธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ํ˜น์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜
01:32
when he wrote that.
26
92260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ž˜ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ .
01:34
Now I'd like to impress upon you
27
94260
2000
์ด์ œ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ
01:36
how unusual it is that we can hear music.
28
96260
3000
๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Music is just one of the strangest things that there is.
29
99260
3000
์Œ์•…์ด๋ž€ ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
It's acoustic vibrations in the air,
30
102260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง„๋™์œผ๋กœ์จ,
01:45
little waves of energy in the air that tickle our eardrum.
31
105260
3000
์ž‘์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ํŒŒ๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:48
Somehow in tickling our eardrum
32
108260
2000
๊ณ ๋ง‰์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ๋ง‰์˜ ์ž๊ทน์ด
01:50
that transmits energy down our hearing bones,
33
110260
2000
์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ณจ์— ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด
01:52
which get converted to a fluid impulse inside the cochlea
34
112260
3000
๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์œ ์ฒด์ž๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ ํ›„
01:55
and then somehow converted into an electrical signal in our auditory nerves
35
115260
3000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด ๋‡Œ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
01:58
that somehow wind up in our brains
36
118260
3000
๋‡Œ์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด
02:01
as a perception of a song or a beautiful piece of music.
37
121260
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
That process is entirely abstract and very, very unusual.
38
124260
3000
๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
And we could discuss that topic alone for days
39
127260
3000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ค‘์˜ ์ง„๋™์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:10
to really try to figure out, how is it that we hear something that's emotional
40
130260
4000
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ ค์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด
02:14
from something that starts out as a vibration in the air?
41
134260
3000
๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Turns out that if you have hearing loss,
42
137260
2000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:19
most people that lose their hearing
43
139260
2000
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚ด์ด(์•ˆ์ชฝ ๊ท€) ์—์žˆ๋Š”
02:21
lose it at what's called the cochlea, the inner ear.
44
141260
3000
๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์—์„œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์„ ์†์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And it's at the hair cell level that they do this.
45
144260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์† ์œ ๋ชจ์„ธํฌ์— ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Now if you had to pick a sense to lose,
46
147260
2000
์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์†์‹คํ•  ๋•Œ
02:29
I have to be very honest with you
47
149260
2000
์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
02:31
and say, we're better at restoring hearing
48
151260
2000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
02:33
than we are at restoring any sense that there is.
49
153260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
In fact, nothing even actually comes close
50
155260
2000
๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ฐํšŒ๋ณต๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„
02:37
to our ability to restore hearing.
51
157260
2000
๋”ฐ๋ฅด์ง€๋Š” ๋ชป ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€, ์˜์‚ฌ์ด์ž
02:39
And as a physician and a surgeon, I can confidently tell my patients
52
159260
3000
์™ธ๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋กœ์„œ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹  ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
02:42
that if you had to pick a sense to lose,
53
162260
2000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด
02:44
we are the furthest along medically and surgically with hearing.
54
164260
4000
์ง„๋ฃŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ์™ธ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
As a musician, I can tell you
55
168260
2000
์Œ์•…๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ
02:50
that if I had to have a cochlear implant,
56
170260
2000
๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:52
I'd be heartbroken. I'd just be plainly heartbroken,
57
172260
2000
๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์‹ค๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํฐ ์‹ค๋ง์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:54
because I know that music would never sound the same to me.
58
174260
4000
์Œ์•…์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Now this is a video that I'm going to show you
59
178260
3000
ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋†์•„์ธ ์–ด๋Š ์†Œ๋…€์˜
03:01
of a girl who's born deaf.
60
181260
2000
๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ์š”
03:03
She's in a very supportive environment.
61
183260
2000
์ด ์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ์œ ๋ณตํ•œ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ์•„์ด๋กœ์„œ
03:05
Her mother's doing everything she can.
62
185260
2000
์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Okay, play that video please.
63
187260
2000
๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:09
(Video) Mother: That's an owl.
64
189260
2000
์—„๋งˆ: ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ถ€์—‰์ด์•ผ
03:11
Owl, yeah.
65
191260
3000
๋ถ€์—‰์ด, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
03:18
Owl. Owl.
66
198260
3000
๋ถ€์—‰์ด ๋ถ€์—‰์ด.
03:21
Yeah.
67
201260
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€
03:28
Baby. Baby.
68
208260
3000
์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ์•„๊ฐ€.
03:31
You want it?
69
211260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ ์ค„๊นŒ?
03:34
(Kiss)
70
214260
3000
(ํ‚ค์Šค)
03:37
Charles Limb: Now despite everything going for this child
71
217260
2000
์˜จ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ
03:39
in terms of family support
72
219260
2000
์ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ
03:41
and simple infused learning,
73
221260
2000
๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค„์ง€๋ผ๋„,
03:43
there is a limitation to what a child who's deaf, an infant who was born deaf,
74
223260
3000
๋†์•„, ํŠนํžˆ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ท€๋จธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์ธ ์ด ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
03:46
has in this world
75
226260
2000
์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๊ต์œก์ 
03:48
in terms of social, educational, vocational opportunities.
76
228260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง์—…์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
I'm not saying that they can't live a beautiful, wonderful life.
77
231260
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ‹์žˆ๊ณ  ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
03:54
I'm saying that they're going to face obstacles
78
234260
2000
์ œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒช์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์žฅ์• ๋“ค์„
03:56
that most people who have normal hearing will not have to face.
79
236260
3000
๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
Now hearing loss and the treatment for hearing loss
80
239260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์ƒ์‹ค๊ณผ ์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”
04:01
has really evolved in the past 200 years.
81
241260
2000
์ง€๋‚œ 200๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋”๋””๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
I mean literally,
82
243260
2000
์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
04:05
they used to do things like stick ear-shaped objects onto your ears
83
245260
3000
๊น”๋•Œ๊ธฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€ ๊ท€ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
04:08
and stick funnels in.
84
248260
2000
๊ท€ ์†์— ๋„ฃ์–ด ์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
04:10
And that was the best you could do for hearing loss.
85
250260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒญ๊ฐ์ƒ์‹ค์— ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
Back then you couldn't even look at the eardrum.
86
252260
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ณ ๋ง‰์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
So it's not too surprising
87
254260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์ƒ์‹ค์˜ ์ข‹์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ด
04:16
that there were no good treatments for hearing loss.
88
256260
2000
์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:18
And now today we have the modern multi-channel cochlear implant,
89
258260
2000
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทผ๋Œ€์ ์ธ ๋‹ค ์ฑ„๋„ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋๊ณ 
04:20
which is an outpatient procedure.
90
260260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ž˜๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ๋„ ์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
It's surgically placed inside the inner ear.
91
262260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™ธ๊ณผ์  ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ด์ด์— ์ด์‹๋˜๋ฉฐ
04:24
It takes about an hour and a half to two hours, depending on where it's done,
92
264260
2000
์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์‹œ ์ด์‹์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „์‹ ๋งˆ์ทจ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜ ์—์„œ
04:26
under general anesthesia.
93
266260
2000
๋‘ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
And in the end, you achieve something like this
94
268260
2000
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ โ€˜๋‚˜์—ด๋œ ์ „๊ทนโ€™ ์„
04:30
where an electrode array is inserted inside the cochlea.
95
270260
3000
๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์†์— ๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ,
04:33
Now actually, this is quite crude
96
273260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์ด์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:35
in comparison to our regular inner ear.
97
275260
2000
๊น”๋”ํ•œ ํŽธ์€ ๋ชป๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
But here is that same girl who is implanted now.
98
277260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๊นŒ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ชจ์Šต ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
04:40
This is her 10 years later.
99
280260
2000
10๋…„ ํ›„ ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
And this is a video that was taken
100
282260
2000
์ด ์†Œ๋…€์˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋Š”, ์ €์˜ ์™ธ๊ณผ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์Šค์Šน์ธ
04:44
by my surgical mentor, Dr. John Niparko, who implanted her.
101
284260
2000
์ฃค ๋‹ˆํŒŒ์ปค ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์‹์‹œ์ˆ  ํ›„ ์ดฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
If we could play this video please.
102
286260
2000
๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
04:49
(Video) John Niparko: So you've written two books?
103
289260
2000
(๋น„๋””์˜ค)์ฃค ๋‹ˆํŒŒ์ปค : ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ผ๊ตฌ๋‚˜?
04:51
Girl: I have written two books. (Mother: Was the other one a book or a journal entry?)
104
291260
3000
์†Œ๋…€:์ฑ…์„ ๋‘ ๊ถŒ ์ผ์–ด์š”.(์—„๋งˆ:๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฑ…์ด์•ผ? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์žก์ง€๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์˜€๋‹ˆ?)
04:54
Girl: No, the other one was a book. (Mother: Oh, okay.)
105
294260
3000
์†Œ๋…€ : ์•„๋‡จ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฑ…์ด์—์š”.(์—„๋งˆ: ์˜ค, ๊ทธ๋ž˜.)
04:58
JN: Well this book has seven chapters,
106
298260
3000
JN: ์•„, ์ด ์ฑ…์€ ์ผ๊ณฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:01
and the last chapter
107
301260
3000
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์žฅ์€
05:04
is entitled "The Good Things About Being Deaf."
108
304260
4000
์ œ๋ชฉ์ด โ€œ๋†์•„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์„œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“คโ€์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
05:08
Do you remember writing that chapter?
109
308260
3000
์ด ์žฅ์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋‹ˆ?
05:11
Girl: Yes I do. I remember writing every chapter.
110
311260
3000
์†Œ๋…€: ๋„ค ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์š”. ๋ชจ๋“  ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์š”.
05:14
JN: Yeah.
111
314260
2000
JN: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
05:16
Girl: Well sometimes my sister can be kind of annoying.
112
316260
4000
์†Œ๋…€: ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ œ ๋™์ƒ์ด ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์š”.
05:20
So it comes in handy to not be annoyed by her.
113
320260
4000
์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํŽธํ•  ํ…๋ฐ.
05:24
JN: I see. And who is that?
114
324260
3000
JN : ์•„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜. ์ด๊ฑด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ง€?
05:27
Girl: Holly. (JN: Okay.)
115
327260
2000
์†Œ๋…€ : ํ™€๋ฆฌ์š”. (JN: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ๋‚˜)
05:29
Mother: Her sister. (JN: Her sister.) Girl: My sister.
116
329260
2000
์—„๋งˆ: ๊ทธ ์•  ๋™์ƒ์ด์š” (JN:์•„ ๋™์ƒ) ์†Œ๋…€ : ์ œ ๋™์ƒ์ด์š”
05:31
JN: And how can you avoid being annoyed by her?
117
331260
3000
JN : ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋™์ƒํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ์•ˆ ์„ฑ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ?
05:34
Girl: I just take off my CI, and I don't hear anything.
118
334260
3000
์†Œ๋…€: ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ CI๋ฅผ ๋นผ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ฃ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:37
(Laughter)
119
337260
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:39
It comes in handy.
120
339260
2000
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ด์š”.
05:41
JN: So you don't want to hear everything that's out there?
121
341260
3000
JN : ์•„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•ˆ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
05:44
Girl: No.
122
344260
2000
์†Œ๋…€: ๋„ค.
05:46
CL: And so she's phenomenal.
123
346260
2000
CL : ์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:48
And there's no way that you can't look at that as an overwhelming success.
124
348260
3000
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ์ฃ ?
05:51
It is. It's a huge success story in modern medicine.
125
351260
3000
์ •๋ง์ด์ง€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ์˜ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์‹คํ™” ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
However, despite this incredible facility
126
354260
3000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์‹๋œ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ
05:57
that some cochlear implant users display with language,
127
357260
2000
์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์‚ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:59
you turn on the radio and all of a sudden they can't hear music almost at all.
128
359260
4000
๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ „ํ˜€ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
In fact, most implant users really struggle
129
363260
2000
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด์‹๋œ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€
06:05
and dislike music because it sounds so bad.
130
365260
3000
์Œ์•…์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ƒํ•ด์„œ ๋“ฃ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
And so when it comes to this idea
131
368260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์—
06:10
of restoring beauty to somebody's life,
132
370260
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:12
we have a long way to go when it comes to audition.
133
372260
2000
์ฒญ์Œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ€๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
Now there are a lot of reasons for that.
134
374260
2000
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
I mentioned earlier the fact
135
376260
2000
์•ž์—์„œ๋„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ ํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด
06:18
that music is a different capacity because it's abstract.
136
378260
2000
์Œ์•…์ด๋ž€ ์ถ”์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Language is very different. Language is very precise.
137
380260
2000
์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:22
In fact, the whole reason we use it
138
382260
2000
์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
06:24
is because it has semantic-specificity.
139
384260
2000
์˜๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:26
When you say a word,
140
386260
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:28
what you care is that word was perceived correctly.
141
388260
2000
๊ทธ ๋ง์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€
06:30
You don't care that the word sounded pretty
142
390260
2000
๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
06:32
when it was spoken.
143
392260
2000
๋ฐ”๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
06:34
Music is entirely different.
144
394260
2000
์Œ์•…์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
When you hear music, if it doesn't sound good, what's the point?
145
396260
2000
์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:38
There's really very little point in listening to music
146
398260
2000
์Œ์•…์„ ๊ฐ์ƒํ• ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
06:40
when it doesn't sound good to you.
147
400260
2000
์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
The acoustics of music are much harder than those of language.
148
402260
3000
์Œ์•…์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ŒํŒŒ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
And you can see on this figure,
149
405260
2000
์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด
06:47
that the frequency range
150
407260
2000
์Œ์•…์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ
06:49
and the decibel range, the dynamic range of music
151
409260
2000
๋™๋ ฅ์  ์˜์—ญ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜์—ญ์€
06:51
is far more heterogeneous.
152
411260
2000
ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ด์งˆ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
So if we had to design a perfect cochlear implant,
153
413260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•  ๋•Œ,
06:55
what we would try to do
154
415260
2000
๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
06:57
is target it to be able to allow music transmission.
155
417260
3000
์Œ์•…์„ ์ „๋‹ฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
Because I always view music as the pinnacle of hearing.
156
420260
3000
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์Œ์•…์ด ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:03
If you can hear music,
157
423260
2000
์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด
07:05
you should be able to hear anything.
158
425260
2000
๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋“  ๋‹ค ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
Now the problems begin first with pitch perception.
159
427260
3000
์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์Œ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
I mean, most of us know that pitch is a fundamental building block of music.
160
430260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์Œ์ด '๊ณ , ์ €'๊ฐ€ ์Œ์•…์„ ์Œ“๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๋‹จ์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
And without the ability to perceive pitch well,
161
433260
2000
์Œ์˜ ๊ณ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด,
07:15
music and melody is a very difficult thing to do --
162
435260
3000
์Œ์•…์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  --
07:18
forget about a harmony and things like that.
163
438260
2000
ํ™”์Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์˜ˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
07:20
Now this is a MIDI arrangement of Rachmaninoff's Prelude.
164
440260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ โ€˜๋ผํ๋งˆ๋‹ˆ ๋…ธํ”„โ€™์˜ ์„œ๊ณก์„ MIDI(์•…๊ธฐ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค)๋กœ
07:23
Now if we could just play this.
165
443260
2000
์กฐํ•ฉ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š” ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉดโ€ฆ
07:25
(Music)
166
445260
24000
(์Œ์•…)
07:49
Okay, now if we consider
167
469260
3000
์ž ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด
07:52
that in a cochlear implant patient
168
472260
2000
๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€
07:54
pitch perception could be off as much as two octaves,
169
474260
3000
๋‘ ์˜ฅํƒ€๋ธŒ ์ •๋„ ์Œ์˜ ๊ณ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•ด์„œ
07:57
let's see what happens here
170
477260
2000
๋Œ€์ถฉ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ํ†ค์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด
07:59
when we randomize this to within one semitone.
171
479260
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
08:01
We would be thrilled if we had one semitone pitch perception in cochlear implant users.
172
481260
3000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹ ํ™˜์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์Œ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:04
Go ahead and play this one.
173
484260
2000
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋”์ฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.. ์ž ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
08:06
(Music)
174
486260
23000
(์Œ์•…)
08:29
Now my goal in showing you that
175
509260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•œ ์˜๋„๋Š”, ์Œ์•…์€, ์ข€ ํ›ผ์† ๋˜์–ด๋„ ๋  ์ •๋„๋กœ
08:31
is to show you that music is not robust to degradation.
176
511260
2000
๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
You distort it a little bit, especially in terms of pitch, and you've changed it.
177
513260
4000
ํŠนํžˆ ์Œ์˜ ๊ณ ์ €๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์™œ๊ณก์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ํ˜น์‹œ,
08:37
And it might be that you kind of like that.
178
517260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
08:39
That's kind of hypnotic.
179
519260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข€ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ด์ฃ .
08:41
But it certainly wasn't the way the music was intended.
180
521260
2000
๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฑด, ๊ทธ ์Œ์•…์ด ์›๋ž˜ ์˜๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
And you're not hearing the same thing
181
523260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Š ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณดํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฃ๋Š”
08:45
that most people who have normal hearing are hearing.
182
525260
2000
๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ์•…์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
08:47
Now the other issue comes with,
183
527260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:49
not just the ability to tell pitches apart,
184
529260
2000
์Œ์˜ ๊ณ ์ €๋ฅผ ์ง€์ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
08:51
but the ability to tell sounds apart.
185
531260
2000
์Œ์ƒ‰์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
08:53
Most cochlear implant users cannot tell the difference between an instrument.
186
533260
3000
์ด์‹๋œ ์ธ๊ณต๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€ ์•…๊ธฐ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
If we could play these two sound clips in succession.
187
536260
2000
๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
(Trumpet)
188
538260
2000
(ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
09:00
The trumpet.
189
540260
2000
ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ๊ณผ
09:02
And the second one.
190
542260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•…๊ธฐ
09:04
(Violin)
191
544260
1000
(๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ)
09:05
That's a violin.
192
545260
2000
์ด๊ฑด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ์ด์ฃ . ์ด ๋‘ ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์€
09:07
These have similar wave forms. They're both sustained instruments.
193
547260
2000
์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‘ ์•…๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์†์„ฑ ์Œ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
Cochlear implant users cannot tell the difference
194
549260
2000
์ธ๊ณต ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ๋‘ ์•…๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜
09:11
between these instruments.
195
551260
2000
์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
The sound quality, or the sound of the sound
196
553260
2000
์Œ์งˆ ํ˜น์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์ƒ‰์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ• ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ
09:15
is how I like to describe timbre, tone color --
197
555260
2000
โ€˜์Œ์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌโ€™ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
09:17
they cannot tell these things whatsoever.
198
557260
2000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
This implant is not transmitting
199
559260
3000
์ด์‹๋œ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์€ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•จ ์ด๋ž„๊นŒ..
09:22
the quality of music that usually provides things like warmth.
200
562260
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์Œ์งˆ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์ฃผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Now if you look at the brain of an individual who has a cochlear implant
201
565260
3000
์ธ๊ณต ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์„ ์ด์‹ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
09:28
and you have them listen to speech,
202
568260
2000
๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:30
have them listen to rhythm and have them listen to melody,
203
570260
2000
๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ ํ˜น์€ ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋””๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
09:32
what you find is that the auditory cortex
204
572260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐํ”ผ์งˆ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ๊ฒƒ์€
09:34
is the most active during speech.
205
574260
2000
๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
You would think that because these implants are optimized for speech,
206
576260
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด ์ธ๊ณต ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ง์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ๋˜๋„๋ก
09:38
they were designed for speech.
207
578260
2000
์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:40
But actually if you look at melody,
208
580260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฉœ๋กœ๋”” ์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
09:42
what you find is that there's very little cortical activity
209
582260
2000
์ด์‹ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ”ผ์งˆ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ๋ณดํ†ต์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด
09:44
in implant users compared with normal hearing controls.
210
584260
3000
์•„์ฃผ ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
So for whatever reason,
211
587260
2000
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ๋“ ,
09:49
this implant is not successfully stimulating auditory cortices
212
589260
3000
์ด์‹์ฒด๋Š” ์Œ์•…์˜ ์„ ์œจ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์กฐ์ง์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ
09:52
during melody perception.
213
592260
3000
์ž๊ทนํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
Now the next question is,
214
595260
2000
๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
09:57
well how does it really sound?
215
597260
2000
์–ด๋–ค ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์ฃ .
09:59
Now we've been doing some studies
216
599260
2000
์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
10:01
to really get a sense of what sound quality is like for these implant users.
217
601260
3000
์ด์‹ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์Œ์งˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
I'm going to play you two clips of Usher,
218
604260
2000
์–ด์…”์˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
10:06
one which is normal
219
606260
2000
์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
10:08
and one which has almost no high frequencies, almost no low frequencies
220
608260
2000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์™€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜
10:10
and not even that many mid frequencies.
221
610260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Go ahead and play that.
222
612260
2000
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹ค๊นŒ์š”.
10:14
(Music)
223
614260
4000
(์Œ์•…)
10:18
(Limited Frequency Music)
224
618260
6000
(์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์Œ์•…)
10:24
I had patients tell me that those sound the same.
225
624260
3000
ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ € ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
They cannot differentiate sound quality differences
226
627260
3000
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ € ๋‘ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์Œ์ƒ‰์„
10:30
between those two clips.
227
630260
2000
๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ž๋ฉด,
10:32
Again, we are very, very far away in just getting to where we want to get to.
228
632260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Now the question comes to mind: Is there any hope?
229
635260
3000
๊ณผ์—ฐ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€? ๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
And yes, there is hope.
230
638260
2000
๋„ค, ํฌ๋ง์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
Now I don't know if anybody knows who this is.
231
640260
2000
ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์•„์‹œ๋Š”์ง€์š”?
10:42
This is ... does somebody know?
232
642260
2000
์ด ๋ถ„ ....ํ˜น์‹œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•„์„ธ์š”?
10:44
This is Beethoven.
233
644260
3000
๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
Now why would we know what Beethoven's skull looks like?
234
647260
3000
๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค์˜ ๋‘๊ฐœ๊ณจ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฒƒ์€
10:50
Because his grave was exhumed.
235
650260
2000
๊ฒ€์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์„ ํŒŒํ—ค์ณค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
And it turns out that his temporal bones were harvested when he died
236
652260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ธก๋‘๊ณจ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจ ํ•ด์„œ
10:55
to try to look at the cause of his deafness,
237
655260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:57
which is why he has molding clay
238
657260
2000
๊ณจ ์•ˆ์— ํ™ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:59
and his skull is bulging out on the side there.
239
659260
2000
์˜† ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๊ฑฐ์ ธ ๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
But Beethoven composed music
240
661260
2000
๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค์€ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„
11:03
long after he lost his hearing.
241
663260
2000
์˜ค๋žœ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž‘๊ณก์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
What that suggests is that, even in the case of hearing loss,
242
665260
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ์‹ค ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„
11:08
the capacity for music remains.
243
668260
2000
์Œ์•…์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‚จ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
The brains remain hardwired for music.
244
670260
4000
๋‡Œ๋Š” ์Œ์•…๊ณผ ์ ‘์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:14
I've been very lucky to work with Dr. David Ryugo
245
674260
2000
์ €๋Š” ์šด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„ โ€˜๋ฐ์ด๋น— ๋ฅ˜๊ณ โ€™ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:16
where I've been working on deaf cats that are white
246
676260
3000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์„ ์žƒ์€ ํฐ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ์กฐ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€์„ ์ด์‹ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
11:19
and trying to figure out what happens when we give them cochlear implants.
247
679260
3000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
This is a cat that's been trained to respond to a trumpet for food.
248
682260
4000
์ด ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•ด ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
(Music)
249
687260
12000
(์Œ์•…)
11:41
Text: Beethoven doesn't excite her.
250
701260
2000
ํ•ด์„ค:๋ฒ ํ† ๋ฒค ์˜ ์Œ์•… ํšจ๊ณผ์—†์Œ.
11:44
(Music)
251
704260
11000
(์Œ์•…)
11:56
The "1812 Overture" isn't worth waking for.
252
716260
2000
"1812๋…„ ์„œ๊ณก" ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋ฅผ ๊นจ์šฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•จ.
12:01
(Trumpet)
253
721260
9000
(ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ)
12:11
But she jumps to action when called to duty!
254
731260
3000
์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ๋–ก ์ผ์–ด์„ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:14
(Trumpet)
255
734260
4000
(ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ)
12:18
CL: Now I'm not suggesting
256
738260
2000
์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฆผ : ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ € ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๊ฐ€,
12:20
that the cat is hearing that trumpet the way we're hearing it.
257
740260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํŠธ๋ŸผํŽซ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
I'm suggesting that with training
258
743260
2000
ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
12:25
you can imbue a musical sound with significance,
259
745260
3000
๊ณ ์–‘์ด์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์Œ์•…์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก
12:28
even in a cat.
260
748260
2000
ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
If we were to direct efforts
261
750260
2000
๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ธ์กฐ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์ด
12:32
towards training cochlear implant users to hear music --
262
752260
3000
์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ฃ๋„๋ก ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์™”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
12:35
because right now there's virtually no effort put towards that,
263
755260
3000
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด, ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด๋‚˜
12:38
no rehabilitative strategies,
264
758260
2000
์žฌํ™œ๊ณ„ํš ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
12:40
very little in the way of technological advances to actually improve music --
265
760260
3000
์Œ์•…์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋„๋ก ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ์ง„์ „์ด ๋ฏธ์•ฝํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ --
12:43
we would come a long way.
266
763260
2000
๋งŽ์€ ์ง„์ „์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
Now I want to show you one last video.
267
765260
3000
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
And this is of a student of mine named Joseph
268
768260
2000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ โ€˜์กฐ์…‰โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
12:50
who I had the good fortune to work with for three years in my lab.
269
770260
3000
์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์—์„œ 3๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
He's deaf, and he learned to play the piano
270
773260
3000
๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ž์ธ๋ฐ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ›„
12:56
after he received the cochlear implant.
271
776260
2000
ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ์—ฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
And here's a video of Joseph.
272
778260
3000
์กฐ์…‰์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
13:01
(Music)
273
781260
14000
(์Œ์•…)
13:45
(Video) Joseph: I was born in 1986.
274
825260
3000
(๋™์˜์ƒ)์กฐ์…‰: ์ €๋Š” 1986๋…„์ƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:48
And at about four months old,
275
828260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ›„ 4๊ฐœ์›” ๋•Œ
13:50
I was diagnosed with profoundly severe hearing loss.
276
830260
2000
์‹ฌํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์•  ํŒ์ •์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
13:52
Not long after,
277
832260
2000
์–ผ๋งˆ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
13:54
I was fitted with hearing aids.
278
834260
2000
๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋๋Š”๋ฐ
13:56
But although these hearing aids
279
836260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
13:58
were the most powerful hearing aids on the market at the time,
280
838260
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๋ณด์ฒญ๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ๋„
14:00
they weren't very helpful.
281
840260
2000
๋ณ„๋กœ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
So as a result, I had to rely on lip reading a lot,
282
842260
5000
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ž…์ˆ ์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์— ๋งŽ์ด ์˜์กดํ–ˆ๊ณ 
14:07
and I couldn't really hear what people were saying.
283
847260
2000
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
When I was 12 years old,
284
849260
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ด ๋‘ ์‚ด ๋•Œ,
14:11
I was one of the first few people in Singapore
285
851260
3000
์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›์€
14:14
who underwent cochlear implantation.
286
854260
3000
๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
And not long after I got my cochlear implant,
287
857260
4000
์ด์‹์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
14:21
I started learning how to play piano.
288
861260
2000
ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:23
And it was absolutely wonderful.
289
863260
2000
์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
Since then, I've never looked back.
290
865260
2000
๊ทธ ์ดํ›„ ์ €๋Š” ์˜›๋‚  ์ผ์€ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
14:27
CL: Joseph is phenomenal. He's brilliant.
291
867260
2000
์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฆผ : ์กฐ์…‰์€ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ์˜ํŠนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
He is now a medical student at Yale University,
292
869260
2000
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์˜๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
14:31
and he's contemplating a surgical career --
293
871260
2000
์™ธ๊ณผ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:33
one of the first deaf individuals to consider a career in surgery.
294
873260
3000
์ฒญ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒซ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
14:36
There are almost no deaf surgeons anywhere.
295
876260
3000
๋†์•„๋กœ์จ ์™ธ๊ณผ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
And this is really unheard of stuff, and this is all because of this technology.
296
879260
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋œ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
And the fact that he can play the piano like that
297
882260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์ฃผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
14:44
is a testament to his brain.
298
884260
2000
๊ทธ์˜ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
Truth of the matter is you can play the piano without a cochlear implant,
299
886260
3000
์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ฌํŒฝ์ด๊ด€ ์ด์‹ ์—†์ด ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
14:49
because all you have to do is press the keys at the right time.
300
889260
2000
์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ์˜ ๊ฑด๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
14:51
You don't actually have to hear it.
301
891260
2000
๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
14:53
I know he doesn't hear well, because I've heard him do Karaoke.
302
893260
3000
์ฃ ์…‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋ผ์˜ค์ผ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ž˜ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
(Laughter)
303
896260
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:58
And it's one of the most awful things --
304
898260
3000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ --
15:01
heartwarming, but awful.
305
901260
2000
์—ฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์ฃผ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ณธ์ธ์€ ์ž˜ ๋“ฃ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ˆ ์ฐธ ๋”ฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
(Laughter)
306
903260
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ).
15:05
And so there is certainly a lot of hope,
307
905260
2000
๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•œ๋ฐ,
15:07
but there's a lot more that needs to be done.
308
907260
2000
๋˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:09
So I just want to conclude with the following words.
309
909260
2000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ช‡๋งˆ๋”” ๋” ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
When it comes to restoration of hearing,
310
911260
2000
์ฒญ๊ฐํšŒ๋ณต์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ•œ
15:13
we have certainly come a long way, a remarkably long way.
311
913260
3000
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ, ์ •๋ง ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
And we have a much longer way to go
312
916260
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ฒญ๋ ฅํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
15:19
when it comes to the idea of restoring perfect hearing.
313
919260
2000
ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ธธ์ด ๋ฉ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
And let me tell you right now,
314
921260
2000
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๊ฒƒ์€,
15:23
it's fine that we would all be very happy with speech.
315
923260
2000
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
But I tell you, if we lost our hearing,
316
925260
2000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:27
if anyone here suddenly lost your hearing,
317
927260
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:29
you would want perfect hearing back.
318
929260
2000
์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ฒญ๊ฐ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์›ํ• ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
You wouldn't want decent hearing, you would want perfect hearing.
319
931260
3000
์ ๋‹นํžˆ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:34
Restoration of basic sensory function is critical.
320
934260
3000
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
And I don't mean to understate
321
937260
2000
๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜
15:39
how important it is to restore basic function.
322
939260
2000
์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ํ„ํ•˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:41
But it's really restoration of the ability to perceive beauty
323
941260
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์  ๊ฐ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜
15:44
where we can get inspiring.
324
944260
2000
์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:46
And I don't think that we should give up on beauty.
325
946260
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด์„  ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
And I want to thank you for your time.
326
948260
2000
์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:50
(Applause)
327
950260
3000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7