Andrew Blum: What is the Internet, really?

447,880 views ใƒป 2012-09-19

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Steven Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Nicholas Lee
00:16
I've always written primarily about architecture,
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์ „ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ ,
00:18
about buildings, and writing about architecture
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๊ฑด๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฑด์ถ• ๋’ค์—”
00:20
is based on certain assumptions.
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์ˆจ์€ ์ „์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
An architect designs a building, and it becomes a place,
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
00:25
or many architects design many buildings, and it becomes
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๋˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:28
a city, and regardless of this complicated mix of forces
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:31
of politics and culture and economics that shapes
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๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—
00:33
these places, at the end of the day, you can go
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:36
and you can visit them. You can walk around them.
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๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ๊ฑธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:39
You can smell them. You can get a feel for them.
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๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ๋งก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
You can experience their sense of place.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:44
But what was striking to me over the last several years
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๋™์•ˆ
00:47
was that less and less was I going out into the world,
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๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์ ์  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ,
00:50
and more and more, I was sitting in front of my computer screen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ ์ , ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
And especially since about 2007, when I got an iPhone,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ดํฐ์„ ์ƒ€๋˜ 2007๋…„์ฏค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
00:58
I was not only sitting in front of my screen all day,
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๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ ์•ž์—๋งŒ ์•‰์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:59
but I was also getting up at the end of the day
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์ œ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ ์†์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์ž๊ทธ๋งˆํ•œ ํ™”๋ฉด๋„
01:02
and looking at this little screen that I carried in my pocket.
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
And what was surprising to me was how quickly
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด ๋†€๋ผ์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€
01:08
my relationship to the physical world had changed.
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๊ทธํ† ๋ก ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๋†€๋ผ์› ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
In this very short period of time, you know, whether you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ,
01:12
call it the last 15 years or so of being online, or the last,
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์ง€๋‚œ 15๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋“  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ•˜๋“ ,
01:16
you know, four or five years of being online all the time,
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๋˜๋Š” 4๋…„, 5๋…„๋™์•ˆ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ•˜๋“ ,
01:19
our relationship to our surroundings had changed in that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:22
our attention is constantly divided. You know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘๋ ฅ์ด ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
we're both looking inside the screens and we're looking
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ํ™”๋ฉด ์† ์„ธ์ƒ, ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:26
out in the world around us.
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ํ™”๋ฉด ์† ์„ธ์ƒ, ๋ฐ”๊นฅ ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:28
And what was even more striking to me, and what I really
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋”์šฑ ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์€,
01:31
got hung up on, was that the world inside the screen
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•œ ์ ์€, ํ™”๋ฉด์†์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ผ ๋ฟ
01:34
seemed to have no physical reality of its own.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
If you went and looked for images of the Internet,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ์ด ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:40
this was all that you found, this famous image by Opte
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์ด ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์€
01:43
of the Internet as the kind of Milky Way, this infinite expanse
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋””์—๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ๋ณธ ์ ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์ธ
01:47
where we don't seem to be anywhere on it.
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Opte์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
We can never seem to grasp it in its totality.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ทธ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
It's always reminded me of the Apollo image of the Earth,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„ํด๋กœ ํ˜ธ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„
01:55
the blue marble picture, and it's similarly meant to suggest,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:57
I think, that we can't really understand it as a whole.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ ,
02:00
We're always sort of small in the face of its expanse.
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๋˜ ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ•œ์—†์ด ์ž‘์Œ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
So if there was this world and this screen, and if there was
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์ผ ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ์ด ํ™”๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ™”๋ฉด ์ƒ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€
02:07
the physical world around me, I couldn't ever get them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:10
together in the same place.
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์ €๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋™์‹œ์— ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
And then this happened.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์กŒ์ฃ .
02:16
My Internet broke one day, as it occasionally does,
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๊ฐ€๋” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
02:19
and the cable guy came to fix it, and he started with
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ ์˜จ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋Š” ์†ŒํŒŒ ๋’ค์— ์žˆ๋Š”
02:22
the dusty clump of cables behind the couch,
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๋จผ์ง€ํˆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ „์„ ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ
02:24
and he followed it to the front of my building and into the basement and out to the back yard,
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๋น™ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ์ง€ํ•˜์‹ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋’ท๋œฐ๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ๋Š”
02:27
and there was this big jumble of cables against the wall.
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๋ฒฝ์— ๋ถ™์€ ์ „์„  ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And then he saw a squirrel running along the wire,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ „์„ ์„ ํƒ€๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ฃ .
02:32
and he said, "There's your problem.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
02:35
A squirrel is chewing on your Internet." (Laughter)
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ค์š”. ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋œฏ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”." (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:40
And this seemed astounding. The Internet is
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์ œ๊ฒ ๋†€๋ผ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€
02:43
a transcendent idea. It's a set of protocols that has changed
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์ดˆ์›”์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ๋ฐ, ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
02:46
everything from shopping to dating to revolutions.
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์‡ผํ•‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ˜๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๊พผ ๊ฑด๋ฐ,
02:49
It was unequivocally not something
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๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
02:52
a squirrel could chew on. (Laughter)
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๋ฌผ์–ด ๋œฏ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:55
But that in fact seemed to be the case.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:57
A squirrel had in fact chewed on my Internet. (Laughter)
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๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋œฏ์€ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:00
And then I got this image in my head of what would happen
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:03
if you yanked the wire from the wall and if you started
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ด ์ „์„ ์„ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
03:05
to follow it. Where would it go?
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์–ด๋””๋กœ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
03:06
Was the Internet actually a place that you could visit?
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด๋ž€ ๋“ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์ผ๊นŒ?
03:10
Could I go there? Who would I meet?
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๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ผ๊นŒ? ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
03:11
You know, was there something actually out there?
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹ค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?
03:15
And the answer, by all accounts, was no.
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๋‹ต์€ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ "์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค"์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
This was the Internet, this black box with a red light on it,
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๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์ง€๋Š” ์ด ๊นŒ๋งŒ ๋ฐ•์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:21
as represented in the sitcom "The IT Crowd."
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์‹œํŠธ์ฝค "The IT Crowd"์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ฃ .
03:24
Normally it lives on the top of Big Ben,
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๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ ์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜๋„๋ก
03:28
because that's where you get the best reception,
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๋น…๋ฒค ์œ„์— ๋‘๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:31
but they had negotiated that their colleague could borrow it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ›„์— ์žˆ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์— ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
03:34
for the afternoon to use in an office presentation.
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์ž ์‹œ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
The elders of the Internet were willing to part with it
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ˆ˜๋‡Œ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:39
for a short while, and she looks at it and she says,
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์ž ์‹œ๋™์•ˆ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ฌป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
"This is the Internet? The whole Internet? Is it heavy?"
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"์ด๊ฒŒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด์•ผ? ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์•ผ? ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ?"
03:46
They say, "Of course not, the Internet doesn't weigh anything."
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"๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋”จ์–ด."
03:50
And I was embarrassed. I was looking for this thing
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์ข€ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋‚˜ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฑธ
03:52
that only fools seem to look for.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
03:54
The Internet was that amorphous blob, or it was a silly
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ๋น„์ •ํ˜•์˜ ๋ฉ์–ด๋ฆฌ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
03:57
black box with a blinking red light on it.
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๋นจ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š”
03:59
It wasn't a real world out there.
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๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ•์Šค์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:02
But, in fact, it is. There is a real world of the Internet out there,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
and that's what I spent about two years visiting,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” 2๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„,
04:07
these places of the Internet. I was in large data centers
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ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ๋นจ์•„ ๋จน๋Š”
04:10
that use as much power as the cities in which they sit,
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๋Œ€ํ˜• ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
and I visited places like this, 60 Hudson Street in New York,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ๊ฐ€ 60๋ฒˆ์ง€์ธ๋ฐ,
04:16
which is one of the buildings in the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด
04:18
one of a very short list of buildings, about a dozen buildings,
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ํ•œ 12๊ฐœ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:21
where more networks of the Internet connect to each other
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๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€
04:23
than anywhere else.
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์ ‘์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
And that connection is an unequivocally physical process.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
It's about the router of one network, a Facebook or
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ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ, ๊ตฌ๊ธ€, B.T., ์ฝค์บ์ŠคํŠธ,
04:30
a Google or a B.T. or a Comcast or a Time Warner, whatever it is,
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ํƒ€์ž„ ์›Œ๋„ˆ ๋“ฑ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋กœ
04:33
connecting with usually a yellow fiber optic cable up into
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๋…ธ๋ž€ ๊ด‘์„ฌ์œ  ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:35
the ceiling and down into the router of another network,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„คํŠธ์›์˜ ๋ผ์šฐํ„ฐ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š”
04:38
and that's unequivocally physical, and it's surprisingly intimate.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ๋ฉด์„œ ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„ ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
A building like 60 Hudson, and a dozen or so others,
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ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ๊ฐ€ 60๋ฒˆ์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  12๊ฐœ ์ •๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ๋“ค์€
04:46
has 10 times more networks connecting within it
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๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์˜ ์ธต๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ ‘์†์ด
04:48
than the next tier of buildings.
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์•ฝ 10๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
There's a very short list of these places.
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์•ฝ 10๋ฐฐ ์ •๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And 60 Hudson in particular is interesting because it's home
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ํ—ˆ๋“œ์Šจ ๊ฐ€ 60๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด์ € ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋กœ
04:55
to about a half a dozen very important networks,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
04:57
which are the networks which serve the undersea cables
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„คํŠธ์›์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
05:00
that travel underneath the ocean
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋„คํŠธ์›์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ
05:02
that connect Europe and America and connect all of us.
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์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
And it's those cables in particular that I want to focus on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด๊ณ , ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
If the Internet is a global phenomenon, if we live
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ดŒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:12
in a global village, it's because there are cables underneath
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์ € ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ์—
05:14
the ocean, cables like this.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
And in this dimension, they are incredibly small.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
You can you hold them in your hand. They're like a garden hose.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์† ์œ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ •์› ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:22
But in the other dimension they are incredibly expansive,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
as expansive as you can imagine.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด‘๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
They stretch across the ocean. They're three or five
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12,000km๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:30
or eight thousand miles in length, and
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12,000km๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:33
if the material science and the computational technology
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
05:36
is incredibly complicated, the basic physical process
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ผ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
is shockingly simple. Light goes in on one end of the ocean
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์ด ์ผœ์ง€๋ฉด
05:43
and comes out on the other, and it usually comes
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๊ทธ ๋ถˆ์ด ํ•œ์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
05:46
from a building called a landing station that's often
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๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋Š” ์ง€์ƒ๋ฌด์„ ๊ตญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
05:49
tucked away inconspicuously in a little seaside neighborhood,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
and there are amplifiers that sit on the ocean floor
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Œ€์–‘์ €์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐธ๋‹ค๋žญ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
05:54
that look kind of like bluefin tuna, and every 50 miles
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ์•ฝ 80km๋งˆ๋‹ค
05:57
they amplify the signal, and since the rate of transmission
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์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ, ์ „์†ก๋น„์œจ์ด ์—„์ฒญ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ ,
06:01
is incredibly fast, the basic unit is a 10-gigabit-per-second
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์ดˆ๋‹น 10 gigabit ์งœ๋ฆฌ ๊ด‘ํŒŒ(ๅ…‰ๆณข)๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์œ ๋‹›์ด๋ฉฐ,
06:04
wavelength of light, maybe a thousand times your own
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์ธ ์†๋„์˜ ์•ฝ 1,000๋ฐฐ,
06:06
connection, or capable of carrying 10,000 video streams,
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๋˜๋Š” 10,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
but not only that, but you'll put not just one wavelength of light
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ•œ ์„ฌ์œ ์—๋งŒ
06:13
through one of the fibers, but you'll put maybe
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50-70๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์žฅ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ด‘์ƒ‰(ๅ…‰่‰ฒ)์ด ํ†ตํ•˜๊ณ 
06:16
50 or 60 or 70 different wavelengths or colors of light
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๊ฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฌ์œ  4๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ์”ฉ ํ•ด์„œ
06:19
through a single fiber, and then you'll have maybe
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ํ•œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์•ˆ์— ์•ฝ 8๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
eight fibers in a cable, four going in each direction.
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ํ•œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์•ˆ์— ์•ฝ 8๊ฐ€๋‹ฅ์˜ ์„ฌ์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
And they're tiny. They're the thickness of a hair.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘๊ณ  ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์นด๋‹ฅ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
And then they connect to the continent somewhere.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
They connect in a manhole like this. Literally,
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8,000 km์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด
06:32
this is where the 5,000-mile cable plugs in.
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๋งจํ™€์— ์ ‘์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
This is in Halifax, a cable that stretches from Halifax to Ireland.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํ• ๋ฆฌํŒฉ์Šค๋กœ, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์€ ํ• ๋ฆฌํŒฉ์Šค๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ป—์–ด์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
And the landscape is changing. Three years ago,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ’๊ฒฝ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
when I started thinking about this, there was one cable
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ 3๋…„ ์ „, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์„œ๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ˆ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ
06:44
down the Western coast of Africa, represented
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ ์†ก์˜ ์ด ์ง€๋„์—
06:48
in this map by Steve Song as that thin black line.
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๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ์„  ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Now there are six cables and more coming, three down each coast.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐ ํ•ด์•ˆ์•„๋ž˜์— 3๊ฐœ์”ฉ, ์ด 6๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
Because once a country gets plugged in by one cable,
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
06:58
they realize that it's not enough. If they're going to build
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
an industry around it, they need to know that their connection
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์‚ฐ์—… ์œก์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ์ ‘์†์ด ๋นˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:02
isn't tenuous but permanent, because if a cable breaks,
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์‚ฐ์—… ์œก์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ์ ‘์†์ด ๋นˆ์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:05
you have to send a ship out into the water, throw
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
07:07
a grappling hook over the side, pick it up, find the other end,
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๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ๊ฑด์ ธ ๋‚ด์„œ
07:10
and then fuse the two ends back together and then dump it over.
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๋Š์–ด์ง„ ์–‘์ชฝ์„ ๋ผ์šฐ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
It's an intensely, intensely physical process.
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๊ทนํžˆ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์ด์ฃ .
07:18
So this is my friend Simon Cooper, who until very recently
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ํƒ€ํƒ€์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋˜
07:22
worked for Tata Communications, the communications wing
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—… ํƒ€ํƒ€์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๋˜
07:25
of Tata, the big Indian industrial conglomerate.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ ์ฟ ํผ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
And I've never met him. We've only communicated
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
07:31
via this telepresence system, which always makes me
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ผ์„œ
07:34
think of him as the man inside the Internet. (Laughter)
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์ธ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:38
And he is English. The undersea cable industry
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด์ € ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์‚ฐ์—…์€
07:41
is dominated by Englishmen, and they all seem to be 42.
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์™ ์ง€ 42์„ธ์˜ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
07:45
(Laughter) Because they all started at the same time
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์•ฝ 20๋…„ ์ „์— ๋ถ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:48
with the boom about 20 years ago.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
And Tata had gotten its start as a communications business
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒ€ํƒ€๋Š” ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฐ์—…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด
07:54
when they bought two cables, one across the Atlantic
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘๊ณผ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š”
07:56
and one across the Pacific, and proceeded to add pieces
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์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™•์žฅํ•ด์„œ
07:59
onto them, until they had built a belt around the world,
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
which means they will send your bits to the East or the West.
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๋™์„œ ์Œ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†ก ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹จ ์–˜๊ธด๋ฐ,
08:05
They have -- this is literally a beam of light around the world,
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๋น›์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:07
and if a cable breaks in the Pacific, it'll send it around
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ํƒœํ‰์–‘ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
08:10
the other direction. And then having done that,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:13
they started to look for places to wire next.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์„ค์น˜์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
They looked for the unwired places, and that's meant
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ๋“ค, ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ, ๋‚จ์ชฝ,
08:19
North and South, primarily these cables to Africa.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
But what amazes me is Simon's incredible geographic imagination.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ ์”จ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ๋ฐ,
08:26
He thinks about the world with this incredible expansiveness.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด‘ํ™œํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
And I was particularly interested because I wanted to see
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ํ•ด์ € ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์„ค์น˜๋ฅผ
08:32
one of these cables being built. See, you know, all the time
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์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
online we experience these fleeting moments of connection,
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ํŠธ์œ—์ด๋‚˜ ํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ถ ๋˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
08:37
these sort of brief adjacencies, a tweet or a Facebook post
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์งง์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
08:40
or an email, and it seemed like there was a physical corollary to that.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
It seemed like there was a moment when the continent
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๋Œ€๋ฅ™๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์ด ์ ‘์ด‰ํ•˜๋Š”
08:46
was being plugged in, and I wanted to see that.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
And Simon was working on a new cable,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ด๋จผ ์”จ๋Š” ์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ํ•ด์•ˆ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ณธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
08:51
WACS, the West Africa Cable System, that stretched
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์ฝ”ํŠธ๋””๋ถ€์•„๋ฅด, ๊ฐ€๋‚˜, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ์นด๋ฉ”๋ก ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:54
from Lisbon down the west coast of Africa,
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์ฝ”ํŠธ๋””๋ถ€์•„๋ฅด, ๊ฐ€๋‚˜, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ์นด๋ฉ”๋ก ๊นŒ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:56
to Cote d'Ivoire, to Ghana, to Nigeria, to Cameroon.
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์„œ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(WACS)์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
And he said there was coming soon, depending
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋•Œ
09:01
on the weather, but he'd let me know when,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์™€๋ณด๋ผ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
09:03
and so with about four days notice, he said to go
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ํ•œ ๋‚˜ํ˜ ์ •๋„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:06
to this beach south of Lisbon, and a little after 9,
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๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ณธ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด๋ณ€์— ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
09:09
this guy will walk out of the water. (Laughter)
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9์‹œ๊ฐ„์ •๋„ ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๋ฉด์„œ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:13
And he'll be carrying a green nylon line, a lightweight line,
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๋ฉ”์‹ ์ € ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ๋‚˜์ผ๋ก  ์„ ์„
09:17
called a messenger line, and that was the first link
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๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์œก์ง€์™€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
09:20
between sea and land, this link that would then be
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•ฝ 1.5๋งŒ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜
09:22
leveraged into this 9,000-mile path of light.
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๊ด‘๋„(ๅ…‰้“)๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Then a bulldozer began to pull the cable in from this
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์ƒ๋ฅ™์„ ์—์„œ
09:29
specialized cable landing ship, and it was floated
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๋ถˆ๋„์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„
09:32
on these buoys until it was in the right place.
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์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
Then you can see the English engineers looking on.
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
09:38
And then, once it was in the right place, he got back
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ œ์ž๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋Œ์–ด ๋†“์€ ๋‹ค์Œ์—
09:40
in the water holding a big knife, and he cut each buoy off,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํฐ ์นผ์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ€
09:44
and the buoy popped up into the air, and the cable
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์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ผ ์•‰๊ฒŒ
09:46
dropped to the sea floor, and he did that all the way out
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๋ฐฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ถ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
09:48
to the ship, and when he got there,
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์Šน์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์Šค์™€ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๋จน๊ณ 
09:50
they gave him a glass of juice and a cookie,
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์Šน์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ฃผ์Šค์™€ ์ฟ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ๋จน๊ณ 
09:52
and then he jumped back in, and he swam back to shore,
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์ดํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ—ค์—„์ณ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ๋Š”
09:55
and then he lit a cigarette. (Laughter)
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๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋”๊ตฐ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
10:02
And then once that cable was on shore,
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์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์ด ํ•ด๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋ฉด
10:05
they began to prepare to connect it to the other side,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์œผ๋กœ, ์ฆ‰ ์ง€์ƒ๋ฌด์„ ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋Œ์–ด์˜จ
10:08
for the cable that had been brought down from the landing station.
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์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
And first they got it with a hacksaw, and then they start
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๋จผ์ € ์‡ ํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งˆ์น˜
10:14
sort of shaving away at this plastic interior with a --
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์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์žฅ์ด ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋“ฏ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์†์„ ๊นŽ์•„ ๋‚ด๊ณ ,
10:17
sort of working like chefs, and then finally they're working
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„๊นŒ ์ „์— ๋Œ์–ด ์˜จ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๊ณผ
10:19
like jewelers to get these hair-thin fibers to line up
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณต์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋Š๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ฅผ ์•„๊นŒ ์ „์— ๋Œ์–ด ์˜จ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๊ณผ
10:22
with the cable that had come down,
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๋งž์ถฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•œ ํ›„์—
10:23
and with this hole-punch machine they fuse it together.
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๊ตฌ๋ฉ ๋šซ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And when you see these guys going at this cable with a hacksaw,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‡ ํ†ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ž๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:30
you stop thinking about the Internet as a cloud.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์น˜ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
It starts to seem like an incredibly physical thing.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
And what surprised me as well was that as much as this
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด
10:39
is based on the most sophisticated technology, as much
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์ •๊ตํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
10:42
as this is an incredibly new thing, the physical process
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธด ํ•ด๋„, ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณผ์ •์€
10:44
itself has been around for a long time, and the culture is the same.
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์ด๋ฏธ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์กด์žฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
You see the local laborers. You see the English engineer
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์ง€์—ญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
giving directions in the background. And more importantly,
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์˜๊ตญ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋’ค์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ธ๋ถ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:53
the places are the same. These cables still connect
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด
10:56
these classic port cities, places like Lisbon, Mombasa,
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๋ฆฌ์Šค๋ณธ, ๋ชธ๋ฐ”์‚ฌ, ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
10:59
Mumbai, Singapore, New York.
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ๋„์‹œ์—, ์ฆ‰ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And then the process on shore takes around three or four days,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์€ 3~4์ผ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
11:06
and then, when it's done, they put the manhole cover
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋๋‚˜๋ฉด ์œ„์— ๋งจํ™€ ๋šœ๊ป‘์„ ๋‹ซ์€ ํ›„
11:11
back on top, and they push the sand over that,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋งค์žฅํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณง
11:13
and we all forget about it.
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์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
And it seems to me that we talk a lot about the cloud,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
11:19
but every time we put something on the cloud,
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
we give up some responsibility for it.
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์— ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฑ…์ž„๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
We are less connected to it. We let other people worry about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋– ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋Š”๋ฐ,
11:27
And that doesn't seem right.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
There's a great Neal Stephenson line where he says
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๋‹ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šจ์ด ๋งํ•œ ๋ช…์–ธ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:30
that wired people should know something about wires.
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"์œ ์„ ์˜ ๋“์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž๋Š” ์ „์„ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค"๊ณ .
11:35
And we should know, I think, we should know
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š”์ง€
11:37
where our Internet comes from, and we should know
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
11:40
what it is that physically, physically connects us all.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•Œ์•„์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
Thank you. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:47
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:49
Thanks. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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