Magnus Larsson: Turning dunes into architecture

83,458 views ใƒป 2009-11-26

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Zyi Ryong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jinsuk Lee
00:15
It's a bit funny to be
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์•„์ง ์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
00:17
at a conference dedicated to things not seen,
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์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ
00:19
and present my proposal to build
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ
00:22
a 6,000-kilometer-long wall
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6,000 ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”
00:24
across the entire African continent.
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์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
About the size of the Great Wall of China,
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์ค‘๊ตญ ๋งŒ๋ฆฌ์žฅ์„ฑ์— ๋ฒ„๊ธˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ
00:30
this would hardly be an invisible structure.
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๋ˆˆ์— ์•ˆ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
And yet it's made from parts that are invisible, or near-invisible, to the naked eye:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์•„์˜ˆ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
00:37
bacteria and grains of sand.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
Now, as architects we're trained to solve problems.
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆ™๋‹ฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
But I don't really believe in architectural problems;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑด์ถ•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
I only believe in opportunities.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Which is why I'll show you a threat,
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์ด์ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์œ„ํ˜‘์˜ ์ง•ํ›„์™€
00:49
and an architectural response.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ•์  ๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
The threat is desertification.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด๊ณ ,
00:55
My response is a sandstone wall
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๋Œ€์‘์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌ์•”๋ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
made from bacteria and solidified sand,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ
01:00
stretching across the desert.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ๋ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
Now, sand is a magical material
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
01:06
of beautiful contradictions.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ชจ์ˆœ์ ์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
It is simple and complex.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:11
It is peaceful and violent.
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ํ‰์˜จํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
It is always the same, never the same,
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์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
01:15
endlessly fascinating.
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๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๋งค๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
One billion grains of sand
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž 10์–ต๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
01:19
come into existence in the world each second.
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๋งค์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
That's a cyclical process.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ˆœํ™˜๊ณผ์ •์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
01:25
As rocks and mountains die,
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๋ฐ”์œ„์™€ ์‚ฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉฐ,
01:27
grains of sand are born.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Some of those grains may then cement naturally into sandstone.
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๊ทธ ์ž…์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์•”์œผ๋กœ ๊ตณ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
And as the sandstone weathers, new grains break free.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์•”์ด ํ’ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
01:36
Some of those grains may then accumulate
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
01:38
on a massive scale,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ ๋˜์–ด
01:40
into a sand dune.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
In a way, the static, stone mountain
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์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ •์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”์œ„์‚ฐ์ด
01:46
becomes a moving mountain of sand.
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์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜์‚ฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
But, moving mountains can be dangerous. Let me try and explain why.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ์‚ฐ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, ๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:53
Dry areas cover more than one third of the Earth's land surfaces.
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๊ฑด์กฐ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด์œก์ง€๋ฉด์ ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
Some are already deserts;
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:59
others are being seriously degraded by the sand.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:02
Just south of the Sahara we find the Sahel.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์—๋Š” ๋Œ€์ดˆ์› ์‚ฌํ—ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
The name means "edge of the desert."
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์‚ฌํ—ฌ์€ "์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„"๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
And this is the region most closely associated with desertification.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
It was here in the late '60s and early '70s
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 60๋…„๋Œ€ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๊ณผ 70๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ
02:15
that major droughts brought three million people
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์œผ๋กœ 300๋งŒ๋ช…์ด
02:18
to become dependent upon emergency food aid,
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๊ธด๊ธ‰์‹๋Ÿ‰์›์กฐ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:21
with about up to 250,000 dying.
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25๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
This is a catastrophe waiting to happen again.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฌ์•™์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
02:26
And it's one that gets very little attention.
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๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
In our accelerated media culture,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ
02:31
desertification is simply too slow
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์ฃผ์š” ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
02:34
to reach the headlines.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:36
It's nothing like a tsunami or a Katrina:
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๋Š” ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ธ ์นดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜์™€๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
too few crying children and smashed up houses.
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์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด, ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ์ง‘์˜ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์ฃ .
02:44
And yet desertification
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๋Š”
02:46
is a major threat on all continents,
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์ „ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ,
02:48
affecting some 110 countries
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ 110 ์—ฌ๊ฐœ๊ตญ๊ณผ
02:51
and about 70 percent of the world's agricultural drylands.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€์˜ ์•ฝ 70%์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
It seriously threatens the livelihoods
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:00
of millions of people,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
and especially in Africa and China.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
03:05
And it is largely an issue that we've created for ourselves
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ•œํ•œ ์ž์›์„
03:08
through unsustainable use of scarce resources.
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
So, we get climate change.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ ,
03:14
We get droughts,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„,
03:15
increased desertification,
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™” ์ฆ๊ฐ€,
03:17
crashing food systems, water scarcity,
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์‹ํ’ˆ์ฒด๊ณ„, ์ˆ˜์ž์›๋ถ€์กฑ,
03:20
famine, forced migration,
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๊ธฐ๊ทผ, ๊ฐ•์ œ์ด์ฃผ,
03:24
political instability, warfare, crisis.
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์ •์น˜์  ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์ „์Ÿ, ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
That's a potential scenario
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
03:30
if we fail to take this seriously.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
But, how far away is it?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์€ ์ผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
03:34
I went to Sokoto in northern Nigeria
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ์†Œ์ฝ”ํ† (Sokoto)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์„œ
03:36
to try and find out how far away it is.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
The dunes here move southward at a pace of around 600 meters a year.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์•ฝ 600๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋‚จ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
That's the Sahara eating up almost [two meters] a day of the arable land,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€ 1๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ์ง‘์–ด์‚ผํ‚ค๋Š” ์…ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
03:47
physically pushing people away from their homes.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ„ฐ์ „์—์„œ ๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
Here I am -- I'm the second person on the left --
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ „๋ฐ์š”, ์ขŒ์ธก์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:56
with the elders in Gidan-Kara,
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๊ธฐ๋‹จ์นด๋ผ(Gidan-Kara)์—์„œ ๋งˆ์„ ์›๋กœ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
a tiny village outside of Sokoto.
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์†Œ์ฝ”ํ†  ์™ธ๊ณฝ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์ด์ฃ .
04:02
They had to move this village in 1987
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์ด๋“ค์€ 1987๋…„ ๋งˆ์„์„ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
04:04
as a huge dune threatened to swallow it.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์ด ๋งˆ์„์„ ์ง‘์–ด์‚ผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:07
So, they moved the entire village, hut by hut.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งˆ์„ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ, ์ง‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ, ์˜ฎ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
This is where the village used to be.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์›๋ž˜ ๋งˆ์„์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
It took us about 10 minutes to climb up to the top of that dune,
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์ € ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋• ์ •์ƒ์— ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ 10๋ถ„ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
which goes to show why they had to move to a safer location.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
That's the kind of forced migration
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฐ•์ œ์ด์ฃผ๋กœ,
04:22
that desertification can lead to.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
If you happen to live close to the desert border,
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ธ์ ‘์ง€์—ญ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:27
you can pretty much calculate how long it will be
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ ,
04:29
before you have to carry your kids away,
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์ง‘์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:31
and abandon your home and your life as you know it.
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๋์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Now, sand dunes cover only about one fifth of our deserts.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์€ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ „์ฒด์˜ 5๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
And still, those extreme environments are very good places
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„, ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๊ทนํ•œํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€
04:43
if we want to stop the shifting sands.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ๋ง‰๋Š”๋ฐ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Four years ago, 23 African countries
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4๋…„ ์ „, ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด 23๊ฐœ๊ตญ์€
04:49
came together to create the Great Green Wall Sahara.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๋…น์ƒ‰๋Œ€์žฅ๋ฒฝ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
A fantastic project, the initial plan
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์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํš์€
04:55
called for a shelter belt of trees to be planted
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์–ด ๋ฒจํŠธ๋ฅผ
04:57
right across the African continent,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋Œ€๋ฅ™ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์‹ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
from Mauritania in the west, all the way to Djibouti in the east.
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์„œ์ชฝ๋์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฆฌํƒ€๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ, ๋™์ชฝ๋์˜ ์ง€๋ถ€ํ‹ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:03
If you want to stop a sand dune from moving,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์˜ ์ด๋™์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ ์ž ํ•  ๋•Œ,
05:05
what you need to make sure to do is to stop the grains
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž๊ฐ€
05:07
from avalanching over its crest.
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์–ธ๋• ์ •์ƒ์—์„œ ์Ÿ์•„์ ธ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
And a good way of doing that, the most efficient way,
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์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
05:12
is to use some kind of sand catcher.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํฌํš๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
Trees or cacti are good for this.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์„ ์ธ์žฅ์ด ์ข‹์€๋ฐ์š”,
05:17
But, one of the problems with planting trees is that
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์‹์žฌ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
05:20
the people in these regions are so poor
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•ด์„œ
05:22
that they chop them down for firewood.
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์žฅ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Now there is an alternative to just planting trees
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๊ทธ์ € ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ , ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ฒ ์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
05:28
and hoping that they won't get chopped down.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
This sandstone wall that I'm proposing essentially does three things.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์•”๋ฒฝ์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
It adds roughness to the dune's surface,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•ํ‘œ๋ฉด, ์ฆ‰ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์น ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:37
to the texture of the dune's surface, binding the grains.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ์žก๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
It provides a physical support structure for the trees,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ง€์ง€๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
05:43
and it creates physical spaces,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
habitable spaces inside of the sand dunes.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋• ์•ˆ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:48
If people live inside of the green barrier
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๋…น์ƒ‰๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ฒฝ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€,
05:51
they can help support the trees, protect them from humans,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊พธ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค๊ณผ
05:54
and from some of the forces of nature.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:56
Inside of the dunes we find shade.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋• ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ง„ ๊ณณ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
We can start harvesting condensation,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์˜ ์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‘๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:02
and start greening the desert from within.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๋…นํ™”์— ์ฐฉ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
Sand dunes are almost like ready-made buildings in a way.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
All we need to do is solidify the parts that we need to be solid,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•  ์ผ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
06:11
and then excavate the sand,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
and we have our architecture.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฌผ์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:15
We can either excavate it by hand
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์†์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:17
or we can have the wind excavate it for us.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๊ทธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
So, the wind carries the sand onto the site
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ
06:21
and then it carries the redundant sand away from the structure for us.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ•„์š”์—†๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ์“ธ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
But, by now, you're probably asking,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฏค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„
06:28
how am I planning to solidify a sand dune?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์„ ๊ฒฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€,
06:31
How do we glue those grains of sand together?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ € ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹คํ…๋ฐ์š”,
06:34
And the answer is, perhaps, that you use these guys,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Bacillus pasteurii,
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๋ฐ”์‹ค๋ฃจ์Šค ํŒŒ์Šคํ…Œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ(Bacillus pasteurii) ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:39
a micro-organism that is readily available in wetlands
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์Šต์ง€์™€ ๋Šช์ง€์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋กœ
06:41
and marshes, and does precisely that.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
It takes a pile of loose sand
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์„ฑ๊ธด ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ๋”๋ฏธ๋ฅผ
06:46
and it creates sandstone out of it.
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์‚ฌ์•”์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:49
These images from the American Society for Microbiology show us the process.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ํšŒ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ธ๋ฐ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
What happens is, you pour Bacillus pasteurii onto a pile of sand,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๋ฐ”์‹ค๋ฃจ์Šค ํŒŒ์Šคํ…Œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ท ์„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋”๋ฏธ์— ๋ถ“๊ฒŒ๋˜๋ฉด
06:57
and it starts filling up the voids in between the grains.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…์ž๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
A chemical process produces calcite,
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ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด์„(calcite)*์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, *๋ฐฉํ•ด์„: ํƒ„์‚ฐ์นผ์Š˜(CaCO3)์„ฑ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฌด์ƒ‰ํˆฌ๋ช… ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐฑ์ƒ‰๋ฐ˜ํˆฌ๋ช… ๊ด‘๋ฌผ.
07:02
which is a kind of natural cement
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์ด๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ฒœ์—ฐ ์‹œ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋กœ
07:04
that binds the grains together.
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์ž…์ž๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ญ‰์น˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:06
The whole cementation process takes about 24 hours.
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์ „์ฒด๊ต์ฐฉ๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ์•ฝ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
I learned about this from a professor at U.C. Davis called Jason DeJong.
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U.C. Davis ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ์ œ์ด์Šจ ๋“œ์šฉ ๊ต์ˆ˜(Prof. Jason DeJong)๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:14
He managed to do it in a mere 1,400 minutes.
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์ด ๋ถ„์ด ์ „์ฒด๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‹จ 1,400๋ถ„๋งŒ์— ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Here I am, playing the part of the mad scientist,
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ UCL์—์„œ
07:20
working with the bugs at UCL in London,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
07:24
trying to solidify them.
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์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
So, how much would this cost?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:29
I'm not an economist, very much not,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋ก ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
07:31
but I did, quite literally, a back of the envelope calculation --
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๋ด‰ํˆฌ ๋’ท๋ฉด์— ๋„์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:37
-- and it seems that for a cubic meter of concrete
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ 1์ž…๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋‹น
07:40
we would have to pay in the region of 90 dollars.
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90๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
And, after an initial cost of 60 bucks to buy the bacteria,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ตฌ์ž…์— ์ดˆ๊ธฐ๋น„์šฉ 60๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:46
which you'll never have to pay again,
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์ด๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง€์ถœํ•  ์ผ์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
one cubic meter of bacterial sand
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜ 1์ž…๋ฐฉ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€
07:51
would be about 11 dollars.
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11๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
How do we construct something like this?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ง“๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:55
Well, I'll quickly show you two options.
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์ž, ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
The first is to create a kind of balloon structure,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ’์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
07:59
fill it with bacteria, then allow the sand to wash over the balloon,
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋กœ ์ฑ„์šด ํ›„์—, ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ’์„ ์„ ๋ฎ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์„œ,
08:03
pop the balloon, as it were, disseminating the bacteria into the sand and solidifying it.
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ํ’์„ ์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ํผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Then, a few years afterwards,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ํ›„
08:09
using permacultural strategies,
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ํผ๋จธ์ปฌ์ณ(permaculture)* ์ „๋žต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ *Permaculture:์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋†๋ฒ•
08:11
we green that part of the desert.
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์‚ฌ๋ง‰์˜ ๊ณ ํ™”๋œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋…นํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
The second alternative would be to use injection piles.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹ ๋ง๋š(injection pile)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
08:17
So, we pushed the piles down through the dune,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์— ๋ง๋š์„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฐ•๊ณ 
08:19
and we create an initial bacterial surface.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋ฉด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
We then pull the piles up through the dune
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง๋š์„ ๋ฝ‘์•„๋‚ด์–ด
08:25
and we're able to create almost any conceivable shape inside of the sand
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์•ˆ์— ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋“  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:28
with the sand acting as a mold as we go up.
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์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜•ํ‹€์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
So, we have a way of turning sand into sandstone,
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์•”์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
08:36
and then creating these habitable spaces inside of the desert dunes.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋• ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
But, what should they look like?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋•Œ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
08:42
Well, I was inspired, for my architectural form, by tafoni,
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์ œ ์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฑด์ถ•์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ํƒ€ํฌ๋‹ˆ(tafoni)*์—์„œ ๋นŒ์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. *Tafoni: ํ™”ํ•™์  ํ’ํ™”์ž‘์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ˆ ์•”์„์— ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฒŒ์ง‘๊ตฌ์กฐ
08:47
which look a little bit like this, this is a model representation of it.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
These are cavernous rock structures that I found on the site in Sokoto.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ฝ”ํ†  ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋™๊ตด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์›€ํ‘น ํŒจ์ธ ์•”์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
And I realized that if I scaled them up, they would provide me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉด
08:56
with good spatial qualities,
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๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ฐ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
08:59
for ventilation, for thermal comfort, and for other things.
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ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๋ณด์˜จ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ํšจ๊ณผ๋“ค๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Now, part of the formal control over this structure
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์ž, ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š”
09:05
would be lost to nature, obviously,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ์„ญ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:07
as the bacteria do their work.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:10
And I think this creates a kind of boundless beauty actually.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ์ ์ด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
I think there is really something in that articulation
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ‘œํ˜„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
09:16
that is quite nice.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
We see the result, the traces, if you like,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ํ”์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
09:22
of the Bacillus pasteurii being harnessed to sculpt the desert
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๋ฐ”์‹ค๋ฃจ์Šค ํŒŒ์Šคํ…Œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ท ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„
09:25
into these habitable environments.
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
Some people believe that
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์–ด๋–ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
09:30
this would spread uncontrollably,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:32
and that the bacteria would kill everything in its way.
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๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ง„ํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฃฝ์—ฌ๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
That's not true at all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
It's a natural process. It goes on in nature today,
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์ด๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์  ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
09:38
and the bacteria die as soon as we stop feeding them.
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๋ฐฐ์–‘๋ฌผ ์ฃผ์ž…์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„, ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ฉธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
So, there it is --
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—
09:43
architectural anti-desertification structures
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๊ฑด์ถ•์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ํ™”๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
made from the desert itself.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
Sand-stopping devices, made from sand.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋„ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
The world is likely to lose one third of its arable land
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1์ด
09:55
by the end of the century.
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๊ธˆ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ ธ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
In a period of unprecedented population growth
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์ „๋ก€์—†๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€
10:01
and increased food demands, this could prove disastrous.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‹๋Ÿ‰์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์ง€ ์†์‹ค์€ ์žฌ์•™์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
And quite frankly, we're putting our heads in the sand.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
If nothing else, I would like for this scheme to initiate a discussion.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ† ๋ก ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
But, if I had something like a TED wish,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ œ๊ฐ€ TED wish์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:14
it would be to actually get it built,
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์ด ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€์–ด๋ณด์ž๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
to start building this habitable wall,
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๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒฝ์„ ์„ธ์›Œ
10:19
this very, very long, but very narrow city in the desert,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋Š˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์— ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ
10:23
built into the dunescape itself.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์˜ ๋žœ๋“œ์Šค์ผ€์ดํ”„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:27
It's not only something that supports trees,
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์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋งŒ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:30
but something that connects people and countries together.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
I would like to conclude by showing you an animation of the structure,
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๋์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
10:40
and leave you with a sentence by Jorge Luis Borges.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅดํ—ค ๋ฃจ์ด์Šค ๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค*๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋งˆ์น ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. *Jorge Luis Borges (1899-1986): ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ•™์„ ๊ฝƒํ”ผ์šด ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€, ์‹œ์ธ, ํ‰๋ก ๊ฐ€.
10:46
Borges said that "nothing is built on stone,
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๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, "๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋Œ ์œ„์— ์ง€์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค."
10:52
everything is built on sand,
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"๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์œ„์— ์ง€์–ด์ง„๋‹ค."
10:56
but we must build as if the sand were stone."
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ชจ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์œ„์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค."
11:01
Now, there are many details left to explore in this scheme --
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์ž, ์ œ ๊ณ„ํš์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์•„์ง ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
political, practical, ethical, financial.
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์ •์น˜์ , ํ˜„์‹ค์ , ๋„๋•์ , ์žฌ์ •์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
11:10
My design, as it takes you down the rabbit hole,
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์ž์„ธํžˆ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์ œ ๋””์ž์ธ์€
11:15
is fraught with many challenges
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผ์ œ์™€
11:19
and difficulties in the real world.
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ํ˜„์‹ค์—์„œ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
But, it's a beginning, it's a vision.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
As Borges would have it, it's the sand.
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๋ณด๋ฅดํ—ค์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ชจ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
And I think now is really the time
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์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
11:33
to turn it into stone. Thank you.
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๋ชจ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์œ„๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์„ ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:36
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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