Tim Jackson: An economic reality check

222,541 views ใƒป 2010-10-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Tae-Hoon Chung ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
I want to talk to you today about prosperity,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฒˆ์˜๊ณผ
00:18
about our hopes
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ํฌ๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
for a shared and lasting prosperity.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:23
And not just us,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
00:25
but the two billion people worldwide
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์•„์ง ๋งŒ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์˜์–‘์‹ค์กฐ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:27
who are still chronically undernourished.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 20์–ต ๋ช…๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ˜œํƒ๋ฐ›๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
And hope actually is at the heart of this.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
In fact, the Latin word for hope
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด์˜ ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€
00:35
is at the heart of the word prosperity.
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๋ฒˆ์˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
"Pro-speras," "speras," hope --
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ํฌ๋ง "์ŠคํŽ˜๋ผ์Šค"๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์˜ "ํ”„๋กœ-์ŠคํŽ˜๋ผ์Šค"์˜ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์ฃ 
00:40
in accordance with our hopes and expectations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์ผ๋งฅ์ƒํ†ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
The irony is, though,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ญ์„ค์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
00:45
that we have cashed-out prosperity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„
00:48
almost literally in terms of money and economic growth.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋™์ผ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
And we've grown our economies so much
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋„ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€
00:53
that we now stand
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ •๋ง ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ
00:55
in a real danger
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์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ง€๊ฒฝ์—
00:57
of undermining hope --
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์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
running down resources, cutting down rainforests,
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์ž์›์€ ๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜๊ณ  ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์€ ์ž˜๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ 
01:03
spilling oil into the Gulf of Mexico,
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๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฆ„์€ ์œ ์ถœ๋˜๊ณ 
01:06
changing the climate --
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๊ธฐํ›„๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
and the only thing that has actually
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ด์‚ผ์‹ญ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
01:10
remotely slowed down the relentless rise
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๊ฑฐ์น  ๊ฒƒ ์—†๋˜ ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ธ๋ฅผ
01:12
of carbon emissions over the last two to three decades
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์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜๋งˆ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ
01:15
is recession.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And recession, of course,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ถˆํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
01:19
isn't exactly a recipe for hope either,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธํ† ๋ก ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
01:21
as we're busy finding out.
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ํฌ๋ง์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
So we're caught in a kind of trap.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋ซ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
It's a dilemma, a dilemma of growth.
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๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์ฃ . ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ.
01:27
We can't live with it; we can't live without it.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Trash the system or crash the planet --
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
it's a tough choice; it isn't much of a choice.
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ํž˜๋“  ์„ ํƒ์ด์ฃ . ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ž„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
01:35
And our best avenue of escape from this actually
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ซ์—์„œ ํƒˆ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์„ ์˜ ๊ธธ์€
01:38
is a kind of blind faith
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํšจ์œจ์„
01:41
in our own cleverness and technology and efficiency
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์‹ค์ œ ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ 
01:44
and doing things more efficiently.
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๋”์šฑ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
Now I haven't got anything against efficiency.
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์ด์ œ๊ป ํšจ์œจ์ด ์ ˆ ์‹ค๋ง์‹œํ‚จ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
And I think we are a clever species sometimes.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋”์€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์ข…์กฑ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
01:52
But I think we should also just check the numbers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:55
take a reality check here.
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์‹ค์ œ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
So I want you to imagine a world,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 2050๋…„ ์ฏค์— 90์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
01:59
in 2050, of around nine billion people,
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์„œ์–‘์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์˜ ์ƒํ• ๋ฐฉ์‹์„
02:02
all aspiring to Western incomes,
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๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์• ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ
02:04
Western lifestyles.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
02:07
And I want to ask the question --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฌป๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ --
02:09
and we'll give them that two percent hike in income, in salary each year as well,
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์•„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์‹ ๋ด‰ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งค๋…„
02:12
because we believe in growth.
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์ˆ˜์ž…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ด‰์ด 2%์”ฉ ์˜ค๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ .
02:14
And I want to ask the question:
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฌป๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
how far and how fast would be have to move?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ผ๋งˆ ๋งŒํผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:19
How clever would we have to be?
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?
02:21
How much technology would we need in this world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถ”๋ ค๋ฉด
02:23
to deliver our carbon targets?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:25
And here in my chart --
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๋„ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
02:27
on the left-hand side is where we are now.
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์™ผํŽธ์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
This is the carbon intensity of economic growth
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
02:32
in the economy at the moment.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
It's around about 770 grams of carbon.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์•ฝ 770g์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
02:37
In the world I describe to you,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:39
we have to be right over here at the right-hand side
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์˜ค๋ฅธํŽธ ๋„ํ‘œ์˜ ์ด ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
at six grams of carbon.
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ํƒ„์†Œ 6g ์ •๋„์ฃ .
02:43
It's a 130-fold improvement,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 130๋ฐฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋œ ์…ˆ์ธ๋ฐ
02:45
and that is 10 times further and faster
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์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณด๋‹ค
02:47
than anything we've ever achieved in industrial history.
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10๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Maybe we can do it, maybe it's possible -- who knows?
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๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”. ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
02:52
Maybe we can even go further
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•ด
02:54
and get an economy that pulls carbon out of the atmosphere,
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๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:57
which is what we're going to need to be doing
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ถŒ์—์„œ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ
02:59
by the end of the century.
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๋นผ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
But shouldn't we just check first
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์„  ์ด ๋งŒํผ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„
03:04
that the economic system that we have
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์ด๋ค„ ๋‚ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€
03:07
is remotely capable of delivering
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
03:09
this kind of improvement?
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ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ์š”?
03:11
So I want to just spend a couple of minutes on system dynamics.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์‚ผ ๋ถ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ฐŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
It's a bit complex, and I apologize for that.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ๋ฐ ์–‘ํ•ดํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
03:16
What I'll try and do, is I'll try and paraphrase it
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ผ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ง๋กœ
03:18
is sort of human terms.
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ํ’€์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
So it looks a little bit like this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
Firms produce goods for households -- that's us --
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๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด -- ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ €ํฌ์ฃ  -- ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
03:25
and provide us with incomes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋“์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
and that's even better, because we can spend those incomes
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์†Œ๋“์„
03:30
on more goods and services.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒํ’ˆ๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
That's called the circular flow of the economy.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ๋ฆ„์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:35
It looks harmless enough.
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์ „ํ˜€ ํ•ด๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
03:37
I just want to highlight one key feature of this system,
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ
03:39
which is the role of investment.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Now investment constitutes
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ
03:43
only about a fifth of the national income
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ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 1/5 ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ–์—
03:45
in most modern economies,
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๋˜์ง€์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
03:47
but it plays an absolutely vital role.
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์ •๋ง ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
And what it does essentially
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:51
is to stimulate further consumption growth.
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๋” ํฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:54
It does this in a couple of ways --
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
03:56
chasing productivity,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ
03:58
which drives down prices and encourages us to buy more stuff.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
04:01
But I want to concentrate
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ซ“์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”
04:03
on the role of investment
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ํˆฌ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:05
in seeking out novelty,
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
the production and consumption of novelty.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
04:10
Joseph Schumpeter called this
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์กฐ์…‰ ์Š˜ํŽ˜ํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ด๊ฑธ
04:12
"the process of creative destruction."
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"์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ณผ์ •"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
It's a process of the production and reproduction of novelty,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์žฌ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด
04:17
continually chasing expanding consumer markets,
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์†Œ๋น„ ์‹œ์žฅ--์†Œ๋น„์ œํ’ˆ ํŠนํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ--์„
04:20
consumer goods, new consumer goods.
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๋Š์ž„ ์—†์ด ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •.
04:22
And this, this is where it gets interesting,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žฌ๋ฐŒ์–ด ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒŒ
04:24
because it turns out that human beings
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:27
have something of an appetite for novelty.
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์–ด๋–ค ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
We love new stuff --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:32
new material stuff for sure --
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์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ตฌ์š”
04:34
but also new ideas, new adventures,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจํ—˜,
04:36
new experiences.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
04:38
But the materiality matters too,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:40
because in every society
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ
04:43
that anthropologists have looked at,
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์–ด๋Š ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:45
material stuff
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€
04:47
operates as a kind of language --
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์ธ ์…ˆ์ธ๋ฐ
04:49
a language of goods,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•  ๋•Œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š”
04:51
a symbolic language
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์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ
04:53
that we use to tell each other stories --
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ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
stories, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ธ์ง€
04:57
about how important we are.
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๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:59
Status-driven, conspicuous consumption
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ผ๋‹จ์Šค๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰ํƒœ๋Š”
05:02
thrives from the language
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ
05:05
of novelty.
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๊ทธ ๊ฝƒ์„ ํ”ผ์šฐ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:07
And here, all of a sudden,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ
05:09
we have a system
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:11
that is locking economic structure with social logic --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
the economic institutions, and who we are as people, locked together
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ฌถ์—ฌ
05:17
to drive an engine of growth.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ์—”์ง„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And this engine is not just economic value;
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์ด ์—”์ง„์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
05:22
it is pulling material resources
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ž์›์ด
05:25
relentlessly through the system,
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์‰ฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
driven by our own insatiable appetites,
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๊ทธ ์›๋™๋ ฅ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ฑ„์›Œ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ์ธ๋ฐ
05:31
driven in fact by a sense of anxiety.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ทผ์›์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์š•๋ง์ด ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜์ฃ .
05:34
Adam Smith, 200 years ago,
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200 ๋…„ ์ „ ์•„๋‹ด ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๋Š”
05:36
spoke about our desire
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ "๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ธ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š•๋ง"์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
05:38
for a life without shame.
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๋งํ•œ ์  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
A life without shame:
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๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ธ์ƒ,
05:42
in his day, what that meant was a linen shirt,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฆฌ๋„จ ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
and today, well, you still need the shirt,
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š”, ๋ญ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์…”์ธ ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
05:47
but you need the hybrid car,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:50
the HDTV, two holidays a year in the sun,
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๊ณ ํ™”์งˆ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์— ์ผ ๋…„์— ๋‘ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ํƒœ์–‘ ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ํœด๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ณด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:53
the netbook and iPad, the list goes on --
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๋„ท๋ถ์— ์•„์ดํŒจ๋“œ์— ... ๋๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
an almost inexhaustible supply of goods,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์š•๋ง์ด ๋Š์ผ์ค„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”
05:58
driven by this anxiety.
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์ƒํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:00
And even if we don't want them,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๋„
06:02
we need to buy them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
because, if we don't buy them, the system crashes.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
And to stop it crashing
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ด์‚ผ ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„
06:08
over the last two to three decades,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก
06:10
we've expanded the money supply,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ๋Š˜๋ ธ๊ณ 
06:12
expanded credit and debt,
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์‹ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋„ ๋Š˜๋ ธ๊ณ 
06:14
so that people can keep buying stuff.
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๋•๋ถ„์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๊ณ„์† ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:16
And of course, that expansion was deeply implicated in the crisis.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™•๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€ ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:19
But this -- I just want to show you some data here.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
This is what it looks like, essentially,
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
this credit and debt system, just for the U.K.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋งŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”
06:25
This was the last 15 years before the crash,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ด์ „ 15 ๋…„ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
and you can see there, consumer debt rose dramatically.
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์ €๊ธฐ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ถ€์ฑ„๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋Š๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
06:31
It was above the GDP for three years in a row
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ง์ „ ์—ฐ๋‹ฌ์•„ ์‚ผ ๋…„
06:33
just before the crisis.
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๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
And in the mean time, personal savings absolutely plummeted.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ €์ถ•์€ ์™„์ „ ๊ณค๋‘๋ฐ•์งˆ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
The savings ratio, net savings,
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์ €์ถ•๋ฅ , ์ด์ €์ถ• ๋“ฑ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ง์ „
06:40
were below zero in the middle of 2008,
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2008๋…„ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ
06:42
just before the crash.
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์•„์˜ˆ ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
This is people expanding debt, drawing down their savings,
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์ด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ˜„์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:47
just to stay in the game.
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๋นš์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €์ถ•์„ ๊นŒ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
This is a strange, rather perverse, story,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด์ƒํ•œ
06:53
just to put it in very simple terms.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:55
It's a story about us, people,
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค ์–˜๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
being persuaded
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์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ
07:01
to spend money we don't have
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์“ฐ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ฌ
07:03
on things we don't need
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์ „ํ˜€ ์ƒ๊ด€๋„ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
07:05
to create impressions that won't last
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๊ธฐ์–ต๋„ ์•ˆํ•ด์ค„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ€์žํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋ผ๋Š”
07:07
on people we don't care about.
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๊ผฌ๋“์ž„์— ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
07:09
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:11
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:15
But before we consign ourselves to despair,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋ง์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ
07:18
maybe we should just go back and say, "Did we get this right?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋˜๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ , "๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง์ด์•ผ?"
07:20
Is this really how people are?
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"์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ง ์ด๋ ‡๋‹จ ๋ง์•ผ?"
07:22
Is this really how economies behave?"
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"๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋ž€ ์กฑ์†๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹จ ๋ง์•ผ?"
07:24
And almost straightaway
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:26
we actually run up against a couple of anomalies.
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๋‘์–ด ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์„ ๋งž๋‹ฅ๋“ค์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
The first one is in the crisis itself.
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์šฐ์„ ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
In the crisis, in the recession, what do people want to do?
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”?
07:34
They want to hunker down, they want to look to the future.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์›€์ธ ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:37
They want to spend less and save more.
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์ ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์ด ์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
But saving is exactly the wrong thing to do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €์ถ•์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
07:42
from the system point of view.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:44
Keynes called this the "paradox of thrift" --
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์ผ€์ž„์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ "์ ˆ์•ฝ์˜ ์—ญ์„ค"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
saving slows down recovery.
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์ €์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ณต์ด ๋”๋ŽŒ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:48
And politicians call on us continually
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
07:51
to draw down more debt,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋นš์„ ์ง€๋ผ๊ณ 
07:53
to draw down our own savings even further,
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์ €์ถ•ํ•ด ๋‘” ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋นผ์“ฐ๋ผ๊ณ 
07:55
just so that we can get the show back on the road,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ 
07:57
so we can keep this growth-based economy going.
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์„ฑ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์ถ”๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:59
It's an anomaly,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:01
it's a place where the system actually is at odds
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ
08:03
with who we are as people.
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์ƒ์ถฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ธ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Here's another one -- completely different one:
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฑด๋ฐ
08:08
Why is it
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์งธ์„œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:10
that we don't do the blindingly obvious things we should do
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์‚ผ์ฒ™๋™์ž๋„ ๋ป”ํžˆ ์•„๋Š”
08:12
to combat climate change,
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ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์„ ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
08:14
very, very simple things
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:16
like buying energy-efficient appliances,
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ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋ˆ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:18
putting in efficient lights, turning the lights off occasionally,
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์ง‘์„ ๋‹จ์—ดํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ์˜
08:20
insulating our homes?
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:22
These things save carbon, they save energy,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ๋„ ์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ 
08:24
they save us money.
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๋ˆ๋„ ์•„๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:27
So is it that, though they make perfect economic sense,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์€ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:30
we don't do them?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”?
08:32
Well, I had my own personal insight into this
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ช‡๋…„ ์ „ ์ œ ๋‚˜๋ฆ„
08:34
a few years ago.
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
It was a Sunday evening, Sunday afternoon,
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์–ด๋Š ์ผ์š”์ผ ์ €๋…, ์ผ์š”์ผ ์˜คํ›„ ๊ทธ ์ฏค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:38
and it was just after --
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์ƒˆ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰ ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„ ์งํ›„ --
08:40
actually, to be honest, too long after --
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด
08:43
we had moved into a new house.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๋ฒ• ์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ค์Œ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:45
And I had finally got around to doing some draft stripping,
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๊ทธ๋‚  ์ง‘์•ˆ ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์— ์™ธํ’ ๋ง‰์ด ํ„ฑ์„ ๋‹ค ๋œฏ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:48
installing insulation around the windows and doors
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์ƒˆ๋กœ ์™ธํ’์„ ๋ง‰์„
08:50
to keep out the drafts.
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๋‹จ์—ด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
08:52
And my, then, five year-old daughter
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ œ ๋”ธ์• ๊ฐ€
08:55
was helping me in the way that five year-olds do.
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๊ทธ ๋˜๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์ ˆ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:58
And we'd been doing this for a while,
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ํ•œ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
09:01
when she turned to me very solemnly and said,
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์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์–ผ๊ตด๋กœ ๋ฌป๋”๊ตฐ์š”
09:05
"Will this really keep out the giraffes?"
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"์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ํ—ˆํ’์ด ์•ˆ ๋“ค์–ด์™€?"
09:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:10
"Here they are, the giraffes."
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"์ €๋ด, ํ—ˆํ’์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ž–์•„."
09:12
You can hear the five-year-old mind working.
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๋‹ค์„ฏ์‚ด ์งœ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ง€์‹œ์ฃ ?
09:14
These ones, interestingly, are 400 miles north of here
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 600ํ‚ฌ๋กœ ์ •๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„
09:17
outside Barrow-in-Furness in Cumbria.
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์ปด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ์šฐ-์ธ-ํผ๋‹ˆ์Šค ์™ธ๊ณฝ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:20
Goodness knows what they make of the Lake District weather.
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๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ๋””์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆญํŠธ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•Œ์ฃ .
09:23
But actually that childish misrepresentation
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋‹ค์šด ๋ง์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
09:26
stuck with me,
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์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ์— ์™€ ๊ฝ‚ํ˜”๋Š”๋ฐ
09:28
because it suddenly became clear to me
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์• ๋„ ์•Œ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ์ผ์„
09:31
why we don't do the blindingly obvious things.
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์™œ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ด์กŒ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:33
We're too busy keeping out the giraffes --
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ—ˆํ’์„ ๋ง‰๋Š๋ผ ์—ฌ๋…์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค --
09:35
putting the kids on the bus in the morning,
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์•„์นจ์— ์• ๋“ค์„ ์Šค์ฟจ ๋ฒ„์Šค์— ํƒœ์›Œ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
09:37
getting ourselves to work on time,
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์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ์ง์žฅ์— ์ถœ๊ทผํ•ด์„œ
09:40
surviving email overload
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์Ÿ์•„์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ๊ณผ ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:42
and shop floor politics,
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ํšŒ์‚ฌ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ •๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ดํ”ผ๋‹ค๊ฐ€
09:44
foraging for groceries, throwing together meals,
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์žฅ ๋ด์„œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ €๋…์„ ๋จน๊ณ ๋Š”
09:47
escaping for a couple of precious hours in the evening
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๊ท€ํ•œ ์ €๋… ๋‘์–ด ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์งฌ์„ ๋‚ด์„œ
09:50
into prime-time TV
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ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:52
or TED online,
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์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š”
09:54
getting from one end of the day to the other,
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์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋งž๋Š”
09:57
keeping out the giraffes.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ—ˆํ’์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ.
09:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:01
What is the objective?
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๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
10:03
"What is the objective of the consumer?"
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"์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?"
10:06
Mary Douglas asked in an essay on poverty
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๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ๋”๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ฐ€ 35๋…„ ์ „์—
10:09
written 35 years ago.
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๋นˆ๊ณค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
"It is," she said,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "๊ทธ๊ฑด"
10:14
"to help create the social world
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"๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ"
10:17
and find a credible place in it."
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"๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ."
10:20
That is a deeply humanizing
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:23
vision of our lives,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:25
and it's a completely different vision
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์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋†“์ธ
10:28
than the one that lies at the heart
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์‹œ๊ฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ
10:31
of this economic model.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฌํ•ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
So who are we?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:35
Who are these people?
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์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์กด์žฌ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:38
Are we these novelty-seeking, hedonistic,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์พŒ๋ฝ๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
10:40
selfish individuals?
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์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ตฐ์ƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:43
Or might we actually occasionally be
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ ˜๋ธŒ๋ž€ํŠธ์˜ ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์Šค์ผ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:46
something like the selfless altruist
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ž์‹ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•˜๋Š”
10:49
depicted in Rembrandt's lovely, lovely sketch here?
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์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์ธ๊ฐ€์š”?
10:52
Well psychology actually says
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๋ญ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋“ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
10:54
there is a tension --
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ
10:56
a tension between self-regarding behaviors
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๋‚จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์‚ฌ์ด์—
10:59
and other regarding behaviors.
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๊ธด์žฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
11:01
And these tensions have deep evolutionary roots,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธด์žฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ์ง„ํ™”์™€ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
11:04
so selfish behavior
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์€
11:06
is adaptive in certain circumstances --
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์–ด๋–ค ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
11:08
fight or flight.
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์‹ธ์šฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ํ”ผํ•˜๋˜์ง€.
11:10
But other regarding behaviors
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์€
11:12
are essential to our evolution
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”์—
11:14
as social beings.
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๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
And perhaps even more interesting from our point of view,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋” ์žฌ๋ฏธ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:18
another tension between novelty-seeking behaviors
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ
11:21
and tradition or conservation.
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์ „ํ†ต ํ˜น์€ ๋ณด์กด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:25
Novelty is adaptive when things are changing
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:27
and you need to adapt yourself.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋งž์ถฐ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Tradition is essential to lay down the stability
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์ „ํ†ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์†๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š”
11:32
to raise families and form cohesive social groups.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ผญ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
So here, all of a sudden,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:37
we're looking at a map of the human heart.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์• ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜•๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
And it reveals to us, suddenly,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:43
the crux of the matter.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์„ ์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
11:45
What we've done is we've created economies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
We've created systems,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:49
which systematically privilege, encourage,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์˜ํ˜ผ์˜ ์ข์€ ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋ฉด์„
11:52
one narrow quadrant
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์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:54
of the human soul
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๋ถ๋‹์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š”
11:56
and left the others unregarded.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐฉ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
And in the same token, the solution becomes clear,
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๋™์ผํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
because this isn't, therefore,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„
12:04
about changing human nature.
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๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
It isn't, in fact, about curtailing possibilities.
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์ด๊ฑด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ขํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
12:09
It is about opening up.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋„“ํ˜€์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:11
It is about allowing ourselves the freedom
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์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ์ด ์ง„ ๋นš๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์ •์‹ ์˜ ํญ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
12:13
to become fully human,
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๋ ˜๋ธŒ๋ž€ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜
12:15
recognizing the depth and the breadth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
12:17
of the human psyche
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•  ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•
12:19
and building institutions
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋˜๋Š”
12:21
to protect Rembrandt's fragile altruist within.
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์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
What does all this mean for economics?
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:29
What would economies look like
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„
12:31
if we took that vision of human nature
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๊ทธ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
12:33
at their heart
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ •์‹ ์˜
12:35
and stretched them
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:37
along these orthogonal dimensions
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€
12:39
of the human psyche?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์–‘์ด ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
12:41
Well, it might look a little bit
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์•„๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚œ 5 ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ
12:43
like the 4,000 community-interest companies
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4,000 ์—ฌ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ด์ต ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋‚˜
12:45
that have sprung up in the U.K. over the last five years
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋‚ด B ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ
12:48
and a similar rise in B corporations in the United States,
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:51
enterprises
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์ด ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€
12:53
that have ecological and social goals
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…๋ฌด๋ฅผ
12:55
written into their constitution
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ทœ์ •์ธ
12:57
at their heart --
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์ •๊ด€์— ๋ช…์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:59
companies, in fact, like this one, Ecosia.
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์‹ค์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์—์ฝ”์‹œ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
And I just want to, very quickly, show you this.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
13:04
Ecosia is an Internet search engine.
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์—์ฝ”์‹œ์•„(Ecosia)๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์—”์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
Internet search engines work
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์—”์ง„์€ ๋‹ค
13:08
by drawing revenues from sponsored links
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”
13:10
that appear when you do a search.
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๊ด‘๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
And Ecosia works in pretty much the same way.
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์—์ฝ”์‹œ์•„๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ฃ .
13:16
So we can do that here --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
we can just put in a little search term.
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
There you go, Oxford, that's where we are. See what comes up.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ž, ์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
13:23
The difference with Ecosia though
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๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋–ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ .
13:25
is that, in Ecosia's case,
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์—์ฝ”์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์—”์ง„๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์€
13:27
it draws the revenues in the same way,
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๋น„๋ก ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์–ป๋”๋ผ๋„
13:30
but it allocates
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๊ทธ ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 80%๋ฅผ
13:32
80 percent of those revenues
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์•„๋งˆ์กด ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—
13:35
to a rainforest protection project in the Amazon.
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๊ธฐํƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
And we're going to do it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
We're just going to click on Naturejobs.uk.
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๋„ค์ด์ฒ˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์ธ๊ตฌ์ง ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ(Naturejobs.uk)๋ฅผ ํด๋ฆญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
In case anyone out there is looking for a job in a recession,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ์ง์žฅ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
13:43
that's the page to go to.
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๊ฐ€ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•  ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ฃ .
13:45
And what happened then was
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
13:47
the sponsor gave revenues to Ecosia,
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๊ด‘๊ณ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—์ฝ”์‹œ์•„์— ๊ด‘๊ณ ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ 
13:50
and Ecosia is giving 80 percent of those revenues
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์—์ฝ”์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์˜ 80%๋ฅผ
13:52
to a rainforest protection project.
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์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:54
It's taking profits from one place
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค
13:56
and allocating them
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์ž์› ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ
13:58
into the protection of ecological resources.
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๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
14:00
It's a different kind of enterprise
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜
14:02
for a new economy.
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
14:04
It's a form, if you like,
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์›ํ•˜์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ผ์ข…์˜
14:06
of ecological altruism --
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ดํƒ€์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋™์ผ์„  ์ƒ์— ๋†“์ธ
14:08
perhaps something along those lines. Maybe it's that.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”. ์–ด์ฉœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ตฌ์š”.
14:11
Whatever it is,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ ๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์—
14:13
whatever this new economy is,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ญ ๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์—
14:16
what we need the economy to do, in fact,
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์€
14:19
is to put investment
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ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜
14:21
back into the heart of the model,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•ด
14:23
to re-conceive investment.
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์žฌํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
Only now, investment
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๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€
14:27
isn't going to be
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๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌด์‹ ๊ฒฝํ•œ
14:29
about the relentless and mindless
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์†Œ๋น„์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ
14:31
pursuit of consumption growth.
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๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
Investment has to be a different beast.
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ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Investment has to be,
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ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ƒˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
14:38
in the new economy,
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์ž์›์„
14:40
protecting and nurturing
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๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์‚ดํŽด
14:42
the ecological assets on which our future depends.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
It has to be about transition.
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ํˆฌ์ž๋Š” ์ž์›์˜ ์ „์ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
It has to be investing in low-carbon technologies
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์ €ํƒ„์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค์—
14:49
and infrastructures.
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ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
We have to invest, in fact,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์˜์ด๋ผ๋Š”
14:54
in the idea of a meaningful prosperity,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•ด
14:57
providing capabilities
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:00
for people to flourish.
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๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
And of course, this task has material dimensions.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ด ์ผ์—๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
It would be nonsense to talk about people flourishing
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋จน์„ ๊ฒƒ๋„, ์ž…์„ ๊ฒƒ๋„, ์‰ด ๊ณณ๋„ ์—†๋Š”๋ฐ
15:08
if they didn't have food, clothing and shelter.
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์ž˜ ์‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋…ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ถˆ์„ฑ์„ค์ด์ฃ .
15:10
But it's also clear that prosperity goes beyond this.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒˆ์˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋„˜๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
It has social and psychological aims --
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๋ฒˆ์˜์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
family, friendship,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์šฐ์ •,
15:18
commitments, society,
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ํ—Œ์‹ , ์‚ฌํšŒ,
15:20
participating in the life of that society.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‚ถ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋“ฑ.
15:23
And this too
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
15:25
requires investment,
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ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
investment -- for example, in places --
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
15:30
places where we can connect,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ,
15:32
places where we can participate,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์žฅ์†Œ,
15:34
shared spaces,
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๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„,
15:36
concert halls, gardens,
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์ฝ˜์„œํŠธ ํ™€์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€ ์ •์›์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€
15:38
public parks,
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๊ณต์›์ด๋ผ๋˜์ง€
15:40
libraries, museums, quiet centers,
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๋„์„œ๊ด€, ๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€, ๋ฌด์Šจ๋ฌด์Šจ ์„ผํ„ฐ ๋“ฑ
15:42
places of joy and celebration,
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๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ๊ณต๊ฐ„
15:45
places of tranquility and contemplation,
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๊ณ ์š”์™€ ๋ช…์ƒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„
15:48
sites for the "cultivation
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๋งˆ์ดํด ์ƒŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ
15:50
of a common citizenship,"
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"๊ณตํ†ต์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ฐ€๊พธ์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ"
15:53
in Michael Sandel's lovely phrase.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„.
15:56
An investment -- investment, after all, is just such a basic economic concept --
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐœ๋…์ธ ํˆฌ์ž๋Š”
16:00
is nothing more nor less
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๋”๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋œ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ
16:02
than a relationship
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ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
16:04
between the present and the future,
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ์™€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
16:06
a shared present and a common future.
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๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:09
And we need that relationship to reflect,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
16:11
to reclaim hope.
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ํฌ๋ง์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:15
So let me come back, with this sense of hope,
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์ด์ œ ์ด ํฌ๋ง์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ 
16:18
to the two billion people
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜† ์นดํŽ˜์˜
16:20
still trying to live each day
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์ €์ง€๋ฐฉ ๋ผํ…Œ ํ•œ ์ž” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„
16:22
on less than the price of a skinny latte
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๋” ์ ์€ ๋ˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจํ•˜๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜์œ„ํ•˜๋Š”
16:25
from the cafe next door.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ 20์–ต ๋ช…์„ ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:27
What can we offer those people?
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ญ˜ ๋‚ด๋†“์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:29
It's clear that we have a responsibility
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์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ œํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด
16:31
to help lift them out of poverty.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
It's clear that we have a responsibility
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์„ฑ์žฅ์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด
16:35
to make room for growth
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์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด
16:37
where growth really matters in those poorest nations.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
And it's also clear that we will never achieve that
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์ž˜ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์˜, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
16:43
unless we're capable of redefining
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์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:46
a meaningful sense of prosperity in the richer nations,
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๋œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒˆ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
16:49
a prosperity that is more meaningful
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๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ •๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ
16:51
and less materialistic
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์ด๊ฑด ๋๋‚ด ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
16:53
than the growth-based model.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:55
So this is not just
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ
16:57
a Western post-materialist fantasy.
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ํ•œ ์„œ๊ตฌ ํƒˆ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ฃผ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ณต์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
In fact, an African philosopher wrote to me,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ… "์„ฑ์žฅ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฒˆ์˜"์„ ์ถœํŒํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
17:03
when "Prosperity Without Growth" was published,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ํ•œ ์ฒ ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด
17:05
pointing out the similarities
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฒˆ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด
17:07
between this view of prosperity
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ๋“ค์˜ ์šฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ
17:09
and the traditional African concept of ubuntu.
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ง€์ ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
Ubuntu says, "I am
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์šฐ๋ถ„ํˆฌ๋ž€ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ"
17:15
because we are."
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"๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
Prosperity is a shared endeavor.
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๋ฒˆ์˜์ด๋ž€ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:20
Its roots are long and deep --
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๊ทธ ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธธ๊ณ ๋„ ๊นŠ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:22
its foundations, I've tried to show,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด
17:24
exist already, inside each of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ์ด๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:27
So this is not about
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๋Š”
17:29
standing in the way of development.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
It's not about
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ž๋Š”
17:33
overthrowing capitalism.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
It's not about
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์ž๋Š”
17:37
trying to change human nature.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ .
17:39
What we're doing here
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
17:41
is we're taking a few simple steps
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๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ
17:43
towards an economics fit for purpose.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋ช‡ ๊ฑธ์Œ ๋‚ด๋”›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:46
And at the heart of that economics,
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์—๋Š”
17:49
we're placing a more credible,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
17:51
more robust,
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๋” ์‹ ๋ขฐ ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
17:53
and more realistic vision
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๋” ๊ตณ๊ฑดํ•˜๋ฉฐ
17:56
of what it means to be human.
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๋” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋น„์ „์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:10
Chris Anderson: While they're taking the podium away, just a quick question.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋‹จ์ƒ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ด ์งง์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
18:13
First of all, economists aren't supposed to be inspiring,
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์šฐ์„ , ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ถ€์ถ”๊ฒจ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ...
18:16
so you may need to work on the tone a little.
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์–ด์กฐ์— ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์จ ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ตฌ์š”.
18:18
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:20
Can you picture the politicians ever buying into this?
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์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์„ธ์š” ์–ด๋– ์„ธ์š”?
18:22
I mean, can you picture
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ •์น˜์ธ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜
18:24
a politician standing up in Britain and saying,
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"์˜ฌํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ด์ด์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด 2% ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๊นŒ!"
18:27
"GDP fell two percent this year. Good news!
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"์‹ค์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ์กŒ๊ณ "
18:30
We're actually all happier, and a country's more beautiful,
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ๋” ์œคํƒํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์น˜๋Š”
18:32
and our lives are better."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
18:34
Tim Jackson: Well that's clearly not what you're doing.
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ํŒ€ ์žญ์Šจ: ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
18:36
You're not making news out of things falling down.
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์‡ ๋ฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
You're making news out of the things that tell you that we're flourishing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ ๋‰ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ฃ .
18:41
Can I picture politicians doing it?
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ?
18:43
Actually, I already am seeing a little bit of it.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
When we first started this kind of work,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ชฝ์˜ ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
18:48
politicians would stand up, treasury spokesmen would stand up,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๋„ ์žฌ๋ฌด๋ถ€ ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„œ
18:50
and accuse us of wanting to go back and live in caves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์›์‹œ์˜ ๋™๊ตด์ƒํ™œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธธ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋‚œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:53
And actually in the period
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋™ํ•œ ์ง€๋‚œ 18๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
18:55
through which we've been working over the last 18 years --
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ ๋•๋ถ„์—
18:57
partly because of the financial crisis
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€
18:59
and a little bit of humility in the profession of economics --
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒธ์†ํ•ด์ง„ ๋•๋ถ„์—
19:02
actually people are engaging in this issue
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
19:05
in all sorts of countries around the world.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:07
CA: But is it mainly politicians who are going to have to get their act together,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”
19:10
or is it going to be more just civil society and companies?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
19:13
TJ: It has to be companies. It has to be civil society.
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ํŒ€ ์žญ์Šจ: ๊ธฐ์—…์ด๋ผ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ตฌ์š”.
19:16
But it has to have political leadership.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ .
19:19
This is a kind of agenda,
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์ด๊ฑด ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜์ œ์ธ ์…ˆ์ธ๋ฐ
19:21
which actually politicians themselves
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ์ •์น˜์ธ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋„
19:23
are kind of caught in that dilemma,
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์„ฑ์žฅ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋น ์ง„ ๋•๋ถ„์—
19:25
because they're hooked on the growth model themselves.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๊ฐ–ํžŒ ๊ผด์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
19:27
But actually opening up the space
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฐฉ์‹์ด๋‚˜
19:29
to think about different ways of governing,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ
19:31
different kinds of politics,
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๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์—ด๊ณ 
19:33
and creating the space
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
19:35
for civil society and businesses to operate differently --
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์šด์˜๋  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
19:37
absolutely vital.
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๋งค์šฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:39
CA: And if someone could convince you
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
19:41
that we actually can make the -- what was it? --
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ -- ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ์˜€์ฃ ? --
19:43
the 130-fold improvement in efficiency,
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์†Œ๋ชจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ค„์ด๋„๋ก
19:45
of reduction of carbon footprint,
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ํšจ์œจ์„ 130 ๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
19:47
would you then actually like that picture of economic growth
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„
19:50
into more knowledge-based goods?
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์ง€์‹๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
19:52
TJ: I would still want to know that you could do that
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ํŒ€ ์žญ์Šจ: ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€
19:54
and get below zero by the end of the century,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2100๋…„๊ฒฝ์ด๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ
19:56
in terms of taking carbon out of the atmosphere,
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๋ฝ‘์•„๋ƒ„์œผ๋กœ์จ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ ์ง€
19:58
and solve the problem of biodiversity
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ 
20:00
and reduce the impact on land use
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ํ† ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ 
20:02
and do something about the erosion of topsoils and the quality of water.
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ํ‘œํ† ์ธต ์นจ์‹๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋ฌผ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:05
If you can convince me we can do all that,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
20:07
then, yes, I would take the two percent.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฌผ๋ก  2%์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
20:11
CA: Tim, thank you for a very important talk. Thank you.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ํŒ€, ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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