The birds and the bees are just the beginning | Carin Bondar

180,718 views ใƒป 2014-03-14

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Joohyun Seo ๊ฒ€ํ† : K Bang
00:12
Anyone in the room thought about sex today?
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์„น์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
00:15
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:16
Yeah, you did.
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๋„ค, ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
00:17
Thank you for putting your hand up over there.
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์ €๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„, ์† ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
Well, I'm here to provide you with
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์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
00:21
some biological validation
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์ข€ ๋ถˆ๊ฑด์ „ํ•œ ๋ชฝ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:23
for your sordid daydreams.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์ธ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
I'm here to tell you a few things
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
00:26
that you might not have known about wild sex.
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์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ์„น์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฐ ์•„๋งˆ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
00:29
Now, when humans think about sex,
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์ž, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์„น์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
00:31
male and female forms
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ
00:33
are generally what come to mind,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
00:35
but for many millions of years,
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
00:37
such specific categories didn't even exist.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
00:40
Sex was a mere fusion of bodies
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์„น์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ์ € ๋ชธ์ด๋‚˜
00:42
or a trickle of DNA
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ DNA ๋ฅผ
00:44
shared between two or more beings.
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๋‘˜ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ดค์ฃ .
00:47
It wasn't until about 500 million years ago
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5์–ต๋…„ ์ „์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ
00:49
that we start to see structures akin to a penis
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์Œ๊ฒฝ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ
00:52
or a thing that gives DNA out,
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DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ
00:55
and a vagina, something that receives it.
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์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
00:58
Now invariably, you're probably thinking about
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ•จ์—†์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ
01:00
what belongs to our own species,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
01:03
these very familiar structures,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
01:05
but the diversity that we see in sexual structures
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๋ฌผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
01:07
in the animal kingdom that has evolved
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์ž์†์˜ ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:09
in response to the multitude of factors
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๋งŽ์€ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„ํ™”๋œ
01:12
surrounding reproduction
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์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€
01:13
is pretty mind-blowing.
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์ •๋ง ๊นŒ๋ฌด๋Ÿฌ์น  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Penile diversity is especially profuse.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
So this is a paper nautilus.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐฐ๋‚™์ง€(paper nautilus)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
It's a close relative of squid and octopus,
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๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ค์ง•์–ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์–ด์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ ,
01:24
and males have a hectocotylus.
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ์ƒ์‹์™„(hectocotylus)์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:27
Just what is a hectocotylus?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ƒ์‹์™„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:29
A detachable, swimming penis.
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ชธ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์˜๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
It leaves the [body of the male],
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์ด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์™€
01:36
finds the female through pheromonal cues in the water,
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๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ํŽ˜๋กœ๋ชฌ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”์ปท์„ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ€
01:39
attaches itself to her body
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์•”์ปท์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์ฐฉ ๋ถ™์–ด์„œ
01:41
and deposits the sperm.
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์ •์•ก์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
For many decades, biologists actually felt
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ง€๋‚œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
01:45
that the hectocotylus was a separate organism altogether.
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์ƒ์‹์™„์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:49
Now, the tapir is a mammal from South America.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋งฅ(tapir)์€ ๋‚จ๋ฏธ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And the tapir has a prehensile penis.
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๋งฅ์˜ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
It actually has a level of dexterity in its penis
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๋งฅ์€ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ž์œ ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:58
much akin to what we have with our hands.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
02:01
And it uses this dexterity
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์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ž์œ ์ž์žฌ๋กœ ์›€์ง์—ฌ
02:02
to bypass the vagina altogether
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์•”์ปท์˜ ์งˆ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ณ 
02:04
and deposit sperm directly into the female's uterus,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž๊ถ์— ์ •์•ก์„ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•  ์ •๋„์˜ˆ์š”.
02:08
not to mention it's a pretty good size.
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๊ฝค ํฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ๋งํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๊ณ ์š”.
02:11
The biggest penis in the animal kingdom,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๋งฅ์ด
02:13
however, is not that of the tapir.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
The biggest penis-to-body-size ratio
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๋ชธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ
02:17
in the animal kingdom actually belongs
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค
02:19
to the meager beach barnacle,
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๋”ฐ๊ฐœ๋น„(barnacle)๋ž€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ท๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
02:21
and this video is actually showing you
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์€
02:24
what the human penis would look like
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋”ฐ๊ฐœ๋น„ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์œผ๋ฉด
02:26
if it were the same size as that of a barnacle.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:29
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:32
Mm-hm. (Laughter)
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์Œ.. ์Œ.. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:34
So with all of this diversity in structure,
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ค๋„
02:37
one might think, then, that penises
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:39
are fitting neatly into vaginas all over the place
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์€ ์งˆ์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
02:42
for the purposes of successful reproduction.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ž์† ๋ฒˆ์‹์— ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:44
Simply insert part A into slot B,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ํ‹ˆ์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
02:47
and we should all be good to go.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์ฃ .
02:49
But of course, that doesn't exactly happen,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋”ฑ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
and that's because we can't just take form into account.
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋งŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:54
We have to think about function as well,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
and when it comes to sex,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„น์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด,
02:58
function relates to the contributions made
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๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
by the gametes, or the sperm and the eggs.
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์•”์ˆ˜๊ฐ€, ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์ž์™€ ๋‚œ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—ฌ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:04
And these contributions are far from equal.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Eggs are very expensive to make,
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๋‚œ์ž๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
so it makes sense for females to be very choosy
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์•”์ปท์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊นŒ๋‹ค๋กญ๊ฒŒ
03:12
about who she shares them with.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ณต์œ ํ•  ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
Sperm, on the other hand, is abundant and cheap,
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ •์ž๋Š” ๋งŽ๊ณ  ๋„๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
so it makes more sense for males
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋”์šฑ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
03:21
to have a more-sex-is-better strategy
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์„น์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
when it comes to siring members
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€
03:24
of future generations.
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๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
03:26
So how do animals cope
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ,
03:28
with these very incongruent needs between the sexes?
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์ฆ‰ ์•”์ปท๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ปท ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:31
I mean, if a female doesn't choose a particular male,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์•”์ปท์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:34
or if she has the ability to store sperm
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๋˜๋Š” ์•”์ปท์ด ์ •์•ก์„ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:36
and she simply has enough,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:38
then it makes more sense for her to spend her time
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์•”์ปท์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„
03:40
doing other biologically relevant things:
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์จ์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:43
avoiding predators, taking care of offspring,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง์Šน์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ ,
03:46
gathering and ingesting food.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์œผ๊ณ  ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์ด์š”.
03:48
This is, of course, bad news for any male
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ˆ˜์ปท์—๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
03:50
who has yet to make a deposit in her sperm bank,
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์ž๊ธฐ ์ •์•ก์„ ์•”์ปท์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ง ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ปท์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”์š”.
03:53
and this sets the scene for some pretty drastic strategies
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ณผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
for successful fertilization.
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์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:59
This is bedbug sex,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋นˆ๋Œ€์˜ ์„น์Šค์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:01
and it's aptly termed traumatic insemination.
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์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ฐ€ํžˆ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
Males have a spiked, barbed penis
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ์ฃผ์‚ฟ๋ฐ”๋Š˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ
04:08
that they literally stab into the female,
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์•”์ปท์— ๋ฌธ์ž ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ ๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
and they don't stab it anywhere near her vagina.
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์งˆ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์— ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:14
They stab it anywhere in her body,
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๋ฐฐ์—๋‹ค ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ ๋„ฃ์–ด์š”.
04:16
and the sperm simply migrates
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •์•ก์€
04:17
through her hemolymph to her ovaries.
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์•”์ปท์˜ ๋ฆผํ”„๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚œ์†Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ฃ .
04:21
If a female gets too many stab wounds,
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์•”์ปท์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์ฐ”๋ฆฐ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:23
or if a stab wound happens to become infected,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ฐ”๋ฆฐ ๊ณณ์ด ๊ฐ์—ผ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
04:25
she can actually die from it.
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์•”์ปท์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ฃฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
Now if you've ever been out for a nice,
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์ž ์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•ผ์™ธ์—์„œ
04:29
peaceful walk by the lake
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ํ˜ธ์ˆซ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฑท๋‹ค๊ฐ€
04:31
and happened to see some ducks having sex,
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„น์Šคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:34
you've undoubtedly been alarmed,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ๊นœ์ง ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:36
because it looks like gang rape.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง‘๋‹จ ์„ฑํญํ–‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ์„œ์š”.
04:38
And quite frankly, that's exactly what it is.
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ์„ฑํญํ–‰์ด ๋งž์•„์š”.
04:41
A group of males will grab a female,
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์ˆ˜์ปท ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์ด ์•”์ปท ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์žก์•„์ฑ„์„œ
04:43
hold her down,
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๊ผผ์ง ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
04:44
and ballistically ejaculate their spiral-shaped penis
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๋‚˜์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์„
04:49
into her corkscrew-shaped vagina
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์ฝ”๋ฅดํฌ ๋งˆ๊ฐœ๋ฝ‘์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์•”์ปท์˜ ์งˆ์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:52
over and over and over again.
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ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
From flaccid to ejaculation in less than a second.
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์‚ฌ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ 1์ดˆ๋„ ์•ˆ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
04:58
Now the female actually gets the last laugh, though,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์— ์›ƒ๋Š” ์ชฝ์€ ์•”์ปท์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
05:01
because she can actually manipulate her posture
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์•”์ปท์€ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ์žก์•„์„œ
05:03
so as to allow the sperm of certain suitors
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์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์˜ ์ •์•ก์ด
05:07
better access to her ovaries.
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๋‚œ์†Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž˜ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Now, I like to share stories like this with my audiences
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์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
05:12
because, yeah, we humans,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์€
05:13
we tend to think sex, sex is fun, sex is good,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณค ํ•˜์ฃ . ์„น์Šค๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฑฐ, ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ,
05:17
there's romance, and there's orgasm.
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๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ ˆ์ •๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ์š”.
05:19
But orgasm didn't actually evolve
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ˆ์ •๊ฐ(orgasm)์€
05:20
until about 65 million years ago
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6์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ์•ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:23
with the advent of mammals.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ถœํ˜„ํ•œ ๋•Œ์ฃ .
05:24
But some animals had it going on quite a bit before that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ์ฐธ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋„ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์ ˆ์ •๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:27
There are some more primitive ways
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๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
05:29
of pleasing one's partner.
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:31
Earwig males have either
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์ง‘๊ฒŒ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๋‘˜์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ,
05:33
really large penile appendages
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ •๋ง ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
05:35
or really small ones.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ž‘์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
It's a very simple genetically inherited trait
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด๋ฐ›์€ ํŠน์ง•์ธ๋ฐ,
05:39
and the males are not otherwise any different.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ฌด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:41
Those that have long penile appendages
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ธด ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€
05:43
are not bigger or stronger
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๋ชธ์ง‘์ด ํฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํž˜์ด ์„ธ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:45
or otherwise any different at all.
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๊ณ ์š”.
05:47
So going back to our biological minds, then,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๋ก ํ•ด ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด
05:49
we might think that females should choose
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์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”, ์ฆ‰ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€ ์•„๋งˆ
05:51
to have sex with the guys that have the shorter appendages,
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฏธํ•˜๋ ค ํ•  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
05:54
because she can use her time for other things:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฐ–์ฃ .
05:57
avoiding predators, taking care of young,
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ํฌ์‹์ž๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ณด๊ณ .
05:58
finding and ingesting food.
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๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์„ญ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์˜ˆ์š”.
06:00
But biologists have repeatedly observed
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๋“ญ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
06:03
that females choose to have sex
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๊ต๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ž๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ์•”์ปท๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€
06:05
with the males that have the long appendages.
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ธด ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜€์–ด์š”.
06:09
Why do they do this?
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์•”์ปท๋“ค์ด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
06:11
Well, according to the biological literature,
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์Œ, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™ ๋ฌธํ—Œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
06:14
"During copulation, the genitalia of certain males
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"๊ต๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ, ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์ปท์˜ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
06:16
may elicit more favorable female responses
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์•”์ปท์ด ๋”์šฑ ํ˜ธ์˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:19
through superior mechanical or stimulatory interaction
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ์•”์ปท์˜ ์ƒ์‹๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ , ์ž๊ทน์  ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„
06:22
with the female reproductive tract."
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ํƒ์›”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ์ผ ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค."
06:26
Mm-hm.
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์Œ.. ์Œ..
06:28
These are Mexican guppies,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋ฉ•์‹œ์นธ ๊ตฌํ”ผ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ด๋Œ€์–ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:30
and what you see on their upper maxilla
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๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹  ์œ„ํ„ฑ๋ผˆ์—๋Š”
06:32
is an outgrowth of epidermal filaments,
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ํ‘œํ”ผ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ป—์–ด๋‚˜์™€ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”,
06:35
and these filaments basically form
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ฒด๋“ค๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
06:36
a fish mustache, if you will.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—ผ์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:39
Now males have been observed to prod
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€
06:41
the female's genital opening
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์•”์ปท์˜ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์ฐŒ๋ฅธ ํ›„์—
06:43
prior to copulating with her,
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๊ต๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
and in what I have lovingly termed the Magnum, P.I. hypothesis,
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์ €๋Š” "๋งค๊ทธ๋„˜ P. I. ๊ฐ€์„ค"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”, (Magnum P. I. ์ฝง์ˆ˜์—ผ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต ๋“ฑ์žฅ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ)
06:48
females are overwhelmingly more likely to be found
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์ฐพ์•„๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•”์ปท๋“ค์€
06:52
with males that have these fish mustaches.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—ผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:56
A little guppy porn for you right there.
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ตฌํ”ผ ํฌ๋ฅด๋…ธ๋ผ๊ณ ๋‚˜ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”.
07:00
So we've seen very different strategies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:02
that males are using when it comes to
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์–ด๋–ค ์ „๋žต์ด๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด
07:05
winning a female partner.
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๊ต๋ฏธ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์•”์ปท์„ ์–ป์„ ๋•Œ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:06
We've seen a coercion strategy in which sexual structures are used in a forceful way
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ "๊ฐ•์ œ ์ „๋žต"์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ
07:11
to basically make a female have sex.
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์šฐ๊ฒฉ๋‹ค์ง์œผ๋กœ ์•”์ปท๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฏธํ•  ๋•Œ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
We've also seen a titillation strategy
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"๊ฐ„์งˆ์ด๊ธฐ ์ „๋žต"๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
07:15
where males are actually
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์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ
07:17
pleasing their female partners into choosing them
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์•”์ปท์„ ๊ฐ„์งˆ์—ฌ์„œ ๊ต๋ฏธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ
07:19
as a sex partner.
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์ž์‹ ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
Now unfortunately, in the animal kingdom,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
07:23
it's the coercion strategy that we see
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๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฐ•์ œ ์ „๋žต์ด
07:26
time and time again.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
It's very common in many phyla,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งŽ์€ "๋ฌธ"์—์„œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ๋ฐ, (๋ฌธ: ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ฅ˜)
07:30
from invertebrates to avian species,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™์ถ” ๋™๋ฌผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜,
07:32
mammals, and, of course, even in primates.
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ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์˜์žฅ๋ฅ˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„์š”.
07:35
Now interestingly, there are a few mammalian species
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ผ๋ถ€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š”
07:39
in which females have evolved specialized genitalia
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์•”์ปท์˜ ์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ™”๋˜์–ด
07:42
that doesn't allow for sexual coercion to take place.
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์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:46
Female elephants and female hyenas
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•˜์ด์—๋‚˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
07:49
have a penile clitoris,
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์•”์ปท์˜ ์Œํ•ต์ด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:51
or an enlarged clitoral tissue that hangs externally,
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์Œํ•ต ์กฐ์ง์ด ๊ฒ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:55
much like a penis,
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๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
07:57
and in fact it's very difficult to sex these animals
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ต๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด๋ฐ์š”,
07:59
by merely looking at their external morphology.
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์™ธ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋งŒ ๋ด๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:02
So before a male can insert his penis into a female's vagina,
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์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ์•”์ปท์˜ ์งˆ์— ๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ €
08:06
she has to take this penile clitoris
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์•”์ปท์ด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ธด ์Œํ•ต์„ ์žก์•„์„œ
08:08
and basically inside-out it in her own body.
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์•ˆํŒŽ์„ ๋’ค์ง‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
08:11
I mean, imagine putting a penis into another penis.
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์Œ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ๊ฒฝ์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
It's simply not going to happen
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ๊ต๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:16
unless the female is on board with the action.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•”์ปท์ด ๊ทธ์— ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
08:19
Now, even more interesting is the fact
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๋”์šฑ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€
08:21
that elephant and hyena societies
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ด์—๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
08:23
are entirely matriarchal:
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋ชจ์žฅ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”,
08:25
they're run by females, groups of females,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์†”ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์•”์ปท, ์•”์ปท์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ
08:28
sisters, aunts and offspring,
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์ž๋งค, ์ด๋ชจ์™€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:30
and when young males attain sexual maturity,
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์ Š์€ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
08:33
they're turfed out of the group.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์ซ“๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
In hyena societies, adult males
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ํ•˜์ด์—๋‚˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์ด
08:37
are actually the lowest on the social scale.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:40
They can take part in a kill only after
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์ฃฝ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ๋‹ค ํฐ ์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€
08:43
everybody else, including the offspring.
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๋งจ ๋‚˜์ค‘, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋’ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:46
So it seems that when you take the penis power
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ™๋„ค์š”. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ์Œ๊ฒฝ์˜ ํž˜์„
08:48
away from a male,
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์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:50
you take away all the social power he has.
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๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํž˜์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:54
So what are my take-home messages from my talk today?
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์ž, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ป๋Š” ๊ตํ›ˆ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
08:56
Well, sex is just so much more
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์Œ, ์„น์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:59
than insert part A into slot B
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์–ด๋Š ํ‹ˆ์— ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
09:02
and hope that the offspring run around everywhere.
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์ž์†์ด ์–ด๋””๋“  ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:05
The sexual strategies and reproductive structures
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:07
that we see in the animal kingdom basically
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๊ต๋ฏธ ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์ƒ์‹ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š”
09:10
dictate how males and females will react to each other,
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๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
09:14
which then dictates how populations and societies
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ, ์ „์ฒด ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
09:17
form and evolve.
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๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
So it may not be surprising to any of you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์— ๋†€๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์€ ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
09:21
that animals, including ourselves,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด
09:23
spend a good amount of time thinking about sex,
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์„น์Šค์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:27
but what might surprise you is the extent to which
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๋ฉด ๋†€๋ผ์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
09:30
so many other aspects of their lives and our lives
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๋ญ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“  ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฉด์ด
09:34
are influenced by it.
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์„น์Šค์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:36
So thank you, and happy daydreaming.
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์ž, ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋ชฝ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ.
09:38
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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