Richard Weller: Could the sun be good for your heart?

87,914 views ใƒป 2013-01-17

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Poram Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jung Yeol Kim
00:15
So, before I became a dermatologist,
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—
00:18
I started in general medicine,
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์ €๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋‚ด๊ณผ์˜๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
as most dermatologists do in Britain.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด์š”.
00:22
At the end of that time, I went off to Australia,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋ง์—ฝ์— ์ €๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
about 20 years ago.
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์•ฝ 20๋…„ ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
What you learn when you go to Australia
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
00:28
is the Australians are very competitive.
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‹ฌ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
And they are not magnanimous in victory.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์Šน๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–‘๋ณดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
And that happened a lot:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ :
00:35
"You pommies, you can't play cricket, rugby."
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"์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๊ตญ ๋†ˆ๋“ค, ๋„ˆ๋„ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์ผ“์ด๋‚˜ ๋Ÿญ๋น„๋„๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฌ๋‚˜."
00:38
I could accept that.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
But moving into work --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ง์—…์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด -
00:42
and we have each week what's called a journal club,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค์ฃผ ์ €๋„ ํด๋Ÿฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
when you'd sit down with the other doctors
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
00:47
and you'd study a scientific paper
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์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„
00:49
in relation to medicine.
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๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์ด์ฃ .
00:51
And after week one, it was about cardiovascular mortality,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒซ์ฃผ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€์งˆํ™˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:54
a dry subject -- how many people die of heart disease,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ฃฝ๊ณ ,
00:57
what the rates are.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ์–ด๋–ค์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ์ฃผ์ œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
And they were competitive about this:
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค:
01:01
"You pommies, your rates of heart disease are shocking."
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"์˜๊ตญ ๋†ˆ๋“ค, ๋„ˆํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ๊ฑธ."
01:04
And of course, they were right.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜ณ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
Australians have about a third less heart disease than we do --
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 1/3 ์ ์€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:10
less deaths from heart attacks, heart failure, less strokes --
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์‹ฌ์žฅ๋งˆ๋น„, ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์ „, ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์ฃ .
01:14
they're generally a healthier bunch.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
01:16
And of course they said this was because of
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜
01:17
their fine moral standing, their exercise,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ธ ์šด๋™ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
because they're Australians and we're weedy pommies, and so on.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ธ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ—ˆ์•ฝํ•œ ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:24
But it's not just Australia that has better health than Britain.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ธ์ด ์˜๊ตญ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Within Britain, there is a gradient of health --
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์˜๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:32
and this is what's called standardized mortality,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ‘œ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
01:34
basically your chances of dying.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
This is looking at data from the paper about 20 years ago,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ฝ 20๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
but it's true today.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์ฃ .
01:41
Comparing your rates of dying 50 degrees north --
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„๋„ 50๋„ ๋ถ์ชฝ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด
01:44
that's the South, that's London and places --
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์ €๊ฑด ๋‚จ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
by latitude, and 55 degrees --
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์œ„๋„๋กœ 55๋„์ฏค ๋˜๋Š” ์ €๊ธฐ๊ฐ€
01:50
the bad news is that's here, Glasgow.
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ณ ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
01:52
I'm from Edinburgh. Worse news, that's even Edinburgh.
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์ €๋Š” ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ ์ถœ์‹ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ๋กœ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
01:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) [์—ญ: ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ถ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Œ]
01:59
So what accounts for this horrible space here
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
02:02
between us up here in southern Scotland
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ์ชฝ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ธ ์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ ๋‚จ๋ถ€์™€
02:04
and the South?
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๋‚จ์ชฝ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ ?
02:05
Now, we know about smoking,
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํก์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
deep-fried Mars bars, chips -- the Glasgow diet.
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ํŠ€๊ธด ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ ์Šค๋‚ต๋ฐ”, ๊ฐ์ž ์นฉ -- ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ณ ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋จน๋Š” ์Œ์‹์ด์ฃ .
02:10
All of these things.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์š”.
02:11
But this graph is after taking into account
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ๋ชจ๋“ 
02:14
all of these known risk factors.
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์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
This is after accounting for smoking, social class, diet,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํก์—ฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ณ„๊ธ‰, ์‹์Šต๊ด€ ๋“ฑ
02:20
all those other known risk factors.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋’ค์ฃ .
02:21
We are left with this missing space
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด ๋ถ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก
02:24
of increased deaths the further north you go.
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์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
Now, sunlight, of course, comes into this.
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์ž, ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ผ์กฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And vitamin D has had a great deal of press,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ ์–ธ๋ก ์— ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
and a lot of people get concerned about it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And we need vitamin D. It's now a requirement that children have a certain amount.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์˜์–‘์†Œ๋กœ ์ผ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ง€์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
02:38
My grandmother grew up in Glasgow,
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์ €์˜ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
back in the 1920s and '30s when rickets was a real problem
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1920~30๋…„๋Œ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋ณ‘์ด ์ง„์งœ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋˜ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
and cod liver oil was brought in.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ธฐ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:46
And that really prevented the rickets that used to be common in this city.
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๋Œ€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„์œ ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ผ์Šค๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋ณ‘์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
And I as a child was fed cod liver oil by my grandmother.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ ๊ฐ„์œ ๋ฅผ ๋จน์ด๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
I distinctly -- nobody forgets cod liver oil.
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์ „, ์ •๋ง๋กœ -- ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œ ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žŠ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:57
But an association: The higher people's blood levels of vitamin D are,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
03:02
the less heart disease they have, the less cancer.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜๋„ ์ ๊ณ  ์•” ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ๋„ ๋‚ฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
There seems to be a lot of data suggesting that vitamin D is very good for you.
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๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์•„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And it is, to prevent rickets and so on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
03:11
But if you give people vitamin D supplements,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD ๋ณด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
03:14
you don't change that high rate of heart disease.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
And the evidence for it preventing cancers is not yet great.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์•” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ์•„์ง ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜์ฃ .
03:21
So what I'm going to suggest is that vitamin D is not the only story in town.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD ๋งŒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ €์˜ ์ถ”์ธก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
It's not the only reason preventing heart disease.
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๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:30
High vitamin D levels, I think, are a marker for sunlight exposure,
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๋†’์€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์˜ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋†๋„๋Š” ํ–‡๋น› ๋…ธ์ถœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
and sunlight exposure, in methods I'm going to show,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ–‡๋น› ๋…ธ์ถœ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ๋Š”
03:37
is good for heart disease.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Anyway, I came back from Australia,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ „ ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
03:42
and despite the obvious risks to my health, I moved to Aberdeen.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์• ๋ฒ„๋”˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) [์—ญ: ์—๋ฒ„๋”˜์€ ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ถ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ์Œ]
03:48
Now, in Aberdeen, I started my dermatology training.
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์ž, ์ „ ์• ๋ฒ„๋”˜์—์„œ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
But I also became interested in research,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:53
and in particular I became interested in this substance, nitric oxide.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ, ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
Now these three guys up here,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Furchgott, Ignarro and Murad,
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ํผ์น˜๊ฐ“, ์ด๊ทธ๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ผ๋“œ์”จ๋Š”
03:59
won the Nobel Prize for medicine back in 1998.
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1998๋…„์— ์˜ํ•™ ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
And they were the first people to describe
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ™”ํ•™์  ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ธ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:04
this new chemical transmitter, nitric oxide.
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์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:08
What nitric oxide does is it dilates blood vessels,
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์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:11
so it lowers your blood pressure.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์ฃผ์ฃ .
04:12
It also dilates the coronary arteries, so it stops angina.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ด€์ƒ ๋™๋งฅ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜‘์‹ฌ์ฆ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:17
And what was remarkable about it
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์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:18
was in the past when we think of chemical messengers within the body,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชธ ์†์˜ ํ™”ํ•™ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋ฉด,
04:22
we thought of complicated things like estrogen and insulin,
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์—์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๊ฒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ฐ™์ด
04:25
or nerve transmission.
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
Very complex processes with very complex chemicals
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
04:30
that fit into very complex receptors.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋“ค์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
And here's this incredibly simple molecule,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
a nitrogen and an oxygen that are stuck together,
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์งˆ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž์™€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
04:38
and yet these are hugely important for [unclear] our low blood pressure,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ „๋‹ฌ ๋“ฑ
04:43
for neurotransmission, for many, many things,
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
but particularly cardiovascular health.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์š”.
04:49
And I started doing research, and we found, very excitingly,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ, ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๊ฒŒ๋„,
04:52
that the skin produces nitric oxide.
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
So it's not just in the cardiovascular system it arises.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ์žฅํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:57
It arises in the skin.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
Well, having found that and published that,
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๊ธ€์Ž„, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๊ณ ์„ 
05:01
I thought, well, what's it doing?
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์ „ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
How do you have low blood pressure in your skin?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
05:05
It's not the heart. What do you do?
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜์ฃ ?
05:07
So I went off to the States, as many people do if they're going to do research,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ฏ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
and I spent a few years in Pittsburgh. This is Pittsburgh.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์—์„œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ณณ์€ ํ”ผ์ธ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
And I was interested in these really complex systems.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:17
We thought that maybe nitric oxide affected cell death,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ,
05:21
and how cells survive, and their resistance to other things.
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
And I first off started work in cell culture, growing cells,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋จผ์ € ์„ธํฌ ๋ฐฐ์–‘์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ ,
05:27
and then I was using knockout mouse models --
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์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ƒ์ฅ(knockout mouse)๋ฅผ
05:29
mice that couldn't make the gene.
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์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์ฃ .
05:31
We worked out a mechanism, which -- NO was helping cells survive.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
And I then moved back to Edinburgh.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ์ „ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And in Edinburgh, the experimental animal we use is the medical student.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์˜๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
It's a species close to human,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ข…์ด๋ฉฐ
05:44
with several advantages over mice:
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์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:46
They're free, you don't shave them, they feed themselves,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต์งœ๊ณ , ๋ฉด๋„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์•„์„œ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ ๋จน์ฃ .
05:49
and nobody pickets your office saying,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค ์•ž์—์„œ
05:51
"Save the lab medical student."
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"์‹คํ—˜์‹ค ์˜๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ์‚ด๋ ค์ค˜์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ์“ฐ์ธ ํ”ผ์ผ“์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹œ์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์ฃ .
05:54
So they're really an ideal model.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
But what we found
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹คํ—˜์šฉ ์ฅ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€
05:59
was that we couldn't reproduce in man the data we had shown in mice.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:04
It seemed we couldn't turn off the production
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งˆ์น˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์˜
06:07
of nitric oxide in the skin of humans.
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์ƒ์„ฑ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
We put on creams that blocked the enzyme that made it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆผ๋„ ๋ฐœ๋ผ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ ,
06:13
we injected things. We couldn't turn off the nitric oxide.
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์ฃผ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ €๊ฒƒ ์ฃผ์ž…๋„ ํ•ด๋ณด์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
And the reason for this, it turned out, after two or three years' work,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ 2~3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž‘์—…ํ•œ ํ›„์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
06:20
was that in the skin we have huge stores
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
not of nitric oxide, because nitric oxide is a gas,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ,
06:28
and it's released -- (Poof!) -- and in a few seconds it's away,
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๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๋’ค ๋ช‡ ์ดˆ ํ›„๋ฉด ํ‘ธ์Š‰~ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ง์ฃ .
06:31
but it can be turned into these forms of nitric oxide --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์‚ฐํ™” ์งˆ์†Œ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
nitrate, NO3; nitrite, NO2; nitrosothiols.
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์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ, NO3; ์•„์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ, NO2; ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ์†Œ์‹ธ์ด์˜ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
And these are more stable,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด์ฃ .
06:39
and your skin has got really large stores of NO.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ •๋ง ํฐ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
And we then thought to ourselves, with those big stores,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํฐ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:46
I wonder if sunlight might activate those stores
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์ €๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์ด ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
06:49
and release them from the skin,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋ชธ์†์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์˜ ์•ฝ 10๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ €์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”
06:51
where the stores are about 10 times as big as what's in the circulation.
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์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋†“๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Could the sun activate those stores into the circulation,
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ํƒœ์–‘์ด ์ด ์ €์žฅ๋œ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ˆœํ™˜๋˜๋„๋ก ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”,
06:57
and there in the circulation do its good things for your cardiovascular system?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:03
Well, I'm an experimental dermatologist,
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์•„, ์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
so what we did was we thought
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
07:06
we'd have to expose our experimental animals to sunlight.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ํ–‡๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
And so what we did was we took a bunch of volunteers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
07:14
and we exposed them to ultraviolet light.
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์ž์™ธ์„ ์— ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
So these are kind of sunlamps.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ž์—ฐ๊ด‘ ๋žจํ”„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
Now, what we were careful to do was,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
vitamin D is made by ultraviolet B rays
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๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„ B์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
and we wanted to separate our story from the vitamin D story.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์™€๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:28
So we used ultraviolet A, which doesn't make vitamin D.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„ A๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
When we put people under a lamp
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํ–‡์‚ด ์•ฝ 30๋ถ„์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›์•„๋ž˜
07:34
for the equivalent of about 30 minutes of sunshine in summer in Edinburgh,
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์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๋…ธ์ถœ์‹œ์ผฐ์„ ๋•Œ,
07:39
what we produced was, we produced a rise
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:42
in circulating nitric oxide.
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์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์ˆœํ™˜ ์–‘์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
So we put patients with these subjects under the UV,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ž์™ธ์„  ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
and their NO levels do go up,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ ,
07:49
and their blood pressure goes down.
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ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
Not by much, as an individual level,
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๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
07:54
but enough at a population level
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์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ์›€์ง์ผ ๋งŒํผ
07:56
to shift the rates of heart disease in a whole population.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:00
And when we shone UV at them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ๋น„์ถ”๊ฑฐ๋‚˜,
08:02
or when we warmed them up to the same level as the lamps,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ „ ์‹คํ—˜์—์„œ ๋žจํ”„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
but didn't actually let the rays hit the skin, this didn't happen.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ด‘์„ ์„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ชผ์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
So this seems to be a feature of ultraviolet rays hitting the skin.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์ชผ์ธ ๋“ฏํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
08:13
Now, we're still collecting data.
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์ด์ œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
A few good things here:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ :
08:16
This appeared to be more marked in older people.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธ๋…„์ธต์—์„œ ๋” ๋šœ๋ ทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
I'm not sure exactly how much.
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์ €๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜€๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
08:21
One of the subjects here was my mother-in-law,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ๊ฐ€์ž ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ €์˜ ์žฅ๋ชจ๋‹˜์ด์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
and clearly I do not know her age.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:26
But certainly in people older than my wife,
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ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฑด ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋“œ์…จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:29
this appears to be a more marked effect.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ถ„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋” ํ™•์—ฐํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
And the other thing I should mention
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ ์€
08:33
was there was no change in vitamin D.
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๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
This is separate from vitamin D.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:38
So vitamin D is good for you -- it stops rickets,
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๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ๋ฃจ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ง‰์•„์ฃผ์ฃ .
08:39
it prevents calcium metabolism, important stuff.
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์นผ์Š˜ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:41
But this is a separate mechanism from vitamin D.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋น„ํƒ€๋ฏผD์™€๋Š” ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
Now, one of the problems with looking at blood pressure
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์ž, ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
08:47
is your body does everything it can
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:49
to keep your blood pressure at the same place.
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
If your leg is chopped off and you lose blood,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ ค์„œ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ์žƒ์œผ๋ฉด,
08:52
your body will clamp down, increase the heart rate,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชธ์€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋ฐ•๋™์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
do everything it can to keep your blood pressure up.
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ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”์ฃ 
08:57
That is an absolutely fundamental physiological principle.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€์ ์ด๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์›์น™์ด์—์š”.
09:00
So what we've next done
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:02
is we've moved on to looking at blood vessel dilatation.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
So we've measured -- this is again,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ„ธ์ด ์—†๋Š”
09:07
notice no tail and hairless, this is a medical student.
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์˜๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:12
In the arm, you can measure blood flow in the arm
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ํŒ”์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
by how much it swells up as some blood flows into it.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒ”์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถ“๋Š”์ง€๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:18
And what we've shown is that doing a sham irradiation --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์งœ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ํˆฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
09:22
this is the thick line here --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘๊บผ์šด ์„ ์ด--
09:23
this is shining UV on the arm so it warms up
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ํŒ”์— ์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ์ชผ์—ฌ์„œ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํ›„์—
09:25
but keeping it covered so the rays don't hit the skin.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง์‚ฌ๊ด‘์„ ์—๋Š” ๋‹ฟ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ฎ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
There is no change in blood flow, in dilatation of the blood vessels.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก ํ๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์—๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
But the active irradiation,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํˆฌ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
09:34
during the UV and for an hour after it,
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์ž์™ธ์„ ์„ ์ฌ๋˜ ์ค‘๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์•ฝ ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
09:37
there is dilation of the blood vessels.
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ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ฃ .
09:39
This is the mechanism by which you lower blood pressure,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜ˆ์••์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
by which you dilate the coronary arteries also,
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๊ด€์ƒ ๋™๋งฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋„“์–ด์ ธ์„œ
09:44
to let the blood be supplied with the heart.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:46
So here, further data that ultraviolet -- that's sunlight --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ž์™ธ์„ , ์ฆ‰, ํ–‡๋น›์ด
09:51
has benefits on the blood flow and the cardiovascular system.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
So we thought we'd just kind of model --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
09:58
Different amounts of UV hit different parts of the Earth at different times of year,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–‘์˜ ์ž์™ธ์„ ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ฌ๊ณ 
10:04
so you can actually work out those stores of nitric oxide --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ์ž์™ธ์„ ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
10:08
the nitrates, nitrites, nitrosothiols in the skin --
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ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ, ์•„์งˆ์‚ฐ์—ผ, ๋‚˜์ดํŠธ๋กœ์†Œ์‹ธ์ด์˜ฌ๋“ค์ด
10:10
cleave to release NO.
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์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ ธ์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Different wavelengths of light have different activities of doing that.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ์žฅ์˜ ๋น›์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
10:17
So you can look at the wavelengths of light that do that.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์šฉ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
And you can look -- So, if you live on the equator, the sun comes straight overhead,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด -- ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ ๋„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์œ„๋กœ ๋˜‘๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ฃ 
10:23
it comes through a very thin bit of atmosphere.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–‡์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
In winter or summer, it's the same amount of light.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด๋‚˜, ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์–‘์€ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
10:27
If you live up here, in summer
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ถ์ชฝ์— ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—”
10:30
the sun is coming fairly directly down,
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ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ง์ ‘ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ
10:32
but in winter it's coming through a huge amount of atmosphere,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒจ์šธ์—๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
and much of the ultraviolet is weeded out,
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์ž์™ธ์„ ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:39
and the range of wavelengths that hit the Earth
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ํŒŒ์žฅ์€
10:41
are different from summer to winter.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฒจ์šธ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ 
10:44
So what you can do is you can multiply those data
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:46
by the NO that's released
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์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๊ณฑํ•ด์„œ
10:48
and you can calculate how much nitric oxide
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™€
10:51
would be released from the skin into the circulation.
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์ˆœํ™˜๊ณ„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๋Š” ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
Now, if you're on the equator here --
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ ๋„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:56
that's these two lines here, the red line and the purple line --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‘ ์ค„, ๋นจ๊ฐ„ ์„ ๊ณผ ๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰ ์„ ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
the amount of nitric oxide that's released is the area under the curve,
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๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋œ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ์˜ ์–‘์€ ๊ณก์„ ์˜ ์•„๋žซ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”
11:04
it's the area in this space here.
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์ด ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
So if you're on the equator, December or June,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ ๋„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด 12์›”์ด๋“  6์›”์ด๋“ 
11:08
you've got masses of NO being released from the skin.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
So Ventura is in southern California.
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๋ฒค์ถ”๋ผ๋Š” ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
In summer, you might as well be at the equator.
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์—” ์—ญ์‹œ ์ ๋„ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:16
It's great. Lots of NO is released.
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๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ . ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
Ventura mid-winter, well, there's still a decent amount.
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ํ•œ๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ ๋ฒค์ถ”๋ผ์—๋„ ๊ธ€์Ž„, ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
Edinburgh in summer, the area beneath the curve is pretty good,
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์—ฌ๋ฆ„์˜ ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ๋Š”, ์ด ๊ณก์„  ์•„๋ž˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋‹ˆ ๊ฝค ์ข‹์€ ํŽธ์ด์ฃ .
11:26
but Edinburgh in winter, the amount of NO that can be released
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒจ์šธ์˜ ์—๋“ ๋ฒ„๋Ÿฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋Š”
11:31
is next to nothing, tiny amounts.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
So what do we think?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:36
We're still working at this story,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
we're still developing it, we're still expanding it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:40
We think it's very important.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
We think it probably accounts for a lot of the north-south health divide within Britain,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋งˆ ์˜๊ตญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋‚จ๋ถ์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
It's of relevance to us.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
We think that the skin --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
11:48
well, we know that the skin has got very large stores
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฌผ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ
11:51
of nitric oxide as these various other forms.
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๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
We suspect a lot of these come from diet,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด ์Œ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
green leafy vegetables, beetroot, lettuce
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๋…น์ƒ‰ ์žŽ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ„์†Œ, ์‚ฌํƒ•๋ฌด, ์ƒ์ถ” ๋“ฑ์€
11:58
has a lot of these nitric oxides that we think go to the skin.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ผ์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
We think they're then stored in the skin,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ์ €์žฅ๋˜๊ณ ,
12:03
and we think the sunlight releases this
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ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ชธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
where it has generally beneficial effects.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ตํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:08
And this is ongoing work, but dermatologists --
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Š˜ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๋“ค์€ -
12:11
I mean, I'm a dermatologist.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ €๋„ ํ”ผ๋ถ€๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜์ด๊ธด ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:12
My day job is saying to people, "You've got skin cancer,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ "ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์ด์‹œ๊ตฐ์š”. ํ–‡๋น› ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ˆ
12:15
it's caused by sunlight, don't go in the sun."
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ํ–‡๋น›์„ ํ”ผํ•˜์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:17
I actually think a far more important message
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š”
12:19
is that there are benefits as well as risks to sunlight.
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ํ–‡๋น›์—๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜œํƒ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
Yes, sunlight is the major alterable risk factor for skin cancer,
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๋„ค, ํ–‡๋น›์€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
but deaths from heart disease are a hundred times higher
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์•”์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋ณด๋‹ค
12:31
than deaths from skin cancer.
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฐ€ 100๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ด์ƒ ๋” ๋งŽ์ฃ .
12:33
And I think that we need to be more aware of,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ–‡๋น›์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ณผ ํ˜œํƒ์˜ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋น„์œจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:36
and we need to find the risk-benefit ratio.
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
How much sunlight is safe,
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๊ณผ์—ฐ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ํ–‡๋น›์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:40
and how can we finesse this best for our general health?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–‡๋น›์„ ์ž˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:44
So, thank you very much indeed.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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