Steven Schwaitzberg: A universal translator for surgeons

22,608 views ・ 2013-01-24

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Hyunglak Son κ²€ν† : Keun Wook Steve Kim
00:15
So I want to talk to you about two things tonight.
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였늘 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ 두 가지 이야기λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Number one:
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μ²«λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”,
00:21
Teaching surgery and doing surgery
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μ™Έκ³Ό μˆ˜μˆ μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 일과 μ§‘λ„ν•˜λŠ” 일은
00:24
is really hard.
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정말 μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
And second,
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ”,
00:28
that language is one of the most profound things
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μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ μ „ 세계 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ‹¨μ ˆμ‹œν‚€λŠ”
00:31
that separate us all over the world.
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μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μž₯μ• λ¬Όμ΄λž€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
And in my little corner of the world,
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그리고 μ œκ°€ μΌν•˜λŠ” λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œλŠ”,
00:36
these two things are actually related,
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이 두가지가 μ—°κ΄€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ”λ°,
00:38
and I want to tell you how tonight.
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그것이 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ—°κ΄€ λ˜μ–΄μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
Now, nobody wants an operation.
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세상에 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
Who here has had surgery?
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μˆ˜μˆ λ°›μœΌμ‹  λΆ„ κ³„μ‹ κ°€μš”?
00:48
Did you want it?
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λ°›κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μ„œ λ°›μœΌμ…¨λ‚˜μš”?
00:49
Keep your hands up if you wanted an operation.
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λ°›κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄μ„œ λ°›μœΌμ‹  λΆ„ 손 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:51
Nobody wants an operation.
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아무도 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ›ν•˜μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
In particular, nobody wants an operation
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νŠΉνžˆλ‚˜, μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•  λ•Œ
00:56
with tools like these through large incisions
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이런 λ„κ΅¬λ‘œ 크게 절개λ₯Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λ”μš± 싫을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
that cause a lot of pain,
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많이 κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ½κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κ³ 
01:03
that cause a lot of time out of work or out of school,
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ν•™κ΅λ‚˜ 일도 였래 쉬어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
that leave a big scar.
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큰 흉터도 남죠.
01:09
But if you have to have an operation,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜λ„ μ–΄μ©” 수 없이 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
01:12
what you really want is a minimally invasive operation.
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μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ 절개만 ν•˜κ³  싢을 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
That's what I want to talk to you about tonight --
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μ œκ°€ 이야기 ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜λŠ” 뢀뢄이 λ°”λ‘œ 이 λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
how doing and teaching this type of surgery
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 일이
01:19
led us on a search
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더 쒋은 세계 λ²”μš©μ˜ 톡역기λ₯Ό
01:21
for a better universal translator.
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찾게 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Now, this type of surgery is hard,
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이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μˆ˜μˆ μ€ 정말 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:26
and it starts by putting people to sleep,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ¨Όμ € λ§ˆμ·¨μ‹œν‚€κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
01:29
putting carbon dioxide in their abdomen,
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볡뢀에 μ΄μ‚°ν™”νƒ„μ†Œλ₯Ό λΆˆμ–΄ λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:31
blowing them up like a balloon,
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λ°°λ₯Ό ν’μ„ μ²˜λŸΌ 뢀풀리고 λ‚˜λ©΄
01:33
sticking one of these sharp pointy things into their abdomen --
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이런 λΎ°μ‘±ν•œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό 볡뢀에 μ°”λŸ¬ λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
it's dangerous stuff --
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μ’€ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ λ„κ΅¬μ—μš”.
01:42
and taking instruments and watching it on a TV screen.
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그런 λ‹€μŒμ— TV화면을 보며 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λŠ”λ°,
01:46
So let's see what it looks like.
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ν•œ 번 직접 λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
01:48
So this is gallbladder surgery.
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μ“Έκ°œλΆ€λΆ„μ„ μˆ˜μˆ ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
We perform a million of these a year
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이런 μˆ˜μˆ μ€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œλ„
01:52
in the United States alone.
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맀년 λ°±λ§Œκ±΄μ”© μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
01:54
This is the real thing. There's no blood.
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μ‹€μ œ ν™”λ©΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν”ΌλŠ” 보이지 μ•Šλ„€μš”.
01:56
And you can see how focused the surgeons are,
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ 보이싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
how much concentration it takes.
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ν‘œμ •μ„ λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ μ•„μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ,
02:02
You can see it in their faces.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 집쀑λ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
02:04
It's hard to teach, and it's not all that easy to learn.
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κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 것도, λ°°μš°λŠ” 것도 νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
We do about five million of these in the United States
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ 500만건, μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”
02:12
and maybe 20 million of these worldwide.
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μ•½ 2,000만건의 수술이 맀년 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:17
All right, you've all heard the term:
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이런 말 λ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ…¨μ„κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
"He's a born surgeon."
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"κ·Έ μ‚¬λžŒ, 정말 νƒ€κ³ λ‚œ μ˜μ‚¬μ•Ό"
02:22
Let me tell you, surgeons are not born.
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κΈ€μŽ„μš”, μ²˜μŒλΆ€ν„° μ˜μ‚¬λ‘œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ€ μ—†μ£ .
02:26
Surgeons are not made either.
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μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
There are no little tanks where we're making surgeons.
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이런 탱크 μ†μ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 거라면 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ’‹κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ
02:33
Surgeons are trained one step at a time.
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹  ν•œ 단계씩 ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›μ•„κ°€λ©° μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ λ˜λŠ”λ°,
02:37
It starts with a foundation, basic skills.
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λ¨Όμ € 기본적 κΈ°μˆ μ„ 읡히고 λ‚˜λ©΄
02:41
We build on that and we take people, hopefully, to the operating room
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그것을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μˆ μ‹€μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€
02:46
where they learn to be an assistant.
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μ‘°μˆ˜κ°€ λ˜μ–΄ 배우게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
Then we teach them to be a surgeon in training.
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κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ λ°›κ²Œ 되고,
02:50
And when they do all of that for about five years,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 5λ…„λ™μ•ˆ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜λ©΄
02:52
they get the coveted board certification.
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그토둝 λ°”λΌλ˜ μ˜μ‚¬ λ©΄ν—ˆλ₯Ό λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:56
If you need surgery, you want to be operated on
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•œλ‹€λ©΄, 이런 κ΅μœ‘μ„ λͺ¨λ‘ 마친
02:58
by a board-certified surgeon.
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κ²€μ¦λœ μ˜μ‚¬μ˜ μˆ˜μˆ λŒ€μ— λˆ•κ³  μ‹Άκ² μ£ .
03:01
You get your board certificate,
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μ˜μ‚¬ λ©΄ν—ˆλ₯Ό λ°›κ³  λ‚˜λ©΄
03:03
and you can go out into practice.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜κ³ 
03:05
And eventually, if you're lucky, you achieve mastery.
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운이 μ’‹λ‹€λ©΄ μ™„μ „νžˆ μˆ™λ‹¬λ  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:10
Now that foundation is so important
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이 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ 기초 λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 정말 μ€‘μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
03:14
that a number of us
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λ―Έκ΅­ λ‚΄ κ°€μž₯ 큰 일반 μ™Έκ³Ό μ˜μ‚¬ ν˜‘νšŒμΈ
03:16
from the largest general surgery society in the United States, SAGES,
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SAGES에 μ†ν•œ 저와 λͺ‡λͺ‡μ€ 1990λ…„λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜λΆ€ν„°
03:19
started in the late 1990s a training program
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ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
03:22
that would assure that every surgeon who practices minimally invasive surgery
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λͺ¨λ“  μ™Έκ³Όμ˜κ°€ μ΅œμ†Œ 침슡 μˆ˜μˆ μ„
03:26
would have a strong foundation of knowledge and skills
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집행할 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ 지식과 κΈ°μˆ μ„
03:31
necessary to go on and do procedures.
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μ² μ €νžˆ 읡힐 수 있게 ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ΄μ£ .
03:34
Now the science behind this is so potent
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이 과정은 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œλ°, κ·Έλž˜μ„œ
03:38
that it became required by the American Board of Surgery
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이 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ λ―Έκ΅­ μ™Έκ³Ό μ „λ¬Έμ˜ 자격 취득을 ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:41
in order for a young surgeon to become board certified.
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ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ μ„ μ •λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
It's not a lecture, it's not a course,
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이건 ν•œ λ²ˆμ— λλ‚˜λŠ” κ°•μ˜λ‚˜ κ³Όλͺ©μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
it's all of that plus a high-stakes assessment.
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κ·Έ 두 가지에 λ”ν•΄μ„œ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 평가도 μ‹œν–‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
It's hard.
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ꡉμž₯히 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
Now just this past year,
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λ°”λ‘œ μž‘λ…„μ—,
03:58
one of our partners, the American College of Surgeons,
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저희 νŒ€μ˜ νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμΈ λ―Έκ΅­ μ™Έκ³Όμ˜ ν•™νšŒ ACSλŠ”
04:01
teamed up with us to make an announcement
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저희와 ν•¨κ»˜ 이런 선언을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
that all surgeons should be FLS (Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery)-certified
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λͺ¨λ“  μ™Έκ³Όμ˜λŠ” μ΅œμ†Œ 침슡 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:06
before they do minimally invasive surgery.
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볡강경 수술의 기본자격(FLS)을 λ”°μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:09
And are we talking about just people here in the U.S. and Canada?
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λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μΊλ‚˜λ‹€μ—λ§Œ ν•΄λ‹Ήλ˜λŠ” μΌμΌκΉŒμš”?
04:12
No, we just said all surgeons.
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μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. λͺ¨λ“  μ˜μ‚¬λΌκ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
So to lift this education and training worldwide
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ꡐ윑과 μ‹€μŠ΅μ„ κ°•ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것은
04:19
is a very large task,
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λ°©λŒ€ν•œ μž‘μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
04:20
something I'm very personally excited about as we travel around the world.
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개인적으둜 μ’€ ν₯미둜운 뢀뢄이라면 전세계λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
04:24
SAGES does surgery all over the world, teaching and educating surgeons.
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SAGESλŠ” κ΅μœ‘μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ „μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ±°λ“ μš”.
04:29
So we have a problem, and one of the problems is distance.
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λ¬Όλ‘  쉽지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ±°λ¦¬μƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
04:33
We can't travel everywhere.
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μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ—λŠ” 갈 수 μ—†λŠ” 곳도 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
04:35
We need to make the world a smaller place.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 세상을 μ’€ 더 μž‘κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:38
And I think that we can develop some tools to do so.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λͺ‡κ°œμ˜ 도ꡬ듀도 κ°œλ°œν•΄λƒˆμ£ .
04:41
And one of the tools I like personally is using video.
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ—μ„œ μ œκ°€ 개인적으둜 μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ˜μƒμ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
So I was inspired by a friend.
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ν•œ μΉœκ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›μ•˜λŠ”λ°,
04:47
This is Allan Okrainec from Toronto.
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토둠토에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” μ•Œλ Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
And he proved
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μ•Œλ Œμ€ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ
04:52
that you could actually teach people to do surgery
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΉ„λ””μ˜€ 회의 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄
04:56
using video conferencing.
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μˆ˜μˆ λ²•μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ³΄μ—¬μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
So here's Allan teaching an English-speaking surgeon in Africa
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λ³΄μ‹œλŠ” ν™”λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ•Œλ Œμ€ 아프리카에 μžˆλŠ”
05:03
these basic fundamental skills
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό ν•  쀄 μ•„λŠ” μ™Έκ³Όμ˜μ—κ²Œ
05:06
necessary to do minimally invasive surgery.
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μ΅œμ†Œ 침슡 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μœ„ν•œ 기본적인 κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:09
Very inspiring.
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μ°Έ μΈμƒμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
But for this examination, which is really hard,
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그런데, 이 μ–΄λ €μš΄ 자격 μ‹œν—˜μ—λŠ”
05:14
we have a problem.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:17
Even people who say they speak English,
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μ˜μ–΄λ₯Ό ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 쑰차도
05:19
only 14 percent pass.
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단 14 νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ˜ μ™Έκ³Όμ˜λ§Œ μ‹œν—˜μ„ ν†΅κ³Όν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것인데,
05:22
Because for them it's not a surgery test,
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ‹œν—˜μ΄ μ™Έκ³Ό 수술 μ‹œν—˜μ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:24
it's an English test.
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μ˜μ–΄ μ‹œν—˜μ΄ λ˜μ–΄ 버리기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
05:28
Let me bring it to you locally.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 곳을 예둜 λ“€μ–΄λ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
05:29
I work at the Cambridge Hospital.
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μ €λŠ” μΊ λΈŒλ¦Ώμ§€ λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:31
It's the primary Harvard Medical School teaching facility.
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ν•˜λ²„λ“œ 의과 λŒ€ν•™μ˜ 기초 ꡐ윑 기관이죠.
05:34
We have more than 100 translators covering 63 languages,
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μ΄κ³³μ—λŠ” 63개ꡭ μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” 100λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” 톡역사가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:40
and we spend millions of dollars just in our little hospital.
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이 μž‘μ€ λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œλ§Œ μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅μ›μ΄ λ“œλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:45
It's a big labor-intensive effort.
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정말 λ§Žμ€ 노동λ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
05:47
If you think about the worldwide burden
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™˜μžμ™€ μ˜μ‚¬κ°„μ— ν•„μš”ν•œ
05:51
of trying to talk to your patients --
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μ˜μ‚¬ μ†Œν†΅μ˜ λΆ„λŸ‰μ— λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ
05:52
not just teaching surgeons, just trying to talk to your patients --
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톡역사가 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ‚˜ λΆ€μ‘±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 것도 μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
05:55
there aren't enough translators in the world.
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단지 ν™˜μžμ™€ μ˜μ‚¬ μ†Œν†΅μ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•¨μΈλ°λ„ 말이죠.
05:58
We need to employ technology to assist us in this quest.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이 λ¬Έμ œμ— κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ μš©ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
At our hospital we see everybody from Harvard professors
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λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•˜λ²„λ“œ λŒ€ν•™ κ΅μˆ˜λΆ€ν„° 이 곳에 온 지 μ–Όλ§ˆ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ‚¬λžŒκΉŒμ§€,
06:07
to people who just got here last week.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
And you have no idea how hard it is
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μ˜μ‚¬ μ†Œν†΅μ΄ λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒκ³Ό
06:12
to talk to somebody or take care of somebody you can't talk to.
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μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜κ³  그듀을 λŒλ³΄λŠ” 일이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ–΄λ €μš΄μ§€ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:15
And there isn't always a translator available.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 톡역사λ₯Ό λΆ€λ₯΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•  λ•Œλ„ 많죠.
06:18
So we need tools.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 우린 도ꡬ가 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
06:22
We need a universal translator.
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세계 λ²”μš©μ˜ 톡역기가 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
One of the things that I want to leave you with as you think about this talk
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μ œκ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬κ³  싢은 것 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”,
06:30
is that this talk is not just about us preaching to the world.
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μ œκ°€ 일방적으둜 μ„€κ΅λ‚˜ ν•˜λ €λŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌλŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:36
It's really about setting up a dialogue.
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κ·Έλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ •λ§λ‘œ λŒ€ν™”λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•˜μžλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
We have a lot to learn.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 배울 것이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
Here in the United States we spend more money per person
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μ—¬κΈ° λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀보닀 λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
06:45
for outcomes that are not better than many countries in the world.
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ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ‹Ή 더 λ§Žμ€ μžλ³Έμ„ μ†Œλͺ¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:49
Maybe we have something to learn as well.
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λ„ 배울 것이 μžˆμ„ 것 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
So I'm passionate about teaching these FLS skills all over the world.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ €λŠ” 전세계에 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 볡강경 수술의 κΈ°λ³Έ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” 데 λ…Έλ ₯을 쏟고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
This past year I've been in Latin America, I've been in China,
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μ§€λ‚œ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ‚¨λ―Έμ—μ„œ, μ€‘κ΅­μ—μ„œ
07:00
talking about the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery.
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볡강경 수술의 기본에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 이야기 ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
And everywhere I go the barrier is:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό 가더라도 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
"We want this, but we need it in our language."
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"배우고 μ‹Άμ§€λ§Œ, 우리말둜 λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•„ νž˜λ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€."
07:12
So here's what we think we want to do:
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
Imagine giving a lecture
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ
07:17
and being able to talk to people in their own native language simultaneously.
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λ™μ‹œμ— λ‚΄μš©μ„ 전달할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ°•μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”.
07:22
I want to talk to the people in Asia, Latin America, Africa, Europe
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μ €λŠ” μ•„μ‹œμ•„, 남미, 아프리카, 유럽의 λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
07:28
seamlessly, accurately
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μ™„λ²½ν•˜κ³  μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ
07:33
and in a cost-effective fashion using technology.
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κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 경제적인 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ†Œν†΅ν•˜κ³  μ‹ΆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:37
And it has to be bi-directional.
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λ¬Όλ‘  μƒν˜Έ μ†Œν†΅λ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
They have to be able to teach us something as well.
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κ·Έλž˜μ•Ό 그듀도 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ 무언가λ₯Ό κ°€λ₯΄μ³ 쀄 수 μžˆμ„ ν…Œλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:41
It's a big task.
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λ°©λŒ€ν•œ μž‘μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
So we looked for a universal translator; I thought there would be one out there.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ”˜κ°€μ— ν•˜λ‚˜μ―€ μžˆμ„ λ²•ν•œ 세계 λ²”μš©μ˜ 톡역기λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ•„ ν—€λ§€μ—ˆμ£ .
07:46
Your webpage has translation, your cellphone has translation,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜λŠ” 인터넷 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλ‚˜, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ ν•Έλ“œν°λ„ λ²ˆμ—­μ„ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
07:50
but nothing that's good enough to teach surgery.
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κ·Έ μ–΄λŠ 것도 μ™Έκ³Ό μˆ˜μˆ μ„ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:55
Because we need a lexicon. What is a lexicon?
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ ‰μ‹œμ½˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ . λ ‰μ‹œμ½˜μ΄ λ­λƒκ΅¬μš”?
07:57
A lexicon is a body of words that describes a domain.
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λ ‰μ‹œμ½˜μ€ ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” λ‹¨μ–΄λ“€μ˜ μ§‘ν•©μ²΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:01
I need to have a health care lexicon.
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μ €λŠ” 의료 λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ λ ‰μ‹œμ½˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜μ£ .
08:04
And in that I need a surgery lexicon.
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그리고 κ·Έ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ μˆ˜μˆ μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ ‰μ‹œμ½˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:08
That's a tall order. We have to work at it.
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λ¬΄λ¦¬ν•œ λͺ©ν‘œμΌμˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ ν•΄λ‚΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
So let me show you what we're doing.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 무슨 일을 ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
08:14
This is research -- can't buy it.
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저희가 진행쀑인 μ—°κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. λˆμœΌλ‘œλ„ μ‚΄ 수 μ—†λŠ” 것듀이죠.
08:16
We're working with the folks at IBM Research from the Accessibility Center
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μ ‘κ·Όμ„± 연ꡬ 센터에 μžˆλŠ” IBM μ—°κ΅¬μ†Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό
08:20
to string together technologies to work towards the universal translator.
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기술 ν•©μž‘μ„ 톡해 세계 λ²”μš© 톡역기λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
It starts with a framework system
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이 ν†΅μ—­κΈ°λŠ” μΊ‘μ…˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
08:27
where when the surgeon delivers the lecture
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μ–Έμ œ μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ μ™Έκ³Όμ˜κ°€ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό ν•  λ•Œ
08:30
using a framework of captioning technology,
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μžλ§‰μ„ μ „λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” ν”„λ ˆμž„ μ›Œν¬ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ„ 기반으둜 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
we then add another technology to do video conferencing.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 여기에닀가 화상 회의 κΈ°μˆ μ„ μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ˜€μ£ .
08:38
But we don't have the words yet, so we add a third technology.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 아직 여기에 μ‚¬μš©ν•  단어듀이 μ—†μ–΄μ„œ μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έ κΈ°μˆ μ„ λ„μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:41
And now we've got the words,
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이제 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ 단어듀이 μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆ,
08:44
and we can apply the special sauce: the translation.
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여기에 νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ–‘λ…λ§Œ λ”ν•˜λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ°”λ‘œ 톡역이죠.
08:48
We get the words up in a window and then apply the magic.
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창에 단어가 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ³  λ§ˆμˆ κ³Όλ„ 같은 일이 λ²Œμ–΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
We work with a fourth technology.
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이 것이 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ„€λ²ˆμ§Έ κΈ°μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
And we currently have access to eleven language pairs.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λŠ” 11개의 언어에 μ μš©ν•΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:59
More to come as we think about trying to make the world a smaller place.
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세계λ₯Ό 더 κ°€κΉκ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 더 λ§Žμ€ 언어듀이 ν•„μš”ν•˜κ² μ£ .
09:04
And I'd like to show you our prototype
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ‹œμ œν’ˆμ„ λ³΄μ—¬λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ‹Άμ€λ°μš”.
09:06
of stringing all of these technologies that don't necessarily always talk to each other
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이 것은 μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° λͺ¨λ“  κΈ°μˆ μ„ ν•œλ° λͺ¨μ•„
09:11
to become something useful.
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λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ 얼꡴을 λ§žλŒ€λ©° 말할 ν•„μš”κ°€ 없도둝 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:15
Narrator: Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery.
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λ‚΄λ ˆμ΄ν„°: 볡강경 수술의 κΈ°λ³Έ.
09:19
Module five: manual skills practice.
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λͺ¨λ“ˆ 5: μ†κΈ°μˆ  μ—°μŠ΅.
09:22
Students may display captions in their native language.
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학생듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ μžλ§‰μ„ 보게 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:29
Steven Schwaitzberg: If you're in Latin America,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 남미에 있으면
09:31
you click the "I want it in Spanish" button
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"μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ–΄ λ²ˆμ—­" λ²„νŠΌμ„ λˆ„λ₯΄λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
and out it comes in real time in Spanish.
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그러면 μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ μŠ€νŽ˜μΈμ–΄ μžλ§‰μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ£ .
09:37
But if you happen to be sitting in Beijing at the same time,
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λ§Œμ•½μ— μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λ² μ΄μ§•μ—μ„œ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό λ“£κ³  μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
09:40
by using technology in a constructive fashion,
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이 μœ μš©ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
09:43
you could get it in Mandarin or you could get it in Russian --
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μ€‘κ΅­μ–΄λ‘œ κ°•μ˜λ₯Ό 받을 수 있고 μ›ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ–΄λ„,
09:46
on and on and on, simultaneously without the use of human translators.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–΄λ–€ μ–Έμ–΄λ‘œλ„ κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ‹€μ‹œκ°„μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 도움없이 말이죠.
09:52
But that's the lectures.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것은 κ°•μ˜μ— μ§€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:54
If you remember what I told you about FLS at the beginning,
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μ œκ°€ FLS에 λŒ€ν•˜μ—¬ 처음 λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° 것을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κ³  계신닀면
09:57
it's knowledge and skills.
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FLSλŠ” 지식 λΏλ§Œμ•„λ‹ˆλΌ κΈ°μˆ μ΄λΌλŠ” 점을 κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ‹€ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:00
The difference in an operation
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μˆ˜μˆ μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
10:02
between doing something successfully and not
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성곡을 νŒκ°€λ¦„ν•˜λŠ” μš”μ†ŒλŠ”
10:07
may be moving your hand this much.
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손을 이 만큼만 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” 것일 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:10
So we're going to take it one step further;
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 쑰금 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜μ£ .
10:12
we've brought my friend Allan back.
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λ‹€μ‹œ μ €μ˜ 친ꡬ μ•Œλ Œμ„ λ³΄μ‹€κΉŒμš”.
10:14
Allan Okrainec: Today we're going to practice suturing.
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μ•Œλ Œ: μ˜€λŠ˜μ€ 봉합 μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•  κ±°μ—μš”.
10:20
This is how you hold the needle.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ°”λŠ˜μ„ μ§‘μœΌμ‹œλ©΄ λ˜λŠ”λ°μš”.
10:22
Grab the needle at the tip.
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λ°”λŠ˜μ˜ 끝을 μ§‘μ–΄μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
10:27
It's important to be accurate.
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μ •ν™•νžˆ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
Aim for the black dots.
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λ‘κ°œμ˜ 검은 점을 μ •ν™•νžˆ μ‘°μ€€ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
10:33
Orient your loop this way.
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맀듭을 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ§€μœΌμ‹œκ³ 
10:37
Now go ahead and cut.
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μ™„μ„±ν•΄μ„œ 자λ₯΄λ©΄ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:41
Very good Oscar. I'll see you next week.
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μž˜ν–ˆμ–΄μš” 였슀카. λ‹€μŒμ£Όμ— λ΄μš”.
10:45
SS: So that's what we're working on
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이것이 λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
10:48
in our quest for the universal translator.
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세계 λ²”μš© 톡역기 μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:51
We want it to be bi-directional.
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μƒν˜Έ μ†Œν†΅μ΄ κ°€λŠ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ² μ£ .
10:53
We have a need to learn as well as to teach.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ°€λ₯΄μ³μ•Ό ν•  뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ°°μ›Œμ•Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
10:57
I can think of a million uses for a tool like this.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κΈ°μˆ μ€ μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‘μš©ν• μˆ˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:01
As we think about intersecting technologies --
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ„ ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
11:04
everybody has a cell phone with a camera --
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 카메라가 λ‚΄μž₯된 νœ΄λŒ€ν°μ„ 가지고 μžˆλ“―
11:07
we could use this everywhere,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ””μ—μ„œλ‚˜,
11:09
whether it be health care, patient care,
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단지 건강 관리, ν™˜μž 관리 λΏλ§Œμ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
11:11
engineering, law, conferencing, translating videos.
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곡학, 법, 회의, λΉ„λ””μ˜€ λ²ˆμ—­κ°™μ€ μ˜μ—­μ—λ„ μ‚¬μš© ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:15
This is a ubiquitous tool.
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이것은 μœ λΉ„μΏΌν„°μŠ€ λ„κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:18
In order to break down our barriers,
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μ†Œν†΅μ˜ μž₯벽을 λ›°μ–΄λ„˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄,
11:20
we have to learn to talk to people,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ₯Ό λ°°μš°κ±°λ‚˜
11:22
to demand that people work on translation.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 톡역을 ν•΄μ£Όμ–΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
We need it for our everyday life,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일상 μƒν™œμ—μ„œ 이것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€λ©΄,
11:28
in order to make the world a smaller place.
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μ„Έκ³„λŠ” κ°€κΉŒμ›Œμ§ˆ 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
Thank you very much.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:33
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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