Why I train grandmothers to treat depression | Dixon Chibanda

107,145 views ใƒป 2018-03-07

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Caroline Ryu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
On a warm August morning in Harare,
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ํ•˜๋ผ๋ ˆ์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋”ฐ์Šคํ•œ 8์›” ์•„์นจ์—
00:16
Farai,
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24์„ธ์— ๋‘ ์•„์ด์˜ ์—„๋งˆ์ธ
00:18
a 24-year-old mother of two,
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ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๊ฐ€
00:21
walks towards a park bench.
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๊ณต์› ๋ฒค์น˜๋ฅผ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
She looks miserable and dejected.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋น„์ฐธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚™๋‹ดํ•œ ๋“ฏ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Now, on the park bench sits an 82-year-old woman,
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์ด์ œ ๊ณต์› ๋ฒค์น˜์— 82์„ธ์˜ ์—ฌ์ธ์ด ์•‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
better known to the community as Grandmother Jack.
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋กœ ๋” ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:39
Farai hands Grandmother Jack an envelope from the clinic nurse.
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ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋Š” ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Grandmother Jack invites Farai to sit down
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์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋ฅผ ์˜†์— ์•‰ํžˆ๊ณ 
00:50
as she opens the envelope and reads.
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๋ด‰ํˆฌ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด ์ฝ์–ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
There's silence for three minutes or so as she reads.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๋Š” 3๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์นจ๋ฌต์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ณ 
00:58
And after a long pause, Grandmother Jack takes a deep breath,
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์˜ค๋žœ ์นจ๋ฌต ํ›„์— ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์€ ์‹ฌํ˜ธํก์„ ํ•œ ํ›„
01:02
looks at Farai and says,
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ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
01:06
"I'm here for you.
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"๋„ˆ์—๊ฒ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด.
01:10
Would you like to share your story with me?"
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๋„ˆ์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ฒ ๋‹ˆ?"
01:13
Farai begins,
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ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋Š”
01:15
her eyes swelling with tears.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ฐจ์˜ค๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
01:19
She says, "Grandmother Jack,
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ
01:22
I'm HIV-positive.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ ์–‘์„ฑ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋‚˜์™”์–ด์š”.
01:24
I've been living with HIV for the past four years.
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์—์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฐ์ง€ 4๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ ๋˜์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:28
My husband left me a year ago.
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์ œ ๋‚จํŽธ์€ 1๋…„ ์ „์— ์ €๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
01:30
I have two kids
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์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค
01:32
under the age of five.
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๋‘ ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
01:34
I'm unemployed.
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์ „ ์‹ค์—…์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
01:35
I can hardly take care of my children."
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์• ๋“ค์„ ์ž˜ ๋Œ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”."
01:40
Tears are now flowing down her face.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์—์„œ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
01:43
And in response, Grandmother Jack moves closer,
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๋‹ต๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ
01:47
puts her hand on Farai,
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ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด์—๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ์–น์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:49
and says, "Farai, it's OK to cry.
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, "ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด, ์šธ์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„.
01:53
You've been through a lot.
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๋„ˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์–ด.
01:56
Would you like to share more with me?"
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๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์•Œ๋ ค์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด?"
01:59
And Farai continues.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:02
"In the last three weeks,
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"์ง€๋‚œ 3์ฃผ ๋™์•ˆ,
02:04
I have had recurrent thoughts of killing myself,
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ณ„์† ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
02:09
taking my two children with me.
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์ œ ๋‘ ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:12
I can't take it anymore.
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
02:15
The clinic nurse sent me to see you."
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๊ทธ ์ž„์ƒ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”."
02:20
There's an exchange between the two, which lasts about 30 minutes.
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๋‘˜์€ ์•ฝ 30๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
And finally, Grandmother Jack says,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:28
"Farai,
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"ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด
02:30
it seems to me that you have all the symptoms of kufungisisa."
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๋„ˆ์—๊ฒ ์ฟ ํ’๊ธฐ์‹œ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„."
02:37
The word "kufungisisa" opens up a floodgate of tears.
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'์ฟ ํ’๊ธฐ์‹œ์‚ฌ'๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ƒ˜์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
So, kufungisisa is the local equivalent of depression
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์ฟ ํ’๊ธฐ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ๊ณผ
02:48
in my country.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
It literally means
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์ง์—ญํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
02:52
"thinking too much."
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"์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ํ•œ๋‹ค" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
The World Health Organization estimates
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
02:59
that more than 300 million people globally, today, suffer from depression,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 3์–ต๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด, ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
or what in my country we call kufungisisa.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฟ ํ’๊ธฐ์‹œ์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ ์š”.
03:08
And the World Health Organization also tells us
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
03:12
that every 40 seconds,
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40์ดˆ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ
03:15
someone somewhere in the world commits suicide
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ž์‚ด์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
03:19
because they are unhappy,
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
03:21
largely due to depression or kufungisisa.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋˜๋Š” ์ฟ ํ’๊ธฐ์‹œ์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
And most of these deaths are occurring in low- and middle-income countries.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
์ €์†Œ๋“ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
In fact,
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ
03:30
the World Health Organization goes as far as to say
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
03:34
that when you look at the age group between 15 to 29,
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15์‚ด๊ณผ 29์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ
03:38
a leading cause of death now is actually suicide.
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์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž์‚ด์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
But there are wider events that lead to depression
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
and in some cases, suicide,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ž์‚ด
03:49
such as abuse,
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ํ•™๋Œ€
03:51
conflict, violence,
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๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ํญํ–‰
03:53
isolation, loneliness --
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ, ๊ณ ๋… ๋“ฑ
03:56
the list is endless.
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๋ชฉ๋ก์€ ๋์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
But one thing that we do know
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:01
is that depression can be treated and suicides averted.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ž์‚ด๋„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
But the problem is
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
04:07
we just don't have enough psychiatrists or psychologists in the world
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์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:11
to do the job.
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๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
In most low- and middle-income countries, for instance,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๋˜๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋“ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด
04:15
the ratio of psychiatrists to the population
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์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด
04:18
is something like one for every one and a half million people,
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150๋งŒ๋ช… ๋‹น ํ•œ๋ช… ๊ผด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
which literally means that 90 percent of the people
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
04:26
needing mental health services
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ 90%๋Š”
04:28
will not get it.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
In my country,
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์ œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—๋Š”
04:31
there are 12 psychiatrists,
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12๋ช…์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
04:34
and I'm one of them,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
for a population of approximately 14 million.
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1400๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
04:40
Now, let me just put that into context.
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
One evening while I was at home,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ €๋…์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:46
I get a call from the ER,
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ER ๋˜๋Š” ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ
04:48
or the emergency room,
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์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
from a city which is some 200 kilometers away
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ
04:54
from where I live.
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200km๋‚˜ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ์š”.
04:56
And the ER doctor says,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
04:57
"One of your patients,
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"๋‹น์‹ ์ด 4๊ฐœ์›” ์ „์— ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•œ
04:59
someone you treated four months ago,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•œ๋ช…์ด
05:01
has just taken an overdose,
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๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ณต์šฉ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:03
and they are in the ER department.
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์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
Hemodynamically, they seem to be OK,
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ํ˜ˆ์—ญํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€๋งŒ
05:07
but they will need neuropsychiatric evaluation."
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์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ํ•™์  ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
05:11
Now, I obviously can't get into my car in the middle of the night
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ  ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
05:14
and drive 200 kilometers.
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200km๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
So as best as we could,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŒํผ
05:18
over the phone with the ER doctor,
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์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค ์˜์‚ฌ์™€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
05:21
we come up with an assessment.
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ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
We ensure that suicidal observations are in place.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์‚ด์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:29
We ensure that we start reviewing the antidepressants
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๊ทธ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ํ•ญ์šฐ์šธ์ œ๋ฅผ
05:32
that this patient has been taking,
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๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
and we finally conclude
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:37
that as soon as Erica -- that was her name, 26-year-old --
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26์‚ด์˜ ์—๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€
05:40
as soon as Erica is ready to be released from the ER,
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์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ํ‡ด์›ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์ž๋งˆ์ž
05:44
she should come directly to me with her mother,
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๊ณ 
05:47
and I will evaluate
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ
05:49
and establish what can be done.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
And we assumed that that would take about a week.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ ์ฃผ์ผ ์ •๋„ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
A week passes.
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1์ฃผ์ผ์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Three weeks pass.
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3์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
No Erica.
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์—๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
And one day I get a call from Erica's mother,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์—๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆํ•œํ…Œ์„œ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
and she says,
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
06:04
"Erica committed suicide three days ago.
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"์—๋ฆฌ์นด๋Š” 3์ผ ์ „์— ์ž์‚ด์„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:07
She hanged herself from the mango tree
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํ…ƒ๋ฐญ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง๊ณ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—
06:12
in the family garden."
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ชฉ์„ ๋งธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
06:16
Now, almost like a knee-jerk reaction,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๋งˆ์น˜ ์ž๋™๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:19
I couldn't help but ask,
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
"But why didn't you come to Harare, where I live?
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"๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์™œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ผ๋ ˆ๋กœ ์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:25
We had agreed that as soon as you're released from the ER,
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์‘๊ธ‰์‹ค์—์„œ ํ‡ด์›ํ•˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋‚˜์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—
06:28
you will come to me."
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๋™์˜ํ•˜์…จ์ž–์•„์š”."
06:30
Her response was brief.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
"We didn't have the 15 dollars bus fare
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ผ๋ ˆ๋กœ ์˜ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ
06:37
to come to Harare."
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15๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”."
06:40
Now, suicide is not an unusual event
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์ž์‚ด์€ ์ •์‹ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
06:44
in the world of mental health.
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๋“œ๋ฌธ ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
But there was something about Erica's death
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์—์„œ
06:49
that struck me at the core of my very being.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜๋„ ๋†€๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
That statement from Erica's mother:
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์—๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ์—„๋งˆ์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์ด
06:57
"We didn't have 15 dollars bus fare to come to you,"
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๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” 15๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
07:03
made me realize
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:05
that it just wasn't going to work,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:07
me expecting people to come to me.
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ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
07:10
And I got into this state of soul-searching,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— ์ €๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
trying to really discover my role
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜
07:18
as a psychiatrist in Africa.
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์—ญํ• ์„ ์ฐพ์„๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:21
And after considerable consultation and soul-searching,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์ƒ๋‹ด๊ณผ ํƒ๊ตฌ,
07:25
talking to colleagues, friends and family,
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๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ
07:28
it suddenly dawned on me
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๋ฌธ๋“ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
that actually, one the most reliable resources we have in Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:36
are grandmothers.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
07:39
Yes, grandmothers.
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๋„ค, ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด์š”.
07:41
And I thought,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
07:43
grandmothers are in every community.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
07:46
There are hundreds of them.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋ช…๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
And --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
07:49
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:50
And they don't leave their communities in search of greener pastures.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚˜์„œ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:57
See, the only time they leave
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„
07:59
is when they go to a greener pasture called heaven.
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์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚˜์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฒœ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:02
So I thought, how about training grandmothers
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์„ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
08:06
in evidence-based talk therapy,
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์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
08:09
which they can deliver on a bench?
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๋ฒค์น˜์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€์š”.
๊ท€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ 
08:13
Empower them with the skills to listen,
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08:16
to show empathy,
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๊ณต๊ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก
08:19
all of that rooted in cognitive behavioral therapy;
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
08:22
empower them with the skills to provide behavior activation,
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ํ™œ๋™ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‹ค์–ด์ฃผ๊ณ ,
08:27
activity scheduling;
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ํ™œ๋™ ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋ง
08:28
and support them using digital technology.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
08:33
You know, mobile phone technology.
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์•„์‹œ์ž–์•„์š”, ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ .
08:35
Pretty much everyone in Africa has a mobile phone today.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
So in 2006,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2006๋…„์—
08:40
I started my first group
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์ €๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์˜
08:44
of grandmothers.
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์ฒซ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:49
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:53
Today, there are hundreds of grandmothers
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ช…์˜ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด
08:56
who are working in more than 70 communities.
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70๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์ด์ƒ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
And in the last year alone,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘๋…„์—๋งŒ
09:03
more than 30,000 people received treatment
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3๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์ • ๋ฒค์น˜์—์„œ
09:08
on the Friendship Bench
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์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ์— ์žˆ๋Š”, ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ์†ํ•ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ
09:09
from a grandmother in a community in Zimbabwe.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:21
And recently, we published this work that is done by these grandmothers
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด๋‚ด์‹  ์ด ์ผ๋“ค์„
09:26
in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ํ•™ํ˜‘ํšŒ์ง€์— ์ถœํŒํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
And --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
09:30
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:32
And our results show that six months after receiving treatment
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
09:38
from a grandmother,
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6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋„
09:40
people were still symptom-free:
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
no depression,
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ์—†๊ณ ,
09:44
suicidal ideation completely reduced.
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์ž์‚ด์„ฑ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
In fact, our results -- this was a clinical trial --
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:50
in fact, this clinical trial showed
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ด ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š”
09:52
that grandmothers were more effective at treating depression
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์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค
09:56
than doctors and --
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๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ 
09:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:06
And so,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
10:08
we're now working towards expanding this program.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ™•์žฅ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
There are more than 600 million people currently aged above 65 in the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” 65์„ธ ๋„˜๋Š” 6์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
And by the year 2050,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  2050๋…„์—๋Š”
10:23
there will be 1.5 billion people aged 65 and above.
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65์‚ด์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด 15์–ต๋ช…์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
Imagine if we could create a global network of grandmothers
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์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์—
10:35
in every major city in the world,
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์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ›ˆ๋ จ๋˜๊ณ 
10:39
who are trained in evidence-based talk therapy,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์›๋œ
10:44
supported through digital platforms,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:46
networked.
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๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:48
And they will make a difference in communities.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
They will reduce the treatment gap
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ •์‹ ์ , ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ , ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด
10:55
for mental, neurological and substance-use disorders.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Finally,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ
11:01
this is a file photograph of Grandmother Jack.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
So, Farai had six sessions on the bench with Grandmother Jack.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋Š” ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ๋ฒค์น˜์—์„œ 6๋ฒˆ์˜ ๋งŒ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
Today, Farai is employed.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ , ํŒŒ๋ผ์ด๋Š” ์ทจ์ง์„ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
She has her two children at school.
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2๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๋“ค์€ ํ•™๊ต์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And as for Grandmother Jack,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š”
11:20
one morning in February, we expected her to see her 257th client on the bench.
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2์›”์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์•„์นจ์— 257๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:28
She didn't show up.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
She had gone to a greener pasture called heaven.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ฒœ๊ตญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
But I believe that Grandmother Jack,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์žญ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€
11:37
from up there,
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์ € ์œ„์—์„œ
11:39
she's cheering on all the other grandmothers --
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š”
11:42
the increasing number of grandmothers who are making a difference
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์ ์  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋“ค์„
11:46
in the lives of thousands of people.
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์œ„๋กœํ•ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And I'm sure she's in awe
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€
11:52
when she realizes that something that she helped to pioneer
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฐœ์ฒ™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด
11:57
is now spreading to other countries,
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๋ง๋ผ์œ„
12:00
like Malawi,
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์ž”์ง€๋ฐ”๋ฅด ์„ฌ ๋“ฑ
12:01
the island of Zanzibar
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ํผ์ณ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
12:02
and coming closer to home here in the Unites States
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋‰ด์š•์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ 
12:06
in the city of New York.
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๊ฒฝ์™ธ์‹ฌ์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ์ด ํ‰ํ™”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ž ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
May her soul rest in peace.
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12:12
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
(Applause)
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(ํ™˜ํ˜ธ)
12:16
(Cheering)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:18
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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