Could we speak the language of dolphins? | Denise Herzing

516,654 views ใƒป 2013-06-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Sieun Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : KwangMin Lee
00:12
Well, now we're going to the Bahamas to meet
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์ž, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
a remarkable group of dolphins that I've been working with
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 28๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ
00:17
in the wild for the last 28 years.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ์š”.
00:20
Now I'm interested in dolphins because of their large brains
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํฐ ๋‘๋‡Œ์™€
00:23
and what they might be doing with all that brainpower
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๋†’์€ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์•ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ• ๊นŒ
00:25
in the wild.
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ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
And we know they use some of that brainpower
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
00:29
for just living complicated lives,
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๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ
00:31
but what do we really know about dolphin intelligence?
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ • ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
00:34
Well, we know a few things.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:36
We know that their brain-to-body ratio,
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๋ชธ ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋‡Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋น„์œจ์€
00:38
which is a physical measure of intelligence,
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์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”๋ฐ,
00:40
is second only to humans.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
Cognitively, they can understand
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์ธ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š”
00:44
artificially-created languages.
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์ธ๊ณต ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:46
And they pass self-awareness tests in mirrors.
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๊ฑฐ์šธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ธ์‹ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
And in some parts of the world, they use tools,
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์–ด๋–ค ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
like sponges to hunt fish.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก๋Š”๋ฐ ์ŠคํŽ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
00:54
But there's one big question left:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํฐ ์˜๋ฌธ์ ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
do they have a language, and if so,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
00:59
what are they talking about?
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๋ฌด์Šจ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
01:01
So decades ago, not years ago,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ์ „, ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ €๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€
01:04
I set out to find a place in the world
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์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ
01:07
where I could observe dolphins underwater
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์ฐพ์œผ๋Ÿฌ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
to try to crack the code of their communication system.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ†ต ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์ง€์š”.
01:12
Now in most parts of the world, the water's pretty murky,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ํƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
01:14
so it's very hard to observe animals underwater,
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
but I found a community of dolphins that live
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋™์ชฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
01:19
in these beautiful, clear, shallow sandbanks of the Bahamas
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๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–•์€ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ํ†ฑ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
01:22
which are just east of Florida.
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ํ•œ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
And they spend their daytime resting and socializing
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๋‚ฎ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์„œ๋กœ ๊ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉฐ
01:27
in the safety of the shallows, but at night,
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์–•์€ ๋ฌผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋‹์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐค์—๋Š”
01:29
they go off the edge and hunt in deep water.
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๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋– ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
Now, it's not a bad place to be a researcher, either.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๋‚˜์˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”.
01:36
So we go out for about five months every summer
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งคํ•ด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์•ฝ 5๊ฐœ์›”์„
01:39
in a 20-meter catamaran, and we live, sleep and work
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20 ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ์Œ๋™์„ ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ž๊ณ  ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
at sea for weeks at a time.
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๋งค๋ฒˆ ๋ช‡์ฃผ์”ฉ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:45
My main tool is an underwater video with a hydrophone,
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์ €์˜ ์ฃผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค‘์ฒญ์Œ๊ธฐ์™€ ์ˆ˜์ค‘๋น„๋””์˜ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
01:47
which is an underwater microphone, and this is so
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์ˆ˜์ค‘์ฒญ์Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์†์˜ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ,
01:49
I can correlate sound and behavior.
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ง€์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
And most of our work's pretty non-invasive.
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์ €ํฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋น„์นจ์ž…์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
We try to follow dolphin etiquette while we're in the water,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
01:56
since we're actually observing them physically in the water.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ ˆ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Now, Atlantic spotted dolphins are a really nice species
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๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์•Œ๋ฝ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ฐธ ์ข‹์€ ์ข…์ธ๋ฐ
02:02
to work with for a couple of reasons.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—” ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:04
They're born without spots, and they get spots with age,
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์ด ์ข…์€ ์ ๋ฐ• ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
and they go through pretty distinct developmental phases,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:10
so that's fun to track their behavior.
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ํ–‰๋™์˜ ์ถ”์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:12
And by about the age of 15, they're fully spotted black and white.
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15์‚ด ์ฏค์—๋Š” ํ‘๋ฐฑ์˜ ์ ๋ฐ• ๋ฌด๋Šฌ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Now the mother you see here is Mugsy.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์† ์—„๋งˆ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ๋จน์‹œ์ธ๋ฐ
02:18
She's 35 years old in this shot,
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๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋‹น์‹œ์˜ ๋‚˜์ด๋Š” 35์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
but dolphins can actually live into their early 50s.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 50์„ธ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
02:23
And like all the dolphins in our community,
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์ด ๊ตฐ์ง‘์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
02:26
we photographed Mugsy and tracked her little spots
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋จน์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”๋™์•ˆ
02:29
and nicks in her dorsal fin,
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์ ๋ฐ˜๊ณผ ๋“ฑ ์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ์˜ ๋ฒค ์ž๊ตญ,
02:31
and also the unique spot patterns
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๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ ๋ฐ˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„
02:33
as she matured over time.
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๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถ”์ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Now, young dolphins learn a lot as they're growing up,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
and they use their teenage years to practice social skills,
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์‹ญ๋Œ€๋•Œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๊ณ 
02:41
and at about the age of nine, the females
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์•”์ปท์€ ์•ฝ 9์„ธ์ฏค์—
02:44
become sexually mature, so they can get pregnant,
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์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋งˆ์น˜๊ณ  ์ž„์‹ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ
02:46
and the males mature quite a bit later,
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์ˆ˜์ปท์€ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฝค ๋Šฆ์€
02:48
at around 15 years of age.
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์•ฝ 15์„ธ์ฏค์—์•ผ ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
And dolphins are very promiscuous,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ต๋ฏธํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
02:52
and so we have to determine who the fathers are,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋น ์ธ์ง€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
so we do paternity tests by collecting fecal material
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๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์€ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์—์„œ DNA๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด
02:57
out of the water and extracting DNA.
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์นœ์ž ํ™•์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
03:00
So what that means is, after 28 years,
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๊ทธ ๋ง์€, 28๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ์ง€๊ธˆ,
03:03
we are tracking three generations,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์ผ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ 3๋Œ€์งธ ์ถ”์ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
including grandmothers and grandfathers.
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ, ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ์š”.
03:08
Now, dolphins are natural acousticians.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์Œํ–ฅ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
They make sounds 10 times as high
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค 10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:12
and hear sounds 10 times as high as we do.
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10๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋†’์€ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
But they have other communication signals they use.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œํ†ต ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋„ ์”๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
They have good vision, so they use body postures to communicate.
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์‹œ๋ ฅ์ด ์ข‹๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ชธ์˜ ์ž์„ธ๋กœ๋„ ์†Œํ†ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:21
They have taste, not smell.
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ํ›„๊ฐ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:23
And they have touch.
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์ด‰๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
03:25
And sound can actually be felt in the water,
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๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
because the acoustic impedance of tissue and water's about the same.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์„ธํฌ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์Œํ–ฅ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
03:30
So dolphins can buzz and tickle each other at a distance.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ๋„ ์„œ๋กœ ์ง„๋™์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ„์ง€๋Ÿผ์„ ํƒœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
Now, we do know some things about how sounds are used
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๋ฐฉ์‹์—์„œ
03:36
with certain behaviors.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
Now, the signature whistle is a whistle
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๊ณ ์œ  ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์€
03:40
that's specific to an individual dolphin, and it's like a name. (Dolphin whistling noises)
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
03:44
And this is the best-studied sound,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์šด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ผ
03:47
because it's easy to measure, really,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
and you'd find this whistle when mothers and calves
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์—„๋งˆ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ์•„๊ธฐ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๋•Œ
03:50
are reuniting, for example.
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์ด ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
Another well studied sound are echolocation clicks.
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๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์œ„์น˜์ธก์ •์šฉ ๋”ธ๊น๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
This is the dolphin's sonar. (Dolphin echolocation noises)
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋‚˜์ง€์š”. (๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๋ฐ˜ํ–ฅ์œ„์น˜์ธก์ • ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
03:59
And they use these clicks to hunt and feed.
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์ด ๋”ธ๊น๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์„ญ์ทจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
But they can also tightly pack these clicks together
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋”ธ๊น๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„๋™์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
04:04
into buzzes and use them socially.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๊ต์—๋„ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
For example, males will stimulate a female
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์ˆ˜์ปท์ด ๊ตฌ์•  ์ค‘
04:08
during a courtship chase.
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์•”์ปท์„ ํฅ๋ถ„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
04:11
You know, I've been buzzed in the water.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ €๋„ ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ์ง„๋™์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:15
Don't tell anyone. It's a secret.
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์•„๋ฌดํ•œํ…Œ๋„ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”. ๋น„๋ฐ€์ด์—์š”.
04:18
And you can really feel the sound. That was my point with that.
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์ •๋ง ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด‰๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—์š”.
04:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:24
So dolphins are also political animals,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ์„œ
04:26
so they have to resolve conflicts.
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๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
(Dolphin noises)
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(๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
04:30
And they use these burst-pulsed sounds as well as
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์‹ธ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š”๋“ฏํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€
04:32
their head-to-head behaviors when they're fighting.
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๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋งž๋Œ€๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
And these are very unstudied sounds
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ธก์ •์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:37
because they're hard to measure.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Now this is some video of a typical dolphin fight.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์‹ธ์›€ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
(Dolphin noises)
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(๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
04:44
So you're going to see two groups,
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๋‘ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
04:46
and you're going to see the head-to-head posturing,
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์„œ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งž๋Œ€๋Š” ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ
04:48
some open mouths,
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๋ฒŒ๋ ค์ง„ ์ž…์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:51
lots of squawking.
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๊ฝฅ๊ฝฅ๋Œ€๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
There's a bubble.
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๋ฌผ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ๋„ ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
04:57
And basically, one of these groups will kind of back off
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•œ์ชฝ์ด ํ›„ํ‡ดํ•˜๊ณ 
05:00
and everything will resolve fine,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‹ธ์›€์ด ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
and it doesn't really escalate into violence too much.
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๊ทธ๋‹ฅ ๋‚œํญํ•ด์ง€์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€์š”.
05:05
Now, in the Bahamas, we also have resident bottlenose
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณณ์—๋Š” ํฐ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋„ ์ƒ์ฃผํ•ด์„œ
05:07
that interact socially with the spotted dolphins.
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์•Œ๋ฝ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
For example, they babysit each other's calves.
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์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์ง€์ผœ์ฃผ๊ณ 
05:13
The males have dominance displays that they use
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์ˆ˜์ปท๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์•”์ปท์„ ์ซ’์œผ๋ฉฐ
05:15
when they're chasing each other's females.
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์ง€๋ฐฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
And the two species actually form temporary alliances
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ซ’์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
05:20
when they're chasing sharks away.
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์ด ๋‘ ์ข…์ด ์ผ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋™๋งน์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
05:22
And one of the mechanisms they use to communicate
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ๋™์„ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
05:25
their coordination is synchrony.
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๋™์กฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
They synchronize their sounds and their body postures
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋ชธ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ
05:30
to look bigger and sound stronger.
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๋” ์ปค๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
(Dolphins noises)
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(๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
05:34
Now, these are bottlenose dolphins,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ํฐ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์ธ๋ฐ,
05:37
and you'll see them starting to synchronize
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์„œ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
05:38
their behavior and their sounds.
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๋งž์ถ”๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
05:40
(Dolphin noises)
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(๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
05:45
You see, they're synchronizing with their partner
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:47
as well as the other dyad.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์Œ๋“ค๊ณผ๋„ ๋™์กฐ ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
I wish I was that coordinated.
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์ €๋„ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชธ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
05:56
Now, it's important to remember that you're only hearing
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
05:59
the human-audible parts of dolphin sounds,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜์—ญ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
and dolphins make ultrasonic sounds,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
06:03
and we use special equipment in the water
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์ด ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:05
to collect these sounds.
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Now, researchers have actually measured whistle complexity
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์„
06:09
using information theory,
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์ •๋ณด ์ด๋ก ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
and whistles rate very high relative to even human languages.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์–ธ์–ด์— ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
But burst-pulsed sounds is a bit of a mystery.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š”๋“ฏํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
Now, these are three spectragrams.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ŠคํŽ™ํŠธ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Two are human words, and one is a dolphin vocalizing.
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์ด ์ค‘ ๋‘˜์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ง์ด๊ณ , ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
So just take a guess in your mind which one is the dolphin.
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฐ์ง€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งž์ถฐ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:31
Now, it turns out burst-pulsed sounds actually look
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š”๋“ฏํ•œ ํŒŒ๋™ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
06:33
a bit like human phonemes.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Œ์†Œ์™€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
Now, one way to crack the code
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์ด ์•”ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:37
is to interpret these signals and figure out what they mean,
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์ด ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
but it's a difficult job, and we actually don't have a Rosetta Stone yet.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž‘์—…์ด๊ณ , ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์–ธ์–ด์šฉ ๋กœ์ œํƒ€์„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:44
But a second way to crack the code
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•”ํ˜ธ ํ•ด๋…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
06:46
is to develop some technology,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ƒํ˜ธ ์†Œํ†ต์„
06:48
an interface to do two-way communication,
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ‘์ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
and that's what we've been trying to do in the Bahamas
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์—์„œ ํ•ด ์˜จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
and in real time.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์†Œํ†ต์ด์š”.
06:55
Now, scientists have used keyboard interfaces
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€์ข… ์‚ฌ์ด ์†Œํ†ต์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:57
to try to bridge the gap with species
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ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์จ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
including chimpanzees and dolphins.
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์นจํŒฌ์ง€์™€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ง€์š”.
07:01
This underwater keyboard in Orlando, Florida,
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ํ”Œ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์ฃผ ์˜ฌ๋žœ๋„์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
07:04
at the Epcot Center, was actually
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์—ก์ฝง ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ์„ค์น˜๋œ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋Š”
07:06
the most sophisticated ever two-way interface designed
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ
07:09
for humans and dolphins to work together under the water
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์„œ๋กœ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
07:12
and exchange information.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์†Œํ†ต ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
So we wanted to develop an interface like this
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋ฅผ
07:16
in the Bahamas, but in a more natural setting.
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๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ์˜ ์ข€ ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:19
And one of the reasons we thought we could do this
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
07:21
is because the dolphins were starting to show us
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
07:23
a lot of mutual curiosity.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—์š”.
07:25
They were spontaneously mimicking our vocalizations
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜
07:28
and our postures, and they were also inviting us
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์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋†€์ด์—
07:30
into dolphin games.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
Now, dolphins are social mammals, so they love to play,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
07:35
and one of their favorite games is to drag seaweed,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ, ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์ด๋ž€ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ
07:38
or sargassum in this case, around.
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๋Œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋†€์ด์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
07:42
And they're very adept. They like to drag it
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์„œ
07:44
and drop it from appendage to appendage.
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์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชธ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋‹ค ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ ธ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
07:48
Now in this footage, the adult is Caroh.
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์ด ์˜์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์นด๋กœ๋ผ๋Š” 25์‚ด์˜
07:51
She's 25 years old here, and this is her newborn, Cobalt,
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์–ด๋ฅธ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์™€, ์นด๋กœ์˜ ์•„๊ธฐ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์ธ ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
and he's just learning how to play this game.
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์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ์ด ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
07:57
(Dolphin noises)
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(๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
07:59
She's kind of teasing him and taunting him.
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์นด๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋†€๋ฆฌ๋“ฏ ์žฅ๋‚œ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
08:03
He really wants that sargassum.
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์ฝ”๋ฐœํŠธ๋Š” ์ € ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
08:08
Now, when dolphins solicit humans for this game,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ์ด ๋†€์ด์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•  ๋•Œ,
08:11
they'll often sink vertically in the water,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ
08:14
and they'll have a little sargassum on their flipper,
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์ง€๋Š๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ์— ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๊ฑธ์น˜๊ณ 
08:16
and they'll sort of nudge it and drop it sometimes
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์„ ์‚ด์‚ด ๋ฐ€์–ด ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์„œ
08:19
on the bottom and let us go get it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
and then we'll have a little seaweed keep away game.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ํŒจ์Šคํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
But when we don't dive down and get it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
08:24
they'll bring it to the surface
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์›Œ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™€์„œ
08:26
and they'll sort of wave it in front of us on their tail
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๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ์— ์–น๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ž์—์„œ ํ”๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
08:30
and drop it for us like they do their calves,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ ค ์ฃผ์ง€์š”.
08:32
and then we'll pick it up and have a game.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•ด์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ค๊ณ , ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋†€์ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:34
And so we started thinking, well, wouldn't it be neat
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด
08:36
to build some technology that would allow the dolphins
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์ž๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
08:39
to request these things in real time, their favorite toys?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ? ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
So the original vision was to have a keyboard
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๋งจ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:45
hanging from the boat attached to a computer,
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๋ฐฐ ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋งค๋‹ฌ์•„
08:47
and the divers and dolphins would activate the keys
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ํ‚คํŒจ๋“œ์˜
08:49
on the keypad and happily exchange information
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ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ ์„œ๋กœ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:52
and request toys from each other.
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
But we quickly found out that dolphins simply
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด
08:56
were not going to hang around the boat using a keyboard.
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์–Œ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:59
They've got better things to do in the wild.
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์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ํ•  ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ž–์•„์š”.
09:02
They might do it in captivity, but in the wild --
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์‚ฌ์œก ์ค‘์ธ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์•ผ์ƒ์˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:04
So we built a portable keyboard that we could push through the water,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€์šฉ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•ด
09:06
and we labeled four objects they like to play with,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€์ด ๋„๊ตฌ 4๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
the scarf, rope, sargassum, and also had a bow ride,
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์Šค์นดํ”„, ๋ฐง์ค„, ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฑƒ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์ธ๋ฐ
09:12
which is a fun activity for a dolphin. (Whistle)
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๋ฑƒ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์—๊ฒ ์žฌ๋ฐŒ๋Š” ๋†€์ด์—์š”. (ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ)
09:14
And that's the scarf whistle,
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์ € ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์ด ์Šค์นดํ”„ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ ,
09:16
which is also associated with a visual symbol.
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ชจ์–‘๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
And these are artificially created whistles.
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์ด ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ
09:21
They're outside the dolphin's normal repertoire,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ํ‰์†Œ ๋‚ด๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ๋„
09:24
but they're easily mimicked by the dolphins.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And I spent four years with my colleagues Adam Pack and Fabienne Delfour,
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์ €๋Š” 4๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์•„๋‹ด ํŒฉ๊ณผ ํŒŒ๋น„์•ˆ ๋ธํฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
09:31
working out in the field with this keyboard
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ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
using it with each other to do requests for toys
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ
09:35
while the dolphins were watching.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ด ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€์š”.
09:37
And the dolphins could get in on the game.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค๋„ ์ด ๋†€์ด์— ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
09:38
They could point at the visual object,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ๋ชจ์–‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅดํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:40
or they could mimic the whistle.
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ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
Now this is video of a session.
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์ž, ์ด ์‹คํ—˜ ๋น„๋””์˜ค์—์„œ๋Š”
09:46
The diver here has a rope toy,
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๋ฐง์ค„ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
09:48
and I'm on the keyboard on the left,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
09:51
and I've just played the rope key,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐง์ค„ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
09:53
and that's the request for the toy from the human.
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
So I've got the rope, I'm diving down,
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๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์ €๋Š” ์ž ์ˆ˜ํ•ด์„œ
10:00
and I'm basically trying to get the dolphin's attention,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
because they're kind of like little kids.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์•„์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ
10:03
You have to keep their attention.
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์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ™๋“ค์–ด ๋†”์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:06
I'm going to drop the rope, see if they come over.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์˜ค๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ,
10:11
Here they come,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์˜ค๋„ค์š”.
10:13
and then they're going to pick up the rope
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ์ฃผ์›Œ์„œ
10:15
and drag it around as a toy.
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์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
Now, I'm at the keyboard on the left,
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์ž, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์™ผ์ชฝ์—์„œ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:18
and this is actually the first time that we tried this.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹น์‹œ ์ฒ˜์Œ ํ•ด๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๋„์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ,
10:20
I'm going to try to request this toy, the rope toy,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐง์ค„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ
10:23
from the dolphins using the rope sound.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Let's see if they might actually understand what that means.
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
10:31
(Whistle)
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(ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ)
10:32
That's the rope whistle.
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๋ฐง์ค„ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Up come the dolphins,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค์ฃ ,
10:36
and drop off the rope, yay. Wow.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ์•ผํ˜ธ, ์šฐ์™€.
10:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:43
So this is only once.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋กœ๋Š”
10:45
We don't know for sure if they really understand the function of the whistles.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์‹ค์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Okay, so here's a second toy in the water.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
This is a scarf toy, and I'm trying to lead the dolphin
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์ด๊ฑด ์Šค์นดํ”„ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ธ๋ฐ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ
10:52
over to the keyboard to show her
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ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ธํ•ด
10:54
the visual and the acoustic signal.
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์Šค์นดํ”„์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ์ฒญ๊ฐ์  ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
Now this dolphin, we call her "the scarf thief,"
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์ด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "์Šค์นดํ”„ ๋„๋‘‘" ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์š”.
11:00
because over the years she's absconded
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€
11:04
with about 12 scarves.
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12์žฅ์˜ ์Šค์นดํ”„๋ฅผ ํƒˆ์ทจํ•ด ๊ฐ”๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
11:07
In fact, we think she has a boutique somewhere in the Bahamas.
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๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋งˆ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ‹ฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋ ธ๋‚˜๋ด์š”.
11:10
So I'm reaching over. She's got the scarf on her right side.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŒ”์„ ๋ป—๊ณ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ์Šค์นดํ”„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์— ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And we try to not touch the animals too much,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์  ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:16
we really don't want to over-habituate them.
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธธ๋“ค์ด๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:18
And I'm trying to lead her back to the keyboard.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋กœ ์œ ์ธํ•˜๊ณ 
11:20
And the diver there is going to activate the scarf sound
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์Šค์นดํ”„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ž‘๋™์‹œ์ผœ์„œ
11:24
to request the scarf.
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์Šค์นดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
So I try to give her the scarf.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์นดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
11:29
Whoop. Almost lost it.
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์ €๋Ÿฐ. ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋บ๊ธธ ๋ป”ํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:32
But this is the moment where everything becomes possible.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
The dolphin's at the keyboard.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:36
You've got full attention.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:38
And this sometimes went on for hours.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ช‡์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์š”.
11:40
And I wanted to share this video with you
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์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
11:41
not to show you any big breakthroughs,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ŒํŒŒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
because they haven't happened yet,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์•„์ง ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:44
but to show you the level of intention and focus
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€,
11:47
that these dolphins have, and interest in the system.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•จ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
And because of this, we really decided we needed
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์ด๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:52
some more sophisticated technology.
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์ข€๋” ์ •๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
So we joined forces with Georgia Tech,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์กฐ์ง€์•„๊ณต๋Œ€์˜
11:56
with Thad Starner's wearable computing group,
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ํƒœ๋“œ ์Šคํƒ€๋„ˆ์˜ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€๊ณผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ
11:59
to build us an underwater wearable computer
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์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ ์ž…์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
that we're calling CHAT. [CHAT: Cetacean Hearing And Telemetry]
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์ฑ—์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (CHAT: ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์ฑ„์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์›๊ฒฉ์ธก์ •)
12:02
Now, instead of pushing a keyboard through the water,
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ํ‚ค๋ณด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ 
12:04
the diver's wearing the complete system, and it's acoustic only,
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
so basically the diver activates the sounds on a keypad
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ํŒ” ์•ž์ชฝ์˜ ํ‚คํŒจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
12:11
on the forearm,
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์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉด
12:12
the sounds go out through an underwater speaker,
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์ˆ˜์ค‘ ์Šคํ”ผ์ปค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:14
if a dolphin mimics the whistle
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:16
or a human plays the whistle, the sounds come in
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฉด,
12:18
and are localized by two hydrophones.
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ง‘ํ•ด ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
The computer can localize who requested the toy
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
12:24
if there's a word match.
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ํŠน์ • ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๋‹จ์–ด์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
And the real power of the system is in the real-time
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ง„์งœ ํž˜์€
12:29
sound recognition, so we can respond to the dolphins
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด
12:31
quickly and accurately.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์—๊ฒŒ ์‘๋Œ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:33
And we're at prototype stage, but this is how we hope it will play out.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ง€๋งŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
So Diver A and Diver B both have a wearable computer
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„ A์™€ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„ B๊ฐ€ ์ฐฉ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:40
and the dolphin hears the whistle as a whistle,
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๋ฌผ ์†์—์„œ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ 
12:43
the diver hears the whistle as a whistle in the water,
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ฃ์ง€๋งŒ
12:45
but also as a word through bone conduction.
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๋™์‹œ์— ๊ณจ์ „๋„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋„ ๋“ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
So Diver A plays the scarf whistle
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„ A๊ฐ€ ์Šค์นดํ”„ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
12:50
or Diver B plays the sargassum whistle
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„ B๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ
12:52
to request a toy from whoever has it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
What we hope will happen is that the dolphin mimics the whistle,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ‰๋‚ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
12:58
and if Diver A has the sargassum, if that's the sound
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๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„ A๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:01
that was played and requested,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜ ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์„œ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
13:04
then the diver will give the sargassum to the requesting dolphin
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฑด๋„ค๊ณ 
13:07
and they'll swim away happily into the sunset
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„์–‘์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ํ—ค์—„์ณ๊ฐ€๋ฉฐ
13:09
playing sargassum for forever.
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์–ธ์ œ๊นŒ์ง€๊ณ  ๋ชจ์ž๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์—์š”.
13:12
Now, how far can this kind of communication go?
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์ž, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์†Œํ†ต์ด ์–ด๋””๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:16
Well, CHAT is designed specifically to empower the dolphins
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์ฑ—์€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
13:20
to request things from us.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
13:21
It's designed to really be two-way.
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ ์ธ ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
Now, will they learn to mimic the whistles functionally?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ์ด ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์„œ ์šฉ๋„์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:27
We hope so and we think so.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:29
But as we decode their natural sounds,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:31
we're also planning to put those back into the computerized system.
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์ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐํ™”๋œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ €์žฅํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
For example, right now we can put their own signature whistles
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ  ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„
13:38
in the computer and request to interact with a specific dolphin.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ์ €์žฅํ•ด์„œ,๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ํŠน์ • ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
Likewise, we can create our own whistles,
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜
13:46
our own whistle names, and let the dolphins
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์ด๋ฆ„๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์œ  ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ,
13:48
request specific divers to interact with.
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค์ด ํŠน์ • ๋‹ค์ด๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ณ ์œ  ํœ˜ํŒŒ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:51
Now it may be that all our mobile technology
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐ”์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š”
13:54
will actually be the same technology that helps us
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๊ณผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
13:57
communicate with another species down the road.
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๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:00
In the case of a dolphin, you know, it's a species that,
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๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”
14:04
well, they're probably close to our intelligence in many ways
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๊ณ ,
14:07
and we might not be able to admit that right now,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์ธ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ,
14:10
but they live in quite a different environment,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
14:12
and you still have to bridge the gap with the sensory systems.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
I mean, imagine what it would be like
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—
14:18
to really understand the mind
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์™ธ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
14:19
of another intelligent species on the planet.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์ผ์ง€.
14:23
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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