Ellen Jorgensen: Biohacking -- you can do it, too

186,721 views ใƒป 2013-01-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Catherine YOO ๊ฒ€ํ† : Surie Lee
00:15
It's a great time to be a molecular biologist. (Laughter)
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๋ถ„์ž ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:19
Reading and writing DNA code is getting easier
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DNA๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง€๊ณ 
00:22
and cheaper.
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
By the end of this year, we'll be able to sequence
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์˜ฌํ•ด ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—
00:25
the three million bits of information
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1,000์œ ๋กœ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ
00:27
in your genome in less than a day
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๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” 3์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์˜
00:30
and for less than 1,000 euros.
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๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ˆœ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
Biotech is probably the most powerful
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„
00:35
and the fastest-growing technology sector.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธ‰์†๋„๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„์•ผ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
00:38
It has the power, potentially,
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์€
00:42
to replace our fossil fuels,
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ฒดํ•˜๊ณ 
00:44
to revolutionize medicine,
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์˜ํ•™์„ ํ˜์‹ ํ•˜๊ณ 
00:46
and to touch every aspect of our daily lives.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
So who gets to do it?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
00:54
I think we'd all be pretty comfortable with
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
00:57
this guy doing it.
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๋งŽ์ด ๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
But what about
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
01:02
that guy? (Laughter)
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์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”? (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:06
In 2009, I first heard about DIYbio.
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์ €๋Š” 2009๋…„์— DIYbio๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. *DIY(Do-It-Yourself)bio: ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์ง์ ‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™
01:12
It's a movement that -- it advocates making biotechnology
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DIYbio๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์„ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์†ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž์™€
01:16
accessible to everyone,
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๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค ๋ช‡๋ช‡์˜ ์ „์œ ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:18
not just scientists and people in government labs.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์šด๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
The idea is that if you open up the science
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:25
and you allow diverse groups to participate,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:28
it could really stimulate innovation.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์— ์ข‹์€ ์ž๊ทน์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
Putting technology in the hands of the end user
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์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
is usually a good idea because they've got the best idea
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:36
of what their needs are.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:38
And here's this really sophisticated technology
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์ด๋ผ๋Š”
01:41
coming down the road, all these associated
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋„๋•์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ
01:44
social, moral, ethical questions,
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์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋”” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
01:46
and we scientists are just lousy at explaining to the public
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€
01:50
just exactly what it is we're doing in those labs.
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๋Œ€์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—‰์„ฑํ•  ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
So wouldn't it be nice
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด, ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—
01:56
if there was a place in your local neighborhood
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
01:59
where you could go and learn about this stuff,
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์ง์ ‘ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
02:02
do it hands-on?
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์ •๋ง ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:04
I thought so.
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์ €๋Š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
So, three years ago, I got together
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3๋…„ ์ „, ์ €๋Š”
02:07
with some friends of mine who had similar aspirations
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ชจ์—ฌ
02:11
and we founded Genspace.
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์  ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค(Genspace)๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
It's a nonprofit, a community biotech lab
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์  ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค๋Š” ๋‰ด์š• ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
02:16
in Brooklyn, New York,
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๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ, ์ง€์—ญ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์ด๋ฉฐ
02:18
and the idea was people could come,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™€์„œ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
02:19
they could take classes and putter around in the lab
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์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ  ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:23
in a very open, friendly atmosphere.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
None of my previous experience prepared me
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ „์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋„ ์ด ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด
02:30
for what came next. Can you guess?
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ์ง์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
02:34
The press started calling us.
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์–ธ๋ก ์—์„  ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:36
And the more we talked about how great it was to increase
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๊ณ  ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ'์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
02:39
science literacy, the more they wanted to talk
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๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„์™€์„œ๋Š”
02:42
about us creating the next Frankenstein,
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์ œ2์˜ 'ํ”„๋ž‘์ผ„์Šˆํƒ€์ธ'์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
and as a result, for the next six months,
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 6๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ
02:48
when you Googled my name,
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:50
instead of getting my scientific papers, you got this.
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์ œ ๊ณผํ•™ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
02:54
["Am I a biohazard?"]
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["๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."]
02:56
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:58
It was pretty depressing.
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๊ฝค ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
03:00
The only thing that got us through that period
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒฌ๋ŽŒ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
03:02
was that we knew that all over the world,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—
03:04
there were other people that were trying to do
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
03:06
the same thing that we were.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
03:08
They were opening biohacker spaces, and some of them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ•ด์ปค(DNA ๋“ฑ ์œ ์ „ํ•™ ๊ด€๋ จ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ทจ๋ฏธ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ)๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:10
were facing much greater challenges than we did,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์— ๋งž์„œ๊ณ ,
03:13
more regulations, less resources.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ทœ์ œ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ์ ์€ ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
But now, three years later, here's where we stand.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 3๋…„ ํ›„ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋งŒํผ์„ ์ผ๊ตฌ์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
It's a vibrant, global community of hackerspaces,
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:26
and this is just the beginning.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‹œ์ž‘์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
These are some of the biggest ones,
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์ด ์ ๋“ค์€ ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค ์ค‘์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๊ณ ,
03:30
and there are others opening every day.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋งค์ผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
There's one probably going to open up in Moscow,
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๋ชจ์Šคํฌ๋ฐ”์—์„œ๋„ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
03:35
one in South Korea,
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋„ ์กฐ๋งŒ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
and the cool thing is they each have their own
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์ด ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
03:38
individual flavor
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ž์‹ ์ด ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•œ
03:40
that grew out of the community they came out of.
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ํŠน์ƒ‰์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
Let me take you on a little tour.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
03:46
Biohackers work alone.
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ํ˜ผ์ž ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด,
03:48
We work in groups,
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ํŒ€์„ ์ด๋ค„์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
03:51
in big cities โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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ํฐ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:55
and in small villages.
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์ž‘์€ ๋„์‹œ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
We reverse engineer lab equipment.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์žฅ๋น„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:00
We genetically engineer bacteria.
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:03
We hack hardware,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€
04:05
software,
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
04:07
wetware,
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์›ป์›จ์–ด ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŒŒํ—ค์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ์ฒด ๊ธฐ๊ด€/๊ธฐ๋Šฅ)
04:10
and, of course, the code of life.
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ฝ”๋“œ๋“ค๋„ ๋น ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
04:13
We like to build things.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
04:16
Then we like to take things apart.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
We make things grow.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:24
We make things glow.
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๋น›๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
04:26
And we make cells dance.
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์„ธํฌ๋“ค์„ ์ถค์ถ”๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:30
The spirit of these labs, it's open, it's positive,
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์€, ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ฌด์—‡์—๋“ ์ง€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
but, you know, sometimes when people think of us,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:36
the first thing that comes to mind is bio-safety,
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๋ณด์•ˆ,
04:40
bio-security, all the dark side stuff.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ์•ˆ์ข‹์€ ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
I'm not going to minimize those concerns.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์šฐ๋ ค๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
Any powerful technology is inherently dual use,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์–‘๋‚ ์˜ ๊ฒ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
and, you know, you get something like
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ด๋‚˜,
04:51
synthetic biology, nanobiotechnology,
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๋‚˜๋…ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜คํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:55
it really compels you, you have to look at both
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์•„๋งˆ์ถ”์–ด๋„ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ,
04:57
the amateur groups but also the professional groups,
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์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
because they have better infrastructure,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:03
they have better facilities,
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
05:05
and they have access to pathogens.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
05:07
So the United Nations did just that, and they recently
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ UN์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
issued a report on this whole area,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์•˜์ฃ .
05:13
and what they concluded was the power of this technology
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ด๋žฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
for positive was much greater than the risk for negative,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‹จ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
and they even looked specifically at the DIYbio community,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด DIYbio์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:24
and they noted, not surprisingly, that the press
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๋ณ„๋กœ ๋†€๋ž์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
05:27
had a tendency to consistently overestimate our capabilities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ‰๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ๋Š”
05:31
and underestimate our ethics.
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๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
As a matter of fact, DIY people from all over the world,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, DIYbio์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž‘๋…„์— ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
05:37
America, Europe, got together last year,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
and we hammered out a common code of ethics.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ธ ์œค๋ฆฌ ๋ฒ•์น™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
That's a lot more than conventional science has done.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ด ํ•ด์™”๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋‚ซ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:46
Now, we follow state and local regulations.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉฐ,
05:50
We dispose of our waste properly, we follow
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ํ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
05:52
safety procedures, we don't work with pathogens.
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
You know, if you're working with a pathogen,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€,
05:58
you're not part of the biohacker community,
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
you're part of the bioterrorist community, I'm sorry.
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๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
And sometimes people ask me,
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:05
"Well, what about an accident?"
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"์Œ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์˜ˆ๊ธฐ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š”์š”?"
06:07
Well, working with the safe organisms that we normally
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋œ ์‹คํ—˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋กœ
06:11
work with, the chance of an accident happening
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
06:14
with somebody accidentally creating, like,
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์Šˆํผ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
06:16
some sort of superbug,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ํ™•๋ฅ ์€
06:18
that's literally about as probable as a snowstorm
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ
06:22
in the middle of the Sahara Desert.
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๋ˆˆ๋ณด๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
Now, it could happen,
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์˜ˆ, ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:26
but I'm not going to plan my life around it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ •๋„์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์— ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ €์˜ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
I've actually chosen to take a different kind of risk.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ €๋Š” ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:33
I signed up for something called the Personal Genome Project.
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์ €๋Š” '๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋“ฑ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
It's a study at Harvard where, at the end of the study,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•™๋ฌธ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์„ ๋ด‰์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋“œ๋Œ€ํ•™์—์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ,
06:38
they're going to take my entire genomic sequence,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ €์˜ ์ „์ฒด ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•˜์—ฌ
06:41
all of my medical information, and my identity,
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์ €์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ, ์‹ ์› ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค
06:45
and they're going to post it online for everyone to see.
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์— ๊ฒŒ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
There were a lot of risks involved that they talked about
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์•ž์„œ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ํ”ผ์‹คํ—˜์ธ ๋™์˜์„œ ์ž‘์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์—๋Š”
06:52
during the informed consent portion.
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์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
The one I liked the best is,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ €๋Š”
06:55
someone could download my sequence, go back to the lab,
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'๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์„œ์—ด์„ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€,
06:59
synthesize some fake Ellen DNA,
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๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์งœ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ž‘ํ•ด๋‚ด์–ด,
07:02
and plant it at a crime scene. (Laughter)
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๋ฒ”ํ–‰ ํ˜„์žฅ์— ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋ฌปํ˜€ ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ง˜์— ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:06
But like DIYbio, the positive outcomes and
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ DIYbio์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
07:10
the potential for good for a study like that
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธ์ •์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•™๋ฌธ์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ค„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์„ ์ด
07:13
far outweighs the risk.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
Now, you might be asking yourself,
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:18
"Well, you know, what would I do in a biolab?"
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"์Œ, ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ญ˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด?"
07:21
Well, it wasn't that long ago we were asking, "Well,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
what would anyone do with a personal computer?"
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"๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ PC๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์–ด?"
07:28
So this stuff is just beginning.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ์ € ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ผ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:30
We're only seeing just the tip of the DNA iceberg.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 'DNA ๋น™์‚ฐ'์˜ ์ผ๊ฐ๋งŒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:34
Let me show you what you could do right now.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์žฅ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์ผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:37
A biohacker in Germany, a journalist, wanted to know
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๋…์ผ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ž์ด์ž ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
07:40
whose dog was leaving little presents on his street?
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘ ์•ž ๊ธธ์— ์ž‘์€ ์„ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:47
Yep, you guessed it. He threw tennis balls
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์…จ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ์ง‘ ๊ฐœ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:49
to all the neighborhood dogs, analyzed the saliva,
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ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šค ๊ณต์„ ๋˜์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋“ค์˜ ํƒ€์•ก์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ,
07:53
identified the dog, and confronted the dog owner.
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๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฃผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
08:03
I discovered an invasive species in my own backyard.
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๋˜, ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘ ๋’ท๋งˆ๋‹น์—์„œ ๋ฒˆ์‹๋ ฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Looked like a ladybug, right?
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๋ฌด๋‹น๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์ง€์š”.
08:08
It actually is a Japanese beetle.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” '์ผ๋ณธ ๋”ฑ์ •๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ'์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
And the same kind of technology --
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด '์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ”์ฝ”๋”ฉ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:12
it's called DNA barcoding, it's really cool --
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€, ์ •๋ง ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฉ‹์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
You can use it to check if your caviar is really beluga,
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์บ๋น„์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ํฐ์ฒ ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ๋•Œ๋‚˜,
08:19
if that sushi is really tuna, or if that goat cheese
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์ด ์ดˆ๋ฐฅ์˜ ์ƒ์„ ์ด ์ •๋ง ์ฐธ์น˜์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๋‚˜, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋น„์‹ผ ๋ˆ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฐ
08:22
that you paid so much for is really goat's.
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์—ผ์†Œ ์น˜์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์—ผ์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ๋•Œ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด์ฃ .
08:26
In a biohacker space, you can analyze your genome
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๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ํ•ด์ปค๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ๋Œ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:29
for mutations.
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฒŒ๋†ˆ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
You can analyze your breakfast cereal for GMO's,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์นจ์— ๋จน๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์–ผ์— GMO(์œ ์ „์ž์กฐ์ž‘์„ฑ๋ถ„)๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋ฉด
08:34
and you can explore your ancestry.
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ํ˜น์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์กฐ์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
You can send weather balloons up into the stratosphere,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์ƒ ๊ด€์ธก ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์„œ
08:39
collect microbes, see what's up there.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„, ๊ทธ ์œ„์—๋Š” ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
You can make a biocensor out of yeast
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๋˜ํ•œ, ํšจ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์„ผ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ
08:45
to detect pollutants in water.
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๋ฌผ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
You can make some sort of a biofuel cell.
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์ฒœ์—ฐ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:51
You can do a lot of things.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
You can also do an art science project. Some of these
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์— ๋„์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
are really spectacular, and they look at social,
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์ด๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ •๋ง ๋๋‚ด์ฃผ์ฃ . ๊ทธ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๊ณ 
09:00
ecological problems from a completely different perspective.
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์ƒํƒœ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
It's really cool.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง€์ฃ .
09:05
Some people ask me, well, why am I involved?
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋‚˜์„œ์„œ ํ•˜๋Š๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
I could have a perfectly good career in mainstream science.
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์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณ„์—์„œ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์Œ“์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
09:12
The thing is, there's something in these labs
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€, ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๋“ค์—๋Š”
09:14
that they have to offer society that you can't find
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”,
09:17
anywhere else.
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์ด ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
There's something sacred about a space where
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์–ด๋–ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„,
09:22
you can work on a project, and you don't have to justify
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:24
to anyone that it's going to make a lot of money,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด๋ ค๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”์กฐ์ฐจ
09:27
that it's going to save mankind, or even that it's feasible.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ด ๊ณณ์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
It just has to follow safety guidelines.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
If you had spaces like this all over the world,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:36
it could really change the perception
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์„ ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
09:38
of who's allowed to do biotech.
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๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
It's spaces like these that spawned personal computing.
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PC๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งŽ์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
09:44
Why not personal biotech?
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์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์•ˆ ๋  ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?`
09:47
If everyone in this room got involved,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋™์ฐธํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:49
who knows what we could do?
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:51
This is such a new area, and as we say back in Brooklyn,
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์ด๊ฑด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์•ผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ์—์„œ ํ”ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:55
you ain't seen nothin' yet. (Laughter)
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*๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์•„์ง ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ* ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ) ("You ain't seen nothin' yet" ๋ฝ๊ทธ๋ฃน BTO์˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ณก ์ œ๋ชฉ)
09:58
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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