John Graham-Cumming: The greatest machine that never was

18,012 views ใƒป 2015-07-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Inho Jeong ๊ฒ€ํ† : Woo Hwang
00:12
So the machine I'm going to talk you about
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š”
00:13
is what I call the greatest machine that never was.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ '์ œ์ž‘๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:15
It was a machine that was never built,
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๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
00:17
and yet, it will be built.
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:19
It was a machine that was designed
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„
00:21
long before anyone thought about computers.
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐ–๊ธฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „์— ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:23
If you know anything about the history of computers,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ์•„์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:26
you will know that in the '30s and the '40s,
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30๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 40๋…„๋Œ€์—
00:28
simple computers were created
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ด๋ˆ
00:31
that started the computer revolution we have today,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:33
and you would be correct,
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๋งž๋Š” ์–˜๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:35
except for you'd have the wrong century.
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”
00:37
The first computer was really designed
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋•Œ๋Š”
00:39
in the 1830s and 1840s, not the 1930s and 1940s.
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1930๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1940๋…„๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ 1830๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 1840๋…„๋Œ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:43
It was designed, and parts of it were prototyped,
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์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:45
and the bits of it that were built are here
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๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
00:47
in South Kensington.
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์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์ผ„์‹ฑํ„ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:49
That machine was built by this guy, Charles Babbage.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:52
Now, I have a great affinity for Charles Babbage
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์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
00:54
because his hair is always completely unkempt like this
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถ€์Šค์Šคํ•œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
00:57
in every single picture. (Laughter)
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์นœ๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Š๊ปด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:59
He was a very wealthy man, and a sort of,
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๋ˆ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”,
01:01
part of the aristocracy of Britain,
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์ผ์ข…์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ท€์กฑ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:03
and on a Saturday night in Marylebone,
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๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋ณธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ† ์š”์ผ ๋ฐค์ด ๋˜๋ฉด
01:05
were you part of the intelligentsia of that period,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ง€์‹์ธ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰์— ์†ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ฉด
01:08
you would have been invited round to his house
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:09
for a soiree โ€” and he invited everybody:
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๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ฃ 
01:12
kings, the Duke of Wellington, many, many famous people โ€”
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์™•์ด๋‚˜ ์›ฐ๋งํ„ด ๊ณต์ž‘๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์–ด์š”
01:16
and he would have shown you one of his mechanical machines.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:18
I really miss that era, you know, where you could
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฝ๊ตฐ์š”
01:21
go around for a soiree and see a mechanical computer
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ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€
01:23
get demonstrated to you. (Laughter)
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋˜ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ  (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:25
But Babbage, Babbage himself was born
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์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€ ์ž์‹ ์€
01:28
at the end of the 18th century,
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18์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:30
and was a fairly famous mathematician.
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๋‹น์‹œ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
He held the post that Newton held at Cambridge,
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์บ์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๋‰ดํ„ด์ด ๋งก์•˜๋˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:35
and that was recently held by Stephen Hawking.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ํ˜ธํ‚น๋„ ๋งก์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ์ฃ 
01:37
He's less well known than either of them because
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ๋‰ดํ„ด์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํ‚น๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€๋ฐ
01:40
he got this idea to make mechanical computing devices
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ๊ตฌ์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค ํ•ด ๋†“๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”
01:43
and never made any of them.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
01:46
The reason he never made any of them, he's a classic nerd.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ด‘์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:49
Every time he had a good idea, he'd think,
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์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ 
01:51
"That's brilliant, I'm going to start building that one.
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"๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ง‰ํžŒ๋ฐ? ์ œ์ž‘์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด
01:52
I'll spend a fortune on it. I've got a better idea.
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๋ˆ๋„ ์—„์ฒญ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€ ๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์–ด!
01:55
I'm going to work on this one. (Laughter) And I'm going to do this one."
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ด์•ผ์ง€ (์›ƒ์Œ) ์ €๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ์ง€."
01:57
He did this until Sir Robert Peel, then Prime Minister,
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์ด๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ์ด๋ฆฌ์˜€๋˜ ๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ํ•„์ด
02:00
basically kicked him out of Number 10 Downing Street,
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๋‹ค์šฐ๋‹๊ฐ€(่ก—) 10๋ฒˆ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ซ“์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:03
and kicking him out, in those days, that meant saying,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์ ˆ์—” '๋‚ด์ซ“๋Š”๋‹ค'๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ
02:05
"I bid you good day, sir." (Laughter)
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"์ข‹์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋˜์‹œ์ง€์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜€์ง€๋งŒ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:08
The thing he designed was this monstrosity here,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ธด ํ‰๋ฌผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:10
the analytical engine. Now, just to give you an idea of this,
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'ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ  ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด
02:14
this is a view from above.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ด์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:15
Every one of these circles is a cog, a stack of cogs,
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๋™๊ทธ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋ฅผ ์Œ“์•„๋‘” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
02:19
and this thing is as big as a steam locomotive.
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์ „์ฒด ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ฐจ๋งŒํผ ์ปธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:22
So as I go through this talk, I want you to imagine
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
02:24
this gigantic machine. We heard those wonderful sounds
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์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋ฉฐ ์–ด๋–ค ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ผ์ง€
02:26
of what this thing would have sounded like.
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์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:28
And I'm going to take you through the architecture of the machine
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
02:30
โ€” that's why it's computer architecture โ€”
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โ€” ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ '์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ'๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š” โ€”
02:31
and tell you about this machine, which is a computer.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:35
So let's talk about the memory. The memory
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
02:38
is very like the memory of a computer today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„์ฃผ ํก์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:40
except it was all made out of metal,
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์ „๋ถ€ ๊ธˆ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๋นผ๋ฉด์š”
02:43
stacks and stacks of cogs, 30 cogs high.
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ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฒน๊ฒน์œผ๋กœ 30๊ฐœ์”ฉ ์Œ“์—ฌ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:47
Imagine a thing this high of cogs,
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ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋“ค์„ ์ด๋งŒํผ ์Œ“์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
02:49
hundreds and hundreds of them,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ 
02:51
and they've got numbers on them.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
It's a decimal machine. Everything's done in decimal.
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์‹ญ์ง„๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ด ์‹ญ์ง„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:55
And he thought about using binary. The problem
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์ด์ง„๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•ด๋ดค์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
02:56
with using binary is that the machine would have been so
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์ด์ง„๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒŒ
02:58
tall, it would have been ridiculous. As it is, it's enormous.
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์ปค์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜€๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š” ์›๋ž˜๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
03:01
So he's got memory.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:03
The memory is this bit over here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด์ชฝ์ด ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:06
You see it all like this.
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๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:08
This monstrosity over here is the CPU, the chip, if you like.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑด CPU์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. '์นฉ'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ 
03:13
Of course, it's this big.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ฃ 
03:15
Completely mechanical. This whole machine is mechanical.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹์ด์ฃ 
03:18
This is a picture of a prototype for part of the CPU
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์ด๊ฑด CPU์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ”„๋กœํ† ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
which is in the Science Museum.
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๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ์†Œ์žฅ์ค‘์ด์ฃ 
03:24
The CPU could do the four fundamental functions of arithmetic --
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์ด CPU๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์น™์—ฐ์‚ฐ, ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
03:28
so addition, multiplication, subtraction, division --
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๋ง์…ˆ, ๋บ„์…ˆ, ๊ณฑ์…ˆ, ๋‚˜๋ˆ—์…ˆ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
03:30
which already is a bit of a feat in metal,
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๊ธˆ์†์žฅ์น˜ ์น˜๊ณ ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
03:33
but it could also do something that a computer does
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๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—†๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๋˜ํ•œ
03:36
and a calculator doesn't:
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๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:38
this machine could look at its own internal memory and make a decision.
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๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
03:42
It could do the "if then" for basic programmers,
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๋ฒ ์ด์‹ ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ if-then ์—ฐ์‚ฐ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
and that fundamentally made it into a computer.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฑธ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ €๋˜ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
03:47
It could compute. It couldn't just calculate. It could do more.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:51
Now, if we look at this, and we stop for a minute,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๋ƒ๋ฉด
03:54
and we think about chips today, we can't
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์นฉ๋“ค์€
03:56
look inside a silicon chip. It's just so tiny.
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์†์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž‘๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
04:00
Yet if you did, you would see something
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ํก์‚ฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
04:01
very, very similar to this.
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:03
There's this incredible complexity in the CPU,
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CPU์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ 
04:06
and this incredible regularity in the memory.
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ด์—์š”
04:09
If you've ever seen an electron microscope picture,
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์ „์ž ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
04:10
you'll see this. This all looks the same,
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๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”
04:12
then there's this bit over here which is incredibly complicated.
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์ด์ชฝ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ๋ฐ
04:15
All this cog wheel mechanism here is doing is what a computer does,
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ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:19
but of course you need to program this thing, and of course,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ฃ 
04:21
Babbage used the technology of the day
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:24
and the technology that would reappear in the '50s, '60s and '70s,
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ 50๋…„๋Œ€, 60๋…„๋Œ€, 70๋…„๋Œ€์—๋„ ์žฌ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:28
which is punch cards. This thing over here
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๋ฐ”๋กœ '์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
04:31
is one of three punch card readers in here,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ ์ธ์‹๊ธฐ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:33
and this is a program in the Science Museum, just
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋ฉ€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์— ์†Œ์žฅ ์ค‘์ธ,
04:37
not far from here, created by Charles Babbage,
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์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ธ๋ฐ
04:42
that is sitting there โ€” you can go see it โ€”
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ โ€” ์ง์ ‘ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” โ€”
04:43
waiting for the machine to be built.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธธ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
04:46
And there's not just one of these, there's many of them.
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:49
He prepared programs anticipating this would happen.
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋  ๋‚ ์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์ฃ 
04:52
Now, the reason they used punch cards was that Jacquard,
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๊ตณ์ด ์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ๋ฅผ ์“ด ์ด์œ ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์˜ ์žํ‚ค๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด
04:54
in France, had created the Jacquard loom,
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'์žํ‚ค๋“œ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ง๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:56
which was weaving these incredible patterns controlled by punch cards,
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์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ง๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ •๊ตํ•œ ๋ฌธ์–‘์„ ์งœ๋ƒˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
04:59
so he was just repurposing the technology of the day,
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:02
and like everything else he did, he's using the technology
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃฌ ์—…์ ์€ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
05:04
of his era, so 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, cogs, steam,
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1830, 1840, 1850๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด, ์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ ฅ
05:09
mechanical devices. Ironically, born the same year
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„์ด๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆํ•œ ๊ฑด, ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด์— ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ
05:13
as Charles Babbage was Michael Faraday,
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๋งˆ์ดํด ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋ฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
05:15
who would completely revolutionize everything
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๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
05:17
with the dynamo, transformers, all these sorts of things.
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๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ˜์„ ์ด๋ค„๋ƒˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:20
Babbage, of course, wanted to use proven technology,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋งŒ ์“ฐ๋ ค ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
05:23
so steam and things.
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์ฆ๊ธฐ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ์š”
05:25
Now, he needed accessories.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—” ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
Obviously, you've got a computer now.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ
05:28
You've got punch cards, a CPU and memory.
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์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ์™€ CPU, ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์กŒ์œผ๋ฉด
05:30
You need accessories you're going to come with.
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๊ฐ™์ด ์“ธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
05:32
You're not just going to have that,
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
05:34
So, first of all, you had sound. You had a bell,
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ๊ฑด ์Œํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ฒจ์„ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
05:37
so if anything went wrong โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ์—๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:39
or the machine needed the attendant to come to it,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์ธ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ
05:41
there was a bell it could ring. (Laughter)
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๋ฒจ์„ ์šธ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (์›ƒ์Œ)
05:43
And there's actually an instruction on the punch card
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ์—๋Š” ๋ช…๋ น์ด ์ ํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:45
which says "Ring the bell." So you can imagine this "Ting!"
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'๋ฒจ์„ ์šธ๋ ค๋ผ' ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ . '๋ต'ํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:48
You know, just stop for a moment, imagine all those noises,
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ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”
05:50
this thing, "Click, clack click click click,"
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์ฆ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ '๋”ฑ๋”ฑ๋”ฑ๋”ฑ๋”ฑ๋”ฑ'
05:51
steam engine, "Ding," right? (Laughter)
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์— '๋ต!' ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ์š”(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:54
You also need a printer, obviously, and everyone needs a printer.
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ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
05:56
This is actually a picture of the printing mechanism for
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  '์ œ 2 ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ธฐ'๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์—
05:59
another machine of his, called the Difference Engine No. 2,
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๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:02
which he never built, but which the Science Museum
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€ ์ž์‹ ์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ
06:04
did build in the '80s and '90s.
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80๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 90๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:06
It's completely mechanical, again, a printer.
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ํ”„๋ฆฐํ„ฐ์ธ๋ฐ๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:08
It prints just numbers, because he was obsessed with numbers,
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์ˆซ์ž๋งŒ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ . ์›Œ๋‚™ ์ˆซ์ž์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
06:11
but it does print onto paper, and it even does word wrapping,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ข…์ด์— ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์›Œ๋“œ๋žฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
06:14
so if you get to the end of the line, it goes around like that.
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ํ•œ ์ค„์ด ๋‹ค ์ฐจ๋ฉด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์Œ ์ค„๋กœ ๋„˜๊ฒผ๋‹จ ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:17
You also need graphics, right?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ๋„ ์จ์•ผ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
06:19
I mean, if you're going to do anything with graphics,
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์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์œผ๋กœ ๋ญ˜ ํ• ๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
06:20
so he said, "Well, I need a plotter. I've got a big piece of paper
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” "ํ”Œ๋กœํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด, ํฐ ์ข…์ด์™€ ์ž‰ํฌ์™€ ํŽœ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
06:23
and an ink pen and I'll make it plot."
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ์ง€"
06:25
So he designed a plotter as well,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”Œ๋กœํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:27
and, you know, at that point, I think he got pretty much
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์ด์ •๋„ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š”
06:31
a pretty good machine.
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๊ฝค ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:32
Along comes this woman, Ada Lovelace.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์—์ด๋‹ค ๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:35
Now, imagine these soirees, all these great and good comes along.
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ด์—ˆ๋˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‚ด๋กœ๋ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค ๋ชจ์˜€์„ ํ…๋ฐ
06:38
This lady is the daughter of the mad, bad
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์ด ์—ฌ์ธ์€ ์ •์‹  ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ๋‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
06:41
and dangerous-to-know Lord Byron,
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋”ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:43
and her mother, being a bit worried that she might have
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๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋”ธ์ด ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„
06:46
inherited some of Lord Byron's madness and badness,
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๋ฌผ๋ ค๋ฐ›์„๊นŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ด์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:49
thought, "I know the solution: Mathematics is the solution.
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"์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด์•ผ!
06:52
We'll teach her mathematics. That'll calm her down."
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์• ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์นจ์ฐฉํ•ด์ง€๊ฒ ์ง€."
06:55
(Laughter) Because of course,
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๋ฌผ๋ก 
06:59
there's never been a mathematician that's gone crazy,
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์ •์‹  ๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋‘˜์ด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
07:03
so, you know, that'll be fine. (Laughter)
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๋ญ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ๋“  ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ  (์›ƒ์Œ)
07:05
Everything'll be fine. So she's got this mathematical training,
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๋‹ค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š” ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ต์Šต์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๊ณ 
07:08
and she goes to one of these soirees with her mother,
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€์˜ ํŒŒํ‹ฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:11
and Charles Babbage, you know, gets out his machine.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ฐฐ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
07:14
The Duke of Wellington is there, you know,
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์›ฐ๋งํ„ด ๊ณต์ž‘๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ
07:16
get out the machine, obviously demonstrates it,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด ๋™์ž‘ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
07:17
and she gets it. She's the only person in his lifetime, really,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€ ์ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ์œ ์ผ๋ฌด์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ
07:21
who said, "I understand what this does,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ
07:22
and I understand the future of this machine."
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:24
And we owe to her an enormous amount because we know
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ
07:28
a lot about the machine that Babbage was intending to build
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„
07:31
because of her.
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๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:32
Now, some people call her the first programmer.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:35
This is actually from one of -- the paper that she translated.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ ์ข…์ด์ธ๋ฐ
07:38
This is a program written in a particular style.
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ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
It's not, historically, totally accurate that she's the first programmer,
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋จธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:45
and actually, she did something more amazing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ์ด๋ค„๋ƒˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
07:47
Rather than just being a programmer,
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๊ทธ์ € ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ๋งŒ ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:48
she saw something that Babbage didn't.
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ๋ชป ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค๋„ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
Babbage was totally obsessed with mathematics.
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”
07:54
He was building a machine to do mathematics,
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋„ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”
07:58
and Lovelace said, "You could do more than mathematics
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ๋ง๊ณ ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋„
08:01
on this machine." And just as you do,
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ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์ค€ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
08:04
everyone in this room already's got a computer on them
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ
08:05
right now, because they've got a phone.
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:07
If you go into that phone, every single thing in that phone
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์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋‚˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „์‚ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ๋•Œ
08:10
or computer or any other computing device
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋“ค์€
08:12
is mathematics. It's all numbers at the bottom.
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๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ 
08:14
Whether it's video or text or music or voice, it's all numbers,
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๋น„๋””์˜ค๊ฑด ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฑด ์Œ์•…์ด๊ฑด ์Œ์„ฑ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ„์— ๋‹ค ์ˆซ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:18
it's all, underlying it, mathematical functions happening,
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋ผ ์ด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:22
and Lovelace said, "Just because you're doing
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๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋žฌ์ฃ 
08:25
mathematical functions and symbols
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"์ˆ˜ํ•™ ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ๊ธฐํ˜ธ๋งŒ ์“ด๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:28
doesn't mean these things can't represent
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”
08:30
other things in the real world, such as music."
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์Œ์•…๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ "
08:33
This was a huge leap, because Babbage is there saying,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋„์•ฝ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
08:36
"We could compute these amazing functions and print out
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"์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ•จ์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•ด์„œ
08:38
tables of numbers and draw graphs," โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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์ˆซ์ž๋„ ์ธ์‡„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉด ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค!" (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:42
and Lovelace is there and she says, "Look,
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๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ 
08:44
this thing could even compose music if you
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"์Œ์•…์„ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด
08:46
told it a representation of music numerically."
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์Œ์•…๋„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
08:50
So this is what I call Lovelace's Leap.
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์ „ ์ด๊ฑธ ๋Ÿฌ๋ธ”๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ๋„์•ฝ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:52
When you say she's a programmer, she did do some,
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:55
but the real thing is to have said the future is going to be
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋” ๋ฐ์„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜ˆ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒŒ
08:58
much, much more than this.
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ง„์งœ ์—…์ ์ด์ฃ 
09:01
Now, a hundred years later, this guy comes along,
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๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฑ๋…„ ํ›„์— ์•จ๋Ÿฐ ํŠœ๋ง์ด๋ž€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:03
Alan Turing, and in 1936, and invents the computer all over again.
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๊ทธ๋Š” 1936๋…„์— ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด๋ฃน๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:08
Now, of course, Babbage's machine was entirely mechanical.
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:11
Turing's machine was entirely theoretical.
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ํŠœ๋ง์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ด๋ก ์ ์ด์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:13
Both of these guys were coming from a mathematical perspective,
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ˆ˜ํ•™์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:16
but Turing told us something very important.
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ํŠœ๋ง์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๋ ค์คฌ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:19
He laid down the mathematical foundations
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‹ค์ ธ๋†“๊ณ 
09:22
for computer science, and said,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ 
09:24
"It doesn't matter how you make a computer."
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"์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋ƒ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค."
09:27
It doesn't matter if your computer's mechanical,
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ด๋“ 
09:29
like Babbage's was, or electronic, like computers are today,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ „์ž์‹ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ด๋“ 
09:33
or perhaps in the future, cells, or, again,
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๋‚˜๋…ธ ๊ณตํ•™์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „์ง€์‹์ด๋‚˜ ํ˜น์€
09:36
mechanical again, once we get into nanotechnology.
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ํšŒ๊ท€ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:39
We could go back to Babbage's machine
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ 
09:41
and just make it tiny. All those things are computers.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งฃ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:44
There is in a sense a computing essence.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
09:45
This is called the Churchโ€“Turing thesis.
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์ด๊ฑธ ์ฒ˜์น˜-ํŠœ๋ง ๋…ผ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:47
And so suddenly, you get this link where you say
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€
09:50
this thing Babbage had built really was a computer.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์“ฐ์‹œ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:52
In fact, it was capable of doing everything we do today
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:55
with computers, only really slowly. (Laughter)
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์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ)
10:00
To give you an idea of how slowly,
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Š๋ ธ๋ƒ๋ฉด
10:02
it had about 1k of memory.
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ 1kb ์ •๋„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:06
It used punch cards, which were being fed in,
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ฝ‚์•„์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒœ๊ณต ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
10:09
and it ran about 10,000 times slower the first ZX81.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ZX81๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋™๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:15
It did have a RAM pack.
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๋žจ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”
10:16
You could add on a lot of extra memory if you wanted to.
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์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ผ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
10:19
(Laughter) So, where does that bring us today?
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋Š” ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
10:22
So there are plans.
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์„ธ์›Œ ๋‘” ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:23
Over in Swindon, the Science Museum archives,
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์Šค์œˆ๋˜ ๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ณด๊ด€์†Œ์—๋Š”
10:26
there are hundreds of plans and thousands of pages
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์“ด, ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:28
of notes written by Charles Babbage about this analytical engine.
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„œ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:31
One of those is a set of plans that we call Plan 28,
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๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ '๊ณ„ํš 28๋ฒˆ'์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”
10:35
and that is also the name of a charity that I started
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'๊ณ„ํš 28'์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์˜ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์•ผ ํ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์ด์ž
10:38
with Doron Swade, who was the curator of computing
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๋ฏธ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌ์ถ• ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
10:40
at the Science Museum, and also the person who drove
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๋„๋Ÿฐ ์Šค์›จ์ด๋“œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„ธ์šด ์ž์„  ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ด๋ฆ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•œ๋ฐ,
10:43
the project to build a difference engine,
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์ €ํฌ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
10:44
and our plan is to build it.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:47
Here in South Kensington, we will build the analytical engine.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฐ์Šค ์ผ„์ง•ํ„ด์—์„œ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:50
The project has a number of parts to it.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
10:52
One was the scanning of Babbage's archive.
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์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:55
That's been done. The second is now the study
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ์š” ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝํ•  ์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:57
of all of those plans to determine what to build.
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณ„ํš์„œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:00
The third part is a computer simulation of that machine,
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ƒ๊ตฌ๋™์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š”
11:04
and the last part is to physically build it at the Science Museum.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™๋ฐ•๋ฌผ๊ด€์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:07
When it's built, you'll finally be able to understand how a computer works,
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์ œ์ž‘์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:10
because rather than having a tiny chip in front of you,
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์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์นฉ์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
11:12
you've got to look at this humongous thing and say, "Ah,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
11:14
I see the memory operating, I see the CPU operating,
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๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์™€ CPU๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ˆˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ณ 
11:18
I hear it operating. I probably smell it operating." (Laughter)
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๊ตฌ๋™๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ณ  ๋ญํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋„ ๋งก์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ)
11:22
But in between that we're going to do a simulation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋™์‹œ์ผœ ๋ณผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:24
Babbage himself wrote, he said,
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๋ฐฐ๋น„์ง€๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธ€์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:26
as soon as the analytical engine exists,
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ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:28
it will surely guide the future course of science.
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๊ณผํ•™์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ ์š”
11:31
Of course, he never built it, because he was always fiddling
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:33
with new plans, but when it did get built, of course,
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์›Œ๋‚™ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1940๋…„๋Œ€์—
11:35
in the 1940s, everything changed.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:39
Now, I'll just give you a little taste of what it looks like
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์ž, ์ด์ œ ๋ง›๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด CPU ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
11:40
in motion with a video which shows
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ๋™๋ ์ง€
11:43
just one part of the CPU mechanism working.
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์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:51
So this is just three sets of cogs,
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ํ†ฑ๋‹ˆ๋ฐ”ํ€ด ํƒ‘ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:54
and it's going to add. This is the adding mechanism
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ๊ฑฐ๊ณ ์š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:57
in action, so you imagine this gigantic machine.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ 
11:59
So, give me five years.
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5๋…„์ด๋ฉด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:00
Before the 2030s happen, we'll have it.
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2030๋…„๋Œ€ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์™„์„ฑํ•  ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
12:03
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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