The unexpected benefit of celebrating failure | Astro Teller

362,692 views ใƒป 2016-05-09

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yoonjae Yoo ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
In 1962 at Rice University,
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1962๋…„ ๋ผ์ด์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
00:16
JFK told the country about a dream he had,
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์ผ€๋„ค๋”” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฟˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
a dream to put a person on the moon by the end of the decade.
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10๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฟˆ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:25
The eponymous moonshot.
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ๋‹ฌ ํƒ์‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:28
No one knew if it was possible to do
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:30
but he made sure a plan was put in place to do it if it was possible.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•ด ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์›Œ ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
That's how great dreams are.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Great dreams aren't just visions,
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ฟˆ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋น„์ „์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:39
they're visions coupled to strategies for making them real.
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ํ˜„์‹คํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
I have the incredible good fortune to work at a moonshot factory.
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์ €๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์ด ์ข‹๊ฒŒ๋„, '๋ฌธ์ƒท ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ'์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:49
At X -- formerly called Google X --
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” '๊ตฌ๊ธ€ X'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ ธ์ฃ .
00:51
you'll find an aerospace engineer working alongside a fashion designer
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ํ•ญ๊ณต ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๊ฐ€ ํŒจ์…˜ ๋””์ž์ด๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ณ 
00:56
and former military ops commanders brainstorming with laser experts.
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์ „ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ ์ž‘์ „ ์‚ฌ๋ น๊ด€์ด ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์Šคํ† ๋ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
These inventors, engineers and makers are dreaming up technologies
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด, ์ฐฝ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
that we hope can make the world a wonderful place.
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01:12
We use the word "moonshots" to remind us to keep our visions big --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ "๋ฌธ์ƒท(๋‹ฌ ํƒ์‚ฌ)"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๊พธ๊ณ  ํฐ ๋น„์ „์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
to keep dreaming.
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01:18
And we use the word "factory" to remind ourselves
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๋˜ํ•œ "ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ(๊ณต์žฅ)"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
01:22
that we want to have concrete visions --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋น„์ „ ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜„์‹คํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:26
concrete plans to make them real.
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๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Here's our moonshot blueprint.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ƒท ์ฒญ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Number one:
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
01:32
we want to find a huge problem in the world
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๋งŒํ•œ
01:35
that affects many millions of people.
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์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Number two:
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
01:38
we want to find or propose a radical solution for solving that problem.
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๊ทธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
And then number three:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ,
01:44
there has to be some reason to believe
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
01:47
that the technology for such a radical solution
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:50
could actually be built.
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01:53
But I have a secret for you.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๋ฐ€์„ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
The moonshot factory is a messy place.
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๋ฌธ์ƒท ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‚œ์žกํ•œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
But rather than avoid the mess,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚œ์žกํ•จ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
02:01
pretend it's not there,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋‚œ์žกํ•จ์ด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ์—†๋Š” ์ฒ™ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:03
we've tried to make that our strength.
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๋‚œ์žกํ•จ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
We spend most of our time breaking things
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๊ณ 
02:08
and trying to prove that we're wrong.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
That's it, that's the secret.
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๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์—์š”, ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Run at all the hardest parts of the problem first.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋จผ์ € ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:18
Get excited and cheer,
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์‹ ๋‚˜์„œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
"Hey! How are we going to kill our project today?"
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"์–ด์ด, ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ง€?"
02:25
We've got this interesting balance going
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•„์Šฌ์•„์Šฌํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์žก๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
02:29
where we allow our unchecked optimism to fuel our visions.
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๊ฒ€์ฆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚™๊ด€์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„์ „์„ ๋ถˆ๋ถ™์ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
But then we also harness enthusiastic skepticism
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ์—ด๋ ฌํžˆ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
02:39
to breathe life, breathe reality into those visions.
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๋น„์ „์— ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
I want to show you a few of the projects
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ช‡๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
02:45
that we've had to leave behind on the cutting room floor,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—๋Š” ํŽธ์ง‘์‹ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋‚ดํŒฝ๊ฐœ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:48
and also a few of the gems
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”, ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
02:49
that at least so far, have not only survived that process,
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋œ
02:53
but have been accelerated by it.
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๋ณด์„๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Last year we killed a project in automated vertical farming.
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์ง€๋‚œํ•ด์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™ํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋†์—… ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
This is some of the lettuce that we grew.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‚ค์šด ์ƒ์ถ”๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
03:03
One in nine people in the world suffers from undernourishment.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ 1/9์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์˜์–‘ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
So this is a moonshot that needs to happen.
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•  '๋ฌธ์ƒท'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:09
Vertical farming uses 10 times less water
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์ˆ˜์ง ๋†์—…์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋†์—…์— ๋น„ํ•ด 1/10์˜ ๋ฌผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ 
03:12
and a hundred times less land than conventional farming.
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1/100์˜ ๋•…๋งŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And because you can grow the food close to where it's consumed,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด ์†Œ๋น„๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:22
you don't have to transport it large distances.
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๋จผ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ฌ ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ฃ .
03:27
We made progress in a lot of the areas
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ™• ๋ฐ ์กฐ๋ช… ํšจ์œจํ™” ๋“ฑ
03:29
like automated harvesting and efficient lighting.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ค˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
But unfortunately,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„,
03:34
we couldn't get staple crops like grains and rice to grow this way.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณก๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์Œ€๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฃผ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด์ง„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
So we killed the project.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:41
Here's another huge problem.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
We pay enormous costs in resources and environmental damage
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์™ธ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ž์› ๋‚ญ๋น„์™€
03:48
to ship goods worldwide.
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์ž์—ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
Economic development of landlocked countries
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์œก์ง€๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€
03:53
is limited by lack of shipping infrastructure.
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ํ•ด์šด์—… ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ฝ์„ ๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
The radical solution?
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๊ธ‰์ง„์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€์š”?
03:58
A lighter-than-air, variable-buoyancy cargo ship.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ณ , ๋ถ€๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
This has the potential to lower,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ
04:07
at least overall,
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์ˆ˜์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์ฃผ๊ณ 
04:09
the cost, time and carbon footprint of shipping
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์ˆ˜๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•„์š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
without needing runways.
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04:15
We came up with this clever set of technical breakthroughs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•ด๋‚ธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:18
that together might make it possible for us to lower the cost enough
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๋‚˜์ค‘์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ
04:23
that we could actually make these ships --
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์šด์†ก์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
inexpensively enough in volume.
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04:28
But however cheap they would have been to make in volume
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
04:33
it turned out that it was going to cost close to 200 million dollars
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์šด์†ก์„ ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๋ฐ
2์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
to design and build the first one.
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04:40
200 million dollars is just way too expensive.
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2์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น„์‹ผ ๋น„์šฉ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:44
Because X is structured with these tight feedback loops
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X์— ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”, ์‹ค์ˆ˜, ํ•™์Šต, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ค๊ณ„๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”
04:48
of making mistakes and learning and new designs,
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๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:51
we can't spend 200 million dollars
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๊ธธ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
04:53
to get the first data point
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋ฐ
04:55
about whether we're on the right track or not.
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2์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง€์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
If there's an Achilles' heel in one our projects,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์— ์•„ํ‚ฌ๋ ˆ์Šค ๊ฑด์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:00
we want to know it now, up front, not way down the road.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€๊ธˆ, ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜์ง€, ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋ง‰๊ธธ์—์„œ ์•Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
So we killed this project, too.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:08
Discovering a major flaw in a project
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๊ฒฐ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ
05:11
doesn't always mean that it ends the project.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ข…๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Sometimes it actually gets us onto a more productive path.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋” ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
This is our fully self-driving vehicle prototype,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์™„์ „ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
05:20
which we built without a steering wheel or break pedal.
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์šด์ „๋Œ€๋‚˜ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ ํŽ˜๋‹ฌ์ด ์—†๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
But that wasn't actually our goal when we started.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
With 1.2 million people dying on the roads globally every year,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋…„ 120๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
05:33
building a car that drives itself was a natural moonshot to take.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฐ '๋ฌธ์ƒท'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
Three and a half years ago,
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3๋…„๋ฐ˜ ์ „์—
05:39
when we had these Lexus, retrofitted, self-driving cars in testing,
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๋ ‰์„œ์Šค๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•œ ์ด ์ž์œจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ฒซ ์‹œํ—˜ ์šด์ „์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต ํ›„,
05:45
they were doing so well, we gave them out to other Googlers
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์ง์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์šดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋’ค ํƒ‘์Šน ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ค์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:49
to find out what they thought of the experience.
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05:52
And what we discovered
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€
05:53
was that our plan to have the cars do almost all the driving
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:57
and just hand over to the users in case of emergency
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์œ„๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋งŒ ํƒ‘์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ์šด์ „์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด
06:01
was a really bad plan.
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์ •๋ง ๋‚˜์œ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:06
It wasn't safe
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
because the users didn't do their job.
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ํƒ‘์Šน์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:11
They didn't stay alert
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์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ œ์–ด๊ถŒ์„ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:13
in case the car needed to hand control back to them.
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์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
This was a major crisis for the team.
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์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŒ€์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํฐ ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜€์ฃ .
06:19
It sent them back to the drawing board.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐํš ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
And they came up with a beautiful, new perspective.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ด€์ ์ด ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
Aim for a car where you're truly a passenger.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•œ ์šด์ „์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋ ค๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:31
You tell the car where you want to go,
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์ฐจ์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€์•ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ 
06:33
you push a button
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๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋ฉด,
06:34
and it takes you from point A to point B by itself.
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A ์ง€์ ์—์„œ B ์ง€์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์„œ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
We're really grateful
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„
06:41
that we had this insight as early on in the project as we did.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ฒœ๋งŒ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:44
And it's shaped everything we've done since then.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
And now our cars have self-driven more than 1.4 million miles,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” 225๋งŒkm ์ด์ƒ์„
06:55
and they're out everyday
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์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
06:57
on the streets of Mountain View, California and Austin, Texas.
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์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋งˆ์šดํ‹ด๋ทฐ์™€ ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์˜ค์Šคํ‹ด์˜ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋งค์ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
The cars team shifted their perspective.
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์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŒ€์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:06
This is one of X's mantras.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด X์˜ ์ฃผ๋ฌธ(๋งŒํŠธ๋ผ)์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
Sometimes shifting your perspective is more powerful than being smart.
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๊ฐ€๋”์”ฉ์€ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋Šฅ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
Take wind energy.
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ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
07:15
It's one of my favorite examples of perspective shifting.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์  ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:18
There's no way that we're going to build
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „์šฉ ํ’์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋„
07:21
a better standard wind turbine than the experts in that industry.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
But we found a way to get up higher into the sky,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹  ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์„œ
07:31
and so get access to faster, more consistent winds,
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๋” ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋” ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:35
and so more energy without needing hundreds of tons of steel to get there.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑํ†ค์˜ ๊ฐ•์ฒ ์ด ํ•„์š” ์—†์ด๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
Our Makani energy kite rises up from its perch
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์šฐ๋ฆญ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  '๋งˆ์นด๋‹ˆ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์—ฐ'์€ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํ”„๋กœํŽ ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํšŒ์ „์‹œ์ผœ
07:44
by spinning up those propellers along its wing.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
And it pulls out a tether as it rises,
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์ „์„ ์„ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
07:50
pulling energy up through the tether.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
Once the tether's all the way out,
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์ „์„ ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
07:54
it goes into crosswind circles in the sky.
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์˜†๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉฐ ์›์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ํ•˜๋Š˜์„ ๋‚ ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:58
And now those propellers that lifted it up have become flying turbines.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•  ๋•Œ ์“ฐ์˜€๋˜ ํ”„๋กœํŽ ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ๋นˆ์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And that sends energy back down the tether.
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์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š” ์ „์„ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋‚ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
We haven't yet found a way to kill this project.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:10
And the longer it survives that pressure, the more excited we get
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์••๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์„์ˆ˜๋ก,
08:14
that this could become a cheaper and more deployable form
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
08:19
of wind energy for the world.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์งœ๋ฆฟํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
Probably the craziest sounding project we have is Project Loon.
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ๋ฃฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์ผ ํ…๋ฐ์š”,
08:27
We're trying to make balloon-powered Internet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ’์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
A network of balloons in the stratosphere
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ํ’์„ ๋“ค์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ
08:34
that beam an internet connection down to rural and remote areas of the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹œ๊ณจ๊ณผ ์™ธ๋”ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
This could bring online as many as four billion more people,
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์— ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ํž˜๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
08:43
who today have little or no internet connection.
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40์–ต ๋ช…์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
But you can't just take a cell tower,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ตญ์„ ํ’์„ ์— ๋ฌถ์–ด์„œ
08:50
strap it to a balloon and stick it in the sky.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผœ ๋†“์„์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:52
The winds are too strong, it would be blown away.
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•ด์„œ ํ’์„ ์„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:55
And the balloons are too high up to tie it to the ground.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์ด ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ ์ง€์ƒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:00
Here comes the crazy moment.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
What if, instead,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์—, ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ 
09:05
we let the balloons drift
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ํ’์„ ์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•ด๋†“๊ณ 
09:07
and we taught them how to sail the winds to go where the needed to go?
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ์ˆœํ•ญํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:13
It turns out the stratosphere has winds
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์—๋Š” ์ธต๋ณ„๋กœ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์†๋„์™€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด
09:16
that are going in quite different speeds and directions in thin strata.
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๋ถˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
So we hoped that using smart algorithms and wind data from around the world,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์œผ๋กœ
09:26
we could maneuver the balloons a bit,
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ํ’์„ ์„ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์„œ,
09:29
getting them to go up and down just a tiny bit in the stratosphere
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ๋งŒ ์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์™”๋‹ค๊ฐ”๋‹ค ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:32
to grab those winds going in those different directions and speeds.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์†๋„์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์žก์•„๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
The idea is to have enough balloons
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ’์„ ์„ ๋„์›Œ์„œ
09:38
so as one balloon floats out of your area,
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ํ˜น์‹œ ํ•œ ํ’์„ ์ด ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋”๋ผ๋„
09:41
there's another balloon ready to float into place,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ’์„ ์ด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
handing off the internet connection,
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
09:47
just like your phone hands off between cell towers
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ „ํ™”๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ง€๊ตญ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ„๋„ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
09:51
as you drive down the freeway.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
09:53
We get how crazy that vision sounds --
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์ด ๋น„์ „์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
there's the name of the project to remind us of that.
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๋ฃฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ด๋ฆ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ '๋ฏธ์ณค๋‹ค'๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:00
So since 2012,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:03
the Loon team has prioritized the work that seems the most difficult
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๋ฃฌ ํŒ€์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ผ, ์ฆ‰, ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘๋‹จ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์š”์ธ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:09
and so the most likely to kill their project.
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์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ •ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
The first thing that they did
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:15
was try to get a Wi-Fi connection from a balloon in the stratosphere
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์„ฑ์ธต๊ถŒ์˜ ํ’์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์ƒ์˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊นŒ์ง€
10:19
down to an antenna on the ground.
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์™€์ดํŒŒ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
It worked.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:23
And I promise you there were bets that it wasn't going to.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ถ„๋ช… ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
So we kept going.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:28
Could we get the balloon to talk directly to handsets,
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"ํ’์„ ์ด ๋‹จ๋ง๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ†ต์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:32
so that we didn't need the antenna as an intermediary receiver?
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์ค‘๊ฐœ ์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋กœ์จ์˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”์—†๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
10:36
Yeah.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
Could we get the balloon bandwidth high enough
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"ํ’์„ ์˜ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•ด์„œ
10:41
so it was a real Internet connection?
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์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
10:44
So that people could have something more than just SMS?
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"๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฌธ์ž ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ด์ƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด?"
10:49
The early tests weren't even a megabit per second,
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์€ 1Mbit/s๋„ ๋‚˜์˜ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
10:53
but now we can do up to 15 megabits per second.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” 15Mbit/s ์ด์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
Enough to watch a TED Talk.
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TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
10:59
Could we get the balloons to talk to each other through the sky
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"ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ํ’์„ ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์„œ๋กœ ์†Œํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
11:02
so that we could reach our signal deeper into rural areas?
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๋”์šฑ๋” ์‹œ๊ณจ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?"
11:07
Check.
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๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
Could we get balloons the size of a house to stay up for more than 100 days,
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"ํ’์„ ์„ ์ง‘๋งŒํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์„œ 100์ผ ์ด์ƒ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:16
while costing less than five percent
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์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ํ’์„ (๊ธฐ์ง€๊ตญ) ๋น„์šฉ์˜ 5% ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
11:18
of what traditional, long-life balloons have cost to make?
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11:23
Yes. In the end.
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๋„ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ•ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:25
But I promise you, you name it, we had to try it to get there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ญ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
We made round, silvery balloons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ฅ๊ธ€๊ณ  ์€์ƒ‰๋น›์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ํ’์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:35
We made giant pillow-shaped balloons.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ ๊ฐœ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ํ’์„ ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
We made balloons the size of a blue whale.
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ํฐ๊ธด์ˆ˜์—ผ๊ณ ๋ž˜ ๋งŒํ•œ ํ’์„ ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:44
We busted a lot of balloons.
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๋งŽ์€ ํ’์„ ๋“ค์„ ํ„ฐ๋œจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:49
Since one of the things that was most likely to kill the Loon project
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๋ฃฌ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทธ๋งŒ ๋‘๊ฒŒํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š”
11:53
was whether we could guide the balloons through the sky,
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ํ’์„ ์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜ ์œ„์—์„œ ๊ธธ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
11:56
one of our most important experiments was putting a balloon inside a balloon.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํ’์„ ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ์ง‘์–ด ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:02
So there are two compartments here, one with air and then one with helium.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ’์„ ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋˜์–ด, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ฐจ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
The balloon pumps air in to make itself heavier,
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๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
12:11
or lets air out to make it lighter.
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๊ฐ€๋ณ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:14
And these weight changes allow it to rise or fall,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ’์„ ์€ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
12:17
and that simple movement of the balloon is its steering mechanism.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ’์„ ์ด ์กฐ์ข…๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:21
It floats up or down,
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์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„์™€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ๋ถˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
12:23
hoping to grab winds going in the speed and direction that it wants.
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์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋œจ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:27
But is that good enough for it to navigate through the world?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:32
Barely at first,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ• ๊นŒ ๋ง๊นŒ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
12:35
but better all the time.
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์ ์  ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
This particular balloon, our latest balloon,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ’์„ ์€
12:39
can navigate a two-mile vertical stretch of sky
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์œ„์•„๋ž˜๋กœ 3km๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
12:44
and can sail itself to within 500 meters of where it wants to go
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500๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
from 20,000 kilometers away.
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๋ฌด๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š˜ 20,000km ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ์š”.
12:56
We have lots more to do
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์•„์ง ํ•ด์•ผํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
in terms of fine-tuning the system and reducing costs.
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์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ฏธ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
13:03
But last year, a balloon built inexpensively
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž‘๋…„์—, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ํ’์„ ์ด
13:06
went around the world 19 times over 187 days.
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187์ผ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ 19๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
So we're going to keep going.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:21
Our balloons today
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ’์„ ์€
13:22
are doing pretty much everything a complete system needs to do.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
We're in discussions with telcos around the world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ˜‘์˜ ์ค‘์ด๊ณ ,
13:30
and we're going to fly over places like Indonesia
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ ๋‹ค์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
13:32
for real service testing this year.
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์‹ค์ œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
This probably all sounds too good to be true,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
and you're right.
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์ •๋ง ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
Being audacious
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๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•จ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
13:43
and working on big, risky things
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋„์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:45
makes people inherently uncomfortable.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฒœ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
You cannot yell at people and force them to fail fast.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:55
People resist. They worry.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
"What will happen to me if I fail?
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"์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•˜์ง€?
14:00
Will people laugh at me?
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋น„์›ƒ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?
14:02
Will I be fired?"
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ?"
14:05
I started with our secret.
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์˜ค๋Š˜์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:08
I'm going to leave you with how we actually make it happen.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
The only way to get people to work on big, risky things --
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๋‹ดํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌด๋ชจํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:17
audacious ideas --
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
14:19
and have them run at all the hardest parts of the problem first,
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์ „๋ ฅํˆฌ๊ตฌํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
14:24
is if you make that the path of least resistance for them.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ํ•  ํ•„์š”์—†๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:29
We work hard at X to make it safe to fail.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” X์—์„œ ์‹คํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋˜๊ฒŒ๋” ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Teams kill their ideas as soon as the evidence is on the table
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์‹คํŒจ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ”์— ๋‚˜์˜ค์ž๋งˆ์ž ํŒ€๋“ค์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:37
because they're rewarded for it.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
14:41
They get applause from their peers.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
14:44
Hugs and high fives from their manager, me in particular.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค๋‹ˆ์ €๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฌ์˜น๊ณผ ํ•˜์ดํŒŒ์ด๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:49
They get promoted for it.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง„๊ธ‰๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
We have bonused every single person on teams that ended their projects,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 2๋ช…์งœ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 30๋ช…์ด ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํŒ€๊นŒ์ง€
14:57
from teams as small as two to teams of more than 30.
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ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ข…๋ฃŒ์‹œํ‚จ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
We believe in dreams at the moonshot factory.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ƒท ํŒฉํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
But enthusiastic skepticism
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ด๋ ฌํ•œ ํšŒ์˜๋ก ์ด
15:07
is not the enemy of boundless optimism.
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๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ์˜ ์ ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
It's optimism's perfect partner.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚™๊ด€๋ก ์˜ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ํŒŒํŠธ๋„ˆ์ฃ .
15:14
It unlocks the potential in every idea.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋„์ง‘์–ด๋‚ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:19
We can create the future that's in our dreams.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฟˆ๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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