Why the hospital of the future will be your own home | Niels van Namen

82,201 views ใƒป 2018-10-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Probably not a surprise to you,
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื ืœื“ืขืช,
00:16
but I don't like to be in a hospital
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื
00:18
or go to a hospital.
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ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
00:20
Do you?
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ืžื” ืืชื›ื?
00:21
I'm sure many of you feel the same way, right?
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:24
But why? Why is it that we hate hospitals so much?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื”? ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš?
00:28
Or is it just a fact of life we have to live with?
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ืื• ื”ืื ื–ืืช ืจืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืชื”?
00:31
Is it the crappy food?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจื•ืข?
00:34
Is it the expensive parking?
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ื”ื—ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืงืจื”?
00:36
Is it the intense smell?
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ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื—ื–ืง?
00:38
Or is it the fear of the unknown?
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ืื• ื”ืื ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข?
00:41
Well, it's all of that, and it's more.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:45
Patients often have to travel long distances
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืžืจื—ืงื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ื
00:47
to get to their nearest hospital,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ื”ื
00:50
and access to hospital care is becoming more and more an issue
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช
00:54
in rural areas,
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื,
00:55
in the US,
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
00:57
but also in sparsely populated countries like Sweden.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”.
01:01
And even when hospitals are more abundant,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
01:05
typically the poor and the elderly
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื
01:07
have trouble getting care because they lack transportation
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ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉืžืชืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”
01:10
that is convenient and affordable to them.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
01:13
And many people are avoiding hospital care altogether,
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
01:18
and they miss getting proper treatment
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ื•ื”ื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืชืื™ื
01:20
due to cost.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช.
01:22
We see that 64 percent of Americans
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉ64% ืžื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
01:26
are avoiding care due to cost.
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ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช.
01:30
And even when you do get treatment,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
01:33
hospitals often make us sicker.
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ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:37
Medical errors are reported to be the third cause of death in the US,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
01:43
just behind cancer and heart disease,
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ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘.
01:46
the third cause of death.
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ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœืžื•ื•ืช.
01:49
I'm in health care for over 20 years now,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืขืœ ืœ20 ืฉื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ,
01:51
and I witness every day how broken and how obsolete our hospital system is.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื›ืžื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืชืงื•ืœื” ื•ืœื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช.
01:58
Let me give you two examples.
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ืชื ื• ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
02:00
Four in 10 Japanese medical doctors
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ืคื ื™ื
02:03
and five in 10 American medical doctors
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ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
02:06
are burnt out.
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ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ืงื”.
02:08
In my home country, the Netherlands,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“,
02:11
only 17 million people live there.
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ืจืง 17 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื.
02:13
We are short 125,000 nurses over the coming years.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืœ 125,000 ืื—ื™ื•ืช.
02:19
But how did we even end up here,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื›ืืŸ,
02:21
in this idea of placing all kinds of sick people
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ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื
02:24
together in one big building?
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ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ?
02:27
Well, we have to go back to the Ancient Greeks.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื.
02:31
In 400 BC, temples for cure were erected
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 400 ืœืคื ื”"ืก, ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœืจื™ืคื•ื™
02:34
where people could go to get their diagnosis,
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ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืœื›ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ,
02:36
their treatment and their healing.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืจื™ืคื•ื™.
02:39
And then really for about 2,000 years,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2,000 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
02:42
we've seen religious care centers
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื“ืชื™ื™ื
02:45
all the way up to the Industrial Revolution,
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ืขื“ ืœืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
02:48
where we've seen hospitals being set up as assembly lines
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ื‘ื” ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
02:56
based on the principles of the Industrial Revolution,
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ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
02:58
to produce efficiently
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
03:00
and get the products, the patients in this case,
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
03:02
out of the hospital as soon as possible.
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
03:06
Over the last century, we've seen lots of interesting innovations.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื—ื–ื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
03:10
We figured out how to make insulin.
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ื”ื‘ื ื• ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ.
03:13
We invented pacemakers and X-ray,
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ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืœื‘ ื•ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ,
03:16
and we even came into this wonderful new era of cell and gene therapies.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืชื ื•ื’ื ื™ื.
03:21
But the biggest change to fix our hospital system altogether
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ
03:26
is still ahead of us.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
03:28
And I believe it's time now, we have the opportunity,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
03:31
to revolutionize the system altogether
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ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื•ืœื”
03:34
and forget about our current hospital system.
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ื•ืœื–ื ื•ื— ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
03:37
I believe it's time to create a new system
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
03:39
that revolves around health care at home.
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ื”ืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
03:43
Recent research has shown
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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื
03:46
that 46 percent of hospital care
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ื›ื™ 46% ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
03:49
can move to the patient's home.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
03:52
That's a lot.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
03:54
And that's mainly for those patients who suffer from chronic diseases.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
03:58
With that, hospitals can and should
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
04:01
reduce to smaller, agile and mobile care centers
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ืœื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื
04:05
focused on acute care.
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ื”ืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืขืžื™ืง.
04:07
So things like neonatology, intensive care, surgery and imaging
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ืื– ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืื•ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ, ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืช
04:13
will still remain at the hospitals,
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ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
04:16
at least I believe for the foreseeable future.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ.
04:20
A few weeks ago, I met a colleague
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืขืžื™ืชื”
04:22
whose mom was diagnosed with incurable cancer,
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ืฉืืžื ืฉืœื” ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืขื ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืกื•ืคื ื™,
04:25
and she said, "Niels, it's hard.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื ื™ืœืก, ื–ื” ืงืฉื”.
04:27
It's so hard when we know that she's got only months to live.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
04:32
Instead of playing with the grandchildren,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ื,
04:34
she now has to travel three times a week
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ื”ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข
04:38
two hours up and down to Amsterdam
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ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืืžืกื˜ืจื“ื
04:40
just to get her treatment and tests."
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื”".
04:43
And that really breaks my heart,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื™,
04:45
because we all know that a professional nurse
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื—ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช
04:49
could draw her blood at home as well, right?
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžื ื” ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:51
And if she could get her tests and treatment at home as well,
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ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
04:55
she could do the things that are really important to her
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ื’ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”
04:58
in her last months.
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืœื”.
05:01
My own mom, 82 years old now -- God bless her --
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™, ื‘ืช 82 ืขื›ืฉื™ื• -- ื‘ืœื™ ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข --
05:06
she's avoiding to go to the hospital
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ื”ื™ื ื ืžื ืขืช ืžืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื
05:08
because she finds it difficult to plan and manage the journey.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.
05:12
So my sisters and I, we help her out.
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ืื– ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”.
05:15
But there's many elderly people who are avoiding care
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื ื ื–ืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
05:18
and are waiting that long that it becomes life-threatening,
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ื•ืžื—ื›ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื,
05:22
and it's straight to the costly, intensive care.
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ, ื”ื™ืงืจ.
05:26
Dr. Covinsky, a clinical researcher at the University of California,
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ื“"ืจ ืงื•ื‘ื™ื ืกืงื™, ื—ื•ืงืจ ืงืœื™ื ื™ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”,
05:30
he concludes that a third of patients over 70
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 70
05:33
and more than half of patients over 85,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 85,
05:36
leave the hospital more disabled than when they came in.
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืžืื™ืš ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืืœื™ื•.
05:41
And a very practical problem
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขืฉื™ืช
05:44
that many patients face when they have to go to a hospital is:
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ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื:
05:48
Where do I go with my main companion in life,
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ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื,
05:52
where do I go with my dog?
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ืœื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™?
05:57
That's our dog, by the way. Isn't she cute?
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ื–ืืช ื”ื›ืœื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื”?
05:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:02
But it's not only about convenience.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
06:04
It's also about unnecessary health care stays and costs.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืฉืคื•ื–ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืชืจื•ืช.
06:09
A friend of mine, Art,
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ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™, ืืจื˜,
06:11
he recently needed to be hospitalized for just a minor surgery,
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื ื–ืงืง ืœืืฉืคื•ื– ืจืคื•ืื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืงื˜ืŸ,
06:15
and he had to stay in the hospital for over two weeks,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
06:17
just because he needed a specific kind of IV antibiotics.
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื–ืงืง ืœืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™.
06:21
So he occupied a bed for two weeks
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ืชืคืก ืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื
06:25
that cost over a thousand euros a day.
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ืฉืขืœืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ื™ื•ืจื• ืœื™ื•ื.
06:27
It's just ridiculous.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš.
06:29
And these costs are really at the heart of the issue.
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ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
06:32
So we've seen over many of our global economies,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
06:35
health care expense grow as a percentage of GDP
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ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฆื•ืžื—ืช ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
06:38
over the last years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:40
So here we see that over the last 50 years,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
06:43
health care expense has grown from about five percent in Germany
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ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืžื‘ืขืจืš 5%
06:47
to about 11 percent now.
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ืœื›11% ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:50
In the US, we've seen growth from six percent to over 17 percent now.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ืจืื™ื ื• ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืž6% ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž17% ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:56
And a large portion of these costs are driven by investments
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ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ื ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช
07:00
in large, shiny hospital buildings.
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ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื”ื™ืงื™ื.
07:03
And these buildings are not flexible,
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ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื,
07:05
and they maintain a system where hospital beds need to be filled
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ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืžืจื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื” ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžืœื
07:08
for a hospital to run efficiently.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
07:11
There's no incentive for a hospital to run with less beds.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช.
07:15
Just the thought of that makes you sick, right?
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ืจืง ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื—ืœื™ืื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:18
And here's the thing: the cost for treating my buddy Art at home
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืืจื˜
07:22
can be up to 10 times cheaper than hospital care.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ืคื™ ืขืฉืจ ืžื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
07:27
And that is where we're headed.
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ื•ืœืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
07:29
The hospital bed of the future will be in our own homes.
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ืžื™ื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:34
And it's already starting.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื”.
07:35
Global home care is growing 10 percent year over year.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘10% ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
07:39
And from my own experience, I see that logistics and technology
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ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
07:44
are making these home health care solutions work.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
07:48
Technology is already allowing us to do things
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
07:50
that were once exclusive to hospitals.
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ืฉืคืขื ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
07:53
Diagnosis tests like blood,
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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื,
07:56
glucose tests, urine tests, can now be taken in the comfort of our homes.
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ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–, ืฉืชืŸ, ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืœืงื™ื—ื” ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
08:01
And more and more connected devices
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื
08:05
we see like pacemakers and insulin pumps
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื•ืฆื‘ื™ ืœื‘ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ
08:08
that will proactively signal if help is needed soon.
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ื™ืกืžื ื• ืœื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื•-ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช.
08:12
And all that technology is coming together
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชืื—ื“ืช
08:14
in much more insights into the patients' health,
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ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืžื™ืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื,
08:18
and that insight and all of the information leads to better control
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ื•ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:22
and to less medical errors --
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ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช --
08:24
remember, the third cause of death
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ื–ื›ืจื•, ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ืœืžื•ื•ืช
08:27
in the US.
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ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
08:29
And I see it every day at work.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
08:31
I work in logistics
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”
08:33
and for me, home health care works.
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ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“.
08:38
So we see a delivery driver deliver the medicine
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื ื”ื’ ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”
08:42
to the patient's home.
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ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
08:44
A nurse joins him and actually administers the drug
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ืื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช ืืœื™ื• ื•ื ื•ืชื ืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”
08:47
at the patient's home.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ.
08:50
It's that simple.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜.
08:52
Remember my buddy, Art?
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ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืืจื˜?
08:54
He can now get the IV antibiotics in the comfort of his home:
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ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื™ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื•:
08:57
no hospital pajamas, no crappy food
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ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื’ืขื™ืœ
09:01
and no risk of these antibiotic-resistant superbugs
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ื•ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื—ืกื™ื ื™ ืื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”
09:06
that only bite you in these hospitals.
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ืฉืจืง ื ื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:08
And it goes further.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
09:10
So now the elderly people can get the treatment that they need
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื• ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื
09:14
in the comfort of their own home
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ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื
09:16
while with their best companion in life.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
09:19
And there's no need anymore to drive hours and hours
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช
09:22
just to get your treatment and tests.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช.
09:25
In the Netherlands and in Denmark,
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ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ื“ื ืžืจืง,
09:27
we've seen very good successes in cancer clinics
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ืจืื™ื ื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืกืจื˜ืŸ
09:29
organizing chemotherapies at the patient's homes,
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ืฉืžืกื“ืจื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
09:34
sometimes even together with fellow patients.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
09:38
The best improvements for these patients
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ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
09:40
have been improvements in reduction in stress,
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืžืชื—,
09:44
anxiety disorders and depression.
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ืชืกืžื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื” ื•ื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ.
09:47
Home health care also helped them to get back a sense of normality
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื’ื ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ
09:51
and freedom in their lives,
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ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
09:53
and they've actually helped them to forget about their disease.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืขื–ืจ ืœื”ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื.
09:59
But home health care, Niels --
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™, ื ื™ืœืก --
10:02
what if I don't even have a home, when I'm homeless,
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ืžื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืช, ืื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืžืœืก,
10:06
or when I do have a home but there's no one to take care of me
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ืื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™
10:09
or even open up the door?
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช?
10:12
Well, in comes our sharing economy,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืฉืชืคืช ืฉืœื ื•,
10:15
or, as I like to call it, the Airbnb for home care.
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ืื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื”, ื”Airbnb ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™.
10:19
In the Netherlands, we see churches and care organizations
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ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื™ื
10:22
match people in need of care and company
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”
10:25
with people who actually have a home for them
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื
10:27
and can provide care and company to them.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื.
10:30
Home health care is cheaper,
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:32
it's easier to facilitate, and it's quick to set up --
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ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืงืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” --
10:36
in these rural areas we talked about, but also in humanitarian crisis situations
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•, ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื
10:40
where it's often safer, quicker and cheaper to set things up at home.
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ื›ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
10:48
Home health care is very applicable in prosperous areas
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื
10:52
but also very much in underserved communities.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื•ืช.
10:55
Home health care works in developed countries
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ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช
10:58
as well as in developing countries.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
11:00
So I'm passionate to help facilitate improvements in patients' lives
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื•ื™ืก ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื
11:06
due to home health care.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™.
11:08
I'm passionate to help facilitate
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ืื ื™ ืžื’ื•ื™ื™ืก ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ืš
11:11
that the elderly people get the treatment that they need
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ืฉื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื• ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื
11:13
in the comfort of their own homes,
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ื‘ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœื”ื,
11:15
together with their best companion in life.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื—ื™ื™ื.
11:18
I'm passionate to make the change
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ืื ื™ ืžื’ื•ื™ืก ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™
11:21
and help ensure that patients, and not their disease,
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ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืœื”ื
11:24
are in control of their lives.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
11:27
To me, that is health care delivered at home.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื–ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
11:30
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
11:31
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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