What working parents really need from workplaces | The Way We Work, a TED series

61,213 views ใƒป 2021-11-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Leslie Gauthier Reviewer:
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00:00
Every parent is a working parent,
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ayelet Segev ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
00:02
whether they have a job outside of the home or not.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื• ืœื.
00:05
[The Way We Work]
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[ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื]
00:10
When Angela shows up at the office,
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ื›ืฉืื ื’โ€™ืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืฉืจื“,
00:12
know that Angela has been up for at least three hours,
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ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-3 ืฉืขื•ืช,
00:14
had her hand covered in human excrement,
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ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
00:16
unwedged a small person
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ืฉื—ืจืจื” ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ืงื˜ืŸ
00:17
who has become lodged in between the washing machine and the wall,
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ืฉื ืชืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืœืงื™ืจ,
00:21
gotten down on her hands and knees and picked up oatmeal off the carpet.
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ื™ืจื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืืกืคื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืฉื•ืขืœ ืžื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—.
00:24
Domestic labor,
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืชื™ืช,
00:25
which is what parenting is and everything that goes along with parenting,
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ื–ื• ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”,
00:29
itโ€™s not just taking care of a child;
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“;
00:30
itโ€™s keeping a household running,
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ืืœื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืช ืคืขื™ืœ,
00:32
washing dishes,
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ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื›ืœื™ื,
00:33
doing laundry,
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ืœื›ื‘ืก,
00:34
itโ€™s keeping the schedule tight.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฆืคื•ืฃ.
00:36
We again assume that that work will be done by a wife whoโ€™s at home.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
00:40
The reality has progressed beyond where weโ€™re at policy-wise.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœื ื•.
00:46
Most people need multiple sources of income,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
00:50
women want to work outside of the home --
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ื ืฉื™ื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืช--
00:52
weโ€™re still expected to do all of the same things.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
00:55
And so now we outsource a lot of that parenting work
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืช
00:59
to other women,
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ืœื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
01:00
and mainly women of color.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช,
01:02
We donโ€™t give it financial, cultural value,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื” ืขืจืš ื›ืกืคื™ ืื• ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™,
01:05
and so we donโ€™t see it as real work.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
01:08
Care is really the backbone of our society.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:11
That work is what makes all other work possible.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื™ืชืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช .
01:14
So how should we support parents in the workplace?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”?
01:17
[Support family leave]
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[ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื]
01:19
There are only two industrialized countries in the entire world
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•
01:23
that donโ€™t guarantee some paid family leave,
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ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืกืคืง ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื
01:27
and the United States is one of them.
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ื•ืืจื”โ€œื‘ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ.
01:29
We should be envying Ghana,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื ื ื‘ื’ืื ื”,
01:31
Brazil, Turkey, Serbia, Japan,
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ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืกืจื‘ื™ื”, ื™ืคืŸ,
01:34
the United Kingdom,
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ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
01:35
Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden --
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ื ื•ืจื‘ื’ื™ื”, ื”ื•ืœื ื“, ืฉื•ื•ื“ื™ื” --
01:39
weโ€™re lagging behind the world on this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”.
01:42
When I say paid family leave,
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื,
01:44
Iโ€™m not talking about necessarily just newborn maternity leave.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืง ืœื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืœื™ื“ื” .
01:48
That includes paternity leave,
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ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉืช ืื‘ื”ื•ืช,
01:50
all genders,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื,
01:51
families that are adopting and welcoming a new child into their home,
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ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžืืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื™ืœื“ ื—ื“ืฉ,
01:54
people bringing foster children into their home,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื™ืœื“ื™ ืื•ืžื ื” ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื,
01:56
taking care of aging parents.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื–ื“ืงื ื™ื.
01:58
You know, at some point in your life,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื
02:00
someone that you love and care about is going to need help.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืชื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืœื• ื™ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืขื–ืจื”.
02:04
You should have the right to take time to take care of them.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื.
02:06
People do their best work
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื
02:09
when they feel seen and supported by the people that they work for.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื ื•ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ื
02:14
Itโ€™s pretty simple.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
02:15
[Listen to parents]
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[ืชืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื]
02:17
Being a parent is often seen as a weakness in the workplace.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื” ื ืชืคืก ื›ื—ื•ืœืฉื” ืขโ€œื™ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
02:20
You come back and people make a lot of assumptions about you.
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ืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื›ื.
02:24
You're not invited to go on work trips
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ืืชื ืœื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
02:26
because assumptions are made that you donโ€™t want to do that,
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ื›ื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื,
02:29
or you canโ€™t.
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ืื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
02:30
And that can be really disempowering to people,
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:33
and itโ€™s really discouraging
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจืชื™ืข.
02:34
and it makes them --
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ื --
02:35
in a period of time thatโ€™s already stressful --
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฆื” --
02:39
can make you feel even worse.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจืข ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:40
[Talk to parents]
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[ืฉื•ื—ื—ื• ืขื ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื]
02:42
Asking a coworker about how things are going at home
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ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขืžื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
02:48
or with their kid,
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ืื• ืขื ื™ืœื“ื•,
02:49
making people feel like they donโ€™t have to hide that.
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
02:52
โ€œWhatโ€™s up with your two-year-old?โ€
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โ€œืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื›ื ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื?โ€
02:53
Ask to see a picture of their child.
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ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื.
02:55
[Be flexible]
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[ืชื”ื™ื• ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื]
02:57
For parents, the hours between 5-8pm are really crucial.
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ืืฆืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช.
03:03
Itโ€™s sometimes the only time you really have with your kids.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื›ื.
03:06
Youโ€™re often running to pick them up somewhere
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ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืืชื ืจืฆื™ื ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืื™ืคืฉื”ื•
03:08
or to relieve someone from doing childcare.
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ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืฉืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
03:10
I would much rather send a few emails at 8:30pm than be on a call at 5pm.
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจื™ื.
03:16
And so I think emphasizing and creating a culture of work
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
03:19
where itโ€™s the work that gets done,
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช,
03:21
the work is what matters,
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:24
the end result is what matters,
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ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:25
as opposed to tracking time in a traditional way,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ,
03:29
and opening up the lines of communication around that can be really beneficial.
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ืขืœืช.
03:33
Letting a coworker know that you have their back
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ืœืชืช ืœืขืžื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™
03:36
if they want to say that 4:45 doesnโ€™t work for them as a meeting time,
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ืฉืื ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืจื‘ืข ืœื—ืžืฉ ืื—ื”โ€œืฆ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื ืœืงื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
03:41
that youโ€™ll step in and say that you canโ€™t do it either, right?
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ืฉืชืชืขืจื‘ื• ื•ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉื’ื ืœื›ื ื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:44
Just something to show solidarity.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ืกื•ืœื™ื“ืจื™ื•ืช.
03:46
[Oh yeah ... ]
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[ืื•ื” ื›ืŸ..]
03:48
One other thing,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ,
03:49
as a former breastfeeding mother in an office place --
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ื›ืืžื ืžื ื™ืงื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ --
03:51
a pumping mother --
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ืืžื ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘ --
03:52
I should say that if you want to clean out your office fridge every now and then,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืื ืชื ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžืงืจืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื,
03:57
that is a really beautiful thing to do for a pumping mother,
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ื–ื• ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžื” ืœืืžื ืฉืฉื•ืื‘ืช ื—ืœื‘,
04:00
because I used to do that in my office.
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ื›ื™ ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“.
04:03
I would put my little cooler that had breast milk amid like
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืœื‘ ืื ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื™ื“
04:09
year-old bottles of salad dressing,
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืจื•ื˜ื‘ ืœืกืœื˜ ืฉืชื•ืงืคื ืคื’ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”,
04:11
pad thai that had become petrified,
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ืคืื“ ืชืื™ ืฉื”ืชืื‘ืŸ,
04:14
just gross stuff.
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ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ืขื™ืœื™ื.
04:16
And no one should have to do that, right?
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:18
Again, a very, very small thing
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื˜ืŸ
04:19
that makes a big difference in someoneโ€™s life.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื—ืจ.
04:21
In striving to be as efficient as possible,
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ื‘ืฉืื™ืคืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
04:24
as achieving,
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื,
04:25
as productive as possible,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ,
04:26
weโ€™ve drifted away from this notion of care
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ื”ืชืจื—ืงื ื• ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
04:30
and parenting being important work.
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ื•ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
04:33
But we need to talk about these things
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:35
and bring parenting and family life out into the open,
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ืœืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”,
04:40
because we can't fix problems that we don't see.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื.
04:44
We canโ€™t fix problems that we donโ€™t talk about.
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
04:46
It really doesnโ€™t have to be this hard
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืฉื”
04:49
and we can do much more to support people.
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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