Taryn Simon: The stories behind the bloodlines

55,315 views ใƒป 2012-04-18

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
This is Shivdutt Yadav,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ื•ื˜ ื™ืื“ืื‘,
00:18
and he's from Uttar Pradesh, India.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ื‘ืื•ื˜ืืจ ืคืจืื“ืฉ ืฉื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
00:21
Now Shivdutt was visiting the local land registry office
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ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืจืฉื ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
00:24
in Uttar Pradesh,
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ื‘ืื•ื˜ืืจ ืคืจืื“ืฉ,
00:26
and he discovered
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ื ื›ืžืช.
00:28
that official records were listing him as dead.
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00:30
His land was no longer registered
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ืื“ืžืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื•.
00:32
in his name.
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00:34
His brothers, Chandrabhan and Phoolchand,
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ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื•, ืฆ'ื ื“ืจืื‘ื”ืืŸ ื•ืคื•ืœืฆ'ืื ื“,
00:37
were also listed as dead.
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ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื›ืžืชื™ื.
00:39
Family members had bribed officials
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ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ืฉื™ื—ื“ื• ืืช ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื
00:41
to interrupt the hereditary transfer of land
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืœื” ื™ืงื˜ืขื• ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉื”
00:44
by having the brothers declared dead,
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ืข"ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืื—ื™ื ื›ืžืชื™ื,
00:46
allowing them to inherit
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืฉืช
00:48
their father's share of the ancestral farmland.
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ืืช ื—ืœืงื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื“ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
00:51
Because of this, all three brothers and their families
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ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื—ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื
00:54
had to vacate their home.
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ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ืชื™ื”ื.
00:57
According to the Yadav family,
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืื“ืื‘,
00:59
the local court has been scheduling a case review
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืงื‘ืข ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-2001,
01:01
since 2001,
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01:03
but a judge has never appeared.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืœื ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
01:06
There are several instances in Uttar Pradesh
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ื˜ืืจ ืคืจืื“ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื,
01:08
of people dying
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื ื‘ื“ืง ื›ืจืื•ื™.
01:10
before their case is given a proper review.
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01:13
Shivdutt's father's death and a want for his property
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ืžื•ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ื•ื˜ ื•ืชืื•ื•ืช-ื‘ืฆืข ืœืจื›ื•ืฉื•
01:16
led to this corruption.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื—ื™ืชื•ืช ื–ื•.
01:19
He was laid to rest in the Ganges River,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืžื ื•ื—ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื”ื’ื ื’ืก,
01:21
where the dead are cremated along the banks of the river
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ืฉื ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืจ
01:23
or tied to heavy stones and sunk in the water.
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ืื• ืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืกืœืขื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื.
01:27
Photographing these brothers
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ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœืช,
01:29
was a disorienting exchange
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01:31
because on paper they don't exist,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
01:33
and a photograph is so often used as an evidence of life.
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื.
01:36
Yet, these men remain dead.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ืชืจื• ืžืชื™ื.
01:39
This quandary led to the title of the project,
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ื”ื‘ืœื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”,
01:41
which considers in many ways
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ืฉืจื•ืื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืžืชื™ื-ื—ื™ื™ื
01:44
that we are all the living dead
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01:46
and that we in some ways represent
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ื•ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื
01:48
ghosts of the past and the future.
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ืืช ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
01:53
So this story is the first of 18 chapters
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืž-18 ืคืจืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”,
01:55
in my new body of work titled "A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters."
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"ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื–ื• ืžืชื™ื ื•ืคืจืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื".
02:00
And for this work,
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ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืกื™ื™ืจืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
02:02
I traveled around the world over a four-year period
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02:04
researching and recording bloodlines
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ื•ื—ืงืจืชื™ ื•ืชื™ืขื“ืชื™ ืฉื•ืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ
02:06
and their related stories.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
02:09
I was interested in ideas surrounding fate
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ
02:12
and whether our fate is determined
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ื•ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื’ื•ืจืœื ื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืžืจืืฉ
02:14
by blood, chance or circumstance.
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ืข"ื™ ืงืฉืจื™-ื“ื, ืžืงืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:19
The subjects I documented
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ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืชื™ืขื“ืชื™ ื”ืฉืชืจืขื• ืžืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
02:21
ranged from feuding families in Brazil
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02:23
to victims of genocide in Bosnia
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ื“ืจืš ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืฆื—-ืขื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”,
02:25
to the first woman to hijack an airplane
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ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ื—ื˜ืคื” ืžื˜ื•ืก
02:27
and the living dead in India.
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืžืชื™ื-ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•.
02:30
In each chapter, you can see the external forces
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจืง ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื
02:33
of governance, power and territory or religion
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืื• ื”ื“ืช
02:36
colliding with the internal forces
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ื”ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื
02:38
of psychological and physical inheritance.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
02:42
Each work that I make
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ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ืœืงื™ื.
02:44
is comprised of three segments.
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02:46
On the left are one or more portrait panels
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ืžืฉืžืืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื— ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:49
in which I systematically order
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ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžืกื“ืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
02:51
the members of a given bloodline.
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02:53
This is followed by a text panel, it's designed in scroll form,
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ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ื ืœื•ื— ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื’ืœืœืช,
02:56
in which I construct
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ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื”.
02:58
the narrative at stake.
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03:00
And then on the right is what I refer to as a footnote panel.
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ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื”ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™ ืœื•ื— "ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื".
03:03
It's a space that's more intuitive
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื—ื‘ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™
03:05
in which I present fragments of the story,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
03:07
beginnings of other stories, photographic evidence.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืœืžื•ืช.
03:10
And it's meant to kind of reflect
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœืฉืงืฃ
03:13
how we engage with histories or stories on the Internet,
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ืืช ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ืช.
03:15
in a less linear form.
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03:17
So it's more disordered.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืŸ.
03:19
And this disorder is in direct contrast
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ื•ื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื”
03:22
to the unalterable order of a bloodline.
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ืขื ืื•ืคื™ื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ื ื™ืชืŸ-ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ.
03:27
In my past projects I've often worked in serial form,
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ื‘ืžื™ื–ืžื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช,
03:30
documenting things that have
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ื•ืชื™ืขื“ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื-ืœื›ืื•ืจื”
03:32
the appearance of being comprehensive
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03:34
through a determined title and a determined presentation,
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ืขืงื‘ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื•ืฆื•ืจืช-ื”ื’ืฉื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžืจืืฉ,
03:37
but in fact, are fairly abstract.
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื.
03:40
In this project I wanted to work in the opposite direction
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ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื–ื” ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš
03:42
and find an absolute catalog,
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื–ื” ืงื˜ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื,
03:45
something that I couldn't interrupt, curate or edit by choice.
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื˜ื•ืข, ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ืื• ืœืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™.
03:49
This led me to blood.
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ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื“ื.
03:51
A bloodline is determined and ordered.
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ืื™ืœื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ื”ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจื™ื.
03:54
But the project centers
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ืืš ื”ืžื™ื–ื ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืื™-ืกื“ืจ --
03:56
on the collision of order and disorder --
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03:58
the order of blood butting up against the disorder
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ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืื™-ืกื“ืจ
04:01
represented in the often chaotic and violent stories
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ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื›ืื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืืœื™ืžื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช,
04:04
that are the subjects of my chapters.
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ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื™.
04:07
In chapter two, I photograph the descendants of Arthur Ruppin.
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ื‘ืคืจืง 2 ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ืฆืืฆืื™ ืืจืชื•ืจ ืจื•ืคื™ืŸ.
04:11
He was sent in 1907 to Palestine
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ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืœื— ืœืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื” ื‘-1907 ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช
04:14
by the Zionist organization
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04:16
to look at areas for Jewish settlement
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช
04:19
and acquire land for Jewish settlement.
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ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื“ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
04:22
He oversaw land acquisition
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ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืงื— ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืื“ืžื•ืช
04:24
on behalf of the Palestine Land Development Company
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ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื“ืžื•ืช ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื”
04:27
whose work led to the establishment
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ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
04:29
of a Jewish state.
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04:32
Through my research at the Zionist Archives in Jerusalem,
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืขืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื,
04:35
I wanted to look at the early paperwork
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช
04:37
of the establishment of the Jewish state.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
04:39
And I found these maps which you see here.
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ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
04:42
And these are studies
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื
04:44
commissioned by the Zionist organization
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ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช
04:46
for alternative areas for Jewish settlement.
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ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
04:48
In this, I was interested in the consequences
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
04:50
of geography
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04:52
and imagining how the world would be different
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”,
04:54
if Israel were in Uganda,
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืคื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืจืื•ืช.
04:57
which is what these maps demonstrate.
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04:59
These archives in Jerusalem,
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ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื”
05:01
they maintain a card index file
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05:03
of the earliest immigrants and applicants for immigration
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ืฉืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื”
05:06
to Palestine, and later Israel,
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ืœืคืœืฉืชื™ื ื”, ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืž-1919 ื•ืขื“ 1965.
05:08
from 1919 to 1965.
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05:13
Chapter three:
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ืคืจืง 3: ื’'ื•ื–ืฃ ื ื™ืืžื•ื•ืื ื“ื” ื’'ื•ืจื” ืื•ื ื“ื™ื’'ื•
05:15
Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Ondijo
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05:18
treated patients outside of Kisumu, Kenya
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ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืงื™ืกื•ืžื• ืฉื‘ืงื ื™ื”:
05:21
for AIDS, tuberculosis, infertility,
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ื—ื•ืœื™ ืื™ื™ื“ืก, ืฉื—ืคืช, ืขืงืจื•ืช, ื—ื•ืœื™ ื ืคืฉ, ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง.
05:24
mental illness, evil spirits.
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05:26
He's most often paid for his services
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื• ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•
05:29
in cash, cows or goats.
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ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ, ื‘ืคืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืขื™ื–ื™ื.
05:32
But sometimes when his female patients
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ืืš ืœืขืชื™ื, ื›ืฉืื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื• ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื•,
05:34
can't afford his services,
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05:36
their families give the women to Jura
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ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื’'ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
05:39
in exchange for medical treatment.
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05:41
As a result of these transactions,
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืขื™ืกืงืื•ืช ืืœื”,
05:43
Jura has nine wives,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื’'ื•ืจื” ืชืฉืข ื ืฉื™ื,
05:45
32 children
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32 ื™ืœื“ื™ื
05:47
and 63 grandchildren.
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ื•-63 ื ื›ื“ื™ื.
05:49
In his bloodline you see the children and grandchildren here.
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ื‘ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืฉืœื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ื•ื ื›ื“ื™ื•.
05:54
Two of his wives were brought to him
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืžื ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืืœื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืขืงืจื•ืช
05:56
suffering from infertility
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05:58
and he cured them,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื™ืคื ืื•ืชืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:01
three for evil spirits,
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ - ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง,
06:03
one for an asthmatic condition and severe chest pain
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ืื—ืช ืกื‘ืœื” ืžืงืฆืจืช ื•ืžื›ืื‘ื™ ื—ื–ื” ืงืฉื™ื
06:06
and two wives Ondijo claims he took for love,
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื•ื ื“ื™ื’'ื• ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉื ืžืชื•ืš ืื”ื‘ื”
06:09
paying their families a total of 16 cows.
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ื•ืฉื™ืœื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืกืš-ื”ื›ืœ 16 ืคืจื•ืช.
06:12
One wife deserted him
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ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ื ื˜ืฉื” ืื•ืชื•
06:14
and another passed away during treatment for evil spirits.
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ื•ืื—ืจืช ื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง.
06:18
Polygamy is widely practiced in Kenya.
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื” ื ืคื•ืฆื” ืžืื“ ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
06:21
It's common among a privileged class
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ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืขืžื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ืก
06:23
capable of paying numerous dowries
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืœื ื ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื™ื.
06:25
and keeping multiple homes.
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06:27
Instances of prominent social and political figures
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ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช-ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื•ืช
06:30
in polygamous relationships
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06:32
has led to the perception of polygamy
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืคื•ืœื™ื’ืžื™ื” ื ืชืคืฉืช ื›ืกืžืœ ืœืขื•ืฉืจ, ืžืขืžื“ ื•ื›ื•ื—.
06:35
as a symbol of wealth, status and power.
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06:40
You may notice in several of the chapters that I photographed
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืžื” ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™
06:43
there are empty portraits.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืจื™ืงื™ื.
06:45
These empty portraits represent individuals,
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ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื,
06:47
living individuals, who couldn't be present.
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ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื.
06:50
And the reasons for their absence are given in my text panel.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื“ืจื ื ืžืกืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.
06:53
They include dengue fever,
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ: ืงื“ื—ืช ื“ื ื’ื™, ืžืืกืจ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™,
06:55
imprisonment, army service,
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06:57
women not allowed to be photographed
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ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืœื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
06:59
for religious and cultural reasons.
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07:02
And in this particular chapter,
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ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ืžืกื•ื™ื ื–ื”,
07:04
it's children whose mothers
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืืžื”ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืืชืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื
07:06
wouldn't allow them to travel to the photographic shoot
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07:08
for fear that their fathers would kidnap them during it.
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ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ื—ื˜ืคื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื.
-ืคืจืง 4-
07:14
Twenty-four European rabbits
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ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื
07:16
were brought to Australia in 1859
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ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘-1859 ืœืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ืข"ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™
07:18
by a British settler
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07:20
for sporting purposes, for hunting.
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ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื“.
07:23
And within a hundred years,
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ื•ืชื•ืš ืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื,
07:25
that population of 24 had exploded to half a billion.
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ืื•ืชื 24 ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ืชืขืฆืžื• ืœื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“.
07:29
The European rabbit has no natural predators in Australia,
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ืœืืจื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื,
07:32
and it competes with native wildlife
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
07:34
and damages native plants
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ืžื–ื™ืง ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข.
07:36
and degrades the land.
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07:38
Since the 1950s,
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ืžืื– ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50,
07:40
Australia has been introducing lethal diseases
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ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
07:43
into the wild rabbit population
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07:45
to control growth.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื”.
07:47
These rabbits were bred at a government facility,
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ืื ืจื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™,
07:50
Biosecurity Queensland,
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"ื‘ื™ื•ืกืงื™ื•ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืกืœื ื“",
07:52
where they bred three bloodlines of rabbits
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ืฉื‘ื• ื˜ื•ืคื—ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื•ืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
07:54
and have infected them with a lethal disease
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ื”ื“ื‘ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื—ืœื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ื—ื”
07:56
and are monitoring their progress
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07:58
to see if it will effectively kill them.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื–ื” ื™ื”ืจื•ื’ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
08:01
So they're testing its virulence.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื™ื.
08:03
During the course of this trial, all of the rabbits died,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
08:06
except for a few, which were euthanized.
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ืคืจื˜ ืœืื—ื“ื™ื, ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืžืชืช ื—ืกื“.
08:09
Haigh's Chocolate,
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"ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ื”ื™ื™ื–", ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื "ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ื” ืžืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื",
08:11
in collaboration
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08:13
with the Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia,
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08:16
stopped all production of the Easter Bunny in chocolate
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ืขืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืกื—ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“
08:19
and has replaced it with the Easter Bilby.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื ื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื™ ื”ืคืกื—ื.
08:22
Now this was done to counter
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ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช-ื ื’ื“ ืœื—ื’ ื”ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™,
08:24
the annual celebration of rabbits
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08:26
and presumably make the public more comfortable
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ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ื— ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื’ ื”ืืจื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื
08:28
with the killing of rabbits
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08:30
and promote an animal that's native to Australia,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ื—ื™ื” ืื•ืกื˜ืจืœื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:32
and actually an animal that is threatened
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ื™ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืืจื ื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™.
08:34
by the European rabbit.
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08:38
In chapter seven, I focus on the effects
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ื‘ืคืจืง 7 ืื ื™ ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืจืฆื—-ืขื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืื—ืช.
08:40
of a genocidal act
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08:42
on one bloodline.
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08:44
So over a two-day period,
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ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
08:46
six individuals from this bloodline
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ืฉื™ืฉื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื–ื•
08:48
were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
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ื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืกืจื‘ืจื ื™ืฆื”.
08:50
This is the only work
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ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
08:52
in which I visually represent the dead.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช.
08:54
But I only represent those
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ืืš ืื ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืจืง ืืช ืืœื” ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืกืจื‘ืจื ื™ืฆื”,
08:56
that were killed in the Srebrenica massacre,
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08:58
which is recorded as the largest mass murder in Europe
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ืฉืชื•ืขื“ ื›ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
09:01
since the Second World War.
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ืžืื– ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
09:04
And during this massacre,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื˜ื‘ื— ื”ื–ื”,
09:06
8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys
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8,000 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื”ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช.
09:08
were systematically executed.
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09:11
So when you look at a detail of this work,
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ื•ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:14
you can see, the man on the upper-left
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืขืœื”
09:16
is the father of the woman sitting next to him.
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ื”ื•ื ืื‘ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืœื™ื“ื•.
09:18
Her name is Zumra.
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ืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืžืจื”.
09:20
She is followed by her four children,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”,
09:23
all of whom were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืจืฆื—ื• ื‘ื˜ื‘ื— ืฉืœ ืกืจื‘ืจื ื™ืฆื”.
09:26
Following those four children is Zumra's younger sister
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ืœื™ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืื—ื•ืชื” ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืžืจื”
09:29
who is then followed by her children
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ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื”-ืฉืœื”, ืฉื ืจืฆื—ื• ื’ื ื”ื.
09:31
who were killed as well.
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09:34
During the time I was in Bosnia,
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”,
09:36
the mortal remains of Zumra's eldest son
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ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคืช ื‘ื ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ืžืจื” ื—ื•ืœืฆื• ืžืงื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื
09:38
were exhumed from a mass grave.
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09:40
And I was therefore able to photograph
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ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืœืฆืœื ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืœื•ืื.
09:42
the fully assembled remains.
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09:44
However, the other individuals
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช,
09:46
are represented by these blue slides,
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09:48
which show tooth and bone samples
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ืฉืžืจืื•ืช ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืขืฆืžื•ืช
09:50
that were matched to DNA evidence collected from family members
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ืฉื”ื•ืชืืžื• ืœืจืื™ื•ืช ื“ื "ื ืฉื ืืกืคื• ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
09:53
to prove they were the identities
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื”.
09:55
of those individuals.
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09:57
They've all been given a proper burial,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ืช,
09:59
so what remains are these blue slides
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืจืง ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
10:01
at the International Commission for Missing Persons.
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
10:06
These are personal effects
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžืงื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื
10:08
dug up from a mass grave
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10:10
that are awaiting identification from family members
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ื•ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืข"ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
10:13
and graffiti at the Potochari battery factory,
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ื•ืืœื” ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื’ืจืคื™ื˜ื™ ืžืžืคืขืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื˜ื•ืฆ'ืืจื™,
10:16
which was where the Dutch U.N. soldiers were staying,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ืื•"ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื™ื,
10:19
and also the Serbian soldiers later
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ื•ืื—ืจ ื’ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช-ืœื”ื•ืจื’.
10:21
during the times of the executions.
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10:25
This is video footage used at the Milosevic trial,
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ื–ื”ื• ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื•ืฉื‘ื™ืฅ,
10:27
which from top to bottom
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ืฉืžืจืื”, ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”, ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช "ืขืงืจื‘ื™ื" ืกืจื‘ื™ืช
10:29
shows a Serbian scorpion unit
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10:31
being blessed by an Orthodox priest
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ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจืชื•ื“ื•ื›ืกื™
10:34
before rounding up the boys and men
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ื‘ื˜ืจื ืืกืคื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืจืฆื—ื• ืื•ืชื.
10:36
and killing them.
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10:40
Chapter 15 is more of a performance piece.
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ืคืจืง 15 ืขื•ืกืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืžื‘ื•ื™ืžืช.
10:44
I solicited China's State Council Information Office in 2009
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฉื“ืœ ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘-2009
10:48
to select a multi-generational bloodline
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ืจื‘-ื“ื•ืจื™ืช ืื—ืช
10:51
to represent China for this project.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืกื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”.
10:54
They chose a large family from Beijing for its size,
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ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืคืงื™ื ื’, ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœื”,
10:57
and they declined to give me
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ื•ืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื.
10:59
any further reasoning for their choice.
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11:01
This is one of the rare situations
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืจื™ืงื™ื.
11:03
where I have no empty portraits.
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11:05
Everyone showed up.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื• ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื.
11:07
You can also see the evolution of the one-child-only policy
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื’ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื™ืœื“ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”"
11:10
as it travels through the bloodline.
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ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืฉืœืช.
11:14
Previously known as the Department of Foreign Propaganda,
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ืฉืžื• ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื”: "ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืชืขืžื•ืœื” ื–ืจื”";
11:17
the State Council Information Office
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ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ืœ ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืŸ.
11:20
is responsible for all of China's external publicity operations.
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11:24
It controls all foreign media and image production
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืกื™ืŸ.
11:27
outside of China
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11:29
from foreign media working within China.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืกื™ืŸ.
11:31
It also monitors the Internet
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
11:33
and instructs local media
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ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
11:35
on how to handle any potentially controversial issues,
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ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™,
11:38
including Tibet, ethnic minorities,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ื˜, ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืืชื ื™ื™ื, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื“ืช,
11:41
Human Rights, religion,
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11:43
democracy movements and terrorism.
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ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
11:46
For the footnote panel in this work,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื•ื— ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•,
11:49
this office instructed me
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืฆืœื
11:51
to photograph their central television tower in Beijing.
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ืืช ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื™ื’'ื™ื ื’.
11:54
And I also photographed the gift bag they gave me
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ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื’ื ืืช ืฉืงื™ืช ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ื›ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื™.
11:56
when I left.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
-ืคืจืง 11-
12:02
These are the descendants of Hans Frank
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืฆืืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืก ืคืจื ืง,
12:04
who was Hitler's personal legal advisor
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ
12:07
and governor general of occupied Poland.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ืฉื”.
12:10
Now this bloodline includes numerous empty portraits,
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ืื™ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ืจื™ืงื™ื,
12:13
highlighting a complex relationship
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ืฉืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ืช ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™.
12:15
to one's family history.
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12:18
The reasons for these absences
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืกื™ืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ.
12:20
include people who declined participation.
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12:23
There's also parents who participated
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื•
12:26
who wouldn't let their children participate
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ืืš ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ
12:28
because they thought they were too young to decide for themselves.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
12:31
Another section of the family
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ื—ืœืง ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื–ื•
12:33
presented their clothing, as opposed to their physical presence,
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ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
12:36
because they didn't want to be identified
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช
12:38
with the past that I was highlighting.
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ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืœื˜ืชื™.
12:40
And finally, another individual
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื“ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื’ื‘ื• ืืœื™,
12:42
sat for me from behind
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12:44
and later rescinded his participation,
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ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื•,
12:46
so I had to pixelate him out so he's unrecognizable.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœืคืงืกืœ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื–ื•ื”ื”.
12:52
In the footnote panel that accompanies this work
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ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืœื•ื•ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ื•
12:54
I photographed an official Adolph Hitler postage stamp
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ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ื•ืœ-ื“ื•ืืจ ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ
12:58
and an imitation of that stamp
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืง ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™
13:00
produced by British Intelligence
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13:02
with Hans Frank's image on it.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืชืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืก ืคืจื ืง.
13:04
It was released in Poland
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืฅ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ
13:06
to create friction between Frank and Hitler,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื ืง ื•ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ,
13:08
so that Hitler would imagine
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืคืจื ืง ืžื ืกื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื•.
13:10
Frank was trying to usurp his power.
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13:14
Again, talking about fate,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ,
13:16
I was interested in the stories and fate
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœืŸ
13:18
of particular works of art.
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืืžื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.
13:20
These paintings were taken by Hans Frank
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื’ื ื‘ื• ืข"ื™ ื”ื ืก ืคืจื ืง
13:23
during the time of the Third Reich.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
13:25
And I'm interested in the impact of their absence and presence through time.
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ื•ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื“ืจืŸ ื•ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื.
13:29
They are Leonardo da Vinci's "Lady With an Ermine,"
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ืืœื• ื”ื "ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืœื“" ืฉืœ ืœืื•ื ืจื“ื• ื“ื”-ื•ื™ื ืฆ'ื™,
13:32
Rembrandt's "Landscape With Good Samaritan"
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"ื ื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘" ืฉืœ ืจืžื‘ืจื ื“ื˜
13:35
and Raphael's "Portrait of a Youth,"
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ื•"ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ" ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ,
13:37
which has never been found.
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ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื•ืชืจ.
13:41
Chapter 12 highlights
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ืคืจืง 12 ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื
13:43
people being born into a battle that is not of their making,
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœื ื”ื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื•,
13:46
but becomes their own.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉืœื”ื.
13:48
So this is the Ferraz family
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืคืจืื– ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ื•ื‘ืื–,
13:50
and the Novaes family.
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13:52
And they are in an active blood feud.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื“ืžื™ื.
13:55
This feud has been going on since 1991
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ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืžืื– 1991
13:58
in Northeast Brazil in Pernambuco,
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ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ื‘ืคืจื ืžื‘ื•ืงื•,
14:01
and it involved the deaths
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืžืชื• 20 ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช
14:03
of 20 members of the families
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14:05
and 40 others associated with the feud,
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ื•-40 ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ืกื•ืš,
14:07
including hired hit men, innocent bystanders
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจื•ืฆื— ืฉื›ื™ืจ, ืขื•ื‘ืจื™-ืื•ืจื— ื—ืคื™ื ืžืคืฉืข
14:10
and friends.
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ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ื.
14:13
Tensions between these two families date back to 1913
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ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘-1913,
14:16
when there was a dispute over local political power.
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ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื™.
14:19
But it got violent in the last two decades
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ืืš ื–ื” ืœื‘ืฉ ืื•ืคื™ ืืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
14:22
and includes decapitation
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืขืจื™ืคืช ืจืืฉื™ื ื•ืืช ืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืจืืฉื™ ืขืจื™ื.
14:24
and the death of two mayors.
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14:26
Installed into a protective wall
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ื‘ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ืก ื ื•ื‘ืื–,
14:28
surrounding the suburban home of Louis Novaes,
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14:31
who's the head of the Novaes family,
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ืจืืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื ื•ื‘ืื–,
14:33
are these turret holes,
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ืžื•ืชืงื ื™ื ื—ืจื›ื™ ื™ืจื™ ืืœื”, ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืœื™ืจื™ ื•ืœืชืฆืคื™ืช.
14:35
which were used for shooting and looking.
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14:38
Brazil's northeast state of Pernambuco
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ืคืจื ืžื‘ื•ืงื•, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ,
14:41
is one of the nation's most violent regions.
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ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
14:44
It's rooted in a principle of retributive justice,
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ืžื•ืฉืจืฉ ื‘ื” ืžืื“ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ื’ืžื•ืœื™,
14:46
or an eye for an eye,
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ืื• ืขื™ืŸ ืชื—ืช ืขื™ืŸ,
14:48
so retaliatory killings
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืžืขืฉื”-ื ืงื
14:50
have led to several deaths in the area.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
14:53
This story, like many of the stories in my chapters,
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื–ื”, ื›ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืงื™ื ืฉืœื™,
14:56
reads almost as an archetypal episode,
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ื ืงืจื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ืœื”,
14:59
like something out of Shakespeare,
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ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ,
15:01
that's happening now and will happen again in the future.
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ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
15:04
I'm interested in these ideas of repetition.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื”.
15:09
So after I returned home, I received word
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”
15:11
that one member of the family
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15:13
had been shot 30 times in the face.
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ื ื•ืจื” 30 ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื•.
15:18
Chapter 17
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ืคืจืง 17
15:20
is an exploration of the absence of a bloodline
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ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ืื™ืœืŸ-ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ
15:23
and the absence of a history.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืขื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจ.
15:25
Children at this Ukrainian orphanage
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ื™ืœื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื”ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ 6 ืขื“ 16.
15:27
are between the ages of six and 16.
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15:30
This piece is ordered by age
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืœ
15:32
because it can't be ordered by blood.
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ื›ื™ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื“ืจื• ืœืคื™ ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื“ื.
15:34
In a 12-month period when I was at the orphanage,
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ื‘ื›ืœ 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื,
15:37
only one child had been adopted.
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ืื•ืžืฅ ืจืง ื™ืœื“ ืื—ื“.
15:40
Children have to leave the orphanage at age 16,
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 16,
15:43
despite the fact that there's often nowhere for them to go.
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ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืœ ืžื™ ืœืœื›ืช.
15:48
It's commonly reported in Ukraine
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ื‘ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื” ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
15:50
that children, when leaving the orphanage
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ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉืขื ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื
15:52
are targeted for human trafficking,
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ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื™ืขื“ ืœืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื,
15:54
child pornography and prostitution.
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ื•ืœืคื•ืจื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื–ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
15:57
Many have to turn to criminal activity for their survival,
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“,
16:00
and high rates of suicide are recorded.
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ื•ื’ื ืชื•ืขื“ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
16:05
This is a boys' bedroom.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื.
16:07
There's an insufficient supply of beds at the orphanage
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื—ืžื™ื.
16:09
and not enough warm clothing.
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16:11
Children bathe infrequently
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช
16:13
because the hot water isn't turned on until October.
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ื›ื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ.
16:16
This is a girls' bedroom.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช.
16:18
And the director listed the orphanage's most urgent needs
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ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื
16:22
as an industrial size washing machine and dryer,
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ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื•ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื,
16:25
four vacuum cleaners, two computers,
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ืืจื‘ืขื” ืฉื•ืื‘ื™-ืื‘ืง, ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
16:27
a video projector, a copy machine,
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ืžืงืจืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ื,
16:30
winter shoes and a dentist's drill.
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ื ืขืœื™ ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ืžืงื“ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคื ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.
16:33
This photograph, which I took at the orphanage of one of the classrooms,
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ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื–ื”, ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื•ืžื™ื,
16:37
shows a sign which I had translated when I got home.
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ืžืจืื” ืฉืœื˜, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืชืจื’ืžืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
16:40
And it reads: "Those who do not know their past
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ื”ืฉืœื˜ ืื•ืžืจ: "ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ืจื•
16:43
are not worthy of their future."
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"ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“ื•."
16:47
There are many more chapters in this project.
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ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืคืจืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื”.
16:49
This is just an abridged rendering
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ื–ื• ืจืง ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
16:51
of over a thousand images.
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16:53
And this mass pile of images and stories
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ื•ืขืจื™ืžืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื ืงื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช
16:56
forms an archive.
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ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืจื›ื™ื•ืŸ.
16:58
And within this accumulation of images and texts,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ื,
17:01
I'm struggling to find patterns
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ืื ื™ ื ืื‘ืงืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช
17:03
and imagine that the narratives that surround the lives we lead
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ื•ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ืช ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืกื•ื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
17:07
are just as coded as blood itself.
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ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืคืŸ, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื“ื ืขืฆืžื.
17:11
But archives exist
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
17:13
because there's something that can't necessarily be articulated.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื˜ืื• ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
17:16
Something is said in the gaps
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ื“ื‘ืจ-ืžื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืขืจื™ื
17:18
between all the information that's collected.
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ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืืกืคื ื• -
17:21
And there's this relentless persistence
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ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืžื“ื” ื”ืขืงืฉื ื™ืช
17:24
of birth and death
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ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื•ืช
17:26
and an unending collection of stories in between.
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ื•ื”ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
17:29
It's almost machine-like
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื”:
17:31
the way people are born and people die,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžืชื™ื,
17:33
and the stories keep coming and coming.
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ื•ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
17:36
And in this, I'm considering,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”
17:39
is this actual accumulation
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ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”,
17:41
leading to some sort of evolution,
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17:44
or are we on repeat
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ ื”ืงืœื˜ื”,
17:46
over and over again?
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘?
17:49
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
17:51
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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