Taryn Simon: The stories behind the bloodlines

54,853 views ・ 2012-04-18

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譯者: I-Hsiang Lin 審譯者: Xiaojing Zheng
00:16
This is Shivdutt Yadav,
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這是Shivdutt Yadav,
00:18
and he's from Uttar Pradesh, India.
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他來自印度的烏塔普拉德許州。
00:21
Now Shivdutt was visiting the local land registry office
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當Shivdutt去烏塔普拉德許州的
00:24
in Uttar Pradesh,
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戶政事務所時,
00:26
and he discovered
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他發現
00:28
that official records were listing him as dead.
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官方紀錄記載他已經死亡。
00:30
His land was no longer registered
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而且他的土地已經
00:32
in his name.
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沒有登記在他名下。
00:34
His brothers, Chandrabhan and Phoolchand,
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他的兄弟,Chandrabhan和Phoolchand,
00:37
were also listed as dead.
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也被列為死亡。
00:39
Family members had bribed officials
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家庭成員賄絡官員,
00:41
to interrupt the hereditary transfer of land
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為了阻斷土地的祖傳轉移權,
00:44
by having the brothers declared dead,
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透過宣告父親兄弟的死亡,
00:46
allowing them to inherit
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允許他們繼承
00:48
their father's share of the ancestral farmland.
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分配給他們父親的祖產。
00:51
Because of this, all three brothers and their families
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正因為如此,這三個兄弟和他們的家庭
00:54
had to vacate their home.
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必須從家中撤離。
00:57
According to the Yadav family,
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根據Yadav家人的說法,
00:59
the local court has been scheduling a case review
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自從2001年,當地法院已經安排要
01:01
since 2001,
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重審此案件,
01:03
but a judge has never appeared.
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但是法官都不曾出庭。
01:06
There are several instances in Uttar Pradesh
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在烏塔普拉德許州,
01:08
of people dying
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很多人在去世前,
01:10
before their case is given a proper review.
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他們的案子都沒被妥善審閱過。
01:13
Shivdutt's father's death and a want for his property
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Shivdutt父親的死亡和兄弟覬覦他的財產
01:16
led to this corruption.
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導致這種腐敗。
01:19
He was laid to rest in the Ganges River,
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他最後在恆河安息,
01:21
where the dead are cremated along the banks of the river
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死者在河岸被火葬,
01:23
or tied to heavy stones and sunk in the water.
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或者被綁上重石沉到河水中。
01:27
Photographing these brothers
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拍攝這些兄弟的照片
01:29
was a disorienting exchange
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是種令人感到困惑的交流,
01:31
because on paper they don't exist,
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因為在紀錄上他們不存在,
01:33
and a photograph is so often used as an evidence of life.
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但照片經常被用來當作生命的證據。
01:36
Yet, these men remain dead.
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然而,這些人還是被視為已死亡。
01:39
This quandary led to the title of the project,
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這種窘境引出了這個企畫案的名稱,
01:41
which considers in many ways
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從很多方面想,
01:44
that we are all the living dead
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我們都是活著的死人,
01:46
and that we in some ways represent
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並且在某些層面,我們代表的是
01:48
ghosts of the past and the future.
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過去和未來的鬼魂。
01:53
So this story is the first of 18 chapters
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這是我共十八章節的新作品
01:55
in my new body of work titled "A Living Man Declared Dead and Other Chapters."
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《被宣告死亡的活人和其它章節》中的第一章。
02:00
And for this work,
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為了這部作品,
02:02
I traveled around the world over a four-year period
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我花了四年的時間旅居世界各地,
02:04
researching and recording bloodlines
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研究和記錄血脉,
02:06
and their related stories.
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還有它們的相關故事。
02:09
I was interested in ideas surrounding fate
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我所感興趣的議題包括命運
02:12
and whether our fate is determined
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以及我們的命運是否取決於
02:14
by blood, chance or circumstance.
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血統、運氣或情形。
02:19
The subjects I documented
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我紀錄的主題
02:21
ranged from feuding families in Brazil
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包含了從巴西的世仇家庭,
02:23
to victims of genocide in Bosnia
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到波士尼亞大屠殺受難者,
02:25
to the first woman to hijack an airplane
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再到第一位劫機的女性
02:27
and the living dead in India.
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以及印度的活死人。
02:30
In each chapter, you can see the external forces
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在每個章節,你可以看到來自統治力、
02:33
of governance, power and territory or religion
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權力、領土或者宗教的外在強迫力,
02:36
colliding with the internal forces
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與心理和身理所繼承的內在力量
02:38
of psychological and physical inheritance.
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相互衝突。
02:42
Each work that I make
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我的每個作品
02:44
is comprised of three segments.
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由三部分組成。
02:46
On the left are one or more portrait panels
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最左邊的展示嵌板有一幅或者多幅肖像,
02:49
in which I systematically order
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我將同一血統中的成員
02:51
the members of a given bloodline.
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做有系統的排列。
02:53
This is followed by a text panel, it's designed in scroll form,
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中間是設計成卷軸般橫行排列的文字嵌板,
02:56
in which I construct
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用來展現
02:58
the narrative at stake.
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正處緊要關頭的故事。
03:00
And then on the right is what I refer to as a footnote panel.
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右邊則是我作補充說明的嵌板。
03:03
It's a space that's more intuitive
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我憑直覺創作,
03:05
in which I present fragments of the story,
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呈現故事的片段,
03:07
beginnings of other stories, photographic evidence.
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其它故事的起源,照片證據。
03:10
And it's meant to kind of reflect
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有點像是反映了
03:13
how we engage with histories or stories on the Internet,
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我們如何在網路上汲取歷史和故事時的狀態
03:15
in a less linear form.
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是較非線性的形式。
03:17
So it's more disordered.
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較為雜亂的。
03:19
And this disorder is in direct contrast
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而這種雜序和無法更改的血脉順序
03:22
to the unalterable order of a bloodline.
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直接形成對比。
03:27
In my past projects I've often worked in serial form,
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我過去的作品通常是用順序排列,
03:30
documenting things that have
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紀錄一些
03:32
the appearance of being comprehensive
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透過明確的標題和清楚的展示
03:34
through a determined title and a determined presentation,
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可讓人充分理解的事物。
03:37
but in fact, are fairly abstract.
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但事實上,這些是相當抽象的。
03:40
In this project I wanted to work in the opposite direction
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我想反向製作這個作品,
03:42
and find an absolute catalog,
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找到絕對的編錄順序,
03:45
something that I couldn't interrupt, curate or edit by choice.
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讓我無法選擇如何打斷,策劃或編輯。
03:49
This led me to blood.
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於是我找到血脉。
03:51
A bloodline is determined and ordered.
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血脉是已決定且有一定順序的。
03:54
But the project centers
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但是這個策劃的焦點在於
03:56
on the collision of order and disorder --
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有序和混亂的衝突 --
03:58
the order of blood butting up against the disorder
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血統的有條不紊和
04:01
represented in the often chaotic and violent stories
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時常混亂且暴力的故事所展現的雜亂互相牴觸,
04:04
that are the subjects of my chapters.
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成了這些章節的主題。
04:07
In chapter two, I photograph the descendants of Arthur Ruppin.
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在第二章,我拍攝了Arthur Ruppin的子孫。
04:11
He was sent in 1907 to Palestine
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他在1907年被錫安主義者(擁護猶太教復國)的組織
04:14
by the Zionist organization
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送往巴勒斯坦
04:16
to look at areas for Jewish settlement
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目的是找尋猶太人安身的地方
04:19
and acquire land for Jewish settlement.
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且獲得土地。
04:22
He oversaw land acquisition
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他代表巴勒斯坦土地發展公司
04:24
on behalf of the Palestine Land Development Company
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監管收購土地,
04:27
whose work led to the establishment
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而這公司的經營是為了建立一個
04:29
of a Jewish state.
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猶太人的國家。
04:32
Through my research at the Zionist Archives in Jerusalem,
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當我在耶路撒冷的錫安主義中央檔案館做研究時,
04:35
I wanted to look at the early paperwork
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我想要查看猶太人建國的
04:37
of the establishment of the Jewish state.
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早期文史資料。
04:39
And I found these maps which you see here.
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然後我找到這些你現在看到的地圖。
04:42
And these are studies
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這些所作研究
04:44
commissioned by the Zionist organization
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受擁護錫安主義組織委任,
04:46
for alternative areas for Jewish settlement.
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目的是找尋讓猶太人安頓的替代地區。
04:48
In this, I was interested in the consequences
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在這過程中,我對地理的結果
04:50
of geography
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很感興趣,
04:52
and imagining how the world would be different
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我想像如果以色列是在烏干達,
04:54
if Israel were in Uganda,
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就像是這些地圖所展示這般,
04:57
which is what these maps demonstrate.
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這個世界將會有多不一樣。
04:59
These archives in Jerusalem,
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在耶路撒冷的這些檔案中心,
05:01
they maintain a card index file
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他們用卡片索引編排檔案,
05:03
of the earliest immigrants and applicants for immigration
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記錄這些最早移民和移民申請者
05:06
to Palestine, and later Israel,
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到巴勒斯坦,再到以色列的人們,
05:08
from 1919 to 1965.
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從1919到1965年間。
05:13
Chapter three:
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第三章:
05:15
Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Ondijo
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Joseph Nyamwanda Jura Ondijo
05:18
treated patients outside of Kisumu, Kenya
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在肯亞的基蘇木市外郊行醫,
05:21
for AIDS, tuberculosis, infertility,
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治療愛滋病,結核病,不孕症,
05:24
mental illness, evil spirits.
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精神疾病,邪靈附身。
05:26
He's most often paid for his services
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通常病人付現金,給牛牲或羊隻,
05:29
in cash, cows or goats.
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作為看診費用。
05:32
But sometimes when his female patients
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但有時候,當他的女性患者
05:34
can't afford his services,
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無法負擔看診費用時,
05:36
their families give the women to Jura
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她們的家人會將這位女性送給Jura
05:39
in exchange for medical treatment.
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以交換取得醫學治療。
05:41
As a result of these transactions,
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這些交易的結果是,
05:43
Jura has nine wives,
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Jura有9位妻子,
05:45
32 children
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32位小孩
05:47
and 63 grandchildren.
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還有63位孫子。
05:49
In his bloodline you see the children and grandchildren here.
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你可以在他的血脉中看到他的小孩和孫子。
05:54
Two of his wives were brought to him
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他的兩位妻子當初是因為有不孕症
05:56
suffering from infertility
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被送給他治療,
05:58
and he cured them,
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然後他治癒了她們,
06:01
three for evil spirits,
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三個是因為被邪靈附體,
06:03
one for an asthmatic condition and severe chest pain
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一個是因為氣喘和嚴重的胸痛,
06:06
and two wives Ondijo claims he took for love,
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還有兩個是Ondijo因為愛而娶來的,
06:09
paying their families a total of 16 cows.
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付給她們的家人總共16頭牛。
06:12
One wife deserted him
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一個拋棄他
06:14
and another passed away during treatment for evil spirits.
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還有一個在驅趕邪靈的療程中過世。
06:18
Polygamy is widely practiced in Kenya.
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一夫多妻制在肯亞很常見。
06:21
It's common among a privileged class
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這在有特權的階級中很普遍,
06:23
capable of paying numerous dowries
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他們可給予豐厚嫁妝
06:25
and keeping multiple homes.
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還有同時養活很多家庭。
06:27
Instances of prominent social and political figures
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實施一夫多妻制的很多是
06:30
in polygamous relationships
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著名的社會或政治人物,
06:32
has led to the perception of polygamy
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導致一夫多妻制被視為
06:35
as a symbol of wealth, status and power.
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財富,地位和權力的象徵。
06:40
You may notice in several of the chapters that I photographed
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你可能注意到在很多我列出照片的章節裡,
06:43
there are empty portraits.
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有些是沒有人的照片。
06:45
These empty portraits represent individuals,
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這些沒有人的照片代表的是不同的個體,
06:47
living individuals, who couldn't be present.
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還在世但不能現身的人們。
06:50
And the reasons for their absence are given in my text panel.
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他們缺席的原因皆記載在文字嵌板上,
06:53
They include dengue fever,
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其中包含罹患登革熱、
06:55
imprisonment, army service,
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被監禁,服兵役,
06:57
women not allowed to be photographed
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因為宗教或者文化因素
06:59
for religious and cultural reasons.
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而不允許被拍照的女人們。
07:02
And in this particular chapter,
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而在這特別的章節裡,
07:04
it's children whose mothers
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空白的照片是那些小孩們
07:06
wouldn't allow them to travel to the photographic shoot
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因為他們的母親不允許孩子前往拍照地點,
07:08
for fear that their fathers would kidnap them during it.
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怕孩子的父親會在中途綁架他們。
07:14
Twenty-four European rabbits
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第六章: 在1859時,一位英國的拓荒者
07:16
were brought to Australia in 1859
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帶了24隻歐洲的兔子
07:18
by a British settler
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去澳洲,
07:20
for sporting purposes, for hunting.
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為的是運動用途和打獵。
07:23
And within a hundred years,
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在一百年之內,
07:25
that population of 24 had exploded to half a billion.
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兔子的數量從24隻爆增到5億。
07:29
The European rabbit has no natural predators in Australia,
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在澳洲,歐洲來的兔子沒有天敵,
07:32
and it competes with native wildlife
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兔子和當地野生動物競爭,
07:34
and damages native plants
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破壞當地的植物
07:36
and degrades the land.
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和降低土地品質。
07:38
Since the 1950s,
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自從1950年起,
07:40
Australia has been introducing lethal diseases
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澳洲人開始將致命的疾病
07:43
into the wild rabbit population
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傳入野生兔子族群中
07:45
to control growth.
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目的是控制其成長。
07:47
These rabbits were bred at a government facility,
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政府機關 昆士蘭州生物安全疫檢部門
07:50
Biosecurity Queensland,
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培育這些兔子。
07:52
where they bred three bloodlines of rabbits
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他們養育了三種血統的兔子,
07:54
and have infected them with a lethal disease
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而且讓牠們感染致命的疾病,
07:56
and are monitoring their progress
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監控牠們的成長,
07:58
to see if it will effectively kill them.
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以驗證此疾病可否有效地殺害牠們。
08:01
So they're testing its virulence.
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他們在測試它的毒性。
08:03
During the course of this trial, all of the rabbits died,
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在測試的過程中,全部的兔子都死了,
08:06
except for a few, which were euthanized.
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當中只有一些兔子被安樂死。
08:09
Haigh's Chocolate,
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黑氏巧克力(澳洲當地知名巧克力品牌)
08:11
in collaboration
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和澳洲的
08:13
with the Foundation for Rabbit-Free Australia,
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擺脫兔子機構(Rabbit-Free Australia)合作,
08:16
stopped all production of the Easter Bunny in chocolate
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停止生產所有的復活節兔子巧克力,
08:19
and has replaced it with the Easter Bilby.
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取而代之的是復活節袋狸。
08:22
Now this was done to counter
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這是為了對抗
08:24
the annual celebration of rabbits
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每年用兔子慶祝的模式,
08:26
and presumably make the public more comfortable
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還有預設性地讓大眾能平心接受
08:28
with the killing of rabbits
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殺害兔子這件事,
08:30
and promote an animal that's native to Australia,
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且宣傳澳洲的本地原生動物,
08:32
and actually an animal that is threatened
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事實上這動物因為歐洲兔子
08:34
by the European rabbit.
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而遭受威脅。
08:38
In chapter seven, I focus on the effects
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在第七章,我著重於
08:40
of a genocidal act
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集體屠殺行為對於
08:42
on one bloodline.
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一個血統的影響。
08:44
So over a two-day period,
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在兩天內,
08:46
six individuals from this bloodline
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這血統中的六個人
08:48
were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
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在斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺中遭受殺害。
08:50
This is the only work
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這是唯一一個作品中,
08:52
in which I visually represent the dead.
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我在視覺上呈現了過世的人。
08:54
But I only represent those
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但我只呈現這些
08:56
that were killed in the Srebrenica massacre,
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在斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺中遭受殺害的人,
08:58
which is recorded as the largest mass murder in Europe
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這被記載為自從第二次世界大戰以來,
09:01
since the Second World War.
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歐洲規模最大的大型謀殺。
09:04
And during this massacre,
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在這次大屠殺中,
09:06
8,000 Bosnian Muslim men and boys
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8000個波士尼亞穆斯林男人和男孩
09:08
were systematically executed.
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被有系統化地處死。
09:11
So when you look at a detail of this work,
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所以當你仔細看這個作品時,
09:14
you can see, the man on the upper-left
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你會發現,左上角的男子
09:16
is the father of the woman sitting next to him.
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是坐在他旁邊的女子的父親。
09:18
Her name is Zumra.
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這名女子叫做Zumra。
09:20
She is followed by her four children,
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緊接在旁的是她四個小孩,
09:23
all of whom were killed in the Srebrenica massacre.
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他們都在斯雷布雷尼察大屠殺中遇害。
09:26
Following those four children is Zumra's younger sister
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在四個孩子之後的是Zumra的妹妹,
09:29
who is then followed by her children
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接著在她之後的也是她在大屠殺中
09:31
who were killed as well.
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被殺害的孩子。
09:34
During the time I was in Bosnia,
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當我在波士尼亞的時候,
09:36
the mortal remains of Zumra's eldest son
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Zumra最年長的兒子的遺體
09:38
were exhumed from a mass grave.
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是從巨大墳墓中挖掘出來的。
09:40
And I was therefore able to photograph
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因此我能夠拍攝到
09:42
the fully assembled remains.
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完整的遺體。
09:44
However, the other individuals
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至於其它用
09:46
are represented by these blue slides,
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藍色為底的呈現的照片,
09:48
which show tooth and bone samples
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展現了在經過和家族成員
09:50
that were matched to DNA evidence collected from family members
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DNA比對符合的牙齒和骨頭樣本,
09:53
to prove they were the identities
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以證明這些樣本是
09:55
of those individuals.
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他們身份的識別物。
09:57
They've all been given a proper burial,
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這些人都被妥善地埋葬,
09:59
so what remains are these blue slides
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所以剩下的都是這些在
10:01
at the International Commission for Missing Persons.
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“尋找失蹤者國際委員會”中的以藍色為背景的照片。
10:06
These are personal effects
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這些都是在巨大墳場中
10:08
dug up from a mass grave
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挖掘出來的個人財物
10:10
that are awaiting identification from family members
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等待家庭成員來辨識
10:13
and graffiti at the Potochari battery factory,
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接著這是位於波托卡里的電池工廠的塗鴉,
10:16
which was where the Dutch U.N. soldiers were staying,
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這曾是聯合國德軍的所在地,
10:19
and also the Serbian soldiers later
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也是之後在處死期間,
10:21
during the times of the executions.
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塞爾維亞人的所在地。
10:25
This is video footage used at the Milosevic trial,
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這是前南斯拉夫總統米洛索維奇受審判中所使用的影片,
10:27
which from top to bottom
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從上到下
10:29
shows a Serbian scorpion unit
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展示了一個塞爾維亞蠍子軍事組織
10:31
being blessed by an Orthodox priest
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在集合男孩和男人且殺害他們之前
10:34
before rounding up the boys and men
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接受一位東正教神父的
10:36
and killing them.
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賜福。
10:40
Chapter 15 is more of a performance piece.
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第15章比較像是一個表演作品。
10:44
I solicited China's State Council Information Office in 2009
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我在2009年時請求中國國務院新聞辦公室
10:48
to select a multi-generational bloodline
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挑選一個多代同堂的血統
10:51
to represent China for this project.
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用來在此企畫案中代表中國。
10:54
They chose a large family from Beijing for its size,
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他們依照人數選了來自北京的一個大家庭,
10:57
and they declined to give me
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而且他們拒絕給我
10:59
any further reasoning for their choice.
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他們為何如此挑選的理由。
11:01
This is one of the rare situations
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這章中很難得的情況是
11:03
where I have no empty portraits.
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我沒有一張空白的肖像。
11:05
Everyone showed up.
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每個人都出現了。
11:07
You can also see the evolution of the one-child-only policy
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你也可以透過這個血脉的足跡
11:10
as it travels through the bloodline.
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看到中國獨生子女政策的演化。
11:14
Previously known as the Department of Foreign Propaganda,
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前身是中共中央對外宣傳辦公室,
11:17
the State Council Information Office
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現為中國國務院新聞辦公室
11:20
is responsible for all of China's external publicity operations.
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負責中國所有對外的宣傳操作。
11:24
It controls all foreign media and image production
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在外國媒體與中國合作時,
11:27
outside of China
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此部門控制了所有
11:29
from foreign media working within China.
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外國媒體和影像產品。
11:31
It also monitors the Internet
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同時它也監控網路,
11:33
and instructs local media
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指導當地媒體
11:35
on how to handle any potentially controversial issues,
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如何處理可能會引起爭議的話題,
11:38
including Tibet, ethnic minorities,
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包括西藏,少數民族,
11:41
Human Rights, religion,
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人權,宗教,
11:43
democracy movements and terrorism.
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民主運動和恐怖主義。
11:46
For the footnote panel in this work,
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在這個作品的補充說明嵌版上,
11:49
this office instructed me
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國務院辦公室告訴我
11:51
to photograph their central television tower in Beijing.
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要在他們的北京中央電視塔進行拍照。
11:54
And I also photographed the gift bag they gave me
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當我要離開時,我也拍下他們給我的
11:56
when I left.
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禮物袋。
12:02
These are the descendants of Hans Frank
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第十一章: 這些是Hans Frank的後代,
12:04
who was Hitler's personal legal advisor
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他是Hitler(希特勒)的個人法律顧問,
12:07
and governor general of occupied Poland.
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也是納粹佔據波蘭後的地方總督。
12:10
Now this bloodline includes numerous empty portraits,
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如今在這個血脉中已經缺失了很多人的肖像,
12:13
highlighting a complex relationship
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突顯出一個家族歷史當中的
12:15
to one's family history.
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複雜關係。
12:18
The reasons for these absences
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這些人缺席的原因
12:20
include people who declined participation.
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包括拒絕參與的人們,
12:23
There's also parents who participated
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也有父母參與
12:26
who wouldn't let their children participate
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但拒絕讓他們孩子加入的情況,
12:28
because they thought they were too young to decide for themselves.
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因為他們認為孩子還太年輕,無法自己做決定。
12:31
Another section of the family
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還有一部分的家族成員
12:33
presented their clothing, as opposed to their physical presence,
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拒絕本人現身,改用他們的衣服呈現,
12:36
because they didn't want to be identified
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因為他們不想跟
12:38
with the past that I was highlighting.
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我提到的過去畫上等號。
12:40
And finally, another individual
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最後,還有個人
12:42
sat for me from behind
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背對我拍照,
12:44
and later rescinded his participation,
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之後他選擇退出,
12:46
so I had to pixelate him out so he's unrecognizable.
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所以我得像素化這張照片,讓他不被辨識。
12:52
In the footnote panel that accompanies this work
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在這個作品的補充說明嵌板上,
12:54
I photographed an official Adolph Hitler postage stamp
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我拍攝了一個Adolph Hitler的官方郵戳章,
12:58
and an imitation of that stamp
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還有一個英國情報組織
13:00
produced by British Intelligence
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仿製的印章,
13:02
with Hans Frank's image on it.
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上面刻有Hans Frank的肖像。
13:04
It was released in Poland
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這在波蘭被流傳
13:06
to create friction between Frank and Hitler,
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目的是製造Frank和Hitler之間的不和,
13:08
so that Hitler would imagine
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所以Hitler會想像
13:10
Frank was trying to usurp his power.
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Frank正試著篡奪他的權力。
13:14
Again, talking about fate,
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談論到命運,
13:16
I was interested in the stories and fate
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我對特定藝術作品的
13:18
of particular works of art.
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故事和命運感興趣。
13:20
These paintings were taken by Hans Frank
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這些畫作在第三帝國時期
13:23
during the time of the Third Reich.
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被Hans Frank奪走。
13:25
And I'm interested in the impact of their absence and presence through time.
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我很好奇它們消失和出現會有什麼影響。
13:29
They are Leonardo da Vinci's "Lady With an Ermine,"
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這些畫分別是Leonardo Da Vinci達芬奇的《抱銀貂的女子》,
13:32
Rembrandt's "Landscape With Good Samaritan"
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Rembrandt倫勃朗的《撒馬利亞人的風景》,
13:35
and Raphael's "Portrait of a Youth,"
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還有已經遺失的
13:37
which has never been found.
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Raphael拉斐爾的《年輕人畫像》。
13:41
Chapter 12 highlights
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第12章談論的是
13:43
people being born into a battle that is not of their making,
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出身在戰爭中的人們,戰爭本與他們無關
13:46
but becomes their own.
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但戰爭卻影響著他們的生活。
13:48
So this is the Ferraz family
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這是Ferraz家族,
13:50
and the Novaes family.
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這是Novaes家族。
13:52
And they are in an active blood feud.
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這兩個家族現在還有血債血償的世仇。
13:55
This feud has been going on since 1991
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此世仇起源於1991年,
13:58
in Northeast Brazil in Pernambuco,
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發生在巴西東北方的伯南布哥州,
14:01
and it involved the deaths
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涉及的死亡人數
14:03
of 20 members of the families
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包括了兩個家族中的20個成員,
14:05
and 40 others associated with the feud,
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還有其他40位相關人士,
14:07
including hired hit men, innocent bystanders
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包含雇用的殺手,無辜的旁觀者
14:10
and friends.
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還有朋友們。
14:13
Tensions between these two families date back to 1913
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這兩個家族間的緊張關係可追溯到1913年,
14:16
when there was a dispute over local political power.
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他們在當地的政治權力上產生了爭執。
14:19
But it got violent in the last two decades
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但情勢在過去20年間愈演愈烈,
14:22
and includes decapitation
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還牽涉到斬首
14:24
and the death of two mayors.
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和兩位市長的死亡。
14:26
Installed into a protective wall
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Louis Novaes是
14:28
surrounding the suburban home of Louis Novaes,
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Novaes家族的家族長,他在郊區的房子
14:31
who's the head of the Novaes family,
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周圍圍著保護牆,
14:33
are these turret holes,
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牆上設置這些砲塔的射擊孔
14:35
which were used for shooting and looking.
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用來射擊和觀察。
14:38
Brazil's northeast state of Pernambuco
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巴西東北方的伯南布哥州
14:41
is one of the nation's most violent regions.
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是國家中最暴力的區域之一。
14:44
It's rooted in a principle of retributive justice,
340
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他們奉行報復性正義的原則,
14:46
or an eye for an eye,
341
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以眼還眼,
14:48
so retaliatory killings
342
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因此報復型態的殺害
14:50
have led to several deaths in the area.
343
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已經導致這地區多人死亡。
14:53
This story, like many of the stories in my chapters,
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這個故事就像我作品中很多故事一樣,
14:56
reads almost as an archetypal episode,
345
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看起來幾乎就是原型的連續劇,
14:59
like something out of Shakespeare,
346
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像是莎士比亞作品的情節,
15:01
that's happening now and will happen again in the future.
347
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現在正在上演,而且未來也會再發生。
15:04
I'm interested in these ideas of repetition.
348
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我對這些一再重覆的歷史感興趣。
15:09
So after I returned home, I received word
349
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當我回到家後,
15:11
that one member of the family
350
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我得到一個消息,
15:13
had been shot 30 times in the face.
351
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其中一個家族成員臉上被射擊30槍。
15:18
Chapter 17
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第17章
15:20
is an exploration of the absence of a bloodline
353
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在探索一個消失的血統,
15:23
and the absence of a history.
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和一段消失的歷史。
15:25
Children at this Ukrainian orphanage
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烏克蘭孤兒院的小孩們,
15:27
are between the ages of six and 16.
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年紀介於6歲和16歲間。
15:30
This piece is ordered by age
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這個作品根据年紀排序,
15:32
because it can't be ordered by blood.
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因為沒有辦法用血緣排序。
15:34
In a 12-month period when I was at the orphanage,
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我待在孤兒院的12個月中,
15:37
only one child had been adopted.
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只有一個小孩被領養。
15:40
Children have to leave the orphanage at age 16,
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小孩16歲時就得離開孤兒院,
15:43
despite the fact that there's often nowhere for them to go.
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儘管事實是他們通常沒有其它地方可以投靠。
15:48
It's commonly reported in Ukraine
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在烏克蘭,普遍記載的是
15:50
that children, when leaving the orphanage
364
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這些小孩離開孤兒院後
15:52
are targeted for human trafficking,
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成為人口販賣,
15:54
child pornography and prostitution.
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兒童色情行業和娼妓的目標。
15:57
Many have to turn to criminal activity for their survival,
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很多人為了生存必須從事犯罪活動,
16:00
and high rates of suicide are recorded.
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自殺率很高。
16:05
This is a boys' bedroom.
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這是一間男孩的臥房。
16:07
There's an insufficient supply of beds at the orphanage
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孤兒院的床位不足,
16:09
and not enough warm clothing.
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也不能提供足夠保暖的衣物。
16:11
Children bathe infrequently
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因為熱水到10月才開始供應,
16:13
because the hot water isn't turned on until October.
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小孩不能定期洗澡。
16:16
This is a girls' bedroom.
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這是一間女孩的臥房。
16:18
And the director listed the orphanage's most urgent needs
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孤兒院主管列出最急需的物資是
16:22
as an industrial size washing machine and dryer,
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一台工業用大小的洗衣機和烘乾機,
16:25
four vacuum cleaners, two computers,
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四台吸塵器,兩台電腦,
16:27
a video projector, a copy machine,
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一台投影機,一台影印機,
16:30
winter shoes and a dentist's drill.
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冬天的鞋子和牙醫鐵鑽。
16:33
This photograph, which I took at the orphanage of one of the classrooms,
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這張照片是我在孤兒院的一間教室拍的,
16:37
shows a sign which I had translated when I got home.
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我回家後翻譯了照片中的標語。
16:40
And it reads: "Those who do not know their past
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意思是:「不知道自己過去的人
16:43
are not worthy of their future."
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未來沒有意義。」
16:47
There are many more chapters in this project.
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在我這個作品中還有很多的章節。
16:49
This is just an abridged rendering
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這只是超過1000張照片
16:51
of over a thousand images.
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刪減過後的呈現。
16:53
And this mass pile of images and stories
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這一大疊的照片和故事
16:56
forms an archive.
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構成一個資料庫。
16:58
And within this accumulation of images and texts,
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在這堆累積的照片和文字中,
17:01
I'm struggling to find patterns
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我努力想在這些圖像中找出一個模式,
17:03
and imagine that the narratives that surround the lives we lead
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並想像著我們的生活周遭的故事
17:07
are just as coded as blood itself.
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如同血脉一樣被編碼了。
17:11
But archives exist
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但資料庫存在的意義
17:13
because there's something that can't necessarily be articulated.
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是因為有些事情是不需要被講出的。
17:16
Something is said in the gaps
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有些事情在蒐集資訊的縫隙中
17:18
between all the information that's collected.
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被顯示出來。
17:21
And there's this relentless persistence
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正因為有出生和死亡
17:24
of birth and death
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這種不停歇的持久性,
17:26
and an unending collection of stories in between.
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當中存在著無止境的故事。
17:29
It's almost machine-like
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這近乎於機械化的
17:31
the way people are born and people die,
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有人生,有人死 的循環形式
17:33
and the stories keep coming and coming.
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使故事源源不斷。
17:36
And in this, I'm considering,
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在這當中,我思考的是
17:39
is this actual accumulation
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是否這種實際的累積
17:41
leading to some sort of evolution,
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導向某種演化?
17:44
or are we on repeat
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又或者我們只是
17:46
over and over again?
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一再地重覆歷史?
17:49
Thank you.
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謝謝。
17:51
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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