Art made of the air we breathe | Emily Parsons-Lord

78,170 views ใƒป 2017-02-08

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืฉื™ืจืŸ ืชืžื ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
If I asked you to picture the air,
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ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
00:16
what do you imagine?
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ืžื” ืืชื ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื?
00:20
Most people think about either empty space
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืจื™ืง
00:24
or clear blue sky
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ืื• ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื
00:26
or sometimes trees dancing in the wind.
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ืื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืขืฆื™ื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื—.
00:29
And then I remember my high school chemistry teacher with really long socks
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื›ื™ืžื™ื” ืžื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ื’ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช
00:33
at the blackboard,
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ื‘ืœื•ื—,
00:34
drawing diagrams of bubbles connected to other bubbles,
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ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช ื“ื™ืื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
00:38
and describing how they vibrate and collide in a kind of frantic soup.
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ื•ืžืชืืจืช ืื™ืš ื”ื ืจื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืจืง ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
00:44
But really, we tend not to think about the air that much at all.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
00:48
We notice it mostly
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ
00:50
when there's some kind of unpleasant sensory intrusion upon it,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืคืจืขื” ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ืขืœื™ื•,
00:54
like a terrible smell or something visible like smoke or mist.
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ื›ืžื• ืจื™ื— ืจืข ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืขืฉืŸ ืื• ืขืจืคืœ.
00:59
But it's always there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื.
01:03
It's touching all of us right now.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
01:05
It's even inside us.
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ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•.
01:08
Our air is immediate, vital and intimate.
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ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™.
01:14
And yet, it's so easily forgotten.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ืฉื›ื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
01:19
So what is the air?
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ืื– ืžื”ื• ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ?
01:21
It's the combination of the invisible gases that envelop the Earth,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืขื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
01:25
attracted by the Earth's gravitational pull.
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ื ืžืฉืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
01:29
And even though I'm a visual artist,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืืžื ื™ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
01:32
I'm interested in the invisibility of the air.
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืื™ ื ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
01:36
I'm interested in how we imagine it,
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ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
01:39
how we experience it
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ืื™ืš ืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชื•
01:41
and how we all have an innate understanding of its materiality
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•
01:44
through breathing.
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ื“ืจืš ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
01:48
All life on Earth changes the air through gas exchange,
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื’ื–,
01:54
and we're all doing it right now.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
01:56
Actually, why don't we all right now together take
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื™ืงื—
01:59
one big, collective, deep breath in.
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ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขืžื•ืงื”.
02:02
Ready? In. (Inhales)
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื? ืœื ืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ืžื”. (ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช)
02:06
And out. (Exhales)
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”. (ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืช)
02:10
That air that you just exhaled,
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ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ื ืฉืคืชื,
02:13
you enriched a hundred times in carbon dioxide.
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ืืชื ื”ืขืฉืจืชื ืคื™ ืžืื” ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™.
02:18
So roughly five liters of air per breath, 17 breaths per minute
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ืื– ื‘ืขืจืš 5 ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ืžื”, 17 ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื“ืงื”
02:24
of the 525,600 minutes per year,
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ืžืชื•ืš 525,600 ื“ืงื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”,
02:29
comes to approximately 45 million liters of air,
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ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ืขืจืš ืœ45 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
02:35
enriched 100 times in carbon dioxide,
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ืžื•ืขืฉืจ ืคื™ 100 ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™,
02:39
just for you.
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
02:41
Now, that's equivalent to about 18 Olympic-sized swimming pools.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื•ื•ื” ืœื‘ืขืจืš 18 ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ื•ืช.
02:48
For me, air is plural.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
02:50
It's simultaneously as small as our breathing
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:53
and as big as the planet.
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ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช.
02:56
And it's kind of hard to picture.
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ื•ืงืฆืช ืงืฉื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ.
03:00
Maybe it's impossible, and maybe it doesn't matter.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื”.
03:03
Through my visual arts practice,
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
03:06
I try to make air, not so much picture it,
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื•,
03:10
but to make it visceral and tactile and haptic.
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ืืœื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืฉื ื™, ืœืžื•ื—ืฉื™ ื•ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืฉื™.
03:14
I try to expand this notion of the aesthetic, how things look,
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืกืชื˜ื™, ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืจืื™ื,
03:19
so that it can include things like how it feels on your skin
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื
03:23
and in your lungs,
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ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
03:25
and how your voice sounds as it passes through it.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืฉื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื“ืจื›ื•.
03:29
I explore the weight, density and smell, but most importantly,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงืœ, ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ื— ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:34
I think a lot about the stories we attach to different kinds of air.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
03:41
This is a work I made in 2014.
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ื–ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘2014.
03:46
It's called "Different Kinds of Air: A Plant's Diary,"
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช "ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ: ื™ื•ืžื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช",
03:49
where I was recreating the air from different eras in Earth's evolution,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
03:53
and inviting the audience to come in and breathe them with me.
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ื•ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืคื ื™ืžื” ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื ืื™ืชื™.
03:56
And it's really surprising, so drastically different.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคืชื™ืข, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืกื˜ื™ืช.
04:01
Now, I'm not a scientist,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ืขื ื™ืช,
04:03
but atmospheric scientists will look for traces
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ื™ื—ืคืฉื• ืขืงื‘ื•ืช
04:06
in the air chemistry in geology,
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ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
04:09
a bit like how rocks can oxidize,
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ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ืš ืกืœืขื™ื ืžืชื—ืžืฆื ื™ื,
04:11
and they'll extrapolate that information and aggregate it,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ื•ื™ืฆื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื•,
04:15
such that they can pretty much form a recipe
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ
04:18
for the air at different times.
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ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
04:20
Then I come in as the artist and take that recipe
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ื ื›ื ืกืช ื›ืื•ืžื ื™ืช ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”
04:23
and recreate it using the component gases.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื.
04:27
I was particularly interested in moments of time
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ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ
04:31
that are examples of life changing the air,
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ืฉื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
04:35
but also the air that can influence how life will evolve,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืชืคืชื—ื•,
04:40
like Carboniferous air.
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื•ืŸ.
04:43
It's from about 300 to 350 million years ago.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืœืคื ื™ 300 ืขื“ 350 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื.
04:47
It's an era known as the time of the giants.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื“ืข ื›ื–ืžื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื.
04:51
So for the first time in the history of life,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:53
lignin evolves.
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ืœื™ื’ื ื™ืŸ ืžืชืคืชื—.
04:55
That's the hard stuff that trees are made of.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืžืžื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืขืฆื™ื.
04:57
So trees effectively invent their own trunks at this time,
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ืื– ืขืฆื™ื ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื–ื”,
05:00
and they get really big, bigger and bigger,
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ื•ื”ื ื ื”ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžืื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
05:03
and pepper the Earth,
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ื•ืžืชื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
05:04
releasing oxygen, releasing oxygen, releasing oxygen,
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ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ื—ืžืฆืŸ,
05:07
such that the oxygen levels are about twice as high
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ื›ืš ืฉืจืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื”ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื
05:11
as what they are today.
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ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
05:13
And this rich air supports massive insects --
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ื•ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขืฉื™ืจ ื–ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื—ืจืงื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื --
05:17
huge spiders and dragonflies with a wingspan of about 65 centimeters.
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ืขื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื—ืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ื˜ืช ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 65 ืก"ืž.
05:24
To breathe, this air is really clean and really fresh.
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ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื ืงื™ ื•ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ืจื™.
05:28
It doesn't so much have a flavor,
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ืขื,
05:29
but it does give your body a really subtle kind of boost of energy.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื™ืคืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
05:34
It's really good for hangovers.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ื’ืื•ื‘ืจื™ื.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:38
Or there's the air of the Great Dying --
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ืื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื”ื›ื—ื“ืช ืคืจื-ื˜ืจื™ืืก --
05:41
that's about 252.5 million years ago,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืžืœืคื ื™ 252.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”,
05:44
just before the dinosaurs evolve.
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ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•.
05:46
It's a really short time period, geologically speaking,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืฆืจื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
05:50
from about 20- to 200,000 years.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืขื“ 200,000 ืฉื ื™ื.
05:53
Really quick.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ.
05:55
This is the greatest extinction event in Earth's history,
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ื–ื”ื• ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
05:58
even bigger than when the dinosaurs died out.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืฉื”ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจื™ื ื ื›ื—ื“ื•.
06:02
Eighty-five to 95 percent of species at this time die out,
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85 ืขื“ 95 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ื–ื ื™ื ื ื›ื—ื“ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
06:06
and simultaneous to that is a huge, dramatic spike in carbon dioxide,
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ื•ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื™ืฉื ื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™,
06:11
that a lot of scientists agree
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื
06:12
comes from a simultaneous eruption of volcanoes
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ
06:15
and a runaway greenhouse effect.
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ื•ืืคืงื˜ ื—ืžืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืœื˜.
06:20
Oxygen levels at this time go to below half of what they are today,
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ืจืžื•ืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื™ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœื—ืฆื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื,
06:24
so about 10 percent.
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ืื– ื‘ืขืจืš 10 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
06:25
So this air would definitely not support human life,
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ืื– ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื ื™ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื,
06:28
but it's OK to just have a breath.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืจืง ืœื ืฉื•ื.
06:30
And to breathe, it's oddly comforting.
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ื•ืœื ืฉื•ื, ื–ื” ืžื ื—ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื–ืจื”.
06:33
It's really calming, it's quite warm
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืข, ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื—ืžื™ื
06:36
and it has a flavor a little bit like soda water.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื˜ืขื ื›ืžื• ืžื™ ืกื•ื“ื”.
06:40
It has that kind of spritz, quite pleasant.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ืฉืคืจื™ืฅ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื“ื™ ื ืขื™ื.
06:44
So with all this thinking about air of the past,
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ืื– ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื• ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ืจ,
06:47
it's quite natural to start thinking about the air of the future.
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ื“ื™ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
06:51
And instead of being speculative with air
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืคืงื•ืœื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ
06:54
and just making up what I think might be the future air,
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ื•ืจืง ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™,
06:58
I discovered this human-synthesized air.
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื.
07:02
That means that it doesn't occur anywhere in nature,
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
07:05
but it's made by humans in a laboratory
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ืืœื ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”
07:08
for application in different industrial settings.
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ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:13
Why is it future air?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ื™?
07:15
Well, this air is a really stable molecule
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”
07:19
that will literally be part of the air once it's released,
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ืฉืชืจืชื™ ืžืฉืžืข ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื—ืจืจ,
07:23
for the next 300 to 400 years, before it's broken down.
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ืœ300 ืขื“ 400 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืคืจืงืช.
07:28
So that's about 12 to 16 generations.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 12 ืขื“ 16 ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
07:33
And this future air has some very sensual qualities.
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ื•ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
07:37
It's very heavy.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื“.
07:39
It's about eight times heavier than the air we're used to breathing.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืจืš ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื.
07:45
It's so heavy, in fact, that when you breathe it in,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื›ื‘ื“, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืคื ื™ืžื”,
07:48
whatever words you speak are kind of literally heavy as well,
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ืื™ืœื• ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ,
07:51
so they dribble down your chin and drop to the floor
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ืื– ื”ืŸ ืžื˜ืคื˜ืคื•ืช ืœืกื ื˜ืจ ื•ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืœืจืฆืคื”
07:54
and soak into the cracks.
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ื•ื ืกืคื’ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื™ืฆื™ื.
07:57
It's an air that operates quite a lot like a liquid.
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ื–ื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ื ื•ื–ืœ.
08:01
Now, this air comes with an ethical dimension as well.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื ืžื™ืžื“ ืืชื™.
08:06
Humans made this air,
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
08:07
but it's also the most potent greenhouse gas
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื’ื– ื”ื—ืžืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืง
08:12
that has ever been tested.
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ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื•ืกื”.
08:14
Its warming potential is 24,000 times that of carbon dioxide,
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื—ื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ืคื™ 24,000 ืžืืฉืจ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™,
08:20
and it has that longevity of 12 to 16 generations.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 12 ืขื“ 16 ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
08:25
So this ethical confrontation is really central to my work.
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ืื– ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืืชื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
08:43
(In a lowered voice) It has another quite surprising quality.
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(ื‘ืงื•ืœ ื ืžื•ืš) ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืคืชื™ืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
08:47
It changes the sound of your voice quite dramatically.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช.
08:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:56
So when we start to think -- ooh! It's still there a bit.
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ -- ืื•ื•! ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืฆืช ืฉื.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:01
When we think about climate change,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื,
09:04
we probably don't think about giant insects and erupting volcanoes
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื™ ื’ืขืฉ ืžืชืคืจืฆื™ื
09:10
or funny voices.
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ืื• ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื.
09:13
The images that more readily come to mind
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ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช
09:15
are things like retreating glaciers and polar bears adrift on icebergs.
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ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ื‘ื™ ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื ืกื—ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื.
09:21
We think about pie charts and column graphs
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ ืขื•ื’ื” ื•ืขืžื•ื“ื•ืช
09:24
and endless politicians talking to scientists wearing cardigans.
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ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืงืจื“ื™ื’ื ื™ื.
09:29
But perhaps it's time we start thinking about climate change
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื
09:34
on the same visceral level that we experience the air.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืžื” ื—ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
09:39
Like air, climate change is simultaneously at the scale of the molecule,
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื”,
09:45
the breath and the planet.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช.
09:48
It's immediate, vital and intimate,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ื“ื™, ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืžื™,
09:52
as well as being amorphous and cumbersome.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื•ืจืคื™ ื•ืžื’ื•ืฉื.
09:58
And yet, it's so easily forgotten.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืฉื›ื— ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
10:03
Climate change is the collective self-portrait of humanity.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
10:07
It reflects our decisions as individuals,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื,
10:10
as governments and as industries.
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ื›ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื•ื›ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช.
10:13
And if there's anything I've learned from looking at air,
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ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
10:16
it's that even though it's changing, it persists.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืชืžื™ื“.
10:20
It may not support the kind of life that we'd recognize,
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื,
10:24
but it will support something.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉื”ื•.
10:26
And if we humans are such a vital part of that change,
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ื•ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื—ืœืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”,
10:30
I think it's important that we can feel the discussion.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
10:35
Because even though it's invisible,
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ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื”,
10:39
humans are leaving a very vibrant trace in the air.
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ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื“ื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
10:44
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
10:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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