Art made of the air we breathe | Emily Parsons-Lord

78,035 views ใƒป 2017-02-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KI young Jang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
If I asked you to picture the air,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ ค ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด
00:16
what do you imagine?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
00:20
Most people think about either empty space
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜
00:24
or clear blue sky
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๋ง‘์€ ํ•˜๋Š˜์ด๋‚˜
00:26
or sometimes trees dancing in the wind.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
And then I remember my high school chemistry teacher with really long socks
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์ œ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ™”ํ•™ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ž์–ด์š”.
00:33
at the blackboard,
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๊ธด ์–‘๋ง์„ ์‹ ์€ ์ฑ„
00:34
drawing diagrams of bubbles connected to other bubbles,
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์น ํŒ์—๋‹ค ๋ฐฉ์šธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
00:38
and describing how they vibrate and collide in a kind of frantic soup.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฉ์šธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ์นœ๋“ฏ์ด ์ง„๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋”ชํžˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
00:44
But really, we tend not to think about the air that much at all.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
We notice it mostly
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์–ธ์ œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋ƒ๋ฉด
00:50
when there's some kind of unpleasant sensory intrusion upon it,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•œ ๋Š๋‚Œ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋  ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:54
like a terrible smell or something visible like smoke or mist.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:59
But it's always there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
It's touching all of us right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋‹ฟ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
It's even inside us.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ ์†์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
Our air is immediate, vital and intimate.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
And yet, it's so easily forgotten.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์žŠ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
So what is the air?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:21
It's the combination of the invisible gases that envelop the Earth,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์— ์ด๋Œ๋ ค ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
01:25
attracted by the Earth's gravitational pull.
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฐ€์Šค๋“ค์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
And even though I'm a visual artist,
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์ „ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:32
I'm interested in the invisibility of the air.
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๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
I'm interested in how we imagine it,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํก์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:39
how we experience it
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์–ด๋–ค์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ 
01:41
and how we all have an innate understanding of its materiality
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์–ด๋–ค์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๊ณ 
01:44
through breathing.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
All life on Earth changes the air through gas exchange,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ตํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
and we're all doing it right now.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Actually, why don't we all right now together take
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ์ˆจ์„
01:59
one big, collective, deep breath in.
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์‰ฌ์–ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:02
Ready? In. (Inhales)
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์ค€๋น„๋˜์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  (๋“ค์ˆจ)
02:06
And out. (Exhales)
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๋‚ด์‰ฌ๊ณ  (๋‚ ์ˆจ)
02:10
That air that you just exhaled,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰์€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š”
02:13
you enriched a hundred times in carbon dioxide.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ 100๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚จ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:18
So roughly five liters of air per breath, 17 breaths per minute
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์ˆจ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ด 5๋ฆฌํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋‹น 17๋ฒˆ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด
02:24
of the 525,600 minutes per year,
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์ผ๋…„์ด 525,600๋ถ„์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
02:29
comes to approximately 45 million liters of air,
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4์ฒœ5๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
02:35
enriched 100 times in carbon dioxide,
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ 100๋ฐฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ์–ด์š”.
02:39
just for you.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
02:41
Now, that's equivalent to about 18 Olympic-sized swimming pools.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ฆผํ”ฝ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์˜ ์•ฝ 18๊ฐœ์™€ ๋งž๋จน์ฃ .
02:48
For me, air is plural.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
It's simultaneously as small as our breathing
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์˜ ํ˜ธํก๋งŒํผ ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ
02:53
and as big as the planet.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒํผ ํฌ์ฃ 
02:56
And it's kind of hard to picture.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
03:00
Maybe it's impossible, and maybe it doesn't matter.
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์•„๋งˆ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:03
Through my visual arts practice,
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์ „ ์‹œ๊ฐ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ
03:06
I try to make air, not so much picture it,
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:10
but to make it visceral and tactile and haptic.
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๊ฐ์ •๊ณผ ์ด‰๊ฐ์— ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
I try to expand this notion of the aesthetic, how things look,
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๋ฏธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋…, ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ์˜ ์™ธ๊ด€์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ
03:19
so that it can include things like how it feels on your skin
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ์ง€
03:23
and in your lungs,
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ํ ์†์—์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋Š๋‚Œ์ธ์ง€
03:25
and how your voice sounds as it passes through it.
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์„ฑ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚  ๋• ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
I explore the weight, density and smell, but most importantly,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ๋ฐ€๋„, ํ–ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ๊ฑด
03:34
I think a lot about the stories we attach to different kinds of air.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ถ™์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:41
This is a work I made in 2014.
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ 2014๋…„์— ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑด๋ฐ์š”.
03:46
It's called "Different Kinds of Air: A Plant's Diary,"
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์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋ช…์€ "๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ: ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ์ผ๊ธฐ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
where I was recreating the air from different eras in Earth's evolution,
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์ด ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์—์„  ์ง€๊ตฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
03:53
and inviting the audience to come in and breathe them with me.
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๊ด€๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
03:56
And it's really surprising, so drastically different.
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์ •๋ง ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:01
Now, I'm not a scientist,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:03
but atmospheric scientists will look for traces
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™์˜
04:06
in the air chemistry in geology,
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์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ๊ธฐ์›๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‚ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
a bit like how rocks can oxidize,
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๊ฐ€๋ น ๋ฐ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ • ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
04:11
and they'll extrapolate that information and aggregate it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
such that they can pretty much form a recipe
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์„
04:18
for the air at different times.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ด์ฃ .
04:20
Then I come in as the artist and take that recipe
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์„œ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•ด ๊ทธ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ
04:23
and recreate it using the component gases.
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๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žฌ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:27
I was particularly interested in moments of time
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
04:31
that are examples of life changing the air,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚จ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
04:35
but also the air that can influence how life will evolve,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ์ง„ํ™” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
like Carboniferous air.
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๊ฐ€๋ น ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•จ์œ ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:43
It's from about 300 to 350 million years ago.
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์ด๋Š” 3์–ต ๋งŒ๋…„์—์„œ 3์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ
04:47
It's an era known as the time of the giants.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
So for the first time in the history of life,
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์ƒ๋ฌผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
04:53
lignin evolves.
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๋ฆฌ๊ทธ๋‹Œ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
That's the hard stuff that trees are made of.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋”ฑ๋”ฑํ•œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด์—์š”.
04:57
So trees effectively invent their own trunks at this time,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์›Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
05:00
and they get really big, bigger and bigger,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ์ ์ ๋” ์ปค์กŒ๊ณ 
05:03
and pepper the Earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์— ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
05:04
releasing oxygen, releasing oxygen, releasing oxygen,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
05:07
such that the oxygen levels are about twice as high
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹น์‹œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ˜„์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:11
as what they are today.
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2๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋งŽ์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:13
And this rich air supports massive insects --
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ์—„์ฒญ ์ปค์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:17
huge spiders and dragonflies with a wingspan of about 65 centimeters.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ๋‚ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ 65cm๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž ์ž๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:24
To breathe, this air is really clean and really fresh.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”๋ณด๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๋‹จ ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
05:28
It doesn't so much have a flavor,
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ํ–ฅ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
05:29
but it does give your body a really subtle kind of boost of energy.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชธ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์žฅ์ œ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
It's really good for hangovers.
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์ˆ™์ทจ์—๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์งฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:38
Or there's the air of the Great Dying --
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์•ฝ 2์–ต 5์ฒœ 2๋ฐฑ 5์‹ญ๋งŒ๋…„ ์ „์ธ
05:41
that's about 252.5 million years ago,
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๋Œ€๋ฉธ์ข…์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋„ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:44
just before the dinosaurs evolve.
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๋ง‰ ๊ณต๋ฃก๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์ด์—์š”.
05:46
It's a really short time period, geologically speaking,
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์ง€์งˆํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ง ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—์š”.
05:50
from about 20- to 200,000 years.
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์•ฝ 20๋…„์—์„œ 2์‹ญ๋งŒ๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
Really quick.
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์ •๋ง ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
05:55
This is the greatest extinction event in Earth's history,
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์ด๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฉธ์ข… ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—์š”.
05:58
even bigger than when the dinosaurs died out.
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๊ณต๋ฃก์ด ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
Eighty-five to 95 percent of species at this time die out,
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85%์—์„œ 95%์˜ ์ข…๋“ค์ด ์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฉธ์ข…ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:06
and simultaneous to that is a huge, dramatic spike in carbon dioxide,
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์ด์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:11
that a lot of scientists agree
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋™์˜ํ•˜๋“ฏ์ด
06:12
comes from a simultaneous eruption of volcanoes
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์ด ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ํ™”์‚ฐ ๋ถ„์ถœ๊ณผ
06:15
and a runaway greenhouse effect.
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๊ฑท์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
Oxygen levels at this time go to below half of what they are today,
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์ด ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๋ชป๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
so about 10 percent.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•ฝ 10% ์ •๋„์˜€์–ด์š”.
06:25
So this air would definitely not support human life,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
but it's OK to just have a breath.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์—†์ฃ .
06:30
And to breathe, it's oddly comforting.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŽธ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:33
It's really calming, it's quite warm
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์ฐจ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•ด์š”.
06:36
and it has a flavor a little bit like soda water.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜์ฃ .
06:40
It has that kind of spritz, quite pleasant.
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์†Œ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ด์ง ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์—์š”. ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๊ฝค ์ข‹์•„์š”.
06:44
So with all this thinking about air of the past,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
06:47
it's quite natural to start thinking about the air of the future.
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์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
And instead of being speculative with air
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
06:54
and just making up what I think might be the future air,
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
I discovered this human-synthesized air.
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:02
That means that it doesn't occur anywhere in nature,
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์ฆ‰ ์ž์—ฐํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
07:05
but it's made by humans in a laboratory
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ 
07:08
for application in different industrial settings.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
07:13
Why is it future air?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด์งธ์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ผ๊นŒ์š”.
07:15
Well, this air is a really stable molecule
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์Œ,์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋œ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:19
that will literally be part of the air once it's released,
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
07:23
for the next 300 to 400 years, before it's broken down.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์†Œ์ง„๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ์ดํ›„ 300๋…„์—์„œ 400๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
So that's about 12 to 16 generations.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด 12์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ 16์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:33
And this future air has some very sensual qualities.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
07:37
It's very heavy.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด๊ฒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
It's about eight times heavier than the air we're used to breathing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์…”์™”๋˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค 8๋ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ฌด๊ฒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
It's so heavy, in fact, that when you breathe it in,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์›Œ์„œ ์ˆจ์„ ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์‹ค ๋•Œ
07:48
whatever words you speak are kind of literally heavy as well,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๋“  ๊ฐ„์— ์ •๋ง ๋ฌด๊ฒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
07:51
so they dribble down your chin and drop to the floor
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฑ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
and soak into the cracks.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
07:57
It's an air that operates quite a lot like a liquid.
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์•ก์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:01
Now, this air comes with an ethical dimension as well.
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์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
Humans made this air,
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
08:07
but it's also the most potent greenhouse gas
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์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž…์ฆ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์—์„œ
08:12
that has ever been tested.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
Its warming potential is 24,000 times that of carbon dioxide,
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์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค 24,000๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
and it has that longevity of 12 to 16 generations.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ 12์„ธ๋Œ€์—์„œ 16์„ธ๋Œ€์— ์ด๋ฅด์ฃ 
08:25
So this ethical confrontation is really central to my work.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
(In a lowered voice) It has another quite surprising quality.
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(๋‚ฎ์€ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ) ์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํŠน์ง•๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
It changes the sound of your voice quite dramatically.
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๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:56
So when we start to think -- ooh! It's still there a bit.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด...์šฐ!! ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋„ค.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
09:01
When we think about climate change,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:04
we probably don't think about giant insects and erupting volcanoes
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์‚ฐ๋ถ„์ถœ
09:10
or funny voices.
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์›ƒ๊ธด ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
The images that more readily come to mind
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๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š”
09:15
are things like retreating glaciers and polar bears adrift on icebergs.
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๋…น๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น™ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋น™์‚ฐ์„ ํƒ€๋Š” ๋ถ๊ทน๊ณฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:21
We think about pie charts and column graphs
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๋ณดํ†ต ์›ํ˜•๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์™€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋‚˜
09:24
and endless politicians talking to scientists wearing cardigans.
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๊ฐ€์šด์„ ์ž…์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฅํ™ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋– ๋“œ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
But perhaps it's time we start thinking about climate change
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ์›๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด
09:34
on the same visceral level that we experience the air.
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๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
Like air, climate change is simultaneously at the scale of the molecule,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„ ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ
09:45
the breath and the planet.
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๋ถ„์ž๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํก, ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
It's immediate, vital and intimate,
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ํ˜•ํƒœ๋„ ์—†๊ณ  ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
09:52
as well as being amorphous and cumbersome.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:58
And yet, it's so easily forgotten.
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๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Climate change is the collective self-portrait of humanity.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:07
It reflects our decisions as individuals,
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๊ฐœ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ, ์‚ฐ์—…์  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ
10:10
as governments and as industries.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
And if there's anything I've learned from looking at air,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:16
it's that even though it's changing, it persists.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜์›ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:20
It may not support the kind of life that we'd recognize,
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋ผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
10:24
but it will support something.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
And if we humans are such a vital part of that change,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
10:30
I think it's important that we can feel the discussion.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:35
Because even though it's invisible,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด์ง„ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ
10:39
humans are leaving a very vibrant trace in the air.
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ”์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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