Martine Rothblatt: My daughter, my wife, our robot, and the quest for immortality

170,054 views ใƒป 2015-05-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
Chris Anderson: So I guess what we're going to do is
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื– ืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื–ื”
00:14
we're going to talk about your life,
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ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš.
00:17
and using some pictures that you shared with me.
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืงืช ืื™ืชื™.
00:20
And I think we should start right here with this one.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืคื” ืขื ื–ื•.
00:23
Okay, now who is this?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื™ ื–ื”?
00:26
Martine Rothblatt: This is me with our oldest son Eli.
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ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืช'ื‘ืœืื˜: ื–ื• ืื ื™ ืขื ื‘ื ื ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืื™ืœื™ื™.
00:31
He was about age five.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ.
00:33
This is taken in Nigeria
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ื–ื” ืฆื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื”
00:35
right after having taken the Washington, D.C. bar exam.
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ืžืžืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ DC.
00:39
CA: Okay. But this doesn't really look like a Martine.
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ื›"ื: ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:44
MR: Right. That was myself as a male, the way I was brought up.
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ืž"ืจ: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื ื™ ื›ื–ื›ืจ, ื›ืš ื—ื•ื ื›ืชื™.
00:51
Before I transitioned from male to female and Martin to Martine.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืžื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืงื‘ื” ื•ืžืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ.
00:55
CA: You were brought up Martin Rothblatt.
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ื›"ื: ื—ื•ื ื›ืช ื›ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืช'ื‘ืœืื˜.
00:57
MR: Correct.
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ืž"ืจ: ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:58
CA: And about a year after this picture, you married a beautiful woman.
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ื›"ื: ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ืชื—ืชื ืช ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื”.
01:03
Was this love at first sight? What happened there?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ? ืžื” ืงืจื” ืคื”?
01:05
MR: It was love at the first sight.
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ืž"ืจ: ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืžื‘ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
01:07
I saw Bina at a discotheque in Los Angeles,
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ืง ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก,
01:12
and we later began living together,
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ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ื“,
01:15
but the moment I saw her, I saw just an aura of energy around her.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืจืง ื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
01:19
I asked her to dance.
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ื”ื–ืžื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœืจืงื•ื“.
01:21
She said she saw an aura of energy around me.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืืชื” ื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™.
01:24
I was a single male parent. She was a single female parent.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
01:27
We showed each other our kids' pictures,
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ื”ืจืื ื• ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™ ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
01:30
and we've been happily married for a third of a century now.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžืื”.
01:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:38
CA: And at the time, you were kind of this hotshot entrepreneur,
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ื›"ื: ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ื–ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘,
01:41
working with satellites.
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ืขื‘ื“ืช ืขื ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
01:43
I think you had two successful companies,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืš ืฉืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช,
01:45
and then you started addressing this problem
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ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
01:47
of how could you use satellites to revolutionize radio.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•.
01:52
Tell us about that.
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ืกืคืจื™ ืœื ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
01:53
MR: Right. I always loved space technology,
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ืž"ืจ: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ืœืœ,
01:55
and satellites, to me, are sort of like the canoes that our ancestors
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ื•ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืื ื• ืฉืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•
01:59
first pushed out into the water.
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ื“ื—ืคื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื.
02:02
So it was exciting for me to be part of the navigation
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜
02:05
of the oceans of the sky,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื,
02:07
and as I developed different types of satellite communication systems,
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ื•ื›ืฉืคื™ืชื—ืชื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
02:12
the main thing I did was to launch bigger and more powerful satellites,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื’ืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:17
the consequence of which was that the receiving antennas
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืช
02:21
could be smaller and smaller,
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ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:23
and after going through direct television broadcasting,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื“ืจืš ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจ,
02:27
I had the idea that if we could make a more powerful satellite,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:30
the receiving dish could be so small
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ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื˜ืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงื˜ื ื”
02:33
that it would just be a section of a parabolic dish,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืฆืœื—ืช ืคืจื‘ื•ืœื™ืช,
02:36
a flat little plate embedded into the roof of an automobile,
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ืฆืœื—ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืžื•ื˜ืžืขืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื’ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘,
02:40
and it would be possible to have nationwide satellite radio,
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ื•ืจื“ื™ื• ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืืจืฆื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™,
02:44
and that's Sirius XM today.
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ื•ื–ื” ืกื™ืจื™ื•ืก XM ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:46
CA: Wow. So who here has used Sirius?
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ื›"ื: ื•ื•ืื•, ืื– ืžื™ ืคื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืจื™ื•ืก?
02:48
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:51
MR: Thank you for your monthly subscriptions.
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ืž"ืจ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:56
CA: So that succeeded despite all predictions at the time.
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื–ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
03:00
It was a huge commercial success,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืžืกื—ืจืจืช,
03:02
but soon after this, in the early 1990s,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 90,
03:07
there was this big transition in your life and you became Martine.
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ืขื‘ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ื”ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ.
03:11
MR: Correct. CA: So tell me, how did that happen?
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ืž"ืจ: ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื›"ื: ืื– ืกืคืจื™ ืœื™, ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงืจื”?
03:17
MR: It happened in consultation with Bina and our four beautiful children,
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ืž"ืจ: ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ืืจื‘ืขืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืคื™ื,
03:23
and I discussed with each of them
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ื•ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื
03:28
that I felt my soul was always female, and as a woman,
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ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื ืคืฉื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื›ืื™ืฉื”,
03:34
but I was afraid people would laugh at me if I expressed it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื—ืงื• ืขืœื™ ืื ืื ื™ ืื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื–ื”,
03:39
so I always kept it bottled up
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ืื– ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืžืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืกื’ื•ืจ
03:41
and just showed my male side.
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ื•ืจืง ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืœื™.
03:44
And each of them had a different take on this.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื” ืื—ืจืช.
03:48
Bina said, "I love your soul,
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ื‘ื™ื ื” ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœืš,
03:52
and whether the outside is Martin and Martine,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืื• ืžืจื˜ื™ื™ืŸ,
03:56
it doesn't it matter to me, I love your soul."
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœืš."
03:58
My son said, "If you become a woman, will you still be my father?"
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ื‘ื ื™ ืืžืจ, "ืื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื™ืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™?"
04:06
And I said, "Yes, I'll always be your father,"
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ื›ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ืื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื ืฉืœืš,
04:09
and I'm still his father today.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื."
04:12
My youngest daughter did an absolutely brilliant five-year-old thing.
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืขืฉืชื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžืฉ.
04:17
She told people, "I love my dad and she loves me."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื, "ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืืช ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื™."
04:23
So she had no problem with a gender blending whatsoever.
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ืื– ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืžื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
04:28
CA: And a couple years after this, you published this book:
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ื›"ื: ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ืคืจืกืžืช ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”:
04:31
"The Apartheid of Sex."
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"ื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ."
04:33
What was your thesis in this book?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ืฉืœืš ืœืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื”?
04:35
MR: My thesis in this book is that there are seven billion people in the world,
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ืž"ืจ: ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:39
and actually, seven billion unique ways to express one's gender.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืฉื‘ืข ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
04:45
And while people may have the genitals of a male or a female,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืื• ื ืงื‘ื”,
04:51
the genitals don't determine your gender
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ืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœื›ื
04:54
or even really your sexual identity.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
04:57
That's just a matter of anatomy
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ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื•ืžื™ื”
04:59
and reproductive tracts,
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ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ื”,
05:00
and people could choose whatever gender they want
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื’ื“ืจ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื
05:04
if they weren't forced by society into categories of either male or female
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ืื ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืื• ื ืงื‘ื”
05:09
the way South Africa used to force people into categories of black or white.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื“ื—ืคื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ืŸ.
05:13
We know from anthropological science that race is fiction,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืžื“ืข ื”ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื’ื–ืข ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื”,
05:17
even though racism is very, very real,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
05:20
and we now know from cultural studies
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื
05:23
that separate male or female genders is a constructed fiction.
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ืฉืžื’ื“ืจื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจ ืื• ื ืงื‘ื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช.
05:27
The reality is a gender fluidity
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช
05:30
that crosses the entire continuum from male to female.
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ืฉื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžื–ื›ืจ ืœื ืงื‘ื”.
05:34
CA: You yourself don't always feel 100 percent female.
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ื›"ื: ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” 100 ืื—ื•ื– ื ืงื‘ื”.
05:37
MR: Correct. I would say in some ways
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ืž"ืจ: ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช
05:40
I change my gender about as often as I change my hairstyle.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืชืกืจื•ืงืช.
05:43
CA: (Laughs) Okay, now, this is your gorgeous daughter, Jenesis.
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ื›"ื: (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื• ื‘ืชืš ื”ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื”, ื’'ื ืกื™ืก.
05:51
And I guess she was about this age when something pretty terrible happened.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื›ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจื ืงืจื”.
05:55
MR: Yes, she was finding herself unable to walk up the stairs
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ืž"ืจ: ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช
06:00
in our house to her bedroom,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”,
06:02
and after several months of doctors,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื ืจื•ืคืื™ื,
06:04
she was diagnosed to have a rare, almost invariably fatal disease
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ื”ื™ื ืื•ื‘ื—ื ื” ืขื ืžื—ืœื” ื ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื•ื•ืช
06:09
called pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืขื•ืจืงื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
06:13
CA: So how did you respond to that?
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื’ื‘ืช ืœื–ื”?
06:15
MR: Well, we first tried to get her to the best doctors we could.
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ืž"ืจ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
06:19
We ended up at Children's National Medical Center in Washington, D.C.
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ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”.
06:23
The head of pediatric cardiology
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ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืงืจื“ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
06:25
told us that he was going to refer her to get a lung transplant,
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ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืคื ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช,
06:30
but not to hold out any hope,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ืช,
06:31
because there are very few lungs available,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื™ืื•ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช,
06:34
especially for children.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื.
06:35
He said that all people with this illness died,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื•,
06:40
and if any of you have seen the film "Lorenzo's Oil,"
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ื•ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ "ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืœื•ืจื ื–ื•,"
06:44
there's a scene when the protagonist
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ื™ืฉ ืกืฆื ื” ื‘ื• ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช
06:46
kind of rolls down the stairway crying and bemoaning the fate of his son,
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ืžืชื’ืœื’ืœืช ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืชืœื•ื ื ืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืœ ื‘ื ื”,
06:53
and that's exactly how we felt about Jenesis.
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืขื ื’'ื ืกื™ืก.
06:56
CA: But you didn't accept that as the limit of what you could do.
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ื›"ื: ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœืช ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:00
You started trying to research and see if you could find a cure somehow.
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ื”ืชื—ืœืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืจืคื ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื.
07:04
MR: Correct. She was in the intensive care ward for weeks at a time,
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ืž"ืจ: ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
07:08
and Bina and I would tag team to stay at the hospital
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืคื ื• ื‘ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื
07:12
while the other watched the rest of the kids,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื—ืจืช ืฉืžืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
07:15
and when I was in the hospital and she was sleeping,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื”,
07:17
I went to the hospital library.
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ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืกืคืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
07:19
I read every article that I could find on pulmonary hypertension.
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ืงืจืืชื™ ื›ืœ ืžืืžืจ ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ืขืœ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืจื™ืืชื™.
07:24
I had not taken any biology, even in college,
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ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื”,
07:27
so I had to go from a biology textbook to a college-level textbook
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœืœื”
07:33
and then medical textbook and the journal articles, back and forth,
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ื•ืื– ืกืคืจื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื, ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืื—ื•ืจื”,
07:37
and eventually I knew enough to think that it might be possible
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
07:41
that somebody could find a cure.
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ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืจืคื.
07:43
So we started a nonprofit foundation.
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ืืช ื”ืงืžื ื• ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
07:47
I wrote a description asking people to submit grants
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืชืื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขื ืงื™ื
07:51
and we would pay for medical research.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
07:54
I became an expert on the condition -- doctors said to me, Martine,
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ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ -- ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™, "ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ,
07:57
we really appreciate all the funding you've provided us,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื ื•,
08:01
but we are not going to be able to find a cure in time
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
08:05
to save your daughter.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืช ืฉืœืš.
08:07
However, there is a medicine
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืชืจื•ืคื”
08:09
that was developed at the Burroughs Wellcome Company
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ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื•ืจื•ื•ืก ื•ื•ืœืงื•ื
08:14
that could halt the progression of the disease,
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ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื”,
08:17
but Burroughs Wellcome has just been acquired by Glaxo Wellcome.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืจื•ื•ืก ื•ื•ืœืงื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ืจื›ืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœืืงืกื• ื•ื•ืœืงื•ื.
08:22
They made a decision not to develop
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื ืœืคืชื—
08:24
any medicines for rare and orphan diseases,
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืชื•ืžื•ืช,
08:28
and maybe you could use your expertise in satellite communications
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื
08:32
to develop this cure for pulmonary hypertension.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืจื™ืืชื™."
08:37
CA: So how on earth did you get access to this drug?
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื”?
08:40
MR: I went to Glaxo Wellcome
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ืž"ืจ: ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื’ืœืืงืกื• ื•ื•ืœืงื•ื
08:42
and after three times being rejected and having the door slammed in my face
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื ื“ื—ื™ืชื™ ื•ื”ื“ืœืช ื ื˜ืจืงื” ื‘ืคื ื™
08:47
because they weren't going to out-license the drug
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืœืชืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชืจื•ืคื”
08:51
to a satellite communications expert,
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ืœืžื•ืžื—ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
08:54
they weren't going to send the drug out to anybody at all,
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ื”ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
09:00
and they thought I didn't have the expertise,
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ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ืช,
09:03
finally I was able to persuade a small team of people to work with me
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื™
09:10
and develop enough credibility.
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ื•ืœืคืชื— ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืžื™ื ื•ืช.
09:12
I wore down their resistance,
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ืฉื—ืงืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:14
and they had no hope this drug would even work, by the way,
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืขื‘ื•ื“, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘,
09:18
and they tried to tell me, "You're just wasting your time.
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ื•ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™, "ืืช ืกืชื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ืช ื–ืžืŸ.
09:20
We're sorry about your daughter."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื˜ืขืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืชืš."
09:22
But finally, for 25,000 dollars
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœ 25,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
09:25
and agreement to pay 10 percent of any revenues we might ever get,
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ื•ื”ืกื›ื ืœืฉืœื 10 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื›ืœ ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื™ ืคืขื ื ืงื‘ืœ,
09:29
they agreed to give me worldwide rights to this drug.
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ื”ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ืคื”.
09:34
CA: And so you put this drug on the market in a really brilliant way,
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ื›"ื: ื•ื›ืš ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืฉื•ืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืžืฉ ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”,
09:40
by basically charging what it would take to make the economics work.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
09:45
MR: Oh yes, Chris, but this really wasn't a drug that I ended up --
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ืž"ืจ: ืื•ื” ื›ืŸ, ื›ืจื™ืก, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื• ืœื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืืœื™ื” ื”ื’ืขื ื• --
09:49
after I wrote the check for 25,000,
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ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ืฆ'ืง ืขืœ 25,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
09:52
and I said, "Okay, where's the medicine for Jenesis?"
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื™ืคื” ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื’'ื ืกื™ืก?"
09:54
they said, "Oh, Martine, there's no medicine for Jenesis.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืื•ื”, ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื’'ื ืกื™ืก.
09:58
This is just something we tried in rats."
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืขื›ื‘ืจื•ืฉื™ื."
10:00
And they gave me, like, a little plastic Ziploc bag
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ื•ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™, ื›ืื™ืœื•, ืฉืงื™ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืงื˜ื ื”
10:04
of a small amount of powder.
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ืขื ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืงื”.
10:05
They said, "Don't give it to any human,"
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืืœ ืชื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื‘ืŸ ืื“ื,"
10:08
and they gave me a piece of paper which said it was a patent,
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ื•ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ ืฉืืžืจื” ืฉื–ื” ืคื˜ื ื˜,
10:12
and from that, we had to figure out a way to make this medicine.
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ื•ืžื–ื”, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืจื•ืคื”.
10:16
A hundred chemists in the U.S. at the top universities
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ืžืื” ื›ื™ืžืื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:19
all swore that little patent could never be turned into a medicine.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื ืฉื‘ืขื• ืฉื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืชืจื•ืคื”.
10:23
If it was turned into a medicine, it could never be delivered
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ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืชืจื•ืคื”, ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ืื•ืชื”
10:27
because it had a half-life of only 45 minutes.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชื” ืœื” ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืง 45 ื“ืงื•ืช.
10:30
CA: And yet, a year or two later, you were there with a medicine
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ื›"ื: ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื ื” ืื• ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฉื ืขื ื”ืชืจื•ืคื”
10:34
that worked for Jenesis.
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ืขืœ ื’'ื ืกื™ืก.
10:38
MR: Chris, the astonishing thing is that this absolutely worthless
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ืž"ืจ: ื›ืจื™ืก, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืื‘ืงื”
10:44
piece of powder
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ื—ืกืจืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ื–ื•
10:45
that had the sparkle of a promise of hope for Jenesis
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื’'ื ืกื™ืก
10:49
is not only keeping Jenesis and other people alive today,
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’'ื ืกื™ืก ื•ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื,
10:54
but produces almost a billion and a half dollars a year in revenue.
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ืืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช.
10:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:02
CA: So here you go.
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื”ื ื” ืœื›ื.
11:05
So you took this company public, right?
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ืื– ื”ื ืคืงืช ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:09
And made an absolute fortune.
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ื•ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืชืง.
11:11
And how much have you paid Glaxo, by the way, after that 25,000?
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืœืžืช ืœื’ืœืืงืกื•, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืื—ืจื™ 25,000 ื”ืืœื”?
11:15
MR: Yeah, well, every year we pay them 10 percent of 1.5 billion,
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ืž"ืจ: ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื”ื 10 ืื—ื•ื– ืžืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื•ื—ืฆื™,
11:19
150 million dollars, last year 100 million dollars.
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150 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” 100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
11:23
It's the best return on investment they ever received. (Laughter)
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ื–ื” ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ ืคืขื ืงื™ื‘ืœื•. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:26
CA: And the best news of all, I guess,
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ื›"ื: ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—,
11:28
is this.
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ื”ืŸ ืืœื”.
11:30
MR: Yes. Jenesis is an absolutely brilliant young lady.
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ืž"ืจ: ื›ืŸ, ื’'ื ืกื™ืก ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”.
11:34
She's alive, healthy today at 30.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 30.
11:36
You see me, Bina and Jenesis there.
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ืื•ืชื™, ื‘ื™ื ื” ื•ื’'ื ืกื™ืก ืฉื.
11:39
The most amazing thing about Jenesis
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื’'ื ืกื™ืก
11:42
is that while she could do anything with her life,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”,
11:45
and believe me, if you grew up your whole life with people
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ื•ืชืืžื™ืŸ ืœื™, ืื ื’ื“ืœืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
11:48
in your face saying that you've got a fatal disease,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื—ืœื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช,
11:51
I would probably run to Tahiti and just not want to run into anybody again.
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ืื ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ืจื—ืช ืœื˜ื”ื™ื˜ื™ ื•ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืฃ ืื—ื“,
11:56
But instead she chooses to work in United Therapeutics.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜ื“ ืชืจืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืก.
11:59
She says she wants to do all she can to help other people
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ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืจื™ื
12:03
with orphan diseases get medicines,
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ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื™ืชื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช.
12:05
and today, she's our project leader for all telepresence activities,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”'ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื•ืง',
12:10
where she helps digitally unite the entire company to work together
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
12:13
to find cures for pulmonary hypertension.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืจืคื ืœื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืจื™ืืชื™.
12:16
CA: But not everyone who has this disease has been so fortunate.
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ื›"ื: ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืœ.
12:19
There are still many people dying, and you are tackling that too. How?
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ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื ื•ืืช ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ื’ื ืœื–ื”, ืื™ืš?
12:24
MR: Exactly, Chris. There's some 3,000 people a year in the United States alone,
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ืž"ืจ: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื›ืจื™ืก. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขืจืš 3,000 ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ื”,
12:28
perhaps 10 times that number worldwide,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืคื™ 10 ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
12:31
who continue to die of this illness
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ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืช ืžื”ืžื—ืœื” ื”ื–ื•
12:33
because the medicines slow down the progression
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืžืื™ื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช
12:36
but they don't halt it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืื•ืชื”.
12:38
The only cure for pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis,
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ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ืจื™ืืชื™, ืคื™ื‘ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ืจื™ืืชื™,
12:42
cystic fibrosis, emphysema,
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ืกื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ื‘ืจื•ื–ื™ืก, ื ืคื—ืช,
12:45
COPD, what Leonard Nimoy just died of,
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COPD, ืžื” ืฉืœืื•ื ืจื“ ื ื™ืžื•ื™ ืžืช ืžืžื ื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
12:48
is a lung transplant,
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ื–ื• ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืจื™ืื•ืช,
12:50
but sadly, there are only enough available lungs for 2,000 people
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืจื™ืื•ืช ืจืง ืœ 2,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
12:55
in the U.S. a year to get a lung transplant,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช,
12:58
whereas nearly a half million people a year
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”
13:01
die of end-stage lung failure.
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ืžืชื™ื ืžื›ืฉืœ ืจื™ืืชื™ ืกื•ืคื ื™.
13:04
CA: So how can you address that?
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืื™ืš ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื”?
13:06
MR: So I conceptualize the possibility
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ืž"ืจ: ืื– ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
13:09
that just like we keep cars and planes
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
13:12
and buildings going forever
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ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื,
13:15
with an unlimited supply of building parts and machine parts,
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ืขื ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื•ื—ืœืงื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
13:19
why can't we create an unlimited supply of transplantable organs
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื”,
13:22
to keep people living indefinitely,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื“,
13:25
and especially people with lung disease.
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื™ืื”.
13:28
So we've teamed up with the decoder of the human genome, Craig Venter,
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ืื– ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืœืžืงื•ื“ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ื•ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืงืจื™ื™ื’ ื•ื ื˜ืจ,
13:33
and the company he founded
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ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืกื“
13:35
with Peter Diamandis, the founder of the X Prize,
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ืขื ืคื™ื˜ืจ ื“ื™ืืžื ื˜ื™ืก, ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืฉืœ ืคืจืก X,
13:38
to genetically modify
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
13:41
the pig genome
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ืืช ื’ื ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื
13:42
so that the pig's organs will not be rejected by the human body
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ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื ื™ื™ื“ื—ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
13:47
and thereby to create an unlimited supply
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ื•ื›ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ
13:50
of transplantable organs.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื”.
13:52
We do this through our company, United Therapeutics.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื˜ื“ ืชืจืคื•ื™ื˜ื™ืงืก.
13:55
CA: So you really believe that within, what, a decade,
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืืช ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืชื•ืš, ื›ืžื”, ืขืฉื•ืจ,
13:58
that this shortage of transplantable lungs maybe be cured, through these guys?
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ืฉื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืœื” ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”?
14:03
MR: Absolutely, Chris.
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ืž"ืจ: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜, ื›ืจื™ืก.
14:04
I'm as certain of that as I was of the success that we've had
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื•
14:08
with direct television broadcasting, Sirius XM.
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ืขื ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื, ืกื™ืจื™ื•ืก XM.
14:11
It's actually not rocket science.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ืžื“ืข ื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
14:13
It's straightforward engineering away one gene after another.
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ื–ื• ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื ื™.
14:17
We're so lucky to be born in the time that sequencing genomes
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ ื’ื ื•ืžื™ื
14:21
is a routine activity,
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ื”ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช,
14:24
and the brilliant folks at Synthetic Genomics
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื˜ื˜ื™ืง ื’'ื ื•ืžื™ืงืก
14:26
are able to zero in on the pig genome,
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื’ื ื•ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ,
14:28
find exactly the genes that are problematic, and fix them.
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ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื.
14:32
CA: But it's not just bodies that -- though that is amazing.
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ื›"ื: ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืคื™ื -- ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
14:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:38
It's not just long-lasting bodies that are of interest to you now.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœืชืžื™ื“ ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
14:42
It's long-lasting minds.
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืœืขื“.
14:45
And I think this graph for you says something quite profound.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
14:50
What does this mean?
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?
14:52
MR: What this graph means, and it comes from Ray Kurzweil,
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ืž"ืจ: ืžื” ืฉื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ื–ื” ืžืจืื”, ื•ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืจื™ื™ ืงื•ืจืฆื•ื•ื™ืœ,
14:55
is that the rate of development in computer processing
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ื–ื” ืฉืงืฆื‘ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™
15:00
hardware, firmware and software,
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ื—ื•ืžืจื”, ืงื•ืฉื—ื” ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื”,
15:03
has been advancing along a curve
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ื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืื•ืจืš ืขืงื•ืžื”
15:06
such that by the 2020s, as we saw in earlier presentations today,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ 2020, ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื•ื,
15:10
there will be information technology
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
15:13
that processes information and the world around us
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ืฉืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
15:17
at the same rate as a human mind.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
15:20
CA: And so that being so, you're actually getting ready for this world
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ื›"ื: ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ื›ืš, ืืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
15:24
by believing that we will soon be able to, what,
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ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ื ื•ื›ืœ, ืžื”,
15:28
actually take the contents of our brains and somehow preserve them forever?
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืชืžื™ื“?
15:34
How do you describe that?
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
15:36
MR: Well, Chris, what we're working on is creating a situation
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ืž"ืจ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื›ืจื™ืก, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘
15:40
where people can create a mind file,
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ื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื•ื“ืขื”,
15:43
and a mind file is the collection of their mannerisms, personality,
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ื•ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื•ื ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช,
15:47
recollection, feelings,
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ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
15:49
beliefs, attitudes and values,
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื,
15:50
everything that we've poured today into Google, into Amazon, into Facebook,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉืคื›ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื’ื•ื’ืœ, ืœืชื•ืš ืืžืื–ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง,
15:56
and all of this information stored there will be able, in the next couple decades,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฉื ืื’ืจ ืฉื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
16:03
once software is able to recapitulate consciousness,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื”,
16:07
be able to revive the consciousness which is imminent in our mind file.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•.
16:12
CA: Now you're not just messing around with this.
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ื›"ื: ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ืœื ืจืง ืžืชืขืกืงืช ืขื ื–ื”.
16:15
You're serious. I mean, who is this?
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ืืช ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ ื–ื”?
16:18
MR: This is a robot version of my beloved spouse, Bina.
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ืž"ืจ: ื–ื• ื’ืจืกื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื ื”.
16:22
And we call her Bina 48.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื” 48.
16:25
She was programmed by Hanson Robotics out of Texas.
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ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืกื•ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื˜ืงืกืก.
16:28
There's the centerfold from National Geographic magazine
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ื”ื ื” ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืืžืฆืข ืžืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืœ ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืง
16:31
with one of her caregivers,
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ืขื ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœื”,
16:34
and she roams the web
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
16:36
and has hundreds of hours of Bina's mannerisms, personalities.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช.
16:41
She's kind of like a two-year-old kid,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
16:43
but she says things that blow people away,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื,
16:46
best expressed by perhaps
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ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื•ืœื™
16:49
a New York Times Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Amy Harmon
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ืช ื–ื•ื›ืช ืคืจืก ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืฆืจ ืžื”ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ืื™ื™ืžื™ ื”ืจืžื•ืŸ
16:53
who says her answers are often frustrating,
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ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ืŸ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืกื›ืœื•ืช,
16:55
but other times as compelling as those of any flesh person she's interviewed.
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ืื‘ืœ ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืื™ื™ื ื”.
17:02
CA: And is your thinking here, part of your hope here, is that
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ื›"ื: ื•ื”ืื ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืš ืคื”, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืœืš ืคื”, ื”ื™ื
17:06
this version of Bina can in a sense live on forever, or some future upgrade
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ืฉื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื—, ืื• ืฉืฉื“ืจื•ื’ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื
17:13
to this version can live on forever?
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ืœื’ืจืกื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื“?
17:15
MR: Yes. Not just Bina, but everybody.
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ืž"ืจ: ื›ืŸ, ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืืœื ื›ื•ืœื.
17:17
You know, it costs us virtually nothing to store our mind files
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื• ืžืžืฉ ื›ืœื•ื ืœืื’ื•ืจ ืืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•
17:21
on Facebook, Instagram, what-have-you.
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ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ืื™ื ืกื˜ื’ืจื, ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”.
17:24
Social media is I think one of the most extraordinary inventions of our time,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื ื•,
17:28
and as apps become available that will allow us
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ื•ื›ืฉืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื•
17:32
to out-Siri Siri, better and better,
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ืœืขืงื•ืฃ ืืช ืกื™ืจื™, ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ,
17:35
and develop consciousness operating systems,
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ื•ืœืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืœืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช,
17:38
everybody in the world, billions of people,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
17:41
will be able to develop mind clones of themselves
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื— ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื”ื
17:45
that will have their own life on the web.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืจืฉืช.
17:47
CA: So the thing is, Martine,
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ,
17:49
that in any normal conversation, this would sound stark-staring mad,
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช, ื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
17:53
but in the context of your life, what you've done,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš, ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืช,
17:56
some of the things we've heard this week,
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
17:58
the constructed realities that our minds give,
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืชื ืช,
18:00
I mean, you wouldn't bet against it.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื”ืžืจ ื ื’ื“ ื–ื”.
18:04
MR: Well, I think it's really nothing coming from me.
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ืž"ืจ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœื•ื ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื ื™.
18:07
If anything, I'm perhaps a bit of a communicator of activities
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ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืื ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืžืขื˜ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช
18:14
that are being undertaken by the greatest companies
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ืฉื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช
18:17
in China, Japan, India, the U.S., Europe.
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ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื™ืคืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
18:21
There are tens of millions of people working on writing code
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ื™ืฉ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืงื•ื“
18:25
that expresses more and more aspects of our human consciousness,
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื ื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
18:29
and you don't have to be a genius to see that all these threads
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ื•ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
18:34
are going to come together and ultimately create human consciousness,
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ื™ืชื—ื‘ืจื• ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืจื• ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
18:38
and it's something we'll value.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืขืจื™ืš.
18:40
There are so many things to do in this life,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
18:43
and if we could have a simulacrum, a digital doppelgรคnger of ourselves
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ื•ืื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื™ืฆื•ื’, ื›ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื•
18:47
that helps us process books, do shopping,
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื ื™ื•ืช,
18:50
be our best friends,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
18:52
I believe our mind clones, these digital versions of ourselves,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื›ืคื™ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
18:55
will ultimately be our best friends,
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
18:58
and for me personally and Bina personally,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืฉื™,
19:00
we love each other like crazy.
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ืื—ื ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื•ื’ืขื™ื.
19:02
Each day, we are always saying, like,
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ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
19:03
"Wow, I love you even more than 30 years ago.
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"ื•ื•ืื•, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืื•ืชืš ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื”.
19:06
And so for us, the prospect of mind clones
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืคื™ืœื™ ืชื•ื“ืขื”
19:09
and regenerated bodies
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ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ
19:11
is that our love affair, Chris, can go on forever.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืจื™ืก, ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื“.
19:14
And we never get bored of each other. I'm sure we never will.
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืฉืชืขืžื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™. ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื.
19:17
CA: I think Bina's here, right? MR: She is, yeah.
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ื›"ื: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื™ื ื” ืคื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืž"ืจ: ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
19:20
CA: Would it be too much, I don't know, do we have a handheld mic?
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ื›"ื: ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“?
19:23
Bina, could we invite you to the stage? I just have to ask you one question.
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ื‘ื™ื ื”, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš ืœื‘ืžื”? ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืื•ืชืš ืฉืืœื”.
19:27
Besides, we need to see you.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš.
19:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
19:35
Thank you, thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”, ืชื•ื“ื”.
19:36
Come and join Martine here.
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ื‘ื•ืื™ ืชืฆื˜ืจืคื™ ืœืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืคื”.
19:39
I mean, look, when you got married,
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ืชืจืื™, ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืชื ืชื,
19:44
if someone had told you that, in a few years time,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืฉืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
19:47
the man you were marrying would become a woman,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ืื™ืชื• ื”ืชื—ืชื ืช ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื™ืฉื”,
19:49
and a few years after that, you would become a robot --
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืืช ืชื”ืคื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ --
19:52
(Laughter) --
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
19:55
how has this gone? How has it been?
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ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“? ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”?
19:59
Bina Rothblatt: It's been really an exciting journey,
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ื‘ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืช'ื‘ืœืื˜: ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืข ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื’ืฉ,
20:01
and I would have never thought that at the time,
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ,
20:04
but we started making goals and setting those goals
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช
20:07
and accomplishing things,
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ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
20:09
and before you knew it, we just keep going up and up
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื ื• ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžืขืœื”
20:11
and we're still not stopping, so it's great.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ืฆืจื™ื. ืื– ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื”.
20:14
CA: Martine told me something really beautiful,
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ื›"ื: ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืืžืจื” ืœื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืžืฉ ื™ืคื™ืคื”,
20:17
just actually on Skype before this,
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ื‘ืกืงื™ื™ืค ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”,
20:20
which was that he wanted to live for hundreds of years
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
20:25
as a mind file,
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ื›ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืชื•ื“ืขื”,
20:28
but not if it wasn't with you.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื ื–ื” ืื™ืชืš.
20:31
BR: That's right, we want to do it together.
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ื‘"ืจ: ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“.
20:33
We're cryonicists as well, and we want to wake up together.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ืงืจื™ื•ื’ื ื™ืงื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื™ื—ื“.
20:36
CA: So just so as you know, from my point of view,
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืจืง ืฉืชื“ืขื•, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœื™,
20:39
this isn't only one of the most astonishing lives I have heard,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคืœื™ืื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™,
20:42
it's one of the most astonishing love stories I've ever heard.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžืคืœื™ืื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™.
20:45
It's just a delight to have you both here at TED.
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ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื ื’ ืœืืจื— ืืช ืฉื ื™ื›ื ืคื” ื‘TED.
20:48
Thank you so much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
20:49
MR: Thank you.
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ืž"ืจ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš.
20:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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