Debbie Millman: How symbols and brands shape our humanity | TED

169,875 views ใƒป 2020-03-06

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Tal Hemo ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Thirteen point eight billion years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 13.8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉื ื”,
00:17
the universe as we know it began with a big bang,
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ื”ื™ืงื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืคืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
00:21
and everything that we know and are and are made of was created.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื ื‘ืจื.
00:29
Fifty thousand years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 50,000 ืฉื ื”,
00:31
our brains underwent a major genetic mutation,
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ืžื•ื—ื ื• ืขื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื ื˜ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™,
00:35
which resulted in the biological reorganization of the brain.
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ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
00:40
Some scientists call this "The Big Brain Bang."
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ื›ืžื” ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• "ืžืคืฅ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ".
00:45
Others call it "The Great Leap Forward,"
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” "ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื”",
00:49
which I prefer.
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ืื•ืชื• ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืคื”.
00:50
It's so much more poetic.
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื•ืื˜ื™.
00:52
This is when Homo sapiens began to evolve into the modern species that we are today.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืžื• ืกืคื™ื™ื ืก ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ืืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืฉืื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:59
The Great Leap Forward activated most of our modern abilities:
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ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช:
01:04
abstract thought, planning,
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ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช, ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ,
01:08
cooking, competitive labor,
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ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ืช,
01:10
language, art, music
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ืฉืคื”, ืืžื ื•ืช, ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
01:13
and self-decoration.
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ื•ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฆืžื™.
01:15
After the Great Leap Forward,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
01:17
there was an explosion of stone toolmaking,
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ื”ื™ื” ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืื‘ืŸ,
01:21
more sophisticated weaponry
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ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:24
and, 32,000 years ago,
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ื•ืœืคื ื™ 32,000 ืฉื ื”,
01:27
the creation of our first sophisticated mark-making on the cave walls of Lascaux.
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจืช ืœืืกืงื•.
01:35
It's not a coincidence that we've gone from documenting our reality
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืงืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
01:39
on the cave walls of Lascaux
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ืขืœ ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจืช ืœืืกืงื•
01:42
to the walls of Facebook.
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ืืœ ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
01:45
And, in a very meta experience,
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ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืžื˜ืื™ืช ืžืื•ื“,
01:48
you can now a book a trip to see the walls of Lascaux
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขืจืช ืœืืกืงื•
01:53
on the walls of Facebook.
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ื‘ืงื™ืจ ื”ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
01:56
Approximately 10,000 years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 10,000 ืฉื ื” ืœืขืจืš,
01:58
men and women began to array themselves with makeup.
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ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืื™ืคื•ืจ.
02:04
They started to self-decorate.
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ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืขืฆืžื™.
02:06
But this wasn't for seductive purposes; this was for religious convictions.
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ืืš ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื™; ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช.
02:11
We wanted to be more beautiful, purer, cleaner
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื™ื, ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:16
in the eyes of something or someone
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
02:19
that we believed had more power than we did.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื— ืžืื™ืชื ื•, ื›ืš ื”ืืžื ื•.
02:22
There is no culture
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื
02:25
in recorded human history
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ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
02:27
that has not practiced some form of organized worship,
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ืฉืœื ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ,
02:32
which we now call "religion."
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ืื•ืชื” ืื ื• ืžื›ื ื™ื ื›ืขืช "ื“ืช".
02:36
Six thousand years ago, in an effort to unite people,
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ืœืคื ื™ 6,000 ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ืœืื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:40
our ancestors began to design telegraphic symbols to represent beliefs
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ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืฆื‘ ืกืžืœื™ื ื˜ืœื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช
02:47
and to identify affiliations.
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ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืช.
02:49
These symbols connected like-minded people,
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ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื—ื™ื‘ืจื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
02:53
and they are all extraordinary.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
02:56
These affiliations allowed us to feel safer and more secure in groups,
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ื”ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืื™ืคืฉืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช,
03:01
and the sharing created consensus around what the symbols represented.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ื• ื”ืกืžืœื™ื.
03:06
With these marks, you knew where you fit in,
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ืขื ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื“ืขืชื ืœืืŸ ืืชื ืžืฉืชื™ื™ื›ื™ื,
03:10
both for the people that were in the in crowd
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ
03:13
and those, as importantly, that were excluded.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื•.
03:17
These symbols were created in what I consider to be a very bottom-up manner:
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ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืžืœืžื˜ื”-ืœืžืขืœื”:
03:23
they were made by people for people
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ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:26
and then shared for free among people
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ื•ืื– ื—ื•ืœืงื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื
03:30
to honor the higher power that they ascribed to.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื—ืกื• ืœื•.
03:34
What's ironic is that the higher power actually had nothing to do with this.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ื”.
03:40
These early affiliations,
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ื”ืฉื™ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
03:42
they often shared identical characteristics,
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื—ืœืงื• ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื
03:45
which is rather baffling
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ืฉื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืคืชื™ืข
03:47
given how scattered we were all over the planet.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:51
We constructed similar rituals, practices and behaviors
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื, ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช
03:55
no matter where we were anywhere on the globe.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
04:00
We constructed rituals to create symbolic logos.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกืžืœื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื.
04:06
We built environments for worship.
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื•ืœื—ืŸ.
04:08
We developed strict rules on how to engage with each other
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืœื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™,
04:12
with food, with hair,
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ืขื ืื•ื›ืœ, ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ,
04:15
with birth, with death,
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ืขื ืœื™ื“ื”, ืขื ืžื•ื•ืช,
04:17
with marriage and procreation.
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ืขื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ื”.
04:19
Some of the symbols have eerie commonalities.
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ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
04:24
The hand of God shows up over and over and over again.
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ื™ื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
04:30
It shows up as the hamsa hand in Mesopotamia.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ื™ื“ ื”ื—ืžืกื” ื‘ืžึถืกื•ึนืคึผื•ึนื˜ึทืžึฐื™ึธื”.
04:33
It shows us as the hand of Fatima in Islam.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื˜ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื™ืกืœื.
04:37
It shows up as the hand of Miriam in Judaism.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื›ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช.
04:40
Now, when we didn't agree on what our beliefs and behaviors were
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ื›ืฉืœื ื”ืกื›ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
04:46
in regards to others,
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
04:47
if we felt that somebody else's were incorrect,
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ื›ืฉื”ืจื’ืฉื ื• ืฉื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื,
04:52
we began to fight,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืœื—ื,
04:54
and many of our first wars were religious.
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ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ื“ืช.
04:57
Our flags were used on the battlefield
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ื”ื“ื’ืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืฃ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘
04:59
to signify which side of the battlefield we belonged to,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžืŸ ืœืื™ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ ืื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื,
05:03
because that was the only way to be able to tell friend from foe.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจ ืœืื•ื™ื‘.
05:08
We all looked alike.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืจืื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:10
And now our flags are on mass-manufactured uniforms
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื“ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ-ื”ืžื•ื ื™
05:15
that we are making.
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื.
05:16
Logos on products to identify a maker came next,
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ืกืžืœื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืกื™ืžื•ืœ ื™ืฆืจืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš,
05:19
and brands were given legal recognition on January 1, 1876,
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ื•ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื›ืจื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘-1 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 1876,
05:26
with the advent of the Trademarks Registration Act.
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ืขื ื”ื•ืคืขืช "ื—ื•ืง ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ".
05:29
The first trademarked brand was Bass Ale,
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ื”ืกืžืœ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” "ื‘ืก ืื™ื™ืœ",
05:33
and I kind of wonder what that says about our humanity
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ื•ืื ื™ ืชื•ื”ื” ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
05:37
that first trademarked brand was an alcoholic beverage.
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ืฉื”ืกืžืœ ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™.
05:42
Now, here is what I consider to be
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”
05:44
the first case of branded product placement.
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ื›ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืžื•ืชื’.
05:48
There are bottles of Bass Ale behind me
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ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ "ื‘ืก ืื™ื™ืœ" ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื™
05:52
with the logo accurately presented here
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ืขื ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื›ืืŸ
05:55
in this very famous painting in 1882 by ร‰douard Manet.
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ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1882 ืฉืœ ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ืžืื ื”.
06:01
One of the most widely recognized logos in the world today
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ืื—ื“ ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื•ื
06:07
is the Nike swoosh,
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ื”ื•ื ื”"ืกื•ื•ื•ืฉ" ืฉืœ 'ื ื™ื™ืง',
06:09
which was introduced in 1971.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1971.
06:12
Carolyn Davidson, a graphic design student,
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ืงืจื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื™ื“ืกื•ืŸ, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื’ืจืคื™,
06:15
originally created the logo for 35 dollars.
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ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœ-35 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
06:21
Upon seeing it, Nike CEO Phil Knight stated,
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ื›ืฉืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืืžืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ 'ื ื™ื™ืง', ืคื™ืœ ื ื™ื™ื˜,
06:26
"I don't love it
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"ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”
06:28
but maybe it will grow on me."
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื™ืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ."
06:31
Maybe it will grow on me.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื™ืžืฆื ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™.
06:34
But why is the swoosh so popular?
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ืืš ืžื“ื•ืข ื”"ืกื•ื•ื•ืฉ" ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™?
06:36
Why is the swoosh so popular?
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ืœืžื” ื”"ืกื•ื•ื•ืฉ" ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™?
06:38
Is it the mark?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ?
06:41
Or is the marketing?
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ืื• ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง?
06:43
And what can we make of the fact
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
06:47
that the Nike swoosh seems to be
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ืฉื”"ืกื•ื•ื•ืฉ" ืฉืœ 'ื ื™ื™ืง'
ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ 'ื ื™ื•ืคื•ืจื˜' ื”ืคื•ืš
06:51
the Newport logo upside down
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06:56
or the Capital One logo on its side?
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ืื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ืฉืœ 'ืงืคื™ื˜ืœ ื•ื•ืืŸ' ืขืœ ื”ืฆื“?
07:00
That is not the only logo with a shared identity.
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
07:06
This next logo is a logo that has a shared identity
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ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช
07:11
with wholly different meanings.
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ืขื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
07:15
As a Jewish person,
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ื›ืื“ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™,
07:16
I believe that this logo,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื–ื”,
07:19
this swastika,
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ื”ืกื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื–ื”,
07:21
is the most heinous logo of all time.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ืžืชื•ืขื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.
07:25
But it actually has a rather surprising trajectory.
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ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืกืข ืžืคืชื™ืข.
07:29
The word "swastika" originally comes from
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ืžืงื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืกื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื”"
ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” "ืกื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื”" ื‘ืกื ืกืงืจื™ื˜,
07:33
the ancient Sanskrit word "svastika,"
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07:37
which actually means "good fortune,"
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” "ืžื‘ืฉืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช",
07:39
"luck" and "well-being."
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"ืžื–ืœ" ื•-"ืฉึฐืืœื•ึนืžื•ึผืช".
07:42
In the early 1900s, before it was appropriated by Hitler,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 1900, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื›ืก ืœื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ,
07:47
it was used by Coca-Cola
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ื”ืกืžืœ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืืช ืงื•ืงื”-ืงื•ืœื”
07:50
on a good luck bottle opener.
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ื›ืคื•ืชื—ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื.
07:53
The American Biscuit Company prominently registered the mark
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"ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืกืงื•ื•ื™ื˜ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช" ืจืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ืกืžืœ
07:57
and put it on boxes of cookies.
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ื•ืฉืžื” ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
07:59
The US Playing Card Company registered the mark in 1921
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"ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช" ืจืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ืกืžืœ ื‘-1921
08:04
for Fortune Playing Cards.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงืœืคื™ ืžืฉื—ืง.
08:06
The Boy Scouts used the mark on shoes in 1910,
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ื”ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื ืขืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1910,
08:10
and the symbol was also featured on cigar labels, boxtops, road signs
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ื•ื”ืกืžืœ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ ืกื™ื’ืจื™ื, ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืชืžืจื•ืจื™ื
08:17
and even poker chips.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืกื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืคื•ืงืจ.
08:19
Even the Jain made use of the logo along with a hand of God
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’'ื™ื™ื ื™ื–ื (ื“ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช) ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืœื•ื’ื• ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื™ื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื
08:24
many millennia ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:27
These marks were identical,
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ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื–ื”ื™ื,
08:29
but with use as a Nazi symbol,
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ืืš ืžืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืกืžืœ ื”ื ืืฆื™ื,
08:31
the impact became very, very different.
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ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื”.
08:35
The hand of God,
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ื™ื“ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื,
08:37
the Nike swoosh
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ื”"ืกื•ื•ื•ืฉ" ืฉืœ 'ื ื™ื™ืง'
08:39
and the swastika:
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ื•ื”ืกื•ื•ืกื˜ื™ืงื”:
08:41
they all demonstrate how we've been manufacturing meaning with visual language
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื’ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืš ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืคื” ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ืช
08:46
over millennia.
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
08:49
It's a behavior that's almost as old as we are.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื ื”ื’ ื•ืชื™ืง ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
08:53
Today, in the United States,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
08:55
there are over 116,000 malls,
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ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœ-116,000 ืงื ื™ื•ื ื™ื,
09:00
and they all look pretty much the same.
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื ืจืื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:03
There are more than 40,000 supermarkets,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40,000 ืกื•ืคืจืžืจืงื˜ื™ื,
09:07
and they each have over 40,000 items.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40,000 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.
09:11
If you went shopping for bottled water,
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ืื ืชืœื›ื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง ืžื™ื,
09:13
you'd have over 80 options to choose from.
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ืชืชืงืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-80 ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื”ืŸ.
09:17
Since their launch in 1912,
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ืžืื– ื”ืฉืงืชื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1912,
09:20
you could choose from over 100 flavors and variants of Oreo cookies.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžืชื•ืš 100 ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื’ื™ื•ืช 'ืื•ืจื™ืื•'.
09:27
Now, is this a good thing
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘
09:30
or is it a bad thing?
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ืื• ืจืข?
09:33
Is a plethora of choice necessary in a free market?
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ื”ืื ืฉืคืข ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื—ื•ืคืฉื™?
09:36
I believe it is both a good and bad thing,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืจืข ื›ืื—ื“,
09:40
as humans are both good and bad,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™-ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืจืขื™ื,
09:42
and we're the ones creating and using and buying these brands.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืืœื• ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:47
However, I think that the question
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ืืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืฉืืœื”
09:50
of whether this behavior is good or bad is actually secondary
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ื”ืื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
09:55
to understanding why --
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ืœื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” --
09:58
why we behave this way in the first place.
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืš ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
10:04
Here's the thing:
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ื–ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ:
10:06
every one of our mass-marketed products
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื”ืžื•ื ื™
10:09
are what I consider to be top-down brands.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื”:
10:13
They're still created by people,
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ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
10:16
but they are owned, operated, manufactured, advertised,
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ืืš ื”ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื, ืžืชื•ืคืขืœื™ื, ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื,
10:20
designed, promoted and distributed by the corporation
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ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ื™ื, ืžืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ืคืฆื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“
10:24
and pushed down and sold to the consumer for financial gain.
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ื•ื ื“ื—ืคื™ื ื•ื ืžื›ืจื™ื ืœืœืงื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ืกืคื™.
10:29
These corporations have a responsibility to a P and L
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ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื— ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื”ืคืกื“
10:32
with an expectation of an ROI
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ืขื ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื”
10:35
and have names like P and G and AT and T and J and J.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• "ืคื™ ืื ื“ ื’'ื™" ื•"ืื™ื™ ื˜ื™ ืื ื“ ื˜ื™" ื•"ื’'ื™ื™ ืื ื“ ื’'ื™ื™".
10:42
And that's pretty much the way it's been for the last couple of hundred years:
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš 200 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช:
10:47
a top-down model controlled by the corporation.
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“.
10:52
Until 2011.
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ืขื“ 2011.
10:56
That's when we began to see evidence
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ืฉื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืจืื™ื•ืช
10:59
of real, significant, far-reaching change.
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ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืžืจื—ื™ืง-ืœื›ืช.
11:04
The Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street
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ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜
11:07
proved how the internet could amplify messages
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ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจื™ื
11:11
and connect like-minded people
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื
11:13
with powerful beliefs to inspire change.
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ืขื ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
11:16
We witnessed a cultural shift via social media
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
11:19
with hashtags like #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter.
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ืขื ืชื™ื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื• "ืžื™ ื˜ื•" ื•-"ื—ื™ื™ ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื".
11:24
In its wake, the discipline of branding
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ืื—ืจื™ื”ื, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื™ืชื•ื’
11:27
has transformed more in the last 10 years
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ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
11:31
than it has in the last 10,000,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืœืื•ืจืš 10,000 ืฉื ื”,
11:35
and for the first time in modern history,
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ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
11:39
the most popular, influential brands
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ื”ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:41
are not brands being pushed down by the corporation.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉื ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื.
11:46
They are brands being pushed up by the people, for the people,
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ื”ื ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
11:50
for the sole purpose of changing the world and making it a better place.
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ืœืžืขืŸ ืžื˜ืจื” ืื—ืช - ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:55
Our greatest innovations aren't brands providing a different form
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”
12:00
or a different flavor of our favorite snack.
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ืื• ื˜ืขื ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
12:03
Our greatest innovations are the creation of brands
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื
12:06
that can make a difference in our lives
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
12:09
and reflect the kind of world that we want to live in.
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ื•ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
12:12
In November of 2016,
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ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016,
12:15
Krista Suh, Jayna Zweiman and Kat Coyle
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ืงืจื™ืกื˜ื” ืกื•ื”, ื’'ื™ื™ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ืžืŸ ื•ืงื˜ ืงื•ื™ืœ
12:18
created a hat to be worn at the Women's March in Washington, DC.
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ื™ืฆืจื• ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืœื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆืขื“ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ.
12:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:26
This was the day after the presidential inauguration.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืฉื‘ืขื” ื”ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ืช.
12:30
Two months later, on January 21, 2017,
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ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ-ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ 21 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ, 2017,
12:34
millions of people all over the world wore handmade pink pussyhats
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื‘ืฉื• ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ ื’ืจื‘ ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื“ื™ื
12:40
in support of the Women's March all over the world.
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ื›ืื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืขื“ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:44
The hat was not created for any financial benefit.
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ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืœื ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื›ืกืคื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
12:48
Like our religious symbols created thousands of years ago,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
12:51
the hat was created by the people, for the people
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ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
12:55
to serve what I believe is the highest benefit of branding:
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ืœืฉืจืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื›ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืชื•ื’:
13:00
to unite people in the communication
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ืœืื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช
13:03
of shared ideals.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
13:06
The pink pussyhat became a mark for a movement.
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ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ืจื•ื“ ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกืžืœ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”.
13:09
In a very short time, two months,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“, ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื,
13:13
it became universally recognizable.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
13:16
It connected an audience in an unprecedented way.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื.
13:21
It is a brand,
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ื–ื” ืžื•ืชื’,
13:23
but it is more than that.
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ืืš ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš.
13:25
Today, the pink pussyhat is proof positive
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ืจื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”
13:28
that branding is not just a tool of capitalism.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ื›ืœื™ ืœืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื.
13:33
Branding is the profound manifestation of the human spirit.
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ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืื“ื.
13:37
The condition of branding has always reflected the condition of our culture.
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ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื™ืงืฃ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
13:45
It is our responsibility
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื™ื ื•
13:47
to continue to leverage the democratic power branding provides,
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ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ืชื•ื’ ืžืกืคืง,
13:52
and it is our responsibility
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื™ื ื•
13:55
to design a culture that reflects
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ืœืขืฆื‘ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืงืคืช
13:58
and honors
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ื•ืžื›ื‘ื“ืช
14:01
the kind of world we want to live in.
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ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
14:03
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
14:04
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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