Debbie Millman: How symbols and brands shape our humanity | TED

163,115 views ・ 2020-03-06

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jihye Choi κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Thirteen point eight billion years ago,
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138μ–΅ λ…„ 전에
00:17
the universe as we know it began with a big bang,
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό λΉ…λ±…μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
and everything that we know and are and are made of was created.
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것듀이 μ°½μ‘°λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:29
Fifty thousand years ago,
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5만 λ…„ 전에
00:31
our brains underwent a major genetic mutation,
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우리의 λ‡ŒλŠ” μ£Όμš”ν•œ μœ μ „μ  λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό κ²ͺμ—ˆλŠ”λ°
00:35
which resulted in the biological reorganization of the brain.
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이것은 λ‡Œλ₯Ό μƒλ¬Όν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°œνŽΈμ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
Some scientists call this "The Big Brain Bang."
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일뢀 κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이것을 "λΉ… 브레인 λ±…"이라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
Others call it "The Great Leap Forward,"
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 이듀은 "μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 도약"이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”데
00:49
which I prefer.
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μ „ 이게 더 μ’‹μ•„μš”.
00:50
It's so much more poetic.
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맀우 μ‹œμ μΈ 이름이죠.
00:52
This is when Homo sapiens began to evolve into the modern species that we are today.
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이것이 호λͺ¨ μ‚¬ν”Όμ—”μŠ€κ°€ ν˜„λŒ€μ μΈ 인λ₯˜λ‘œ μ§„ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
The Great Leap Forward activated most of our modern abilities:
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 도약은 μΈκ°„μ˜ ν˜„λŒ€μ  λŠ₯λ ₯의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ„ ν™œμ„±μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
abstract thought, planning,
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관념적인 생각, κ³„νš
01:08
cooking, competitive labor,
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μš”λ¦¬, 경쟁적인 일,
01:10
language, art, music
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μ–Έμ–΄, 예술, μŒμ•…
01:13
and self-decoration.
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그리고 μžμ‹ μ„ κΎΈλ―ΈλŠ” 것.
01:15
After the Great Leap Forward,
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μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 도약 이후에
01:17
there was an explosion of stone toolmaking,
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석기 μ œμž‘μ΄ 폭발적으둜 λ°œλ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
more sophisticated weaponry
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더 μ •κ΅ν•œ 무기죠.
01:24
and, 32,000 years ago,
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그리고 32,000 λ…„ μ „, λΌμŠ€μ½” λ™κ΅΄μ˜ 벽에
01:27
the creation of our first sophisticated mark-making on the cave walls of Lascaux.
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 첫번째 철학적인 문양듀이 μƒˆκ²¨μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
01:35
It's not a coincidence that we've gone from documenting our reality
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λΌμŠ€μ½” λ™κ΅΄μ˜ λ²½μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
01:39
on the cave walls of Lascaux
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νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ— κΉŒμ§€ ν˜„μ‹€μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜λŠ” 것은
01:42
to the walls of Facebook.
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μš°μ—°μ˜ μΌμΉ˜κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
And, in a very meta experience,
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그리고 맀우 높은 μ°¨μ›μ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ—μ„œ
01:48
you can now a book a trip to see the walls of Lascaux
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆμ—μ„œ
01:53
on the walls of Facebook.
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λΌμŠ€μ½” λ™κ΅΄μ˜ 벽을 λ³΄λŸ¬κ°€λŠ” 여행을 μ˜ˆμ•½ν•  수 있죠.
01:56
Approximately 10,000 years ago,
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μ•½ 1만 λ…„ 전에
01:58
men and women began to array themselves with makeup.
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남성과 여성은 ν™”μž₯으둜 슀슀둜λ₯Ό κΎΈλ―ΈκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
They started to self-decorate.
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자기 치μž₯을 μ‹œμž‘ν•œ κ±°μ£ .
02:06
But this wasn't for seductive purposes; this was for religious convictions.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 유혹의 λͺ©μ μ€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκ³  쒅ꡐ적 신념을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
02:11
We wanted to be more beautiful, purer, cleaner
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인λ₯˜λŠ” μžμ‹ λ³΄λ‹€ κ°•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ―ΏλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬μ—κ²Œ
02:16
in the eyes of something or someone
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더 아름닡고, μˆœμˆ˜ν•˜κ³ ,
02:19
that we believed had more power than we did.
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깨끗해보이길 μ›ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
There is no culture
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 기둝된 μ—­μ‚¬μ—λŠ”
02:25
in recorded human history
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  β€˜μ’…κ΅β€™λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ”
02:27
that has not practiced some form of organized worship,
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μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 숭배λ₯Ό
02:32
which we now call "religion."
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ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ λ¬Έν™”λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
Six thousand years ago, in an effort to unite people,
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6천 λ…„ 전에, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μœ΅ν™”μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯으둜
02:40
our ancestors began to design telegraphic symbols to represent beliefs
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선쑰듀은 λ―ΏμŒμ„ ν‘œν˜„ν•˜κ³  연맹을 ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:47
and to identify affiliations.
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상징듀을 λ””μžμΈν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:49
These symbols connected like-minded people,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 상징듀은 같은 λœ»μ„ 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ—°κ²°ν–ˆκ³ 
02:53
and they are all extraordinary.
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κ·Έλ“€ λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” νŠΉλ³„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
These affiliations allowed us to feel safer and more secure in groups,
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연맹은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 집단 μ†μ—μ„œ 더 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  μ•ˆμ •μ μž„μ„ 느끼게 ν–ˆκ³ 
03:01
and the sharing created consensus around what the symbols represented.
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곡유λ₯Ό 톡해 상징에 λŒ€ν•œ 의견일치λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
With these marks, you knew where you fit in,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν‘œμ‹œλ“€λ‘œ, 당신은
03:10
both for the people that were in the in crowd
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ꡰ쀑 속에 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό 배제된 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ€‘μ—μ„œ
03:13
and those, as importantly, that were excluded.
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어디에 속해 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
These symbols were created in what I consider to be a very bottom-up manner:
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상징듀은 ꡉμž₯히 세뢀적인 κ²ƒμ—μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
03:23
they were made by people for people
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그듀은 μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ 
03:26
and then shared for free among people
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 자유둭게 κ³΅μœ λ˜μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
03:30
to honor the higher power that they ascribed to.
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그듀이 속해 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 더 κ°•ν•œ νž˜μ„ μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
03:34
What's ironic is that the higher power actually had nothing to do with this.
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λͺ¨μˆœμ μΈ 것은 더 κ°•ν•œ νž˜μ€ 이와 아무 상관이 μ—†μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:40
These early affiliations,
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 초기의 연맹듀은
03:42
they often shared identical characteristics,
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λ™μΌν•œ νŠΉμ§•μ„ κ³΅μœ ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
03:45
which is rather baffling
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 지ꡬ 전체에 널리 ν©μ–΄μ ΈμžˆλŠ” κ±Έ μƒκ°ν•˜λ©΄
03:47
given how scattered we were all over the planet.
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λ‹€μ†Œ λ‹Ήν™©μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
We constructed similar rituals, practices and behaviors
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ˜μ‹, κ΄€ν–‰κ³Ό 행동듀을 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
03:55
no matter where we were anywhere on the globe.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 지ꡬ 상 어디에 μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ™€ 상관 μ—†μ΄μš”.
04:00
We constructed rituals to create symbolic logos.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 상징적인 둜고λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μ˜μ‹μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:06
We built environments for worship.
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숭배λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ‘°μ„±ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:08
We developed strict rules on how to engage with each other
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ„œλ‘œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 관계λ₯Ό 맺을지에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κ·œμ •μ„ λ°œμ „μ‹œμΌ°μ–΄μš”.
04:12
with food, with hair,
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μŒμ‹, 머리, μΆœμƒ, 죽음
04:15
with birth, with death,
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04:17
with marriage and procreation.
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결혼과 λ²ˆμ‹κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:19
Some of the symbols have eerie commonalities.
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λͺ‡λͺ‡μ˜ μƒμ§•λ“€μ—λŠ” λ¬˜ν•œ 곡톡점이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:24
The hand of God shows up over and over and over again.
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μ‹ μ˜ 손은 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ“œλŸ¬λƒˆμ–΄μš”.
04:30
It shows up as the hamsa hand in Mesopotamia.
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λ©”μ†Œν¬νƒ€λ―Έμ•„μ˜ ν•¨μ‚¬μ˜ μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
It shows us as the hand of Fatima in Islam.
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이슬람의 νŒŒν‹°λ§ˆμ˜ μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
It shows up as the hand of Miriam in Judaism.
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μœ λŒ€κ΅μ˜ λ―Έλ¦¬μ•”μ˜ μ†μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
Now, when we didn't agree on what our beliefs and behaviors were
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이제, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 신념과 행동에
04:46
in regards to others,
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λ™μ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ λ•Œ,
04:47
if we felt that somebody else's were incorrect,
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λ§Œμ•½ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 것이 μ˜³μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€κ³  λŠκΌˆλ‹€λ©΄,
04:52
we began to fight,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
04:54
and many of our first wars were religious.
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수 λ§Žμ€ 첫 번째 μ „μŸλ“€μ„ 쒅ꡐ적인 λ‹€νˆΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
Our flags were used on the battlefield
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κΉƒλ°œμ€ μ „μŸν„°μ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–€ μͺ½μ— 속해 μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό
04:59
to signify which side of the battlefield we belonged to,
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λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°,
05:03
because that was the only way to be able to tell friend from foe.
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μΉœκ΅¬μ™€ 적을 ꡬ뢄할 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ μΌν•œ λ°©λ²•μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
We all looked alike.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄ λ³΄μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
05:10
And now our flags are on mass-manufactured uniforms
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이제 우리의 κΉƒλ°œμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ§Œλ“€κ³  μžˆλŠ”
05:15
that we are making.
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λŒ€λŸ‰ 생산 μœ λ‹ˆνΌμ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:16
Logos on products to identify a maker came next,
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ 제쑰 업체λ₯Ό μ‹λ³„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μƒν‘œκ°€ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬κ³ ,
05:19
and brands were given legal recognition on January 1, 1876,
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μƒν‘œλŠ” 1976λ…„ 1μ›” 1일에 μƒν‘œλ“±λ‘λ²•μ˜ μΆœν˜„κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
05:26
with the advent of the Trademarks Registration Act.
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λ²•μ μœΌλ‘œ 인정 λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
The first trademarked brand was Bass Ale,
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첫째둜 νŠΈλ ˆμ΄λ“œ λ§ˆν¬κ°€ 된 λΈŒλžœλ“œλŠ” Bass Aleμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:33
and I kind of wonder what that says about our humanity
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μ €λŠ” νŠΈλ ˆμ΄λ“œ λ§ˆν¬κ°€ 된 첫번째 λΈŒλžœλ“œκ°€ μ•Œμ½œ μŒλ£ŒλΌλŠ” 것이
05:37
that first trademarked brand was an alcoholic beverage.
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인λ₯˜μ—κ²Œ μ–΄λ–€ μ˜λ―ΈμΈμ§€ κΆκΈˆν•˜λ„€μš”.
05:42
Now, here is what I consider to be
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여기에 μ œκ°€ λΈŒλžœλ“œ μƒν’ˆ 배치의
05:44
the first case of branded product placement.
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첫 번째 사둀라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
There are bottles of Bass Ale behind me
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제 λ’€μ—λŠ” λͺ‡ λ³‘μ˜ Bass Ale이 μžˆλŠ”λ°μš”
05:52
with the logo accurately presented here
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μ—λ“œμ›Œλ“œ λ§ˆλ„€κ°€ 1882λ…„ κ·Έλ¦° μ•„μ£Ό 유λͺ…ν•œ κ·Έλ¦Ό 속에
05:55
in this very famous painting in 1882 by Γ‰douard Manet.
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λ‘œκ³ κ°€ μ„ λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
One of the most widely recognized logos in the world today
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μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 널리 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 둜고 μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
06:07
is the Nike swoosh,
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λ‚˜μ΄ν‚€μ˜ μŠ€μš°μ‹œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
which was introduced in 1971.
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1971년에 μ†Œκ°œλœ 것이죠.
06:12
Carolyn Davidson, a graphic design student,
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κ·Έλž˜ν”½ λ””μžμΈμ„ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ˜ 캐둀라인 λ°μ΄λΉ„μŠ¨μ΄
06:15
originally created the logo for 35 dollars.
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35λ‹¬λŸ¬μ— 이 둜고λ₯Ό μ œμž‘ν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
06:21
Upon seeing it, Nike CEO Phil Knight stated,
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이것을 보고, λ‚˜μ΄ν‚€μ˜ CEO인 ν•„ λ‚˜μ΄νŠΈκ°€ λ§ν–ˆμ–΄μš”
06:26
"I don't love it
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β€œλ³„λ‘œ λ§ˆμŒμ— μ•ˆ λ“€μ–΄.
06:28
but maybe it will grow on me."
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ λ‚΄κ°€ ν‚€μ›Œλ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„ 것 κ°™μ•„.”
06:31
Maybe it will grow on me.
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μ•„λ§ˆ λ‚΄κ°€ ν‚€μ›Œλ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„ 것 κ°™μ•„.
06:34
But why is the swoosh so popular?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ™œ μŠ€μš°μ‹œκ°€ 유λͺ…ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:36
Why is the swoosh so popular?
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μ™œ μŠ€μš°μ‹œκ°€ 유λͺ…ν• κΉŒμš”?
06:38
Is it the mark?
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λ§ˆν¬μΈκ°€μš”?
06:41
Or is the marketing?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ…μΈκ°€μš”?
06:43
And what can we make of the fact
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‚˜μ΄ν‚€μ˜ μŠ€μš°μ‹œκ°€
06:47
that the Nike swoosh seems to be
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λ‰΄ν¬νŠΈ 둜고λ₯Ό 뒀집은 κ²ƒμ΄λ‚˜ μΊν”Όνƒˆ μ›μ˜ λ‘œκ³ μ™€
06:51
the Newport logo upside down
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” μ‚¬μ‹€μ—μ„œ
06:56
or the Capital One logo on its side?
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μ–΄λ–€ 것을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:00
That is not the only logo with a shared identity.
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그건 곡유된 정체성을 가진 μœ μΌν•œ λ‘œκ³ κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
This next logo is a logo that has a shared identity
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λ‹€μŒ λ‘œκ³ λŠ” μ™„μ „νžˆ λ‹€λ₯Έ 의미둜
07:11
with wholly different meanings.
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정체성을 κ³΅μœ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
As a Jewish person,
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μœ λŒ€μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ
07:16
I believe that this logo,
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μ €λŠ” λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:19
this swastika,
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이 μŠ€μ™€μŠ€ν‹°μΉ΄λŠ”
07:21
is the most heinous logo of all time.
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μ˜μ›νžˆ κ°€μž₯ μ•…λž„ν•œ λ‘œκ³ λΌκ³ μš”.
07:25
But it actually has a rather surprising trajectory.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이것 μ—­μ‹œ 더 λ†€λΌμš΄ ꢀ적을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
The word "swastika" originally comes from
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β€˜μŠ€μ™€μŠ€ν‹°μΉ΄β€™λΌλŠ” μ›λž˜
07:33
the ancient Sanskrit word "svastika,"
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κ³ λŒ€ μ‚°μŠ€ν¬λ¦¬νŠΈ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ β€˜μŠ€λ°”μŠ€ν‹°μΉ΄β€™λΌλŠ” 단어,
07:37
which actually means "good fortune,"
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β€˜μ’‹μ€ μš΄β€™, β€˜ν–‰μš΄β€™ 그리고 β€˜μ›°λΉ™β€™μ΄λΌλŠ” 의미의
07:39
"luck" and "well-being."
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λ‹¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ μœ λž˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:42
In the early 1900s, before it was appropriated by Hitler,
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1900λ…„λŒ€ μ΄ˆλ°˜μ—, νžˆν‹€λŸ¬μ—κ²Œ μ „μš©λ˜κΈ° 전에
07:47
it was used by Coca-Cola
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μ½”μΉ΄μ½œλΌμ˜ ν–‰μš΄ λ³‘λ”°κ°œμ—
07:50
on a good luck bottle opener.
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μ“°μ—¬μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
The American Biscuit Company prominently registered the mark
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미ꡭ의 λΉ„μŠ€ν‚· νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 이 마크λ₯Ό λ“±λ‘ν•΄μ„œ
07:57
and put it on boxes of cookies.
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μΏ ν‚€ μƒμž μœ„μ— λˆˆμ— 잘 λ„κ²Œ κ·Έλ €λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
The US Playing Card Company registered the mark in 1921
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λ―Έκ΅­ ν”Œλ ˆμž‰ μΉ΄λ“œ νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 1921년에 이 마크λ₯Ό λ“±λ‘ν•΄μ„œ
08:04
for Fortune Playing Cards.
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ν–‰μš΄ 놀이 μΉ΄λ“œμ— κ·Έλ € λ„£μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
The Boy Scouts used the mark on shoes in 1910,
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λ³΄μ΄μŠ€μΉ΄μš°νŠΈλŠ” 1910년에 μ‹ λ°œμ— 이 마크λ₯Ό κ·Έλ € λ„£μ—ˆκ³ 
08:10
and the symbol was also featured on cigar labels, boxtops, road signs
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이 상징은 λ‹΄λ°° μƒν‘œλ‚˜ μƒμž λšœκ»‘,
08:17
and even poker chips.
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길거리 ν‘œμ§€νŒ, 심지어 포컀 칩에도 μ‚¬μš© λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:19
Even the Jain made use of the logo along with a hand of God
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심지어 μ œμΈμ€ 이 둜고λ₯Ό μ‹ μ˜ 손과 ν•¨κ»˜
08:24
many millennia ago.
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λͺ‡ μ„ΈκΈ° 전에 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:27
These marks were identical,
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이 λ§ˆν¬λ“€μ€ λ™μΌν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:29
but with use as a Nazi symbol,
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λ‚˜μΉ˜μ˜ μƒμ§•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
08:31
the impact became very, very different.
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κ·Έ 영ν–₯은 맀우 λ‹¬λΌμ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
The hand of God,
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μ‹ μ˜ 손,
08:37
the Nike swoosh
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λ‚˜μ΄ν‚€ μŠ€μš°μ‹œ,
08:39
and the swastika:
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그리고 μŠ€μ™€μŠ€ν‹°μΉ΄.
08:41
they all demonstrate how we've been manufacturing meaning with visual language
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그듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 인간이 세기에 κ±°μ³μ„œ μ‹œκ° μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ 의미λ₯Ό
08:46
over millennia.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λƒˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:49
It's a behavior that's almost as old as we are.
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이건 인λ₯˜λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ 였래된 ν–‰λ™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
Today, in the United States,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , λ―Έκ΅­μ—λŠ”,
08:55
there are over 116,000 malls,
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116,000κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μ‡Όν•‘λͺ°μ΄ 있고
09:00
and they all look pretty much the same.
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그듀은 κ½€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
There are more than 40,000 supermarkets,
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4만 개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μŠˆνΌλ§ˆμΌ“μ΄ 있고,
09:07
and they each have over 40,000 items.
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그듀은 각자 4만 개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μƒν’ˆμ„ λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:11
If you went shopping for bottled water,
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병에 λ“  물을 κ΅¬μž…ν•˜λŸ¬ κ°”λ‹€λ©΄,
09:13
you'd have over 80 options to choose from.
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당신은 80개 μ΄μƒμ˜ μƒν’ˆ μ€‘μ—μ„œ 선택을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
09:17
Since their launch in 1912,
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1912λ…„ μΆœμ‹œ 이래둜,
09:20
you could choose from over 100 flavors and variants of Oreo cookies.
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였레였 μΏ ν‚€λŠ” 100가지 μ΄μƒμ˜ 맛을 μ„ λ³΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:27
Now, is this a good thing
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이건 쒋은 κ±ΈκΉŒμš”
09:30
or is it a bad thing?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ‚˜μœ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
09:33
Is a plethora of choice necessary in a free market?
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자유 μ‹œμž₯에 무수히 λ§Žμ€ μ„ νƒκΆŒμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
09:36
I believe it is both a good and bad thing,
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μ €λŠ” 이게 쒋기도 ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
09:40
as humans are both good and bad,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 쒋기도 ν•˜κ³  λ‚˜μ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
09:42
and we're the ones creating and using and buying these brands.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λΈŒλžœλ“œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  κ΅¬μž…ν•˜λŠ” μ£Όμ²΄μ˜ˆμš”.
09:47
However, I think that the question
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 질문
09:50
of whether this behavior is good or bad is actually secondary
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이런 행동이 쒋은가 λ‚˜μœκ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 사싀상
09:55
to understanding why --
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κ°€μž₯ μš°μ„ μˆœμœ„κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
why we behave this way in the first place.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ™œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν–‰λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ•„λŠ” 것이 λ¨Όμ €μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:04
Here's the thing:
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여기에 κ·Έ 닡이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:06
every one of our mass-marketed products
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λͺ¨λ“  λŒ€λŸ‰ 생산 μ œν’ˆλ“€μ€
10:09
are what I consider to be top-down brands.
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ν•˜ν–₯식 λΈŒλžœλ“œλΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:13
They're still created by people,
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그듀은 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§€λ§Œ,
10:16
but they are owned, operated, manufactured, advertised,
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기업에 μ˜ν•΄ μ†Œμœ , μž‘λ™, μ œμž‘, 홍보,
10:20
designed, promoted and distributed by the corporation
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λ””μžμΈ, μ΄‰μ§„λ˜κ³  κ³΅κΈ‰λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:24
and pushed down and sold to the consumer for financial gain.
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그리고 μž¬μ •μ  이읡을 μœ„ν•΄ μ†ŒλΉ„μžμ—κ²Œ νŒλ§€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
These corporations have a responsibility to a P and L
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 기업듀은 P와 L에 λŒ€ν•œ μ±…μž„μ΄ 있고
10:32
with an expectation of an ROI
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투자 수읡(R.O.I)을 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜λ©°
10:35
and have names like P and G and AT and T and J and J.
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P&G, AT&T, J&J 같은 이름을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:42
And that's pretty much the way it's been for the last couple of hundred years:
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그것이 μ§€λ‚œ 200μ—¬λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ΄λ€„μ Έμ™”λ˜ λ°©μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:47
a top-down model controlled by the corporation.
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기업에 μ˜ν•΄ μ‘°μ ˆλ˜λŠ” ν•˜ν–₯식 λͺ¨λΈμ΄μ£ .
10:52
Until 2011.
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2011λ…„κΉŒμ§€ 말이죠.
10:56
That's when we began to see evidence
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κ·Έ λ•Œκ°€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‹€μ œμ μ΄κ³ , λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ³  κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ λ³€ν™”μ˜
10:59
of real, significant, far-reaching change.
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증거λ₯Ό 보기 μ‹œμž‘ν•œ λ•Œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:04
The Arab Spring and Occupy Wall Street
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μ•„λžμ˜ λ΄„κ³Ό μ›”κ°€ 점령 μš΄λ™μ€
11:07
proved how the internet could amplify messages
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 인터넷이 메세지λ₯Ό μ¦ν­μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
11:11
and connect like-minded people
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같은 생각을 가진 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ°•ν•œ 믿음으둜 μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœ
11:13
with powerful beliefs to inspire change.
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λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λ°ν˜€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:16
We witnessed a cultural shift via social media
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Ένˆ¬μ™€ ν‘μΈμΈκΆŒ 같은 ν•΄μ‹œνƒœκ·Έμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜
11:19
with hashtags like #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter.
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μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•œ 문화적 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λͺ©κ²©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:24
In its wake, the discipline of branding
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 깨우침 μ†μ—μ„œ, λΈŒλžœλ“œν™” κ·œμœ¨μ€
11:27
has transformed more in the last 10 years
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졜근 10λ…„ λ™μ•ˆμ—
11:31
than it has in the last 10,000,
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μ§€λ‚œ 1만 λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ λ³€ν™”ν•œ 것보닀 더 많이 λ³€ν–ˆκ³ ,
11:35
and for the first time in modern history,
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ν˜„λŒ€μ‚¬μ—μ„œ 졜초둜,
11:39
the most popular, influential brands
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κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•˜κ³  영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” λΈŒλžœλ“œλ“€μ€
11:41
are not brands being pushed down by the corporation.
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기업에 μ˜ν•΄ ν•˜ν–₯μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 결정돼 온 λΈŒλžœλ“œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:46
They are brands being pushed up by the people, for the people,
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κ·Έ λΈŒλžœλ“œλ“€μ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄, 세상을 더 쒋은 곳으둜 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ”
11:50
for the sole purpose of changing the world and making it a better place.
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μœ μΌν•œ λͺ©μ μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— μ˜ν•΄ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 인정 받은 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:55
Our greatest innovations aren't brands providing a different form
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우리의 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ€ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 과자λ₯Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ,
12:00
or a different flavor of our favorite snack.
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λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ§›μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ³΅ν•˜λŠ” λΈŒλžœλ“œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:03
Our greatest innovations are the creation of brands
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우리의 μœ„λŒ€ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ€ 우리의 삢에 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£Όκ³ 
12:06
that can make a difference in our lives
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ν•˜λŠ” 세상을
12:09
and reflect the kind of world that we want to live in.
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λ°˜μ˜ν•˜λŠ” λΈŒλžœλ“œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“œλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:12
In November of 2016,
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2016λ…„ 11월에
12:15
Krista Suh, Jayna Zweiman and Kat Coyle
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ν¬λ¦¬μŠ€νƒ€ μ„œ, 제인 μ¦ˆμ™€μ΄λ§Œκ³Ό μΊ£ 코일은
12:18
created a hat to be worn at the Women's March in Washington, DC.
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μ›Œμ‹±ν„΄ DC의 μ—¬μ„± ν–‰μ§„μ—μ„œ μ”Œμ›Œμ§ˆ λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:23
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
12:26
This was the day after the presidential inauguration.
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κ·Έ 날은 λŒ€ν†΅λ Ή μ·¨μž„μ‹ λ‹€μŒ λ‚ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:30
Two months later, on January 21, 2017,
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2κ°œμ›” 후인 2017λ…„ 1μ›” 21일에
12:34
millions of people all over the world wore handmade pink pussyhats
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ˜ 수백만λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 세계 μ—¬μ„± 행진을 μ§€μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
12:40
in support of the Women's March all over the world.
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수제 뢄홍색 고양이 λͺ¨μžλ₯Ό μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
The hat was not created for any financial benefit.
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κ·Έ λͺ¨μžλŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ κΈˆμ „μ  이읡을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
Like our religious symbols created thousands of years ago,
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수천 λ…„ 전에 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ 쒅ꡐ적인 μƒμ§•λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
12:51
the hat was created by the people, for the people
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κ·Έ λͺ¨μžλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒμ— μ˜ν•΄, μ‚¬λžŒμ„ μœ„ν•΄,
12:55
to serve what I believe is the highest benefit of branding:
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μ œκ°€ λΈŒλžœλ“œν™”μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 ν˜œνƒμ΄λΌ λ―ΏλŠ” 것을 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ,
13:00
to unite people in the communication
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곡유된 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ†Œν†΅μ— μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λŒμ–΄λ“€μ΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
13:03
of shared ideals.
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λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:06
The pink pussyhat became a mark for a movement.
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뢄홍색 고양이 λͺ¨μžλŠ” μ‚¬νšŒ μš΄λ™μ˜ 상징이 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
In a very short time, two months,
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μ•„μ£Ό 짧은 κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ, 2κ°œμ›” λ™μ•ˆ,
13:13
it became universally recognizable.
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μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:16
It connected an audience in an unprecedented way.
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이것은 전에 μ—†μ—ˆλ˜ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ μ—°κ²°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:21
It is a brand,
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이것은 λΈŒλžœλ“œμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
13:23
but it is more than that.
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κ·Έ μ΄μƒμ˜ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:25
Today, the pink pussyhat is proof positive
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , 뢄홍색 고양이 λͺ¨μžλŠ”
13:28
that branding is not just a tool of capitalism.
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λΈŒλžœλ“œν™”κ°€ 자본주의의 λ„κ΅¬λ§Œμ€ μ•„λ‹ˆλž€ κ²ƒμ˜ 긍정적 μ¦κ±°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:33
Branding is the profound manifestation of the human spirit.
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λΈŒλžœλ“œν™”λŠ” 인간 μ •μ‹ μ˜ μ‹¬μ˜€ν•œ ν‘œν˜„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:37
The condition of branding has always reflected the condition of our culture.
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λΈŒλžœλ“œν™”μ˜ μƒνƒœλŠ” μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 우리 λ¬Έν™”μ˜ μƒνƒœλ₯Ό λ°˜μ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:45
It is our responsibility
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λΈŒλžœλ“œν™”κ°€ μ£ΌλŠ” 민주적인 힘의 영ν–₯λ ₯을 μ§€μ†μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것은
13:47
to continue to leverage the democratic power branding provides,
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우리의 μ±…μž„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:52
and it is our responsibility
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그리고 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 세상을
13:55
to design a culture that reflects
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λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κ³  μ‘΄μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έν™”λ₯Ό
13:58
and honors
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λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것 μ—­μ‹œ
14:01
the kind of world we want to live in.
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우리의 μ±…μž„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:03
Thank you.
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κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:04
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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