An ER doctor on triaging your "crazy busy" life | Darria Long

198,194 views ใƒป 2020-06-11

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Omer Ben Hemo ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Raise your hand, and be honest,
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ืชืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืชื”ื™ื• ื›ื ื™ื
00:16
if you've used the phrase "crazy busy"
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ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ ืดืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃืด
00:20
to describe your day, your week, your month.
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ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื›ื, ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื.
00:26
I'm an emergency-room doctor,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืคืื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
00:29
and "crazy busy" is a phrase you will never hear me use.
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ื• ืดืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃืด ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื•.
00:35
And after today,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:37
I hope you'll stop using it, too.
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื ืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”
00:41
Here's why you cannot afford to use "crazy"
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืดื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃืด
00:45
to describe your busy.
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ืœืชืืจ ืืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืฉืœื›ื.
00:47
Because when we are in what I refer to as Crazy Busy Mode,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืืœื™ื• ื›ืžืฆื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
00:51
we are simply less capable of handling the busy.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื.
00:56
Here's what happens.
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ื”ื ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
00:58
Your stress hormones rise and stay there,
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ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœื›ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืฉื
01:00
your executive function in the prefrontal cortex declines.
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ื”ืชื™ืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื”.
01:04
That means your memory, your judgment, your impulse control deteriorate,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ , ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื“ืจื“ืจืช,
01:07
and the brain areas for anger and anxiety are activated.
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ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœื›ืขืก ื•ื—ืจื“ื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
01:12
Do you feel that?
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ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
01:15
Here's the thing.
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:17
You can be as busy as an emergency department
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื—ืœืงืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื
01:20
without feeling like you're crazy busy.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืืชื ืขืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ.
01:25
How?
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ืื™ืš?
01:26
By using the same tactics that we use.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื.
01:28
Our brains all process stress in similar fundamental ways.
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช.
01:32
But how we react to it
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื”
01:34
has been shown by research to be modifiable,
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ื”ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
01:37
whether it's emergencies or just daily, day-in, day-out stress.
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ืื ื–ื” ืžืงืจื” ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืื• ืกืชื ืœื—ืฅ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™, ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™.
01:42
Now contrast Crazy Busy Mode
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืฆื‘ ืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ
01:45
with how I think of us in the ER -- Ready Mode.
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ืขื ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื—ืจื•ื.
01:49
Ready Mode means whatever comes in through those doors,
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ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
01:52
whether it's a multiple-car pileup,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืชืื•ื ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
01:53
or a patient having chest pain while stuck in an elevator,
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ืื• ื—ื•ืœื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœ ืžื›ืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ืชืงืข ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช,
01:57
or another patient with an item stuck where it shouldn't be.
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ืื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืื—ืจ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ืชืงื•ืข ืื™ืคื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
02:02
When you're know you're dying to ask.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืืชื ืžืชื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
02:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:06
Even on those days when you would swear you were being punked,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืžื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืชื›ื,
02:11
we're not afraid of it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืžื–ื”.
02:14
Because we know that whatever comes in through those ER double doors,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื“ืจืš ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
02:18
that we can handle it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ.
02:20
That we're ready.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื.
02:21
That's Ready Mode.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
02:24
We've trained for it,
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ื”ืชืืžื ื• ืœื–ื”,
02:26
and you can, too.
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ื•ื’ื ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
02:29
Here's how.
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ื”ื ื” ืื™ืš.
02:30
Step one to go from Crazy Mode to Ready Mode
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ืฆืขื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืœื›ืช ืžืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื•ื›ืŸ
02:32
is to relentlessly triage.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ืœืœื ืคืฉืจื•ืช.
02:35
In Crazy Mode, you're always busy, always stressed,
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืกื•ืงื™ื, ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื,
02:37
because you're reacting to every challenge with the same response.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืืชื’ืจ ืขื ืื•ืชื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”.
02:42
Contrast that with Ready Mode,
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื•ื›ืŸ,
02:44
where we triage,
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ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื™ื™ื ื™ื,
02:46
which means we prioritize by degree of urgency.
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกื“ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื’ืช ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช.
02:50
This isn't just a nice way to get your to-do list done.
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ื–ื• ืœื ืกืชื ื“ืจืš ื ื—ืžื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
02:53
Work by Dr. Robert Sapolsky
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ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืืช ื“"ืจ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืกืืคื•ืœืกืงื™
02:55
shows that individuals who cannot differentiate threat from non-threat
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ืžืจืื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ื ืœืื™ ืื™ื•ื
02:59
and react to everything with the same response
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ื•ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื•ืชื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
03:02
have double the level of stress hormones.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืจืžืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ.
03:05
Which is why this is the first skill to learn.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“.
03:08
You can't take care of them all at once,
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ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ืช ืื—ืช,
03:10
but you don't have to.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื.
03:11
Because we triage.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื™ื™ื ื™ื.
03:13
Red -- immediately life-threatening.
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ืื“ื•ื -ืžืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™.
03:15
Yellow -- serious, but not immediately life-threatening.
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ - ืจืฆื™ื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™.
03:19
Green -- minor.
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ื™ืจื•ืง - ืคื—ื•ืช ื“ื—ื•ืฃ.
03:21
And we focus our efforts first on the reds.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืงื“ื™ื ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื• ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื.
03:25
Now hear this.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืžืขื• ืืช ื–ื”.
03:27
Part of the problem in Crazy Mode
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ
03:29
is that you are reacting to everything
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ื–ื” ืฉืืชื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
03:32
as if it is red.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืื“ื•ื.
03:36
So start by triaging correctly.
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื• ืขื ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:40
Know your reds.
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ื“ืขื• ืžื” ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
03:42
They're what is most important and where you can most move the needle.
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ื”ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืžื—ื˜.
03:46
Now it's easy to be confused by noise,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืžืจืขืฉ,
03:49
but what it noisiest is not always what is most red.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืจื•ืขืฉ ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืื“ื•ื.
03:53
In fact, my severe asthmatic patient is most at risk when he's quiet.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืืกืชืžื˜ื™ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงื˜.
04:00
But my patient over here, demanding that I bring her flavored coffee creamer,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืื‘ื™ืืœื” ืงืจื ืœืงืคื” ื‘ื˜ืขื,
04:04
she's noisy, but she's not red.
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ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืขืฉืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื“ื•ืžื”.
04:08
I'll give you an example from my own life.
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ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืžื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื™.
04:10
Last spring, my house flooded,
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ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ืฆืฃ,
04:12
my one-year-old was in the ER,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
04:14
I was supposed to do a fundraiser for my four-year-old's school
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืจืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ืชื™ ื‘ืช โ€‹โ€‹ื”ืืจื‘ืข
04:17
and the final chapter of my book was beyond late.
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ื•ื”ืคืจืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืื•ื—ืจ.
04:23
Maybe not ironically, that was the chapter on stress.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื ื™, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืคืจืง ื”ืœื—ืฅ.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:29
My red tasks were getting my one-year-old better
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืฉืœื™
04:32
and finishing my book.
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ื•ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™.
04:34
That was it.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”.
04:35
Remember, relentlessly triage.
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ื–ื›ืจื•, ื“ืจื’ื• ืœืœื ืจื—ืžื™ื.
04:38
The house flood repair?
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ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช?
04:40
Well, once we had stopped and stabilized the damage,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืคืกืงื ื• ื•ื™ื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง,
04:44
it was no longer a red.
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื•ื.
04:46
It felt red,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื“ื•ื,
04:47
but it was in fact just noise.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืง โ€‹โ€‹ืจืขืฉ.
04:50
No, no really, it was quite noisy,
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ืœื, ืœื ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืจื•ืขืฉ,
04:52
this picture on the far right is me wearing earplugs
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืื ื™ ืœื•ื‘ืฉืช ืื˜ืžื™ ืื•ื–ื ื™ื™ื
04:55
to focus on my book,
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ืœื”ืชืจื›ื– ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื™,
04:56
while the floor is being mechanically dried around me.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืจืฆืคื” ืžืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื™.
05:00
Know your reds,
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ื“ืขื• ืืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
05:02
and do not let your non-reds distract you from them.
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ื•ืืœ ืชืชื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ืกื™ื— ืืช ื“ืขืชื›ื ืžื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื.
05:06
By the way, it is liberating with a green task
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ืื’ื‘, ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช
05:09
to, every once in a while, be able to remind yourself,
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ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
05:12
"That's a green task. No one's going to die."
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"ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”. ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืžื•ืช. "
05:15
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:16
It's OK if it's not perfect.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฉืœื.
05:22
Now there's one last triage level that we use in the worst scenarios.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:26
And that is black.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื”.
05:28
Those patients for whom there is nothing we can do.
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ืื•ืชื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
05:33
Where we must move on.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืœืื”.
05:36
And although it is gut-wrenching,
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื›ื•ืื‘
05:38
I mention it,
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ืื ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ื–ื”,
05:39
because you each have your own equivalent black tasks in your life.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช ืขืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
05:44
These are items that you must take off your list.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืžื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
05:48
And I think many of you know what I'm talking about.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช.
05:51
For me, this was the fundraiser.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืชืจืžื”.
05:54
I had to step down.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืจื•ืฉ.
05:56
Because as we in the ER know,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
05:58
if you try to do everything,
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ืื ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ,
06:00
you have no hope of saving your reds.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื.
06:05
Step two to go from Crazy Mode into Ready Mode
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ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ
06:09
is to expect and design for crazy.
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ื–ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ.
06:13
Half of handling crazy is how you prepare for it.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืชื›ื•ื ื ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ.
06:17
So if step one we triage,
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ืื– ืื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžื™ื™ื ื™ื,
06:19
step two, we design to make those tasks easier to do.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื ื™, ืื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
06:23
Science shows us that the more options we have,
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ื”ืžื“ืข ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช,
06:26
then the longer each decision takes.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:28
And the more decisions we have to make, the more exhausted our brain gets
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื›ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืชืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:32
and the less it is capable of making good decisions.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
06:35
Which is why this step two
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™
06:37
is about finding ways to reduce your daily decisions.
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ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
06:41
Here are four easy examples you can use in your daily lifestyle.
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ืœื”ืœืŸ ืืจื‘ืข ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืงืœื•ืช ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
06:45
Plan.
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ืชืชื›ื ื ื•
06:47
Plan your entire week's meals on the weekend,
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืช ืืจื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข,
06:49
so that when it's Wednesday at 6pm
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืฉืขื” 18:00
06:51
and everyone's hangry and requesting pizza,
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืจืขื‘ื™ื ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืคื™ืฆื”,
06:54
you have no decisions to make to get a healthy meal on the table.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืจื•ื—ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
06:59
Automate.
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ืชื™ืฆืจื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”.
07:00
Never leave anything to remember that you could automate,
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืฉืื™ืจื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช,
07:04
whether it's scheduling it as recurring or saved list, or recurrent purchases.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืื• ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืจื”, ืื• ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช.
07:09
Colocate.
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ืชืžืงืžื•.
07:11
When it comes to exercise,
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช,
07:12
store all the equipment that you need for a certain activity together,
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ืื—ืกื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื›ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื™ื—ื“,
07:16
charged and ready,
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ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืžื•ื›ืŸ,
07:17
so you don't spend energy looking for it.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ืœื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื–ื”.
07:20
And decrease temptations,
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ื•ื”ืชืงื˜ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื™ื™ื,
07:23
for anyone driven by sugar cravings.
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชืฉื•ืงื•ืช ืœืกื•ื›ืจ.
07:26
Anyone?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื•?
07:27
Say aye, go ahead.
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ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ื”ื™ื™, ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
07:29
That itself is its own form of Crazy Mode
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ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ
07:31
and self-medication for Crazy Mode,
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ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
07:34
but stop working your willpower.
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ืื‘ืœ ืชืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
07:37
Design differently.
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ืื—ืจืช.
07:39
If a food is out of immediate reach,
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ืื ืื•ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“ื›ื,
07:41
such that you have to use a stool to reach it,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉืจืคืจืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•,
07:44
even when it's chocolate,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“,
07:47
study participants ate 70 percent less without thinking about it.
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ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืื›ืœื• 70 ืื—ื•ื– ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:53
I know.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช.
07:54
Let that sit for a second.
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ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ืœืฉื‘ืช ืœืจื’ืข.
07:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:57
Design to make the choices you wish to make easier.
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืงืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:02
Which bring us to the third step to go from Crazy Mode to Ready Mode,
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ืžื” ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ,
08:06
and that is to get out of your head.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
08:10
Come with me.
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ืชืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื™.
08:11
Different story.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
08:13
I'm working in a small, satellite ER,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ,
08:16
when a woman comes in in labor.
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ื›ืฉืื™ืฉื” ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืœื™ื“ื”.
08:18
I realize that the cord is wrapped not once
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ื ืขื˜ืฃ ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช
08:22
but twice around the baby's neck.
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ืืœื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง.
08:26
And I'm the only doctor.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคืื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
08:30
I was scared.
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ืคื—ื“ืชื™.
08:32
But I couldn't let it derail me.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืชืช ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™.
08:36
Because, you see, we all get nervous.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืœื—ืฆื™ื.
08:39
We all get scared,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื,
08:41
but it's what you do next that matters.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื” ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘.
08:46
That first feeling isn't the problem.
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ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”.
08:48
It can be an important sign.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ืžืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
08:50
The problem comes when we let it derail us.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืื” ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•.
08:52
When that internal monologue starts
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ
08:54
and we catastrophize and we start to get that tunnel vision.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืจืื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืจื”.
08:57
That's how you think when you're in Crazy Mode,
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ื›ื›ื” ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื•ื— ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
08:59
and you cannot solve anything that way.
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ื•ืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื”.
09:04
Now I promise to come back to the story,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ,
09:06
but first, how do I get out of my own head?
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ื, ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™?
09:10
There are many tactics that you may hear,
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข,
09:12
but for me, I find it best in the moment to actively put my focus on someone else.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆืืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
09:18
To deliberately make myself see the person in front of me,
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ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžื•ืœื™,
09:21
see myself in the arena with them --
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ื–ื™ืจื” ืื™ืชื -
09:23
what do they need, what do they fear
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ืžื” ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ืžืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื
09:25
and how can I help?
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ื•ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ?
09:28
This may sound like a whole lot of warm and fuzzy to you,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ืžื™ื ื•ื ืขื™ื ืœื›ื,
09:32
but it's not.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื.
09:33
In fact, research shows that when you prime your brain
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ืžืžืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
09:36
with what is, essentially, compassion,
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื, ื‘ืขืฆื, ื—ืžืœื”,
09:39
we disrupt that tunnel vision and internal monologue.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ ืคื ื™ืžื™.
09:42
You widen your perception,
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ืืชื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื›ื,
09:43
so your brain can actually take in broader information,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:47
so you see more possibilities and can make better decisions.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชืจืื• ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:53
Try it.
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ืชื ืกื• ืืช ื–ื”.
09:55
Know that your internal monologue can derail you.
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ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื›ื.
09:59
And realize that when you get out of your own head,
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ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื,
10:04
you get out of your own way.
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ืืชื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืขืฆืžื›ื.
10:09
Now what happened to that baby?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืงืจื” ืœืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ื?
10:12
I focused not on my fear,
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ื”ืชืจื›ื–ืชื™ ืœื ื‘ืคื—ื“ ืฉืœื™,
10:14
but on the mother and the baby and what they needed me to do.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืื ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืืขืฉื”.
10:18
And got the cord off of the baby's neck,
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ื•ื”ื•ืจื“ืชื™ ืืช ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื”ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง,
10:21
and a healthy screaming, kicking baby arrived,
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ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื‘ื•ืขื˜ ื•ืฆื•ืจื— ื”ื’ื™ืข,
10:24
just as the dad ran in from the parking lot,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืฉื”ืื‘ ืจืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ,
10:26
"Hi, you have a son, I'm Dr. Darria.
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"ื”ื™ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื“"ืจ ื“ืจื™ื”.
10:28
Congratulations, you want to cut the cord?"
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ืžื–ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืจ? "
10:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:32
And for a moment,
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ื•ืœืจื’ืข,
10:33
the strong cries of a newborn
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ื–ืขืงื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง
10:36
drowned out the beeps and the sirens that are the normal sounds of the ER.
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ื”ืขืœื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืฆืคืฆื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืื–ืขืงื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ืœื™ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
10:42
But there was also something else.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ.
10:45
Because when I walked back out of that mother's room,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืืžื,
10:49
I saw several of my other patients hovering nearby.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื.
10:54
I suddenly realized that despite their own problems
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืคืชืื•ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
10:58
that had brought them to the emergency room,
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ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
11:00
they had all come together to root for this baby.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื”ืชืื’ื“ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”.
11:04
And they now together shared in the joy.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื ื™ื—ื“ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”.
11:08
Because that is what happens when you go from Crazy Mode to Ready Mode.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžืฆื‘ ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื›ืŸ.
11:12
Others notice.
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื.
11:14
They want it too, they just don't know how,
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ื’ื ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš,
11:16
they just need one example.
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ื”ื ืจืง ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช.
11:18
Which could be you.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืชื.
11:23
Own the busy.
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ืชืงื—ื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง.
11:25
But stop calling it crazy.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœ ืชืงืจืื• ืœื–ื” ื˜ื™ืจื•ืฃ.
11:30
You've always had that ability.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื•.
11:34
But now ...
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•...
11:35
you're ready.
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ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื.
11:37
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
11:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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