Gordon Brown on global ethic vs. national interest

49,123 views ใƒป 2009-12-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Orr Schlesinger ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:26
Chris Anderson: Thank you so much, Prime Minister,
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš, ืื“ื•ื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
00:28
that was both fascinating and quite inspiring.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืžืจืชืง ื•ื’ื ื“ื™ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”.
00:30
So, you're calling for a global ethic.
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ืื–, ืืชื” ืงื•ืจื ืœืžื•ืกืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
00:34
Would you describe that as global citizenship?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช?
00:38
Is that an idea that you believe in, and how would you define that?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”?
00:41
Gordon Brown: It is about global citizenship
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ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื–ื”ื•ืช
00:43
and recognizing our responsibilities to others.
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ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
00:45
There is so much to do over the next few years
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
00:49
that is obvious to so many of us
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ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื•
00:52
to build a better world.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:54
And there is so much shared sense of what we need to do,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
00:58
that it is vital that we all come together.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“.
01:00
But we don't necessarily have the means to do so.
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ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
01:03
So there are challenges to be met.
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฆืœื•ื—.
01:05
I believe the concept of global citizenship
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
01:08
will simply grow out of people talking to each other across continents.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฆืžื— ืžื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ื‘ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช.
01:12
But of course the task is to create the institutions
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ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
01:14
that make that global society work.
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ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
01:16
But I don't think we should underestimate
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื•
01:18
the extent to which massive changes in technology
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
01:21
make possible the linking up of people across the world.
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ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:24
CA: But people get excited about this idea of global citizenship,
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
01:28
but then they get confused a bit again
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื‘
01:30
when they start thinking about patriotism,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
01:32
and how to combine these two.
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
01:34
I mean, you're elected as Prime Minister
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืืชื” ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื›ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœื”
01:36
with a brief to bat for Britain.
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ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
01:39
How do you reconcile the two things?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืชื” ืžืฉืœื‘ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื?
01:43
GB: Well, of course national identity remains important.
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ื’ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืื•ืŸ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
01:46
But it's not at the expense of people accepting their global responsibilities.
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ืืš ืœื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
01:49
And I think one of the problems of recession
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ
01:53
is that people become more protectionist,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื’ื•ื ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
01:56
they look in on themselves,
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ื”ื ืžืชื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื,
01:58
they try to protect their own nation,
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ื”ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
02:00
perhaps at the expense of other nations.
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ื’ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
02:03
When you actually look at the motor of the world economy,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
02:06
it cannot move forward
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื•ืข ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ
02:08
unless there is trade between the different countries.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
02:11
And any nation that would become protectionist over the next few years
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ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืชืชื›ื ืก ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช
02:14
would deprive itself of the chance of getting the benefits
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ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ืื”
02:17
of growth in the world economy.
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ืžื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
02:19
So, you've got to have a healthy sense of patriotism;
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ืื– ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช;
02:22
that's absolutely important.
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ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
02:24
But you've got to realize that this world has changed fundamentally,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื• ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™,
02:27
and the problems we have cannot be solved by one nation and one nation alone.
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ื•ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืคืชืจ
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:31
CA: Well, indeed.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื›ืŸ, ืื›ืŸ. ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”
02:32
But what do you do when the two come into conflict
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ื•ืืชื” ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื”
02:35
and you're forced to make a decision
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02:37
that either is in Britain's interest, or the interest of Britons,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื,
02:42
or citizens elsewhere in the world?
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ืื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
02:44
GB: Well I think we can persuade people
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ื’"ื‘: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื
02:46
that what is necessary for Britain's long-term interests,
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ืฉืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
02:50
what is necessary for America's long-term interests,
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ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
02:52
is proper engagement with the rest of the world,
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ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืงื• ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
ื•ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
02:55
and taking the action that is necessary.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืขืœ ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ.
03:00
There is a great story, again, told about Richard Nixon.
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03:04
1958, Ghana becomes independent,
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1958, ื’ืื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืช,
03:08
so it is just over 50 years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-50 ืฉื ื”.
03:11
Richard Nixon goes to represent the United States government
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ืจื™ืฆ'ืจื“ ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืข ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
03:15
at the celebrations for independence in Ghana.
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ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื ื”.
03:18
And it's one of his first outings as Vice President to an African country.
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ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื›ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
03:23
He doesn't quite know what to do,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ืœ
03:24
so he starts going around the crowd
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03:26
and starts talking to people
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ื•ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
03:28
and he says to people in this rather unique way,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืžื“ื™,
03:30
"How does it feel to be free?"
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™?"
03:32
And he's going around, "How does it feel to be free?"
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืฉื•ืืœ, "ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™?"
03:35
"How does it feel to be free?"
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"ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™?"
03:37
And then someone says,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื•ืžืจ, "ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช? ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืžืืœื‘ืžื”."
03:38
"How should I know? I come from Alabama."
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03:40
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:43
And that was the 1950s.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-50.
03:46
Now, what is remarkable
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžื“ื”ื™ื ื–ื”
ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื— ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
03:51
is that civil rights in America were achieved in the 1960s.
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03:55
But what is equally remarkable
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”
03:57
is socioeconomic rights in Africa have not moved forward very fast
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ื•-ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
ืœื ื”ืชืงื“ืžื• ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“
04:02
even since the age of colonialism.
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ืžืื– ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ืืœื™ื–ื.
04:05
And yet, America and Africa have got a common interest.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื”
ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
04:09
And we have got to realize that if we don't link up
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ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื• ืœื ื ืชื—ื‘ืจ
04:12
with those people who are sensible voices and democratic voices in Africa,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
04:16
to work together for common causes,
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ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช,
04:18
then the danger of Al Qaeda and related groups
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ืื– ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืืœ ืงืืขื™ื“ื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ื”
04:21
making progress in Africa is very big.
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ื™ืขืฉื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:23
So, I would say that what seems sometimes
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื
04:25
to be altruism, in relation to Africa, or in relation to developing countries,
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ื›ื–ื•ืœืชื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
ืื• ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
04:30
is more than that.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”. ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื ืื•ืจ
04:31
It is enlightened self-interest for us to work with other countries.
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ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
04:34
And I would say that national interest
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
04:36
and, if you like, what is the global interest
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ื•ืื ืชืจืฆื•, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
04:38
to tackle poverty and climate change
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ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
04:40
do, in the long run, come together.
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, ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“.
04:43
And whatever the short-run price for taking action on climate change
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ื•ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
04:46
or on security, or taking action to provide opportunities
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ืื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
04:49
for people for education,
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04:50
these are prices that are worth paying
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœืฉืœื
04:52
so that you build a stronger global society
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ื›ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:55
where people feel able to feel comfortable with each other
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ื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื•ื— ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™
04:58
and are able to communicate with each other in such a way
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื–ื”
05:01
that you can actually build stronger links between different countries.
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
05:04
CA: I still just want to draw out on this issue.
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ืื ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
ืื–, ืืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื ื—ืžื“,
05:07
So, you're on vacation at a nice beach,
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05:10
and word comes through that there's been a massive earthquake
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื’ื™ืขื”, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช
05:13
and that there is a tsunami advancing on the beach.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืฉืžืชืงื“ื ืืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ.
05:16
One end of the beach, there is a house containing a family of five Nigerians.
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ื‘ืงืฆื” ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช
ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆื ื ื™ื’ืจื™.
05:21
And at the other end of the beach there is a single Brit.
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ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืฃ
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“
05:24
You have time to --
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช-
05:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:27
you have time to alert one house.
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ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื—ื“. ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”?
05:30
What do you do?
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05:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:33
GB: Modern communications.
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ื’"ื‘: ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
05:35
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:38
Alert both.
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ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ืœืฉื ื™ื”ื.
05:40
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
05:43
I do agree that my responsibility
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ืื ื™ ืžืกื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื™
ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
05:47
is first of all to make sure that people in our country are safe.
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05:50
And I wouldn't like anything that is said today to suggest
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืขืŸ
05:53
that I am diminishing the importance of the responsibility
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
05:56
that each leader has for their own country.
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ืฉืœื›ืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื•.
05:58
But I'm trying to suggest that there is a huge opportunity
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ืงื™ืช
ืฉื ืคืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืœืคื ื™.
06:02
open to us that was never open to us before.
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06:04
But the power to communicate across borders
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื—ื•ืฆืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
06:06
allows us to organize the world in a different way.
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ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”.
06:10
And I think, look at the tsunami, it's a classic example.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืชืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™, ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืงืœืืกื™ืช.
06:13
Where was the early warning systems?
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืจืื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช?
06:16
Where was the world acting together
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข? ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
06:19
to deal with the problems that they knew arose
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ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื™ืขืœื•
06:21
from the potential for earthquakes,
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ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืื“ืžื”,
06:23
as well as the potential for climate change?
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?
06:25
And when the world starts to work together,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“,
06:28
with better early-warning systems,
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ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืจืื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:29
you can deal with some of these problems in a better way.
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ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
06:32
I just think we're not seeing, at the moment,
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ืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข,
06:34
the huge opportunities open to us by the ability of people to cooperate
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ืืช ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”
06:38
in a world where either there was isolationism before
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืœื ื•ืช,
06:41
or there was limited alliances based on convenience
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ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
06:45
which never actually took you to deal with some of the central problems.
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ืืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื’ืจืžื• ืœืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช.
06:48
CA: But I think this is the frustration
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ื›"ื: ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชืกื›ื•ืœ ืฉืื•ืœื™
06:50
that perhaps a lot of people have, like people in the audience here,
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ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืงื”ืœ,
06:54
where we love the kind of language that you're talking about.
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ืฉืื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
06:56
It is inspiring.
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ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื”. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
06:58
A lot of us believe that that has to be the world's future.
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ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉืชื ื”,
07:01
And yet, when the situation changes,
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ืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ืœืคืชืข ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื•,
07:04
you suddenly hear politicians talking as if,
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07:07
you know, for example, the life of one American soldier
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™
ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื™ืจืงื™ื.
07:10
is worth countless numbers of Iraqi civilians.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืจื’ืข ืืžืช ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
07:13
When the pedal hits the metal,
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07:16
the idealism can get moved away.
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ื”ืื™ื“ืืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื“ื—ืง ื”ืฆื™ื“ื”.
07:19
I'm just wondering whether you can see that changing over time,
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืชื•ื”ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ -
ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ,
07:25
whether you see in Britain
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ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืžื“ื•ืช, ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช
07:27
that there are changing attitudes,
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07:29
and that people are actually more supportive
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ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืจ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
07:31
of the kind of global ethic that you talk about.
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07:34
GB: I think every religion, every faith,
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ื’"ื‘: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžื•ื ื”,
07:37
and I'm not just talking here to people of faith or religion --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืง ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืืžื•ื ื” ืื• ื“ืช โ€“
07:40
it has this global ethic at the center of its credo.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื•.
07:44
And whether it's Jewish or whether it's Muslim
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกืœืžื™
ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื ื“ื™, ืื• ืื ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืงื™,
07:48
or whether it's Hindu, or whether it's Sikh,
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07:50
the same global ethic is at the heart of each of these religions.
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ื”ืื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื–ื”ื” ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ
ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื“ืชื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื•
07:56
So, I think you're dealing with something
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
07:58
that people instinctively see as part of their moral sense.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื–ื”.
ื›ืš ืฉืืชื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืขืฆืžื™ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ..
08:03
So you're building on something that is not pure self-interest.
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08:06
You're building on people's ideas and values --
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ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื โ€“
08:10
that perhaps they're candles that burn very dimly on certain occasions.
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ื›ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ
ืื•ืจื ืžืขื•ืžืขื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
ืืš ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ืืฉืจ, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืขื•ืš.
08:17
But it is a set of values that cannot, in my view, be extinguished.
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08:21
Then the question is,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื,
08:22
how do you make that change happen?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืชื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
08:25
How do you persuade people that it is in their interest
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ืื™ืš ืชืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื
ืฉื–ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœื”ื
08:29
to build strong --
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื–ืง... ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
08:31
After the Second World War,
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08:32
we built institutions, the United Nations,
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ื”ืื•"ื,
08:35
the IMF, the World Bank,
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ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™,
08:37
the World Trade Organization, the Marshall Plan.
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืจืฉืœ.
08:39
There was a period in which people talked about an act of creation,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื”,
08:43
because these institutions were so new.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
ืืš ื›ืขืช ื”ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื. ื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
08:46
But they are now out of date. They don't deal with the problems.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช
08:49
You can't deal with the environmental problem
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
08:51
through existing institutions.
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08:52
You can't deal with the security problem in the way that you need to.
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš.
ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
08:56
You can't deal with the economic and financial problem.
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ืื– ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
08:58
So we have got to rebuild our global institutions,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœื ืื ื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื.
09:01
build them in a way that is suitable to the challenges of this time.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•,
09:04
And I believe that if you look at the biggest challenge we face,
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09:07
it is to persuade people to have the confidence
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ื”ื•ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
09:10
that we can build a truly global society
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09:12
with the institutions that are founded on these rules.
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ืขื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืกื“ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื›ืœืœื™ื ืืœื•.
09:15
So, I come back to my initial point.
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
09:18
Sometimes you think things are impossible.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”
09:20
Nobody would have said 50 years ago
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ืฉื”ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“ ื™ืขืœื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1990,
09:22
that apartheid would have gone in 1990,
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ืื• ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืชื™ืคื•ืœ
09:24
or that the Berlin wall would have fallen at the turn of the '80s and '90s,
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ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80,
09:28
or that polio could be eradicated,
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ืื• ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืœืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื• ืชื™ืขืœื, ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœืคื ื™ 60 ืฉื ื”
09:30
or perhaps 60 years ago,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœื™ืจื—.
09:32
nobody would have said a man could gone to the Moon.
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09:34
All these things have happened.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืงืจื•.
ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™, ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืืคืฉืจื™.
09:36
By tackling the impossible, you make the impossible possible.
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ื›"ื: ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืืžืจ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
09:39
CA: And we have had a speaker who said that very thing,
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ื•ื‘ืœืข ื—ืจื‘ ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
09:43
and swallowed a sword right after that, which was quite dramatic.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:46
(Laughter)
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ื’"ื‘: ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื” ืื ื™ ืืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื—ืจื‘ ืฉืœื™....
09:47
GB: Followed my sword and swallow.
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ื›"ื: ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืกืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื—
09:50
CA: But, surely a true global ethic is for someone to say,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืื“ื ื™ื’ื™ื“,
"ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
09:55
"I believe that the life of every human on the planet
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ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืขืจื›ื, ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื”,
09:58
is worth the same, equal consideration,
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ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืœืื•ื ื•ื“ืช."
10:01
regardless of nationality and religion."
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10:04
And you have politicians who have --
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ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™-
10:07
you're elected.
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ืืชื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช. ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
10:08
In a way, you can't say that.
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10:09
Even if, as a human being, you believe that,
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ื’ื ืื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื, ืืชื” ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืœื–ื”,
10:11
you can't say that.
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ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืš. ืืชื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
10:13
You're elected for Britain's interests.
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ื’"ื‘: ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ.
10:15
GB: We have a responsibility to protect.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืชืจืื”, 1918, ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืจืกืื™,
10:18
I mean look, 1918, the Treaty of Versailles,
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10:21
and all the treaties before that,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ืืžื ืช ื•ืกื˜ืคืœื™ื” ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ,
10:23
the Treaty of Westphalia and everything else,
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ื”ื™ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื•ืช
10:25
were about protecting the sovereign right of countries
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช.
10:28
to do what they want.
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10:29
Since then, the world has moved forward,
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ืžืื–, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
10:31
partly as a result of what happened with the Holocaust,
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืื”,
10:34
and people's concern about the rights of individuals
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ื•ื“ืื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜
10:37
within territories where they need protection,
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื”,
10:41
partly because of what we saw in Rwanda,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
ื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”.
10:44
partly because of what we saw in Bosnia.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ
10:46
The idea of the responsibility to protect
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื
10:48
all individuals who are in situations where they are at humanitarian risk
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™
ื”ื•ืคืš ื›ืขืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
10:52
is now being established as a principle which governs the world.
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™
10:55
So, while I can't automatically say
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ืฉื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืชื—ื•ืฉ ืœืขื–ืจืชื•
10:59
that Britain will rush to the aid of any citizen of any country, in danger,
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”,
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืขืžื“ื”
11:05
I can say that Britain is in a position
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
11:08
where we're working with other countries
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
11:10
so that this idea that you have a responsibility
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ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืจืฆื— ืขื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
11:12
to protect people who are victims of either genocide or humanitarian attack,
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ืื• ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช,
11:17
is something that is accepted by the whole world.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
ื›ืขืช, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื–ืืช ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ืจืง
11:20
Now, in the end, that can only be achieved
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ืื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘
11:22
if your international institutions work well enough to be able to do so.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
11:25
And that comes back to what the future role of the United Nations,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื,
ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
11:29
and what it can do, actually is.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ
11:31
But, the responsibility to protect is a new idea that is, in a sense,
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ื”ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
ืฉื ืœืงื— ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ
11:35
taken over from the idea of self-determination
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ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช, ื›ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
11:37
as the principle governing the international community.
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11:40
CA: Can you picture, in our lifetimes,
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ื›"ื: ื”ืื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืืจ ืœืš, ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ ื™ืจื•ืฅ ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ
11:43
a politician ever going out on a platform
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกืจ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ? ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ-ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช?
11:46
of the kind of full-form global ethic, global citizenship?
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ืฉื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืืžืจ: "ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
11:51
And basically saying, "I believe that all people across the planet
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11:56
have equal consideration,
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ื”ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช, ื•ืื ื ื‘ื—ืจ
11:58
and if in power we will act in that way.
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ื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ืืช
12:01
And we believe that the people of this country
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ื”ื ื›ืขืช ื’ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื• ื ืคืขืœ..."
12:03
are also now global citizens and will support that ethic."
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ื’"ื‘: ื”ืื ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื
12:06
GB: Is that not what we're doing in the debate about climate change?
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื?
ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช;
12:10
We're saying that you cannot solve
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12:13
the problem of climate change in one country;
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ืขืœื™ืš ืœืขืจื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
12:15
you've got to involve all countries.
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ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ืš, ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ
12:17
You're saying that you must, and you have a duty to help those countries
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ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ืขื
12:21
that cannot afford to deal with the problems of climate change themselves.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
ืืชื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
12:25
You're saying you want a deal
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12:27
with all the different countries of the world
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ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ืฉืžืื’ื“ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•
12:29
where we're all bound together
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ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืจืžื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:31
to cutting carbon emissions in a way that is to the benefit of the whole world.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžื ืช ืงื™ื•ื˜ื• ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื”.
12:35
We've never had this before because Kyoto didn't work.
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ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ,
12:39
If you could get a deal at Copenhagen, where people agreed,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื. ื™ืฉ
12:43
A, that there was a long-term target for carbon emission cuts,
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ื™ืขื“ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ,
12:46
B, that there was short-range targets that had to be met
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ื‘. ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื’ื•ืช
ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืคืฉื˜;
12:49
so this wasn't just abstract;
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช
12:51
it was people actually making decisions now
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ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ,
12:53
that would make a difference now,
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ื•ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ
12:55
and if you could then find a financing mechanism
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12:57
that meant that the poorest countries that had been hurt
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืฉืจ ื ืคื’ืขื•
ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื
13:00
by our inability to deal with climate change
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื
13:02
over many, many years and decades
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ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืขื–ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ
13:04
are given special help
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13:06
so that they can move to energy-efficient technologies,
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ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
13:09
and they are in a position financially
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ื•ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
13:12
to be able to afford the long-term investment
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ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš
ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ,
13:14
that is associated with cutting carbon emissions,
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13:16
then you are treating the world equally,
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ื›ืš ืืชื” ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”,
13:20
by giving consideration to every part of the planet
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ื•ื‘ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
13:24
and the needs they have.
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13:25
It doesn't mean that everybody does exactly the same thing,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ,
13:28
because we've actually got to do more financially
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ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
13:30
to help the poorest countries,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื”
13:32
but it does mean there is equal consideration
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
13:35
for the needs of citizens in a single planet.
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ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ืื—ื“.
13:38
CA: Yes.
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ื›"ื: ื›ืŸ. ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
13:39
And then of course the theory is still that those talks get rent apart
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ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื™ื”ืจืกื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
13:43
by different countries fighting over their own individual interests.
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ื”ื ืื‘ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
ื’"ื‘: ื›ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื™ืฉ ืžืขืžื“,
13:46
GB: Yes, but I think Europe has got a position,
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ 27 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•.
13:49
which is 27 countries have already come together.
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13:52
I mean, the great difficulty in Europe
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืื
ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื• 27 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
13:54
is if you're at a meeting and 27 people speak,
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
13:56
it takes a very, very long time.
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ืืš ื ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
13:58
But we did get an agreement on climate change.
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื
14:02
America has made its first disposition on this
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ืขื ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืืฉืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื”
14:05
with the bill that President Obama should be congratulated
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ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื• ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื“ืจืš ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
14:09
for getting through Congress.
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14:10
Japan has made an announcement.
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ื™ืคืŸ ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื›ืจื–ื”.
14:12
China and India have signed up to the scientific evidence.
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ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ื—ืชืžื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช.
14:16
And now we've got to move them to accept
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ
ื™ืขื“ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ.
14:19
a long-term target, and then short-term targets.
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14:21
But more progress has been made, I think, in the last few weeks
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ืืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉื’ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
14:24
than had been made for some years.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื.
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ
14:26
And I do believe that there is a strong possibility
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
14:29
that if we work together, we can get that agreement to Copenhagen.
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ื›ื™ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ.
14:33
I certainly have been putting forward proposals
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช
14:35
that would have allowed the poorest parts of the world
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
14:38
to feel that we have taken into account their specific needs.
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ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืงื—ื ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
14:42
And we would help them adapt.
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ืื ื• ื ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
14:44
And we would help them make the transition to a low-carbon economy.
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ืื ื• ื ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ.
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš.
14:48
I do think a reform of the international institutions is vital to this.
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14:52
When the IMF was created in the 1940s,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ึพ40,
14:54
it was created with resources that were five percent or so of the world's GDP.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืขื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ื• ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
14:58
The IMF now has limited resources, one percent.
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ื›ืขืช, ืงืจืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื, ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“.
15:00
It can't really make the difference
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ.
15:02
that ought to be made in a period of crisis.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
15:04
So, we've got to rebuild the world institutions.
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15:07
And that's a big task:
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ื•ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”: ืฉื›ื ื•ืข
15:08
persuading all the different countries
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืฉืงืœื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื
15:10
with the different voting shares in these institutions to do so.
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ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœืฉื ื›ืš.
15:13
There is a story told about the three world leaders
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ื™ืฉื ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืืœื•ื”ื™ื.
15:17
of the day getting a chance to get some advice from God.
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15:21
And the story is told that Bill Clinton went to God
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ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืืœ ื”ืืœ
ื•ืฉืืœ, ืžืชื™ ื™ื”ื™ื•
15:25
and he asked when there will be successful climate change
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื‘ืืงืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
15:30
and a low-carbon economy.
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15:32
And God shook his head and said,
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื ืขื ืข ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื•ืืžืจ, "ืœื ื”ืฉื ื”,
15:34
"Not this year, not this decade, perhaps not even in [your] lifetime."
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ืœื ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืš."
ื‘ื™ืœ ืงืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืš ื‘ื‘ื›ื™
15:38
And Bill Clinton walked away in tears
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื”.
15:41
because he had failed to get what he wanted.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืกื•, ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ืช,
15:43
And then the story is that Barroso, the president of the European Commission,
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ืฉื”ืœืš ืืœ ื”ืืœ ื•ืฉืืœ,
15:47
went to God and he asked,
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15:48
"When will we get a recovery of global growth?"
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"ืžืชื™ ืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช?"
15:52
And God said, "Not this year, not in this decade,
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ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจ: "ืœื ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื–ื”,
15:55
perhaps not in your lifetime."
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš."
15:56
So Barroso walked away crying and in tears.
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ื›ืš ื‘ืืจื•ืกื• ื”ืชืจื—ืง ื‘ื•ื›ื”, ื‘ื“ืžืขื•ืช.
16:00
And then the Secretary-General of the United Nations
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื•ืช
16:05
came up to speak to God and said,
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ืœืžืขืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ,
16:07
"When will our international institutions work?"
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"ืžืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืขื‘ื“ื•?"
ื•ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ื”.
16:11
And God cried.
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16:12
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ
16:16
It is very important to recognize that this reform of institutions
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ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช
16:22
is the next stage after agreeing upon ourselves
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ืœืื—ืจ
ืฉื ืกื›ื™ื ืขื ืขืฆืžื ื•
16:26
that there is a clear ethic upon which we can build.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืกืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
16:29
CA: Prime Minister, I think there are many in the audience
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ื›"ื: ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืืฉืจ
ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ืช
16:32
who are truly appreciative of the efforts you made
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœืชื•ื›ื•.
16:35
in terms of the financial mess we got ourselves into.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ
16:37
And there are certainly many people in the audience
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ืฉื™ืจื™ืขื• ืœืš ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืงื“ื
16:40
who will be cheering you on as you seek to advance this global ethic.
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ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉื”ื’ืขืช ืœ- TED.
16:43
Thank you so much for coming to TED.
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ื’"ื‘: ื˜ื•ื‘, ืชื•ื“ื”.
16:45
GB: Well, thank you.
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16:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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