Cesar Harada: A novel idea for cleaning up oil spills

69,418 views ใƒป 2012-07-05

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
In the ocean,
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ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก,
00:16
what is the common point
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ืžื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
00:18
between oil, plastic and radioactivity?
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ืœื ืคื˜, ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื•ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช?
00:24
On the top line, this is the BP oil spill:
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื• ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช BP:
00:29
billions of barrels of oil gushing
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ื ืฉืคื›ื•ืช
00:31
in the Gulf of Mexico.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืžืคืจืฅ ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•.
00:33
The middle line is millions of tons of
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ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื–ื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ
00:35
plastic debris accumulating in our ocean,
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ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก,
00:37
and the third line is radioactive material
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ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
00:40
leaking from Fukushima nuclear power plant
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ื”ื“ื•ืœืคื™ื ืžื”ื›ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืงื•ืฉื™ืžื”
00:42
in the Pacific Ocean.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜.
00:43
Well, the three big problems have in common
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
00:48
that they are man-made problems
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™-ื™ื“ื™-ืื“ื
00:51
but they are controlled by natural forces.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
00:53
This should make us feel very, terribly awful
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ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฆืœื ื• ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ื•ืžื”
00:57
as much as it should make us feel hopeful,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื•ื”,
01:00
because if we have the power to create these problems,
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ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ืื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•,
01:02
we may as well have the power
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
01:04
to remediate these problems.
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ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชืŸ.
01:06
But what about natural forces?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข?
01:08
Well, that's exactly what I want to talk about today,
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ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:10
is how we can use these natural forces
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข ืืœื”
01:13
to remediate these man-made problems.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™-ื™ื“ื™-ืื“ื?
01:18
When the BP oil spill happened,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจืชื” ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื”ื ืคื˜
01:19
I was working at MIT, and I was in charge
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ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช BP, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘-MIT ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ
01:22
of developing an oil spill-cleaning technology.
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ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื™ ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืคื˜.
01:24
And I had a chance to go in the Gulf of Mexico
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืคืจืฅ ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•
01:28
and meet some fishermen and see
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ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืœืจืื•ืช
01:30
the terrible conditions in which they were working.
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ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื•.
01:32
More than 700 of these boats,
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-700 ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•,
01:35
which are fishermen boats repurposed
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืกื‘ื”
01:37
with oil absorbent in white
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ืขื ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืกืคื™ื’ืช ื ืคื˜, ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ,
01:40
and oil containment in orange, were used,
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ื•ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื•, ื‘ื›ืชื•ื.
01:42
but they only collected three percent of the oil on the surface,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืจืง 3% ืžื”ื ืคื˜ ืฉืขืœ ืคื ื™-ื”ื™ื,
01:45
and the health of the cleaners
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ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ืงื™ื
01:47
were very deeply affected.
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ื ืคื’ืขื” ืงืฉื•ืช.
01:49
I was working on a very interesting technology
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ืื ื™ ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช
01:53
at MIT, but it was a very long-term view
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ื‘-MIT, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš
01:55
of how to develop technology,
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ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
01:57
and it was going to be a very expensive technology,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืงืจื”,
01:59
and also it would be patented.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื›ืคื˜ื ื˜.
02:02
So I wanted to develop something that we could
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ืœื›ืŸ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ
02:04
develop very fast, that would be cheap,
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ืœืคืชื— ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื•ืœ,
02:08
and that would be open-source, so, because
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ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœื›ื•ืœื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
02:10
oil spills are not only happening in the Gulf of Mexico,
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ืฉื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืคื˜ ืื™ื ืŸ ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ืžื›ืกื™ืงื•,
02:12
and that would be using renewable energy.
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ื•ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืชื ืฆืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
02:15
So I quit my dream job,
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ืœื›ืŸ ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœื•ืžื™ืช,
02:17
and I moved to New Orleans,
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื ื™ื•-ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก,
02:19
and I kept on studying how the oil spill was happening.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื”ื ืคื˜.
02:22
Currently, what they were doing is
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
02:24
that they were using these small fishing boats,
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ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
02:26
and they were cleaning clean lines in an ocean of dirt.
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ืžื ืงื™ื ืื™ืชืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคืกื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื”ืžื”.
02:29
If you're using the exact same amount of surface
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—
02:33
of oil absorbent, but you're just paying attention
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ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคื’ ื ืคื˜ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžืช ืœื‘
02:35
to natural patterns, and if you're going up the winds,
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ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื ืขื™ื ื ื’ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—,
02:37
you can collect a lot more material.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื˜.
02:39
If you're multiplying the rig,
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ืื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืื™ืกื•ืฃ,
02:41
so you multiply how many layers of absorbent
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื’,
02:44
you're using, you can collect a lot more.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืคื˜.
02:45
But it's extremely difficult to move oil absorbent
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกื•ืคื’
02:48
against the winds, the surface currents and the waves.
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ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืจื•ื—, ื–ืจืžื™ ืคื ื™-ื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ื.
02:52
These are enormous forces.
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ืืœื” ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื.
02:53
So the very simple idea was to use the ancient technique
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ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”
02:56
of sailing and tacking of the wind
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ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื˜ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื•ื—
02:58
to capture or intercept the oil
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื ืคื˜
03:01
that is drifting down the wind.
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ื”ื ืกื—ืฃ ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจื•ื—.
03:02
So this didn't require any invention.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:06
We just took a simple sailing boat
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื˜ื ื• ืกืคื™ื ื”
03:08
and we tried to pull something long and heavy,
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืจื•ืš ื•ื›ื‘ื“,
03:09
but as we tacked back and forth,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœื›ืืŸ,
03:12
what we lost was two things:
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ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
03:13
we were losing pulling power and direction.
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ืื™ื‘ื“ื ื• ื›ื— ื’ืจื™ืจื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
03:17
And so, I thought, what about if we just take the rudder
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ื’ื” ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืื—ื•ืจ
03:21
from the back of the boat to the front,
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ื‘ืกืคื™ื ื” ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื• ืžืงื“ื™ืžื”,
03:22
would we have better control?
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ื”ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”?
03:24
So I built this small sailing robot
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื–ื” ืฉืฉื˜ ื›ืืฉืจ
03:26
with the rudder at the front,
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ื”ื’ื” ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืชืงืŸ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื”,
03:27
and I was trying to pull something very long and heavy,
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืืจื•ืš ื•ื›ื‘ื“,
03:30
so that's a four-meter-long object just to pull,
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ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืื•ืจื›ื• 4 ืžื˜ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ืจ,
03:33
and I was surprised with just a 14-centimeter rudder,
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ืฉืืš ื•ืจืง ืขื ื”ื’ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 14 ืก"ืž,
03:36
I could control four meters of absorbent.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจ ืกื•ืคื’ ืฉืžื™ืžื“ื™ื• 4 ืžื˜ืจ.
03:38
Then I was so happy that I kept playing with the robot,
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜,
03:42
and so you see the robot has
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
03:45
a front rudder here.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืงื“ืžื™.
03:46
Normally it's at the back.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš-ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
03:47
And, playing, I realized that the maneuverability
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ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง, ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ืžืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืง
03:51
of this was really amazing,
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ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
03:52
and I could avoid an obstacle at the very last second,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืžืง ืžืžื™ื›ืฉื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
03:54
more maneuverable than a normal boat.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
03:56
Then I started publishing online, and
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืฉืช
03:59
some friends from Korea, they started being
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ื•ืื– ื›ืžื” ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
04:02
interested in this, and we made a boat
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ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืกืคื™ื ื”
04:03
which has a front rudder and a back rudder,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื” ื”ื’ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ื”ื’ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
04:05
so we started interacting with this,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื”,
04:07
and it was slightly better,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ,
04:09
although it was very small and a bit off balance,
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ืืฃ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจ ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™-ืžืฉืงืœ.
04:11
but then we thought,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•,
04:12
what if we have more than two points of control?
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ืžื” ืื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”?
04:14
What if the entire boat becomes a point of control?
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”?
04:16
What if the entire boat changes shape?
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ืžื” ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืฆื•ืจื”?
04:18
So โ€” (Applause)
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ืื– -- (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:21
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:23
And so that's the beginning of Protei,
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ื–ื• ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ืื™ (ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืฆื•ืจื”),
04:25
and that's the first boat in history
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
04:27
that completely changed the shape of the hull
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ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื” ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืคื”
04:29
in order to control it,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืชื ื•ืขืชื”,
04:30
and the properties of sailing that we get
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ื•ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื˜ ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช
04:33
are very superior compared to a normal boat.
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ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
04:36
When we're turning, we have the feeling of surfing,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื•ื ื™ื, ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื™ืฉื” ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ื,
04:38
and the way it's going up-wind, it's very efficient.
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ื•ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ื ืขื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
04:42
This is low speed, low wind speed,
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ื–ื• ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื— ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
04:45
and the maneuverability is very increased,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื™ืžืจื•ืŸ ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื” ืžืื•ื“.
04:47
and here I'm going to do a small jibe,
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ื›ืืŸ ืื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืžืจื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ
04:49
and look at the position of the sail.
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ื•ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžืคืจืฉ.
04:52
What's happening is that, because the boat changes shape,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืฆื•ืจื”,
04:55
the position of the front sail and the main sail
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ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื™
04:57
are different to the wind.
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ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืจื•ื—.
04:59
We're catching wind from both sides.
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ืื ื• ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
05:01
And this is exactly what we're looking [for]
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
05:03
if we want to pull something long and heavy.
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ืื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืจื•ืš ื•ื›ื‘ื“.
05:05
We don't want to lose pulling power, nor direction.
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ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื’ืจื™ืจื” ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
05:07
So, I wanted to know if this was possible
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
05:10
to put this at an industrial level,
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ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™.
05:11
so we made a large boat with a large sail,
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ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืกืคื™ื ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืคืจืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
05:14
and with a very light hull, inflatable,
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ืขื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื ืคื—,
05:17
very small footprint,
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ื‘ืขืœืช ืขื™ืงื‘ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
05:18
so we have a very big size and power ratio.
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ื•ื›ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ื™ื—ืก ื”ืกืคืง-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
05:21
After this, we wanted to see if we could
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ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ
05:24
implement this and automate the system,
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ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ืžืขืจื›ืช.
05:26
so we used the same system but we added
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืกืคื ื•
05:28
a structure to it so we could activate the machine.
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ืœื” ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™.
05:30
So, we used the same bladder-inflated system,
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืชื ืคื—ืช
05:34
and we took it for testing.
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ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
05:36
So this is happening in the Netherlands.
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“.
05:38
We tried in the water without any skin or ballast
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืœืœื ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืื• ืžืฉืงืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื‘,
05:40
just to see how it works.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“.
05:43
And then we mounted a camera for controlling it,
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ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ื”ืชืงื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœื™ื”,
05:46
but quickly we saw that we would need
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืจืื™ื ื• ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš
05:49
a lot more weight at the bottom,
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ืžืฉืงืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช,
05:51
so we had to take it back to the lab,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”
05:52
and then we built a skin around it,
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘,
05:54
we put batteries, remote controllers, and then
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ืฉืžื ื• ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง
05:58
we put it in the water and then we
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื.
05:59
let it go in the water and see how well it would work,
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ืื™ืคืฉืจื ื• ืœื” ืœืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื”.
06:02
so let some rope out, and hope it's going to work,
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืœ ื•ื ืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“,
06:06
and it worked okay, but we still have a long way.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ืžื•ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
06:09
Our small prototype has given us good insight
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ืื‘-ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
06:11
that it's working very well,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
06:13
but we still need to work a lot more on this.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื”.
06:15
So what we are doing is an accelerated evolution
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžื•ืืฅ
06:19
of sailing technology.
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ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ื˜.
06:21
We went from a back rudder to a front rudder
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ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžื”ื’ื”-ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืœืงื™ื“ืžื™,
06:23
to two rudders to multiple rudders
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ืœื”ื’ืื™ื ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื, ืœื”ื’ืื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
06:25
to the whole boat changing shape,
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ืœืกืคื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืžืฉื ื” ืฆื•ืจื”,
06:26
and the more we are moving forward,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื,
06:28
and the more the design looks simple and cute. (Laughter)
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ื›ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ื—ืžื•ื“. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:34
But I wanted to show you a fish because --
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ื“ื’ ื›ื™ --
06:37
In fact, it's very different from a fish.
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื“ื’.
06:40
A fish will move because -- by changing like this,
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ื“ื’ ื ืข ื›ื™ -- ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื›ื”,
06:44
but our boat is propelled by the wind still,
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ืื‘ืœ ืกืคื™ื ืชื ื• ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—
06:47
and the hull controls the trajectory.
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ื•ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืงื•ื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
06:50
So I brought to you for the first time on the TED stage
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ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืžืช TED
06:53
Protei Number Eight. It's not the last one,
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ืคืจื•ื˜ืื™ ืžืก' 8. ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
06:56
but it's a good one for making demos.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื“ื’ืžื”.
06:58
So the first thing as I show you in the video is
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื
07:00
that we may be able to control the trajectory
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”
07:04
of a sailing boat better,
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ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื”,
07:06
or we may be able to never be in irons,
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ืื• ืฉื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ืชื—ืžืง ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืงืœ
07:09
so never facing the wind,
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ื‘ืจื•ื— ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื,
07:10
we always can catch the wind from both sides.
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ื›ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
07:12
But new properties of a sailing boat.
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ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ื ื” ืฉื˜ื”.
07:15
So if you're looking at the boat from this side,
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ืื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื” ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื”,
07:19
this might remind you of an airplane profile.
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ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก.
07:21
An airplane, when you're moving in this direction,
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ืžื˜ื•ืก, ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื”,
07:23
starts to lift, and that's how it takes off.
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ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืžืจื™ื.
07:26
Now, if you're taking the same system,
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ืื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช,
07:28
and you're putting vertical, you're bending,
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ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืื ื›ื™ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ืคืฃ ืื•ืชื”,
07:30
and if you're moving this way forward,
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ื•ืื ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
07:32
your instinct will tell you that you might go this way,
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ื”ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ ื™ืืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื•ืข ื›ืš,
07:35
but if you're moving fast enough,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื”ืจ,
07:37
you might create what we call lateral lift,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™,
07:39
so we could get further or closer to the wind.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื•ืข ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ื—.
07:42
Other property is this:
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ืชื›ื•ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:
07:45
A normal sailing boat has a centerboard here
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ืœืกืคื™ื ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื— ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื›ืืŸ
07:48
and a rudder at the back,
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ื•ื”ื’ื”-ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจ,
07:50
and these two things are what creates most
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘
07:53
resistance and turbulence behind the boat,
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ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื”.
07:55
but because this doesn't have either
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืกืคื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ
07:58
a centerboard or a rudder,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ืืœื”,
07:59
we hope that if we keep working on this hull design
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืื ื ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื•,
08:02
we can improve and have less resistance.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช.
08:04
The other thing is, most boats, when they reach
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช
08:07
a certain speed, and they are going on waves,
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ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ืœื™ื,
08:09
they start to hit and slap on the surface of the water,
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ื”ืŸ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืคื•ื— ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื
08:12
and a lot of the energy moving forward is lost.
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืชื‘ื–ื‘ื–ืช ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
08:15
But if we're going with the flow,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื ื ื•ืข ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืจื,
08:17
if we pay attention to natural patterns
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ืื ื ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
08:19
instead of trying to be strong,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงืฉื™ื— --
08:21
but if you're going with the flow, we may absorb
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ืื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืจื, ืื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืกืคื•ื’
08:23
a lot of environmental noises, so the wave energy,
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ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืจืขืฉื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื,
08:26
to actually save some energy to move forward.
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ื•ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
08:30
So we may have developed the technology
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืขื™ืœื”
08:34
which is very efficient for pulling something long and heavy,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืืจื•ืš ื•ื›ื‘ื“.
08:36
but the idea is, what is the purpose of technology
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
08:41
if it doesn't reach the right hands?
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ืื ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช?
08:43
Normal technology or innovation happens like this:
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื•ืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืš:
08:45
Somebody has an interesting idea,
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ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
08:48
some other scientist or engineer,
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ืžื“ืขืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืื• ืžื”ื ื“ืก
08:50
they take it to the next level, they make a theory about it
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ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ื‘ื•ื ื” ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•
08:52
and maybe they patent it,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืฉื ืขืœื™ื• ืคื˜ื ื˜,
08:54
and then some industry will make a contract
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ื•ืื– ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืชืขืฉื” ื—ื•ื–ื”
08:56
of exclusivity to manufacture and sell it,
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ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื• ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจืชื•,
08:59
and then, eventually, a buyer will buy it,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื™ืงื ื” ืื•ืชื•,
09:01
and we hope that they are going to use [it] for a good purpose.
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ื•ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
09:04
What we really want is that this innovation happens
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆืื” ื–ื• ืชืชืจื—ืฉ
09:08
continuously. The inventor and engineers
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช. ืฉื”ืžืžืฆื™ื, ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื,
09:10
and also the manufacturers and everybody
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ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ
09:12
works at the same time, but this would be sterile
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ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืงืจ
09:14
if this was happening in a parallel and uncrossed process.
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ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฆื˜ืœื‘.
09:18
What you really want is not a sequential,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืกื™ื“ืจืชื™ ืื• ืขื•ืงื‘,
09:20
not parallel development.
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ืœื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
09:21
You want to have a network of innovation.
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ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืคืจื•ืกื”.
09:23
You want everybody, like we're doing now,
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืขืช,
09:25
to work at the same time, and that can only happen
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ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืจืง
09:28
if these people all together decide to share the information,
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ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข,
09:32
and that's exactly what open hardware is about.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืžืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
09:35
It's to replace competition by collaboration.
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ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
09:38
It's to transform any new product into a new market.
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ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืง ื—ื“ืฉ.
09:42
So what is open hardware?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”?
09:45
Essentially, open hardware is a license.
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ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื”, ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื–ื” ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ.
09:47
It's just an intellectual property setup.
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ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
09:49
It means that everybody is free to use,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ,
09:52
modify and distribute, and in exchange
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ, ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื”
09:55
we only ask for two things:
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ืื ื• ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
09:56
The name is credited -- the name of the project --
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ืฉื”ืฉื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ -- ื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ --
09:58
and also the people who make improvement,
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ื•ื’ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
10:01
they share back with the community.
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
10:02
So it's a very simple condition.
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ืื ื›ืš ื–ื” ืชื ืื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
10:04
And I started this project alone in a garage in New Orleans,
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ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืœื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืกืš ื‘ื ื™ื•-ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก,
10:08
but quickly after I wanted to publish and share
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ-ืžื›ืŸ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืคืจืกื ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ
10:10
this information, so I made a Kickstarter,
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ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงืžืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื ืง,
10:12
which is a crowd-fundraising platform,
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
10:14
and in about one month we fundraised 30,000 dollars.
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื’ื™ื™ืกื ื• 30 ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
10:16
With this money, I hired a team of young engineers
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ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื” ื”ืขืกืงืชื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
10:20
from all over the world, and we rented a factory
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ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ืจื ื• ืžืคืขืœ
10:22
in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
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ื‘ืจื•ื˜ืจื“ื ืฉื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“.
10:24
We were peer-learning, we were engineering,
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ืชื™ื›ื ื ื•,
10:27
we were making things, prototyping,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืื‘ื™-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก,
10:30
but most importantly we were trying our prototypes
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืช ืื‘ื™-ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก
10:32
in the water as often as possible,
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ื‘ืžื™ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:34
to fail as quickly as possible, to learn from.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื.
10:37
This is a proud member of Protei from Korea,
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ื–ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื’ืื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื˜ืื™,
10:40
and on the right side, this is a multiple-masts
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ื•ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ, ื–ื” ื“ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ืชืจื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื
10:42
design proposed by a team in Mexico.
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ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืžื›ืกื™ืงื•.
10:44
This idea really appealed to Gabriella Levine
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืš ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ืืœื” ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ
10:47
in New York, and so she decided to prototype
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ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
10:50
this idea that she saw, and she documented
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ืื‘-ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืขื“ื”
10:52
every step of the process,
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ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš,
10:54
and she published it on Instructables,
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ื•ืคื™ืจืกืžื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืืชืจ Instructables,
10:56
which is a website for sharing inventions.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช.
10:58
Less than one week after,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ืจ,
11:00
this is a team in Eindhoven, it's a school of engineering.
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ื–ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื™ื ื“ื”ื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”.
11:04
They made it, but they eventually published
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืคื™ืจืกืžื•
11:06
a simplified design.
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ื“ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
11:08
They also made it into an Instructable,
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ื’ื ื”ื ื”ืขืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืืชืจ Instructables,
11:09
and in less than one week, they had
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ื•ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื
11:11
almost 10,000 views, and they got many new friends.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ 10 ืืœืฃ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
11:14
We're working on also simpler technology,
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ื’ื ืื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”,
11:17
not that complex, with younger people
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ืœื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
11:19
and also older people,
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ื•ื’ื ืขื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
11:20
like this dinosaur is from Mexico. (Laughter)
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืžื›ืกื™ืงื•. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:24
So Protei is now an international network
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืคืจื•ื˜ืื™ ื–ื• ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
11:26
of innovation for selling technology
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช
11:29
using this shape-shifting hull.
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ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•.
11:31
And what puts us together is that we have a common,
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ืžื” ืฉืžืื—ื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•,
11:35
at least, global understanding
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช, ืฉื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
11:38
of what the word "business" is, or what it should be.
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืขืกืงื™ื", ืื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
11:41
This is how most work today.
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ื›ืš ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.
11:43
Business as usual is saying, what's most important
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"ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ" ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘
11:45
is to make lots of profit, and you'll be using
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื•ื™ื— ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืืชื ืชืฉืชืžืฉื•
11:48
technology for that, and people will be your work force,
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ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ื—-ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
11:51
instrumentalized,
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
11:52
and environment is usually the last priority.
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ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื”.
11:54
It will be just a way to, say, greenwash your audience
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ืชืขืฉื• ื”ืฆื’ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
11:58
and, say, increase your price tag.
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ื•ื›ืš, ื ืืžืจ, ืชืขืœื• ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ.
12:01
What we're trying to do, or what we believe,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ืื• ืฉืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื•,
12:03
because this is how we believe the world really works,
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ื›ื™ ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
12:06
is that without the environment you have nothing.
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ืฉืœืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ืœื•ื.
12:08
We have the people so we need to protect each other, yes,
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ื™ืฉื ื ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ืŸ,
12:11
and we're a technology company,
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
12:12
and profit is necessary to make this happen. (Applause)
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ื•ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:17
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:21
If we have the courage to understand or accept
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ
12:25
that this actually how the world really works,
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ืฉื›ืš ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืคื•ืขืœ,
12:27
and this is the order of priority that we need to choose,
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ื•ืฉื–ื” ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ,
12:30
then it makes obvious why we need
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ืื– ืžืชื‘ื”ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
12:32
to choose open hardware for developing environmental
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
12:35
technology, because we need to share information.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข.
12:36
What's next for us?
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ืžื” ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœื ื•?
12:38
So, this small machine that you've seen,
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืจืื™ืชื,
12:41
we're hoping to make small toys like
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•
12:43
one-meter remote control Protei that you can upgrade --
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ืคืจื•ื˜ืื™ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืžื˜ืจ ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง ื•ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื“ืจื’ื --
12:47
so replace the remote control parts by Androids,
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ืชื—ืœื™ืคื• ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืœื˜ ืจื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื,
12:50
so the mobile phone, and Arduino micro-controller,
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ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“, ื•ื‘ืงืจ-ืžื™ืงืจื• Arduino,
12:53
so you could be controlling this
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื–ื”
12:55
from your mobile phone, your tablet.
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ืžื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“, ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืœื•ื—.
12:56
Then what we want to do is create six-meter versions
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ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 6 ืžื˜ืจื™ื
13:00
so we can test the maximum performance of these machines,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
13:02
so we can go at very, very high speed.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช.
13:04
So imagine yourself.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื,
13:05
You are laying down in a flexible torpedo,
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ืืชื ืฉื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืจืคื“ื• ื’ืžื™ืฉ,
13:08
sailing at high speed,
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ื”ืฉื˜ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
13:10
controlling the shape of the hull with your legs
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ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืจื’ืœื™ื›ื
13:11
and controlling the sail with your arms.
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ื•ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
13:14
So that's what we're looking for developing. (Applause)
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœืคืชื—. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:18
And we replace the human being --
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืื“ื --
13:21
to go, for example, for measuring radioactivity,
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ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืจื“ื™ื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
13:23
you don't want a human to be sailing those robots --
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ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื™ืฉื•ื˜ื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• --
13:25
with batteries, motors, micro-controllers and sensors.
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ืขื ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช, ืžื ื•ืขื™ื, ื‘ืงืจื™-ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
13:28
This is what our teammates, we dream of at night.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช.
13:32
We hope that we can sometime clean up oil spills,
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ืื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืงื•ืช ื“ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื ืคื˜,
13:35
or we can gather or collect plastic in the ocean,
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ืื• ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
13:39
or we can have swarms of our machines
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ืื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืฆื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช
13:42
controlled by multi-player video game engines
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ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
13:45
to control many of these machines,
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
13:47
to monitor coral reefs
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื
13:49
or to monitor fisheries.
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ืื• ืœื ื˜ืจ ืื–ื•ืจื™-ื“ื™ื’.
13:51
Our hope is that we can use open hardware technology
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ืชืงื•ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฆืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”
13:56
to better understand and protect our oceans.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
13:59
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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