Cesar Harada: A novel idea for cleaning up oil spills

69,352 views ・ 2012-07-05

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

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Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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In the ocean,
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what is the common point
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between oil, plastic and radioactivity?
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On the top line, this is the BP oil spill:
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billions of barrels of oil gushing
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in the Gulf of Mexico.
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The middle line is millions of tons of
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plastic debris accumulating in our ocean,
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and the third line is radioactive material
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leaking from Fukushima nuclear power plant
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in the Pacific Ocean.
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Well, the three big problems have in common
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that they are man-made problems
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but they are controlled by natural forces.
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This should make us feel very, terribly awful
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as much as it should make us feel hopeful,
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because if we have the power to create these problems,
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we may as well have the power
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to remediate these problems.
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But what about natural forces?
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Well, that's exactly what I want to talk about today,
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is how we can use these natural forces
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to remediate these man-made problems.
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When the BP oil spill happened,
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I was working at MIT, and I was in charge
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of developing an oil spill-cleaning technology.
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And I had a chance to go in the Gulf of Mexico
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and meet some fishermen and see
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the terrible conditions in which they were working.
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More than 700 of these boats,
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which are fishermen boats repurposed
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with oil absorbent in white
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and oil containment in orange, were used,
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but they only collected three percent of the oil on the surface,
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and the health of the cleaners
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were very deeply affected.
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I was working on a very interesting technology
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at MIT, but it was a very long-term view
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of how to develop technology,
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and it was going to be a very expensive technology,
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and also it would be patented.
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So I wanted to develop something that we could
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develop very fast, that would be cheap,
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and that would be open-source, so, because
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oil spills are not only happening in the Gulf of Mexico,
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and that would be using renewable energy.
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So I quit my dream job,
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and I moved to New Orleans,
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and I kept on studying how the oil spill was happening.
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Currently, what they were doing is
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that they were using these small fishing boats,
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and they were cleaning clean lines in an ocean of dirt.
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If you're using the exact same amount of surface
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of oil absorbent, but you're just paying attention
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to natural patterns, and if you're going up the winds,
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you can collect a lot more material.
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If you're multiplying the rig,
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so you multiply how many layers of absorbent
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you're using, you can collect a lot more.
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But it's extremely difficult to move oil absorbent
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against the winds, the surface currents and the waves.
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These are enormous forces.
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So the very simple idea was to use the ancient technique
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of sailing and tacking of the wind
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to capture or intercept the oil
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that is drifting down the wind.
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So this didn't require any invention.
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We just took a simple sailing boat
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and we tried to pull something long and heavy,
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but as we tacked back and forth,
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what we lost was two things:
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we were losing pulling power and direction.
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And so, I thought, what about if we just take the rudder
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from the back of the boat to the front,
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would we have better control?
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So I built this small sailing robot
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with the rudder at the front,
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and I was trying to pull something very long and heavy,
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so that's a four-meter-long object just to pull,
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and I was surprised with just a 14-centimeter rudder,
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I could control four meters of absorbent.
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Then I was so happy that I kept playing with the robot,
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and so you see the robot has
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a front rudder here.
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Normally it's at the back.
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And, playing, I realized that the maneuverability
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of this was really amazing,
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and I could avoid an obstacle at the very last second,
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more maneuverable than a normal boat.
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Then I started publishing online, and
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some friends from Korea, they started being
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interested in this, and we made a boat
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which has a front rudder and a back rudder,
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so we started interacting with this,
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and it was slightly better,
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although it was very small and a bit off balance,
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but then we thought,
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what if we have more than two points of control?
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What if the entire boat becomes a point of control?
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What if the entire boat changes shape?
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So — (Applause)
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Thank you very much. (Applause)
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And so that's the beginning of Protei,
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and that's the first boat in history
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that completely changed the shape of the hull
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in order to control it,
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and the properties of sailing that we get
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are very superior compared to a normal boat.
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When we're turning, we have the feeling of surfing,
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and the way it's going up-wind, it's very efficient.
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This is low speed, low wind speed,
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and the maneuverability is very increased,
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and here I'm going to do a small jibe,
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and look at the position of the sail.
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What's happening is that, because the boat changes shape,
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the position of the front sail and the main sail
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are different to the wind.
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We're catching wind from both sides.
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And this is exactly what we're looking [for]
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if we want to pull something long and heavy.
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We don't want to lose pulling power, nor direction.
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So, I wanted to know if this was possible
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to put this at an industrial level,
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so we made a large boat with a large sail,
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and with a very light hull, inflatable,
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very small footprint,
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so we have a very big size and power ratio.
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After this, we wanted to see if we could
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implement this and automate the system,
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so we used the same system but we added
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a structure to it so we could activate the machine.
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So, we used the same bladder-inflated system,
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and we took it for testing.
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So this is happening in the Netherlands.
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We tried in the water without any skin or ballast
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just to see how it works.
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And then we mounted a camera for controlling it,
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but quickly we saw that we would need
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a lot more weight at the bottom,
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so we had to take it back to the lab,
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and then we built a skin around it,
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we put batteries, remote controllers, and then
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we put it in the water and then we
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let it go in the water and see how well it would work,
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so let some rope out, and hope it's going to work,
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and it worked okay, but we still have a long way.
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Our small prototype has given us good insight
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that it's working very well,
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but we still need to work a lot more on this.
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So what we are doing is an accelerated evolution
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of sailing technology.
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We went from a back rudder to a front rudder
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to two rudders to multiple rudders
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to the whole boat changing shape,
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and the more we are moving forward,
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and the more the design looks simple and cute. (Laughter)
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But I wanted to show you a fish because --
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In fact, it's very different from a fish.
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A fish will move because -- by changing like this,
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but our boat is propelled by the wind still,
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and the hull controls the trajectory.
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So I brought to you for the first time on the TED stage
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Protei Number Eight. It's not the last one,
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but it's a good one for making demos.
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So the first thing as I show you in the video is
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that we may be able to control the trajectory
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of a sailing boat better,
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or we may be able to never be in irons,
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so never facing the wind,
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we always can catch the wind from both sides.
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But new properties of a sailing boat.
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So if you're looking at the boat from this side,
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this might remind you of an airplane profile.
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An airplane, when you're moving in this direction,
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starts to lift, and that's how it takes off.
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Now, if you're taking the same system,
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and you're putting vertical, you're bending,
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and if you're moving this way forward,
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your instinct will tell you that you might go this way,
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but if you're moving fast enough,
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you might create what we call lateral lift,
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so we could get further or closer to the wind.
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Other property is this:
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A normal sailing boat has a centerboard here
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and a rudder at the back,
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and these two things are what creates most
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resistance and turbulence behind the boat,
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but because this doesn't have either
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a centerboard or a rudder,
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we hope that if we keep working on this hull design
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we can improve and have less resistance.
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The other thing is, most boats, when they reach
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a certain speed, and they are going on waves,
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they start to hit and slap on the surface of the water,
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and a lot of the energy moving forward is lost.
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But if we're going with the flow,
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if we pay attention to natural patterns
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instead of trying to be strong,
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but if you're going with the flow, we may absorb
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a lot of environmental noises, so the wave energy,
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to actually save some energy to move forward.
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So we may have developed the technology
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which is very efficient for pulling something long and heavy,
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but the idea is, what is the purpose of technology
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if it doesn't reach the right hands?
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Normal technology or innovation happens like this:
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Somebody has an interesting idea,
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some other scientist or engineer,
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they take it to the next level, they make a theory about it
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and maybe they patent it,
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and then some industry will make a contract
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of exclusivity to manufacture and sell it,
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and then, eventually, a buyer will buy it,
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and we hope that they are going to use [it] for a good purpose.
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What we really want is that this innovation happens
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continuously. The inventor and engineers
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and also the manufacturers and everybody
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works at the same time, but this would be sterile
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if this was happening in a parallel and uncrossed process.
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What you really want is not a sequential,
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not parallel development.
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You want to have a network of innovation.
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You want everybody, like we're doing now,
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to work at the same time, and that can only happen
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if these people all together decide to share the information,
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and that's exactly what open hardware is about.
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It's to replace competition by collaboration.
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It's to transform any new product into a new market.
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So what is open hardware?
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Essentially, open hardware is a license.
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It's just an intellectual property setup.
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It means that everybody is free to use,
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modify and distribute, and in exchange
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we only ask for two things:
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The name is credited -- the name of the project --
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and also the people who make improvement,
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they share back with the community.
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So it's a very simple condition.
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And I started this project alone in a garage in New Orleans,
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but quickly after I wanted to publish and share
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this information, so I made a Kickstarter,
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which is a crowd-fundraising platform,
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and in about one month we fundraised 30,000 dollars.
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With this money, I hired a team of young engineers
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from all over the world, and we rented a factory
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in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.
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We were peer-learning, we were engineering,
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we were making things, prototyping,
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but most importantly we were trying our prototypes
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in the water as often as possible,
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to fail as quickly as possible, to learn from.
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This is a proud member of Protei from Korea,
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and on the right side, this is a multiple-masts
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design proposed by a team in Mexico.
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This idea really appealed to Gabriella Levine
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in New York, and so she decided to prototype
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this idea that she saw, and she documented
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every step of the process,
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and she published it on Instructables,
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which is a website for sharing inventions.
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Less than one week after,
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this is a team in Eindhoven, it's a school of engineering.
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They made it, but they eventually published
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a simplified design.
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They also made it into an Instructable,
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and in less than one week, they had
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almost 10,000 views, and they got many new friends.
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We're working on also simpler technology,
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not that complex, with younger people
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and also older people,
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like this dinosaur is from Mexico. (Laughter)
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So Protei is now an international network
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of innovation for selling technology
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using this shape-shifting hull.
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And what puts us together is that we have a common,
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at least, global understanding
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of what the word "business" is, or what it should be.
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This is how most work today.
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Business as usual is saying, what's most important
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is to make lots of profit, and you'll be using
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technology for that, and people will be your work force,
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instrumentalized,
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and environment is usually the last priority.
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It will be just a way to, say, greenwash your audience
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and, say, increase your price tag.
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What we're trying to do, or what we believe,
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because this is how we believe the world really works,
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is that without the environment you have nothing.
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We have the people so we need to protect each other, yes,
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and we're a technology company,
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and profit is necessary to make this happen. (Applause)
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Thank you very much. (Applause)
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If we have the courage to understand or accept
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that this actually how the world really works,
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and this is the order of priority that we need to choose,
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then it makes obvious why we need
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to choose open hardware for developing environmental
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technology, because we need to share information.
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What's next for us?
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So, this small machine that you've seen,
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we're hoping to make small toys like
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one-meter remote control Protei that you can upgrade --
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so replace the remote control parts by Androids,
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so the mobile phone, and Arduino micro-controller,
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so you could be controlling this
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from your mobile phone, your tablet.
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Then what we want to do is create six-meter versions
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so we can test the maximum performance of these machines,
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so we can go at very, very high speed.
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So imagine yourself.
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You are laying down in a flexible torpedo,
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sailing at high speed,
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controlling the shape of the hull with your legs
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and controlling the sail with your arms.
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So that's what we're looking for developing. (Applause)
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And we replace the human being --
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to go, for example, for measuring radioactivity,
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you don't want a human to be sailing those robots --
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with batteries, motors, micro-controllers and sensors.
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This is what our teammates, we dream of at night.
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We hope that we can sometime clean up oil spills,
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or we can gather or collect plastic in the ocean,
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or we can have swarms of our machines
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controlled by multi-player video game engines
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to control many of these machines,
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to monitor coral reefs
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or to monitor fisheries.
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Our hope is that we can use open hardware technology
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to better understand and protect our oceans.
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Thank you very much. (Applause)
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(Applause)
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