What your breath could reveal about your health | Julian Burschka

98,366 views ใƒป 2019-02-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I have a tendency to assume the worst,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:15
and once in a while, this habit plays tricks on me.
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ื•ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืคืขื, ื”ืจื’ืœ ื–ื” ืžืชืขืชืข ื‘ื™
00:18
For example, if I feel unexpected pain in my body
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™
00:21
that I have not experienced before and that I cannot attribute,
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ืฉืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืฉื”ื•,
00:25
then all of a sudden, my mind might turn a tense back into heart disease
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ืื– ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ืžื™ื™ื ื“ ืฉืœื™ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžืชื— ื‘ื’ื‘ ืœืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘
00:30
or calf muscle pain into deep vein thrombosis.
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ืื• ื›ืื‘ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืœืคืงืงืช ื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื”.
00:33
But so far, I haven't been diagnosed with any deadly or incurable disease.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื” ืœื ืื•ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ืขื ืžื—ืœื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ืื• ื—ืฉื•ื›ืช ืžืจืคื.
00:37
Sometimes things just hurt for no clear reason.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”.
00:41
But not everyone is as lucky as me.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื™ ืžื–ืœ ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
00:43
Every year, more than 50 million people die worldwide.
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ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž50 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:48
Especially in high-income economies like ours,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉืœื ื•,
00:51
a large fraction of deaths is caused by slowly progressing diseases:
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ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžืงืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื ื’ืจืžื™ื ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืœืื˜:
00:56
heart disease, chronic lung disease, cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes,
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืกืจื˜ืŸ, ืืœืฆื”ื™ื™ืžืจ, ืกื•ื›ืจืช,
01:00
just to name a few.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ.
01:03
Now, humanity has made tremendous progress in diagnosing and treating many of these.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืขืฉืชื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ.
01:08
But we are at a stage where further advancement in health
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
01:12
cannot be achieved only by developing new treatments.
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:15
And this becomes evident when we look at one aspect
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“
01:17
that many of these diseases have in common:
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ืฉืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
01:21
the probability for successful treatment
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ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืฆืœื—
01:24
strongly depends on when treatment is started.
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ืžืื•ื“ ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
01:27
But a disease is typically only detected once symptoms occur.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืจืง ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื.
01:31
The problem here is that, in fact, many diseases can remain asymptomatic,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื, ืฉืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืœื ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื,
01:36
hence undetected, for a long period of time.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื•ืช, ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”.
01:39
Because of this, there is a persisting need for new ways
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
01:43
of detecting disease at early stage,
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ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
01:45
way before any symptoms occur.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื.
01:49
In health care, this is called screening.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืกืจื™ืงื”.
01:51
And as defined by the World Health Organization,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™,
01:54
screening is "the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease
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ืกืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื "ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช
02:00
in an apparently healthy person,
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ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื”,
02:02
by means of tests ... that can be applied rapidly and easily ..."
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ... ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ... "
02:07
That's a long definition, so let me repeat it:
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”:
02:10
identification of unrecognized disease
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช
02:13
in an apparently healthy person
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ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื”
02:16
by means of tests that can be applied both rapidly and easily.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
02:20
And I want to put special emphasis on the words "rapidly" and "easily"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ื“ื’ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช" ื• "ื‘ืงืœื•ืช"
02:23
because many of the existing screening methods
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ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกืจื™ืงื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
02:25
are exactly the opposite.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ืคืš.
02:28
And those of you who have undergone colonoscopy
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ื•ืืœื” ืžื›ื ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจื• ืงื•ืœื•ื ื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื”
02:30
as part of a screening program for colorectal cancer
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ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกืจื™ืงื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืžืขื™ ื”ื’ืก
02:34
will know what I mean.
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ื™ื“ืขื• ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ.
02:37
Obviously, there's a variety of medical tools available
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื
02:40
to perform screening tests.
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกืจื™ืงื”.
02:42
This ranges from imaging techniques such as radiography
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ื–ื” ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืจื“ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”
02:46
or magnetic resonance imaging
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ืื• ื”ื“ืžื™ื™ืช ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช
02:48
to the analysis of blood or tissue.
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ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื ืื• ืจืงืžื•ืช.
02:50
We have all had such tests.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืขื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
02:53
But there's one medium that for long has been overlooked:
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ืžืžื ื•:
02:57
a medium that is easily accessible,
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ืืžืฆืขื™ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช,
03:00
basically nondepletable,
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื“ืœื”,
03:02
and it holds tremendous promise for medical analysis.
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ื•ื ื•ืฉื ืขื™ืžื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™.
03:06
And that is our breath.
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ื•ื”ื•ื - ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•.
03:10
Human breath is essentially composed of five components:
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ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื:
03:14
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and argon.
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ื—ื ืงืŸ, ื—ืžืฆืŸ, ื“ื• ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ, ืžื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
03:21
But besides these five, there are hundreds of other components
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ืžืฉืช ืืœื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:24
that are present in very low quantity.
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“.
03:27
These are called volatile organic compounds,
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ืืœื” ื ืงืจืื™ื ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช,
03:29
and we release hundreds, even thousands of them
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจื™ื ืžืื•ืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœืคื™ื ืžื”ืŸ
03:32
every time we exhale.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืคื™ื.
03:35
The analysis of these volatile organic compounds in our breath
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ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•
03:38
is called breath analysis.
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ื ืงืจืืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
03:41
In fact, I believe that many of you have already experienced breath analysis.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ื• ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
03:45
Imagine: you're driving home late at night,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
03:48
when suddenly, there's a friendly police officer
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืคืชืื•ื, ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™
03:51
who asks you kindly but firmly
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ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ื‘ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืš ื‘ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช
03:54
to pull over and blow into a device like this one.
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชืงืŸ ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
03:59
This is an alcohol breath tester
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
04:02
that is used to measure the ethanol concentration in your breath
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ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืืชื ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื›ื
04:06
and determine whether driving in your condition is a clever idea.
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ื•ืงื•ื‘ืข ืื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื›ื ื”ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื.
04:10
Now, I'd say my driving was pretty good,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
04:12
but let me check.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง.
04:14
(Beep)
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(ืฆืคืฆื•ืฃ)
04:20
0.0, so nothing to worry about, all fine.
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0.0, ืื– ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ืื’ื”, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:26
Now imagine a device like this one,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืžื• ื–ื”,
04:28
that does not only measure alcohol levels in your breath,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืžื•ื“ื“ ืจืžื•ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื›ื,
04:31
but that detects diseases like the ones I've shown you
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ืืœื ืžื–ื”ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื
04:35
and potentially many more.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:38
The concept of correlating the smell of a person's breath
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ืจื™ื— ื ืฉื™ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื
04:42
with certain medical conditions,
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ืขื ืชื ืื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื,
04:44
in fact, dates back to Ancient Greece.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”.
04:47
But only recently, research efforts on breath analysis have skyrocketed,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืจืงื™ืขื• ืฉื—ืงื™ื,
04:52
and what once was a dream is now becoming reality.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ื›ืขืช ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
04:57
And let me pull up this list again that I showed you earlier.
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ื•ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืงื•ื“ื.
05:01
For the majority of diseases listed here,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ,
05:04
there's substantial scientific evidence
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ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช
05:06
suggesting that the disease could be detected by breath analysis.
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ืฉืžืจืžื–ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
05:11
But how does it work, exactly?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง?
05:14
The essential part is a sensor device
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ
05:17
that detects the volatile organic compounds in our breath.
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ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•.
05:21
Simply put: when exposed to a breath sample,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช: ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืœื“ื’ื™ืžืช ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
05:24
the sensor outputs a complex signature
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืคื™ืง ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
05:27
that results from the mixture of volatile organic compounds that we exhale.
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ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืคื™ื.
05:32
Now, this signature represents a fingerprint of your metabolism,
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ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื–ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ื–ื ืฉืœื›ื,
05:36
your microbiome
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ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื›ื
05:37
and the biochemical processes that occur in your body.
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ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื›ื.
05:41
If you have a disease,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื—ืœื”,
05:43
your organism will change,
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ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉืชื ื”,
05:45
and so will the composition of your exhaled breath.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ืฉื™ืžืชื›ื ื”ื ื ืฉืคืช.
05:49
And then the only thing that is left to do is to correlate a certain signature
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ื•ืื– ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืชืื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช
05:54
with the presence or absence of certain medical conditions.
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ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื.
05:59
The technology promises several undeniable benefits.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืง.
06:03
Firstly, the sensor can be miniaturized
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจ
06:06
and integrated into small, handheld devices
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ื•ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืชืงื ื™ ื›ืฃ ื™ื“ ืงื˜ื ื™ื
06:09
like this alcohol breath tester.
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื–ื”.
06:12
This would allow the test to be used in many different settings
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
06:15
and even at home,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
06:17
so that a visit at the doctor's office
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคื
06:19
is not needed each time a test shall be performed.
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ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
06:22
Secondly, breath analysis is noninvasive
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืกืคืง ืื™ื ื• ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™
06:26
and can be as simple as blowing into an alcohol breath tester.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›ืžื• ื ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื“ื“ ื›ืžื•ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
06:30
Such simplicity and ease of use would reduce patient burden
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ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื•ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื ื˜ืœ ืžื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ
06:35
and provide an incentive for broad adoption of the technology.
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ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
06:39
And thirdly, the technology is so flexible
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ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื”
06:44
that the same device could be used
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
06:46
to detect a broad range of medical conditions.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื.
06:50
Breath analysis could be used to screen for multiple diseases at the same time.
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœืกืจื™ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื–ืžื ื™ืช.
06:56
Nowadays, each disease typically requires a different medical tool
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืื—ืจ
06:59
to perform a screening test.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกืจื™ืงื”.
07:01
But this means you can only find what you're looking for.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืจืง ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื.
07:06
With all of these features, breath analysis is predestined
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ืขื ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืžืจืืฉ
07:10
to deliver what many traditional screening tests are lacking.
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ืœืกืคืง ืžื” ืฉื—ืกืจ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกืจื™ืงื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
07:14
And most importantly,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
07:16
all of these features should eventually provide us
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื•
07:19
with a platform for medical analysis
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ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืจืคื•ืื™
07:22
that can operate at attractively low cost per test.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
07:27
On the contrary, existing medical tools
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ืžื ื’ื“, ื›ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื
07:30
often lead to rather high cost per test.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืžื“ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
07:33
Then, in order to keep costs down,
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ื•ืื–, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช,
07:36
the number of tests needs to be restricted,
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ,
07:39
and this means (a) that the tests can only be performed
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ื•ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ (ื) ืฉืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข
07:42
on a narrow part of the population, for example, the high-risk population;
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ืจืง ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”;
07:47
and (b) that the number of tests per person needs to be kept at a minimum.
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ื•ื›ืŸ (ื‘) ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื.
07:53
But wouldn't it actually be beneficial
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ืืžืช
07:55
if the test was performed on a larger group of people,
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ืื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
07:58
and more often and over a longer period of time for each individual?
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ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืื“ื?
08:03
Especially the latter would give access to something very valuable
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืจื‘.
08:07
that is called longitudinal data.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื•ืจืš.
08:10
Longitudinal data is a data set that tracks the same patient
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืกื˜ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ
08:15
over the course of many months or years.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
08:19
Nowadays, medical decisions are often based on a limited data set,
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืขืœ ืกื˜ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ,
08:24
where only a glimpse of a patient's medical history
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ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ื”ืฆืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ
08:27
is available for decision-making.
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ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
08:30
In such a case,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื”,
08:32
abnormalities are typically detected
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ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช
08:35
by comparing a patient's health profile
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ
08:37
to the average health profile of a reference population.
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ืœืคืจื•ืคื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช.
08:42
Longitudinal data would open up a new dimension
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ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื•ืจืš ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืžื™ืžื“ ื—ื“ืฉ
08:46
and allow abnormalities to be detected
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ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช.
08:49
based on a patient's own medical history.
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขืฆืžื•.
08:52
This will pave the way for personalized treatment.
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ื–ื” ื™ืกืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื™ืฉื™.
08:56
Sounds pretty great, right?
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ื ืฉืžืข ื ื”ื“ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:59
Now you will certainly have a question that is something like,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืชืฉืืœื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”,
09:02
"If the technology is as great as he says, then why aren't we using it today?"
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"ืื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื” ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืœืžื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื•ื? "
09:07
And the only answer I can give you is:
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื, ื”ื™ื:
09:09
not everything is as easy as it sounds.
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ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ืงืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข.
09:12
There are technical challenges, for example.
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ื™ืฉ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ.
09:16
There's the need for extremely reliable sensors
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“
09:19
that can detect mixtures of volatile organic compounds
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช
09:22
with sufficient reproducibility.
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ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืงืช.
09:25
And another technical challenge is this:
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ื•ืขื•ื“ ืืชื’ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”:
09:28
How do you sample a person's breath in a very defined manner
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ืื™ืš ืืชื ื“ื•ื’ืžื™ื ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ
09:33
so that the sampling process itself
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ืขืฆืžื•
09:35
does not alter the result of the analysis?
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ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืชื•ืฆืืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”?
09:39
And there's the need for data.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
09:41
Breath analysis needs to be validated in clinical trials,
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืžืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื,
09:45
and enough data needs to be collected
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
09:48
so that individual conditions can be measured against baselines.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืชื ืื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก.
09:53
Breath analysis can only succeed
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ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—
09:55
if a large enough data set can be generated
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ืื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ.
09:58
and made available for broad use.
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ื•ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘.
10:03
If breath analysis holds up to its promises,
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ืื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื•,
10:06
this is a technology that could truly aid us
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ื–ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•
10:09
to transform our health care system --
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•-
10:12
transform it from a reactive system
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื™ืช
10:15
where treatment is triggered by symptoms of disease
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื”
10:18
to a proactive system,
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ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืคืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช,
10:20
where disease detection, diagnosis and treatment
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ืฉื‘ื” ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ
10:24
can happen at early stage,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
10:25
way before any symptoms occur.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื.
10:29
Now this brings me to my last point, and it's a fundamental one.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™, ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™.
10:33
What exactly is a disease?
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ืžื”ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื—ืœื”?
10:36
Imagine that breath analysis can be commercialized as I describe it,
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืกื—ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชืืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
10:40
and early detection becomes routine.
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืฉื’ืจื”.
10:44
A problem that remains is, in fact, a problem
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ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉื ื•ืชืจื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืขื™ื”
10:46
that any screening activity has to face
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ืฉื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืกืจื™ืงื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื”
10:49
because, for many diseases,
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ื›ื™, ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช,
10:51
it is often impossible to predict with sufficient certainty
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ืขื ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช
10:55
whether the disease would ever cause any symptoms
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ืื ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืชื’ืจื•ื ืื™ ืคืขื ืœืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื
10:58
or put a person's life at risk.
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ืื• ืชืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื.
11:00
This is called overdiagnosis,
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ-ื™ืชืจ,
11:03
and it leads to a dilemma.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื“ื™ืœืžื”.
11:05
If a disease is identified,
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ืื ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืžื—ืœื”,
11:08
you could decide not to treat it
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”
11:10
because there's a certain probability that you would never suffer from it.
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืกื‘ืœื• ืžืžื ื”.
11:14
But how much would you suffer
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ืชืกื‘ืœื•
11:16
just from knowing that you have a potentially deadly disease?
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื—ืœื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช?
11:19
And wouldn't you actually regret that the disease was detected
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ื•ื”ืื ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืชืฆื˜ืขืจื• ืฉื”ืžื—ืœื” ื–ื•ื”ืชื”
11:22
in the first place?
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ?
11:25
Your second option is to undergo early treatment
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ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื
11:29
with the hope for curing it.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืจืคื ืื•ืชื”
11:31
But often, this would not come without side effects.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœืœื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™.
11:37
To be precise:
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืง:
11:39
the bigger problem is not overdiagnosis,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจ,
11:42
it's overtreatment,
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ื”ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืชืจ,
11:43
because not every disease has to be treated immediately
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื˜ืคืœ ืžื™ื“
11:46
just because a treatment is available.
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ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
11:51
The increasing adoption of routine screening
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ื”ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช
11:54
will raise the question:
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ืชืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
11:57
What do we call a disease that can rationalize treatment,
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืžื—ืœื”? ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ,
12:01
and what is just an abnormality that should not be a source of concern?
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ื•ืžื”ื™ ืจืง ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ืื’ื”?
12:07
My hopes are that routine screening using breath analysis
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ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืฉื”ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื”
12:12
can provide enough data and insight
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืกืคืง ืžืกืคื™ืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
12:15
so that at some point, we'll be able to break this dilemma
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื”ื–ืืช
12:19
and predict with sufficient certainty
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ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช
12:22
whether and when to treat at early stage.
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ื”ืื, ื•ืžืชื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
12:26
Our breath and the mixture of volatile organic compounds that we exhale
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ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืฉืคื™ื
12:31
hold tremendous amounts of information on our physiological condition.
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ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
12:37
With what we know today, we have only scratched the surface.
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ืขื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื, ื’ื™ืจื“ื ื• ืจืง ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
12:41
As we collect more and more data and breath profiles across the population,
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืื•ืกืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืคืจื•ืคื™ืœื™ื ื ืฉื™ืžืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”,
12:46
including all varieties of gender, age, origin and lifestyle,
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ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ื’ื™ืœ, ื”ืžื•ืฆื ื•ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
12:50
the power of breath analysis should increase.
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ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
12:54
And eventually, breath analysis should provide us with a powerful tool
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืฉื™ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ ืจื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžื”
12:59
not only to proactively detect specific diseases
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ืœื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช
13:04
but to predict and ultimately prevent them.
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ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื•ืชืŸ.
13:09
And this should be enough motivation
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ื•ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืžืกืคืงืช
13:11
to embrace the opportunities and challenges
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ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื
13:15
that breath analysis can provide,
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ืฉื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกืคืง,
13:18
even for people that are not part-time hypochondriacs like me.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื”ื™ืคื•ื›ื•ื ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
13:22
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
13:23
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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