What your breath could reveal about your health | Julian Burschka

97,548 views ใƒป 2019-02-25

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: kabin kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I have a tendency to assume the worst,
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์ €๋Š” ์ตœ์•…์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
and once in a while, this habit plays tricks on me.
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๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ด ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋†€์ฃ .
00:18
For example, if I feel unexpected pain in my body
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋Š๊ผˆ์„ ๋•Œ
00:21
that I have not experienced before and that I cannot attribute,
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์ „์—” ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†๊ณ  ์›์ธ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:25
then all of a sudden, my mind might turn a tense back into heart disease
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ด ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๋งˆ๋น„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
or calf muscle pain into deep vein thrombosis.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ข…์•„๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์œกํ†ต์„ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ์ •๋งฅ ํ˜ˆ์ „์ฆ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
00:33
But so far, I haven't been diagnosed with any deadly or incurable disease.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚œ์น˜๋ณ‘ ์ง„๋‹จ์€ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณธ ์  ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
Sometimes things just hurt for no clear reason.
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๊ฐ€๋”์€ ์ด์œ  ์—†์ด ์ด๊ณณ ์ €๊ณณ์ด ์•„ํ”„๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:41
But not everyone is as lucky as me.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Every year, more than 50 million people die worldwide.
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๋งค๋…„, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 5์ฒœ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ฃฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
Especially in high-income economies like ours,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š”
00:51
a large fraction of deaths is caused by slowly progressing diseases:
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์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
heart disease, chronic lung disease, cancer, Alzheimer's, diabetes,
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์‹ฌ์žฅ ์งˆํ™˜, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ ์งˆํ™˜, ์•”, ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘
01:00
just to name a few.
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๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด์š”.
01:03
Now, humanity has made tremendous progress in diagnosing and treating many of these.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ด ๋ณ‘๋“ค ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜๋Š” ์พŒ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
But we are at a stage where further advancement in health
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
01:12
cannot be achieved only by developing new treatments.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
And this becomes evident when we look at one aspect
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์ด๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”
01:17
that many of these diseases have in common:
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์–‘์ƒ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
the probability for successful treatment
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์น˜๋ฃŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€
01:24
strongly depends on when treatment is started.
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ์ œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
But a disease is typically only detected once symptoms occur.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ํ›„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
The problem here is that, in fact, many diseases can remain asymptomatic,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ฆ์ƒ ์—†์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
01:36
hence undetected, for a long period of time.
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์ด ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:39
Because of this, there is a persisting need for new ways
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š”
01:43
of detecting disease at early stage,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
way before any symptoms occur.
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „์—์š”.
01:49
In health care, this is called screening.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(screening)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
And as defined by the World Health Organization,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
01:54
screening is "the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease
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์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋Š” "๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
02:00
in an apparently healthy person,
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์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„
02:02
by means of tests ... that can be applied rapidly and easily ..."
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ" ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:07
That's a long definition, so let me repeat it:
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์ฐธ ๊ธด ์ •์˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
identification of unrecognized disease
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ
02:13
in an apparently healthy person
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์ธ์‹ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„
02:16
by means of tests that can be applied both rapidly and easily.
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์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์šด ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ.
02:20
And I want to put special emphasis on the words "rapidly" and "easily"
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์ €๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ "์‹ ์†"๊ณผ "์‰ฌ์šด"์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
because many of the existing screening methods
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด
02:25
are exactly the opposite.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
And those of you who have undergone colonoscopy
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋Œ€์žฅ ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
02:30
as part of a screening program for colorectal cancer
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๋Œ€์žฅ ์•” ๊ฒ€์ง„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:34
will know what I mean.
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์ œ ๋ง ๋œป์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:37
Obviously, there's a variety of medical tools available
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ํ™•์‹คํžˆ, ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
02:40
to perform screening tests.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
This ranges from imaging techniques such as radiography
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ์ดฌ์˜์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ณต๋ช… ํ™”์ƒ๋ฒ•(MRI) ๊ฐ™์€
02:46
or magnetic resonance imaging
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์˜์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์œผ๋กœ
02:48
to the analysis of blood or tissue.
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด๋‚˜ ์กฐ์ง์„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:50
We have all had such tests.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ณธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
02:53
But there's one medium that for long has been overlooked:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
a medium that is easily accessible,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:00
basically nondepletable,
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๊ณ ๊ฐˆ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:02
and it holds tremendous promise for medical analysis.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์— ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:06
And that is our breath.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜ธํก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
Human breath is essentially composed of five components:
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜ธํก์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water and argon.
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์งˆ์†Œ, ์‚ฐ์†Œ, ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ, ๋ฌผ, ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
But besides these five, there are hundreds of other components
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๊ทธ์น˜๋งŒ ์ด ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด
03:24
that are present in very low quantity.
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๊ทน์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
These are called volatile organic compounds,
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ
03:29
and we release hundreds, even thousands of them
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธํกํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
every time we exhale.
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03:35
The analysis of these volatile organic compounds in our breath
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์ด ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ˜ธํก ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
is called breath analysis.
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03:41
In fact, I believe that many of you have already experienced breath analysis.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ํ˜ธํก ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด๋ณด์…จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
Imagine: you're driving home late at night,
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๋ฐค๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์šด์ „ํ•ด์„œ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:48
when suddenly, there's a friendly police officer
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๋ƒฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๊ด€ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด
03:51
who asks you kindly but firmly
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์นœ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จํ˜ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:54
to pull over and blow into a device like this one.
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์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šด ํ›„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ˆจ์„ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”์ฒญํ•˜์ฃ .
03:59
This is an alcohol breath tester
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์Œ์ฃผ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
that is used to measure the ethanol concentration in your breath
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์ด๊ฑด ํ˜ธํก์˜ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ ๋†๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ
04:06
and determine whether driving in your condition is a clever idea.
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์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ธ์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
Now, I'd say my driving was pretty good,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ์šด์ „์ด ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๊ดœ ์ฐฎ์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€๋ฐ์š”.
04:12
but let me check.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ฒดํฌํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:14
(Beep)
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(์‚)
04:20
0.0, so nothing to worry about, all fine.
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0.0. ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
04:23
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:26
Now imagine a device like this one,
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์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:28
that does not only measure alcohol levels in your breath,
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ํ˜ธํก์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์•Œ์ฝœ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹Œ
04:31
but that detects diseases like the ones I've shown you
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
04:35
and potentially many more.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ์š”.
04:38
The concept of correlating the smell of a person's breath
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ํ˜ธํก์˜ ๋ƒ„์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ์™€
04:42
with certain medical conditions,
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์—ฐ๊ด€์ง“๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€
04:44
in fact, dates back to Ancient Greece.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
But only recently, research efforts on breath analysis have skyrocketed,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—์•ผ ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
and what once was a dream is now becoming reality.
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๊ฟˆ์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
And let me pull up this list again that I showed you earlier.
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์•„๊นŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ ธ๋˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๊บผ๋‚ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”.
05:01
For the majority of diseases listed here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด
05:04
there's substantial scientific evidence
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ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š”
05:06
suggesting that the disease could be detected by breath analysis.
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์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
But how does it work, exactly?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์›๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
05:14
The essential part is a sensor device
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด ํ˜ธํก์˜
05:17
that detects the volatile organic compounds in our breath.
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ผ์„œ ์žฅ์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Simply put: when exposed to a breath sample,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด, ํ˜ธํก ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„ ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด
05:24
the sensor outputs a complex signature
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์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฑ‰๋Š” ์ˆจ์˜
05:27
that results from the mixture of volatile organic compounds that we exhale.
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ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฐ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Now, this signature represents a fingerprint of your metabolism,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํŠน์ง•์€ ์‹ ์ง„๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€,
05:36
your microbiome
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์‹ ์ฒด ๋‚ด ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ ์ƒํ™ฉ,
05:37
and the biochemical processes that occur in your body.
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๋ชธ ์†์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™”ํ•™ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
If you have a disease,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:43
your organism will change,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€”ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ
05:45
and so will the composition of your exhaled breath.
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ํ˜ธํก์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฌผ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
And then the only thing that is left to do is to correlate a certain signature
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด
05:54
with the presence or absence of certain medical conditions.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
05:59
The technology promises several undeniable benefits.
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์•ฝ์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Firstly, the sensor can be miniaturized
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์„ผ์„œ๋Š” ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
and integrated into small, handheld devices
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๋งˆ์น˜ ์Œ์ฃผ ์ธก์ •๊ธฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
06:09
like this alcohol breath tester.
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์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์žฅ์น˜์— ์ง‘์–ด๋„ฃ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
This would allow the test to be used in many different settings
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
and even at home,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง‘์—์„œ๋„์š”.
06:17
so that a visit at the doctor's office
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
06:19
is not needed each time a test shall be performed.
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๋ณ‘์›์— ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:22
Secondly, breath analysis is noninvasive
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋น„์™ธ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ
06:26
and can be as simple as blowing into an alcohol breath tester.
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์Œ์ฃผ ์ธก์ •์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆจ์„ ๋ถˆ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Such simplicity and ease of use would reduce patient burden
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•จ์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ง์„ ๋œ์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉฐ
06:35
and provide an incentive for broad adoption of the technology.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์ฑ„ํƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
And thirdly, the technology is so flexible
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์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์—ฐํ•ด์„œ
06:44
that the same device could be used
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๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜
06:46
to detect a broad range of medical conditions.
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์˜ํ•™์  ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
Breath analysis could be used to screen for multiple diseases at the same time.
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ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:56
Nowadays, each disease typically requires a different medical tool
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋งž๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€
06:59
to perform a screening test.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
But this means you can only find what you're looking for.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋งŒ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
07:06
With all of these features, breath analysis is predestined
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ, ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์€ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ
07:10
to deliver what many traditional screening tests are lacking.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋งํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
And most importantly,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€,
07:16
all of these features should eventually provide us
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํŠน์ง•๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ
07:19
with a platform for medical analysis
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๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ
07:22
that can operate at attractively low cost per test.
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์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
On the contrary, existing medical tools
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๊ทธ์™€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
07:30
often lead to rather high cost per test.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋†’์€ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
Then, in order to keep costs down,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
07:36
the number of tests needs to be restricted,
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๊ฒ€์ง„์˜ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
and this means (a) that the tests can only be performed
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ
07:42
on a narrow part of the population, for example, the high-risk population;
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ๋งŒ์š”.
07:47
and (b) that the number of tests per person needs to be kept at a minimum.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
But wouldn't it actually be beneficial
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:55
if the test was performed on a larger group of people,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:58
and more often and over a longer period of time for each individual?
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๋” ์ž์ฃผ, ๋” ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”.
08:03
Especially the latter would give access to something very valuable
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์‹œ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
08:07
that is called longitudinal data.
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๋†’์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:10
Longitudinal data is a data set that tracks the same patient
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๊ฒฝ์‹œ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ž€ ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
08:15
over the course of many months or years.
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์ถ”์ ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
Nowadays, medical decisions are often based on a limited data set,
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ํ˜„์žฌ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
where only a glimpse of a patient's medical history
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ๋งŒ ์‚ด์ง ์—ฟ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
08:27
is available for decision-making.
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์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
08:30
In such a case,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
08:32
abnormalities are typically detected
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๋ณดํ†ต ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ
08:35
by comparing a patient's health profile
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๊ธฐ์ค€์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒํƒœ์™€
08:37
to the average health profile of a reference population.
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๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
Longitudinal data would open up a new dimension
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๊ฒฝ์‹œ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฐจ์›์œผ๋กœ
08:46
and allow abnormalities to be detected
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์ด์ƒ ๊ฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™˜์ž ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ ฅ๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ 
08:49
based on a patient's own medical history.
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๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
This will pave the way for personalized treatment.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™˜์ž ๋งž์ถคํ˜• ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
Sounds pretty great, right?
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๊ฝค ์ข‹์•„๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
08:59
Now you will certainly have a question that is something like,
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ถ๊ธˆ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
"If the technology is as great as he says, then why aren't we using it today?"
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"๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์ง€?
09:07
And the only answer I can give you is:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ต์€ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
not everything is as easy as it sounds.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ง์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‰ฝ์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
There are technical challenges, for example.
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๋ช‡๋ช‡ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋„์ „์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
There's the need for extremely reliable sensors
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์žฌํ˜„์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„
09:19
that can detect mixtures of volatile organic compounds
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ํƒ์ง€ํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์งํ•œ ์„ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:22
with sufficient reproducibility.
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09:25
And another technical challenge is this:
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋„์ „์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
How do you sample a person's breath in a very defined manner
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜ธํก์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:33
so that the sampling process itself
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์ฆ‰ ํ‘œ๋ณธ ์ฑ„์ทจ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€
09:35
does not alter the result of the analysis?
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๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And there's the need for data.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
Breath analysis needs to be validated in clinical trials,
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ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž…์ฆ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
and enough data needs to be collected
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ชจ์•„์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
09:48
so that individual conditions can be measured against baselines.
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๊ธฐ์ค€์น˜์— ๋งž์ถ”์–ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:53
Breath analysis can only succeed
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ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์€ ์˜ค์ง
09:55
if a large enough data set can be generated
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
09:58
and made available for broad use.
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๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
If breath analysis holds up to its promises,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:06
this is a technology that could truly aid us
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
10:09
to transform our health care system --
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
transform it from a reactive system
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ํ›„ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š”
10:15
where treatment is triggered by symptoms of disease
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์ˆ˜๋™์  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ
10:18
to a proactive system,
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์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์ „,
10:20
where disease detection, diagnosis and treatment
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํƒ์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
10:24
can happen at early stage,
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์ง„๋‹จ๊ณผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”
10:25
way before any symptoms occur.
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๋Šฅ๋™์  ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
Now this brings me to my last point, and it's a fundamental one.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์š”์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
10:33
What exactly is a disease?
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋ž€ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:36
Imagine that breath analysis can be commercialized as I describe it,
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ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:40
and early detection becomes routine.
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์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์ƒ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
10:44
A problem that remains is, in fact, a problem
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๋ชจ๋“  ์„ ๋ณ„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€
10:46
that any screening activity has to face
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
because, for many diseases,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:51
it is often impossible to predict with sufficient certainty
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
whether the disease would ever cause any symptoms
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
10:58
or put a person's life at risk.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์œ„๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™•์‹  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
This is called overdiagnosis,
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์ด๊ฑธ ๊ณผ์ž‰ ์ง„๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:03
and it leads to a dilemma.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋น ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
If a disease is identified,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋ฉด
11:08
you could decide not to treat it
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:10
because there's a certain probability that you would never suffer from it.
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
But how much would you suffer
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด
11:16
just from knowing that you have a potentially deadly disease?
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์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒช์„ ๊ณ ํ†ต์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
11:19
And wouldn't you actually regret that the disease was detected
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„
11:22
in the first place?
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ํ›„ํšŒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:25
Your second option is to undergo early treatment
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ํฌ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
11:29
with the hope for curing it.
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์กฐ๊ธฐ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
But often, this would not come without side effects.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ๊ฐ€๋” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
To be precise:
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์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
11:39
the bigger problem is not overdiagnosis,
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๊ณผ์ž‰ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
11:42
it's overtreatment,
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๊ณผ์ž‰ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
because not every disease has to be treated immediately
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์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ๋งŽ์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘๋“ค์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
11:46
just because a treatment is available.
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์ฆ‰์‹œ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•ด์•ผํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
The increasing adoption of routine screening
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜๋ฉด
11:54
will raise the question:
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์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
What do we call a disease that can rationalize treatment,
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์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ ,
12:01
and what is just an abnormality that should not be a source of concern?
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๊ฑฑ์ •๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ชป๋˜๋Š” ์ด์ƒ์ฆ์„ธ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
12:07
My hopes are that routine screening using breath analysis
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์ €๋Š” ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋กœ
12:12
can provide enough data and insight
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ†ต์ฐฐ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
so that at some point, we'll be able to break this dilemma
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์„œ
12:19
and predict with sufficient certainty
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
12:22
whether and when to treat at early stage.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
Our breath and the mixture of volatile organic compounds that we exhale
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ˆจ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์„ฑ ์œ ๊ธฐ ํ™”ํ•ฉ ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์€
12:31
hold tremendous amounts of information on our physiological condition.
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์ƒ๋ฆฌ์  ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:37
With what we know today, we have only scratched the surface.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
As we collect more and more data and breath profiles across the population,
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์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋ น, ํ˜ˆํ†ต๊ณผ ์ƒํ™œ์Šต๊ด€ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ
12:46
including all varieties of gender, age, origin and lifestyle,
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ˜ธํก ํ”„๋กœํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์–ป์„์ˆ˜๋ก
12:50
the power of breath analysis should increase.
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ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
And eventually, breath analysis should provide us with a powerful tool
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŠน์ • ์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ํƒ์ง€ํ•  ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:59
not only to proactively detect specific diseases
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š”
13:04
but to predict and ultimately prevent them.
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
And this should be enough motivation
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ํ˜ธํก ๋ถ„์„์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:11
to embrace the opportunities and challenges
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€ ๋„์ „์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š”๋ฐ
13:15
that breath analysis can provide,
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
even for people that are not part-time hypochondriacs like me.
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์ €๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—ผ๋ ค์ฆ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:22
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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