Governments don't understand cyber warfare. We need hackers | Rodrigo Bijou

161,667 views ใƒป 2016-01-21

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Liblib Fib
00:12
In 2008, Burhan Hassan, age 17,
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ื‘- 2008, ื‘ื•ืจื—ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ, ื‘ืŸ 17,
00:16
boarded a flight from Minneapolis
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ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืกื” ืžืžื™ื ื™ืืคืœื•ื™ืก
00:18
to the Horn of Africa.
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ืืœ ืงืจืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
00:21
And while Burhan was the youngest recruit,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืจื—ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื™ืก ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:23
he was not alone.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื“.
00:25
Al-Shabaab managed to recruit over two dozen young men
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ืืœ ืฉื‘ืื‘ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืขืœ ืœ- 24 ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
00:28
in their late teens and early 20s
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช,
00:31
with a heavy presence on social media platforms like Facebook.
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ื•ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง.
00:35
With the Internet and other technologies,
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ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
00:37
they've changed our everyday lives,
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ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื,
00:39
but they've also changed recruitment, radicalization
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ื’ื ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก, ื”ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”
00:43
and the front lines of conflict today.
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ื•ื”ืงื•ื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
00:47
What about the links connecting Twitter,
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ืžื” ืขื ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ,
00:50
Google and protesters fighting for democracy?
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ื’ื•ื’ืœ ื•ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”?
00:54
These numbers represent Google's public DNS servers,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ืฉืจืชื™ ื” DNS ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
00:58
effectively the only digital border crossing
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ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืฆื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื
01:00
protesters had and could use
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœืžื•ื—ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื
01:02
to communicate with each other, to reach the outside world
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ืœื
01:05
and to spread viral awareness
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ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืœื™ืช
01:07
of what was happening in their own country.
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ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
01:10
Today, conflict is essentially borderless.
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืกืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
01:13
If there are bounds to conflict today,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื,
01:16
they're bound by digital, not physical geography.
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ื”ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืœื ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
01:20
And under all this is a vacuum of power
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ื•ืชื—ืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื•ืืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—
01:23
where non-state actors, individuals and private organizations
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ืฉื ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืœื ืžื“ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื
01:27
have the advantage over slow, outdated military and intelligence agencies.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืฆื‘ื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
01:33
And this is because, in the digital age of conflict,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ, ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
01:36
there exists a feedback loop
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ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืœืืช ืžืฉื•ื‘
01:38
where new technologies, platforms like the ones I mentioned,
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ื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™,
01:41
and more disruptive ones,
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ื•ื›ืืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื,
01:42
can be adapted, learned, and deployed by individuals and organizations
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช, ืœื”ืœืžื“, ื•ืœื”ืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
01:47
faster than governments can react.
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ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘.
01:51
To understand the pace of our own government thinking on this,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”,
01:55
I like to turn to something aptly named
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ืœื
01:57
the Worldwide Threat Assessment,
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ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
02:01
where every year the Director of National Intelligence in the US
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ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช
02:04
looks at the global threat landscape,
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ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืคืช ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
02:07
and he says, "These are the threats, these are the details,
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ื•ืื•ืžืจ, "ืืœื” ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื, ืืœื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื,
02:10
and this is how we rank them."
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื."
02:13
In 2007, there was absolutely no mention of cyber security.
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ื‘ 2007, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ.
02:16
It took until 2011, when it came at the end,
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืขื“ 2011, ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
02:20
where other things, like West African drug trafficking, took precedence.
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ืฉื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืกื—ืจ ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ ื‘ืกืžื™ื ืœืงื— ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช.
02:24
In 2012, it crept up, still behind things like terrorism and proliferation.
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ื‘ 2012, ื–ื” ื”ื–ื“ื—ืœ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ื–ื ื•ื—ืœื—ื•ืœ.
02:29
In 2013, it became the top threat,
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ื‘ 2013, ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืื™ื•ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
02:31
in 2014 and for the foreseeable future.
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ื‘ 2014 ื•ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืŸ.
02:36
What things like that show us
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ืžื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ืžืจืื™ื ืœื ื•
02:37
is that there is a fundamental inability today
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื
02:40
on the part of governments to adapt and learn in digital conflict,
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ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
02:46
where conflict can be immaterial, borderless, often wholly untraceable.
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ืฉื ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื, ื—ืกืจื™ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžืขืงื‘.
02:51
And conflict isn't just online to offline, as we see with terrorist radicalization,
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ื•ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืจืฉืช ืื• ืœื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
02:56
but it goes the other way as well.
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ืืœื ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื’ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:59
We all know the horrible events that unfolded in Paris this year
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจื•ืขื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืคืจื™ื– ื”ืฉื ื”
03:03
with the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks.
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ืขื ื”ืชืงืคืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆ'ืืจืœื™ ื”ืื‘ื“ื•.
03:05
What an individual hacker or a small group of anonymous individuals did
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืืงืจ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•
03:09
was enter those social media conversations that so many of us took part in.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ืŸ,
03:14
#JeSuisCharlie.
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#JeSuisCharlie.
03:16
On Facebook, on Twitter, on Google,
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ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ, ื‘ื’ื•ื’ืœ,
03:18
all sorts of places where millions of people, myself included,
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ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื ื™,
03:22
were talking about the events
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืืจื•ืขื™ื
03:23
and saw images like this,
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ื•ืจืื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•,
03:25
the emotional, poignant image of a baby with "Je suis Charlie" on its wrist.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ืช, ื”ืขื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืขื "Je suis Charlie" ืขืœ ืคืจืง ื”ื™ื“.
03:30
And this turned into a weapon.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœื ืฉืง.
03:32
What the hackers did was weaponize this image,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœื ืฉืง,
03:34
where unsuspecting victims,
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ื‘ื” ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื“ื™ื,
03:36
like all of us in those conversations,
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ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
03:38
saw this image, downloaded it
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ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื”ื•ืจื™ื“ื• ืื•ืชื”
03:41
but it was embedded with malware.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ื’ื•ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ื’ืœื”.
03:43
And so when you downloaded this image,
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืฉื”ื•ืจื“ืชื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
03:45
it hacked your system.
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ื”ื™ื ืคืจืฆื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
03:47
It took six days to deploy a global malware campaign.
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ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืก ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื’ืœื” ืขื•ืœืžื™.
03:52
The divide between physical and digital domains today
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ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
03:55
ceases to exist,
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ื—ื“ืœื” ืžืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื,
03:56
where we have offline attacks like those in Paris
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ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืœื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื–
03:59
appropriated for online hacks.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื.
04:03
And it goes the other way as well, with recruitment.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื’ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืขื ื’ื™ื•ืก.
04:05
We see online radicalization of teens,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื”,
04:08
who can then be deployed globally for offline terrorist attacks.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื– ืœื”ืคืจืฉ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
04:13
With all of this, we see that there's a new 21st century battle brewing,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืื” ื” 21 ืฉืžืชื‘ืฉืœ,
04:18
and governments don't necessarily take a part.
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ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ื—ืœืง.
04:21
So in another case, Anonymous vs. Los Zetas.
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื—ืจ, ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ื ื’ื“ ืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก.
04:26
In early September 2011 in Mexico,
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ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•,
04:29
Los Zetas, one of the most powerful drug cartels,
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ืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก, ืื—ื“ ืžืงืจื˜ืœื™ ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:32
hung two bloggers with a sign that said,
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ืชืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืฉืœื˜ ืฉืืžืจ,
04:34
"This is what will happen to all Internet busybodies."
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"ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” ืœื›ืœ ืงืฉืงืฉื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜."
04:39
A week later, they beheaded a young girl.
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ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ืขืจืคื• ืืช ืจืืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ืขืจื” ืฆืขื™ืจื”.
04:41
They severed her head, put it on top of her computer
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ื”ื ื›ืจืชื• ืืช ืจืืฉื”, ืฉืžื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื”
04:44
with a similar note.
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ืขื ืคืชืง ื“ื•ืžื”.
04:45
And taking the digital counteroffensive
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ื•ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงืคืช ื”ื ื’ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช
04:48
because governments couldn't even understand what was going on or act,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
04:51
Anonymous, a group we might not associate as the most positive force in the world,
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ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:55
took action,
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ืคืขืœื•,
04:56
not in cyber attacks, but threatening information to be free.
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ืœื ื‘ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ืืœื ื‘ืื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข.
05:01
On social media, they said,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ื”ื ืืžืจื•,
05:03
"We will release information
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉื—ืจืจ ืžื™ื“ืข
05:05
that ties prosecutors and governors to corrupt drug deals with the cartel."
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ืฉืงื•ืฉืจ ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœืขืกืงืื•ืช ืกืžื™ื ืžื•ืฉื—ืชื•ืช ืขื ื”ืงืจื˜ืœ."
05:10
And escalating that conflict,
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ื•ืœื”ื—ืจืคืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
05:13
Los Zetas said, "We will kill 10 people for every bit of information you release."
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ืœื•ืก ื–ื˜ืืก ืืžืจื•, "ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ืจื•ื’ 10 ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ื“ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืชืฉื—ืจืจื•."
05:19
And so it ended there because it would become too gruesome to continue.
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ื’ืžืจ ืฉื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื“ื•ื—ื” ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš.
05:25
But what was powerful about this
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื”
05:28
was that anonymous individuals,
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
05:31
not federal policia, not military, not politicians,
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ืœื ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช, ืœื ื”ืฆื‘ื, ืœื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื,
05:34
could strike fear deep into the heart
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ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืคื—ื“ ืขืžื•ืง ืœืœื‘
05:39
of one of the most powerful, violent organizations in the world.
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:44
And so we live in an era
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ
05:46
that lacks the clarity of the past in conflict,
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ืฉื—ืกืจื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜,
05:50
in who we're fighting, in the motivations behind attacks,
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ื‘ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื, ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช,
05:53
in the tools and techniques used,
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ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ,
05:55
and how quickly they evolve.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื”ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื.
05:58
And the question still remains:
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ื•ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืจืช:
06:00
what can individuals, organizations and governments do?
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ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
06:05
For answers to these questions, it starts with individuals,
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ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
06:08
and I think peer-to-peer security is the answer.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืขืžื™ืช ืœืขืžื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
06:12
Those people in relationships that bought over teens online,
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ืขืฉืจื” ืœืจืฉืช,
06:16
we can do that with peer-to-peer security.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืขื ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืขืžื™ืช ืœืขืžื™ืช.
06:18
Individuals have more power than ever before
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื— ืžืื™ ืคืขื
06:21
to affect national and international security.
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ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™.
06:25
And we can create those positive peer-to-peer relationships
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืช ืœืขืžื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:28
on and offline,
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ื‘ืจืฉืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”,
06:30
we can support and educate the next generation of hackers, like myself,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื•ืœื—ื ืš ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื™,
06:35
instead of saying, "You can either be a criminal or join the NSA."
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœ NSA."
06:39
That matters today.
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
06:41
And it's not just individuals -- it's organizations, corporations even.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื -- ื–ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
06:47
They have an advantage to act across more borders,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
06:49
more effectively and more rapidly than governments can,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช,
06:53
and there's a set of real incentives there.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืคื”.
06:57
It's profitable and valuable
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ื–ื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš
06:59
to be seen as trustworthy in the digital age,
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
07:02
and will only be more so in future generations to come.
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ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื.
07:06
But we still can't ignore government,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
07:08
because that's who we turn to for collective action
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืœื™ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
07:11
to keep us safe and secure.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
07:16
But we see where that's gotten us so far,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
07:19
where there's an inability to adapt and learn in digital conflict,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
07:22
where at the highest levels of leadership,
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ื’ื”,
07:25
the Director of the CIA, Secretary of Defense,
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ืจืืฉ ื” CIA, ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื’ื ื”,
07:28
they say, "Cyber Pearl Harbor will happen." "Cyber 9/11 is imminent."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืคืจืœ ื”ืืจื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ." "ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ 9/11 ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ื ื”."
07:35
But this only makes us more fearful, not more secure.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
07:39
By banning encryption in favor of mass surveillance and mass hacking,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื ื” ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™,
07:42
sure, GCHQ and the NSA can spy on you.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ, GCHQ ื•ื” NSA ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื’ืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื.
07:46
But that doesn't mean that they're the only ones that can.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
07:49
Capabilities are cheap, even free.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื–ื•ืœื•ืช, ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช.
07:51
Technical ability is rising around the world,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:54
and individuals and small groups have the advantage.
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ื•ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ.
07:59
So today it might just be the NSA and GCHQ,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืœื™ ืจืง ื” NSA ื•ื” GCHQ,
08:02
but who's to say that the Chinese can't find that backdoor?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืกื™ื ื™ื ืœื ื™ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืคืจืฆื”?
08:06
Or in another generation, some kid in his basement in Estonia?
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ืื• ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืžืจืชืฃ ื‘ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”?
08:10
And so I would say that it's not what governments can do,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
08:15
it's that they can't.
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื.
08:17
Governments today need to give up power and control
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ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
08:22
in order to help make us more secure.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื.
08:25
Giving up mass surveillance and hacking and instead fixing those backdoors
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ื•ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
08:29
means that, yeah, they can't spy on us,
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ืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจื’ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื•,
08:32
but neither can the Chinese
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื
08:33
or that hacker in Estonia a generation from now.
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ืื• ื”ื”ืืงืจ ื”ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื“ื•ืจ.
08:37
And government support for technologies like Tor and Bitcoin
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ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืชื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ื˜ืงื•ื™ื™ืŸ
08:40
mean giving up control,
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ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
08:42
but it means that developers, translators, anybody with an Internet connection,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืคืชื—ื™ื, ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
08:46
in countries like Cuba, Iran and China, can sell their skills, their products,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงื•ื‘ื”, ืื™ืจืŸ ื•ืกื™ืŸ, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
08:50
in the global marketplace,
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ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™,
08:52
but more importantly sell their ideas,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
08:54
show us what's happening in their own countries.
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
08:58
And so it should be not fearful,
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
09:00
it should be inspiring to the same governments
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื•ืชืŸ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
09:02
that fought for civil rights, free speech and democracy
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ืฉื ืœื—ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”
09:05
in the great wars of the last century,
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช,
09:07
that today, for the first time in human history,
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ืฉื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
09:10
we have a technical opportunity
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช
09:13
to make billions of people safer around the world
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:15
that we've never had before in human history.
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ืžืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
09:18
It should be inspiring.
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ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ื”ืฉืจืื”.
09:21
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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