Governments don't understand cyber warfare. We need hackers | Rodrigo Bijou

160,626 views ・ 2016-01-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jihyeon J. Kim κ²€ν† : Ju Hye Lim
00:12
In 2008, Burhan Hassan, age 17,
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2008년에 17μ‚΄μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ λΆ€λ₯΄ν•œ 핫산은
00:16
boarded a flight from Minneapolis
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λ―Έλ‹ˆμ• ν΄λ¦¬μŠ€μ—μ„œ 아프리카 λΆλ™λΆ€λ‘œ κ°€λŠ” λΉ„ν–‰κΈ°λ₯Ό νƒ”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
to the Horn of Africa.
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00:21
And while Burhan was the youngest recruit,
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λΆ€λ₯΄ν•œμ€ κ°€μž₯ μ–΄λ¦° λŒ€μ›μ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:23
he was not alone.
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ν˜Όμžκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Al-Shabaab managed to recruit over two dozen young men
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μ•Œμƒ€λ°”λΈŒ 쑰직은 νŽ˜μ΄μŠ€λΆκ°™μ€ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄μ—μ„œ 쑴재감이 κ°•ν•œ
00:28
in their late teens and early 20s
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20λŒ€ 초반과 10λŒ€ ν›„λ°˜μ˜
00:31
with a heavy presence on social media platforms like Facebook.
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24λͺ…이 λ„˜λŠ” μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
With the Internet and other technologies,
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인터넷과 κ·Έ λ°–μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ κΈ°μˆ λ“€μ€
00:37
they've changed our everyday lives,
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우리의 μΌμƒμƒν™œμ„ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄ λ†“μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
00:39
but they've also changed recruitment, radicalization
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ°ˆλ“±μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ λŒ€μ› λͺ¨μ§‘κ³Ό, 급진화 방식과
00:43
and the front lines of conflict today.
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μ΅œμ „λ°©μ„ λ°”κΎΈμ–΄λ†“μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
What about the links connecting Twitter,
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νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ™€ ꡬ글과
00:50
Google and protesters fighting for democracy?
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민주주의λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‹Έμš°λŠ” μ‹œμœ„λŒ€λ₯Ό μ΄μ–΄μ£ΌλŠ” μ—°κ²°κ³ λ¦¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
00:54
These numbers represent Google's public DNS servers,
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이 μˆ«μžλŠ” κ΅¬κΈ€μ˜ 곡개 DNS μ„œλ²„λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
effectively the only digital border crossing
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μ‹œμœ„λŒ€κ°€ μ„œλ‘œμ™€ μ†Œν†΅ν•˜κ³  μ™ΈλΆ€ 세상과 μ ‘μ΄‰ν•˜μ—¬
01:00
protesters had and could use
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인식을 널리 νΌλœ¨λ¦¬λŠ” 데
01:02
to communicate with each other, to reach the outside world
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μΌν•˜κ²Œ μ“Έ 수 있고
01:05
and to spread viral awareness
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가지고 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜
01:07
of what was happening in their own country.
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디지털 κ΅μ°¨μ μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
01:10
Today, conflict is essentially borderless.
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ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ κ°ˆλ“±μ—λŠ” ꡭ경이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
If there are bounds to conflict today,
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λ§Œμ•½ ν˜„λŒ€μ˜ κ°ˆλ“±μ— 경계가 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:16
they're bound by digital, not physical geography.
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물리적인 지리적 경계가 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ””μ§€ν„Έλ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
And under all this is a vacuum of power
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κ·Έ λ°‘μ—λŠ” ꢌλ ₯의 곡백이 μƒκΈ°λŠ”λ°
01:23
where non-state actors, individuals and private organizations
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느리고 μ‹œλŒ€μ— 뒀떨어진 정보ꡭ과 ꡰ사기관보닀 μš°μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ”
01:27
have the advantage over slow, outdated military and intelligence agencies.
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λΉ„μ •λΆ€ ν™œλ™μ„Έλ ₯κ³Ό 개인, 그리고 사적인 쑰직이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
And this is because, in the digital age of conflict,
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μ΄λŠ” 디지털 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ κ°ˆλ“±μ—λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기술과
01:36
there exists a feedback loop
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μ œκ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ ν”Œλž«νΌλ“€κ³Ό
01:38
where new technologies, platforms like the ones I mentioned,
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그것보닀 더 파괴적인 것듀이 μ •λΆ€κ°€ λŒ€μ‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 속도보닀
01:41
and more disruptive ones,
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더 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 개인과 쑰직에 μ˜ν•΄
01:42
can be adapted, learned, and deployed by individuals and organizations
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개쑰되고, ν•™μŠ΅λ˜κ³ , 효율적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆλŠ”
01:47
faster than governments can react.
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ν”Όλ“œλ°± 루프가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
To understand the pace of our own government thinking on this,
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이것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ‚¬κ³ ν•˜λŠ” 속도λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:55
I like to turn to something aptly named
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λ”± λ§žλŠ” 이름을 가진
01:57
the Worldwide Threat Assessment,
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μ„Έκ³„μœ„ν˜‘ν‰κ°€λ₯Ό 보렀고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
where every year the Director of National Intelligence in the US
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미ꡭ의 ꡭ가정보ꡭ(NIS)μž₯이 맀년
02:04
looks at the global threat landscape,
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전세계에 μžˆλŠ” μœ„ν˜‘μ„ μ‘°λ§ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:07
and he says, "These are the threats, these are the details,
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"이건 μœ„ν˜‘μ΄ 되고, 이건 지엽적이고 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό 맀길거야."
02:10
and this is how we rank them."
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라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 일이죠.
02:13
In 2007, there was absolutely no mention of cyber security.
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2007λ…„μ—λŠ” 사이버 μ•ˆλ³΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 언급이 μ „ν˜€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
It took until 2011, when it came at the end,
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2011년이 λ˜μ„œμ•Ό 끝뢀뢄에 μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:20
where other things, like West African drug trafficking, took precedence.
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μ„œμ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄ λ§ˆμ•½ 밀맀같은 λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ μš°μ„ μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
In 2012, it crept up, still behind things like terrorism and proliferation.
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2012λ…„μ—λŠ” μˆœμœ„κ°€ μ˜¬λΌκ°”μ§€λ§Œ ν…ŒλŸ¬μ™€ ν•΅ν™•μ‚°λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 뒀에 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
In 2013, it became the top threat,
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2013λ…„μ—λŠ” 2014λ…„κ³Ό
02:31
in 2014 and for the foreseeable future.
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멀지 μ•Šμ€ 미래의 κ°€μž₯ 큰 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
What things like that show us
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이 같은 것듀이 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” 것은
02:37
is that there is a fundamental inability today
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κ°ˆλ“±μ— ν˜•μ²΄κ°€ μ—†κ³ , 경계도 μ—†κ³  좔적할 μˆ˜λ„ μ—†λŠ”
02:40
on the part of governments to adapt and learn in digital conflict,
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디지털 κ°ˆλ“±μ— μ μ‘ν•˜κ³  κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•™μŠ΅ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ” μ •λΆ€κ°€
02:46
where conflict can be immaterial, borderless, often wholly untraceable.
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근본적으둜 이것을 ν•  λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:51
And conflict isn't just online to offline, as we see with terrorist radicalization,
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κ°ˆλ“±μ€ ν…ŒλŸ¬λ²”μ΄ κΈ‰μ§„ν™”λ˜λ“― μ˜¨λΌμΈμ—μ„œ μ˜€ν”„λΌμΈμœΌλ‘œλ§Œ κ°€λŠ” 것이
02:56
but it goes the other way as well.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ—­μœΌλ‘œλ„ μΌμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
We all know the horrible events that unfolded in Paris this year
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λ‹€λ“€ μ˜¬ν•΄ νŒŒλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ λ”μ°ν•œ 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
with the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks.
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샀λ₯Όλ¦¬ μ—λΈŒλ„μ˜ ν…ŒλŸ¬ 곡격에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
03:05
What an individual hacker or a small group of anonymous individuals did
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해컀 κ°œκ°œμΈμ΄λ‚˜ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 쑰직의 읡λͺ…μ˜ κ°œμΈλ“€μ€
03:09
was enter those social media conversations that so many of us took part in.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ μ†Œμ…œ λ―Έλ””μ–΄μƒμ˜ λŒ€ν™”μ— λ“€μ–΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
#JeSuisCharlie.
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#λ‚˜λŠ” 샀λ₯Όλ¦¬λ‹€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
On Facebook, on Twitter, on Google,
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페이슀뢁, νŠΈμœ„ν„°, ꡬ글과
03:18
all sorts of places where millions of people, myself included,
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μ˜¨κ°– μž₯μ†Œμ—μ„œ μ €λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 수백만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:22
were talking about the events
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이 사건에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:23
and saw images like this,
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감성을 μžκ·Ήν•˜λŠ”, κ°€μŠ΄μ €λ―ΈλŠ”
03:25
the emotional, poignant image of a baby with "Je suis Charlie" on its wrist.
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"λ‚˜λŠ” 샀λ₯Όλ¦¬λ‹€"κ°€ 손λͺ©μ— 쓰여진 μ•„κΈ°μ˜ 사진을 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
And this turned into a weapon.
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이 사진은 무기가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
What the hackers did was weaponize this image,
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해컀듀은 이 사진을 무기둜 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆκ³ 
03:34
where unsuspecting victims,
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이 λŒ€ν™” 속에 μžˆλŠ” μš°λ¦¬μ™€ 같이
03:36
like all of us in those conversations,
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μˆœμ§„ν•œ ν”Όν•΄μžλ“€μ€
03:38
saw this image, downloaded it
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μ•…μ„±μ½”λ“œκ°€ λ“€μ–΄μžˆλŠ” 이 사진을
03:41
but it was embedded with malware.
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λ³΄κ³ λŠ” λ‹€μš΄λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
And so when you downloaded this image,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이 사진을 λ‹€μš΄λ°›μœΌλ©΄
03:45
it hacked your system.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ΄ ν•΄ν‚Ήλ‹Ήν–ˆμ£ .
03:47
It took six days to deploy a global malware campaign.
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세계적인 μ•…μ„±μ½”λ“œ μΊ νŽ˜μΈμ„ ν™•μ‚°μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 데 6일이 κ±Έλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:52
The divide between physical and digital domains today
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  물리적 μ˜μ—­κ³Ό 디지털 μ˜μ—­μ˜ κ²½κ³„λŠ”
03:55
ceases to exist,
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더 이상 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
where we have offline attacks like those in Paris
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μ˜€ν”„λΌμΈμ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚œ 파리 ν…ŒλŸ¬κ°€
03:59
appropriated for online hacks.
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온라인 μƒμ˜ 곡격에 μ΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
And it goes the other way as well, with recruitment.
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κ·Έ λ°˜λŒ€κ°€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λŒ€μ› λͺ¨μ§‘μ—μ„œμš”.
04:05
We see online radicalization of teens,
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μ‹­λŒ€λ“€μ€ 온라인 μƒμ—μ„œ κΈ‰μ§„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν™”λ˜μ–΄
04:08
who can then be deployed globally for offline terrorist attacks.
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μ˜€ν”„λΌμΈμ˜ ν…ŒλŸ¬ 곡격에 μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μš©λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
With all of this, we see that there's a new 21st century battle brewing,
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이 λͺ¨λ“  κ²ƒμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 21세기에 μƒˆ μ „μŸμ΄ νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” κ±Έ λ³Ό 수 있죠.
04:18
and governments don't necessarily take a part.
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ”±νžˆ λ§‘λŠ” 역할이 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:21
So in another case, Anonymous vs. Los Zetas.
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λ‘€λ‘œλŠ” μ–΄λ‚˜λ‹ˆλ¨ΈμŠ€μ™€ λ‘œμŠ€μ„Ένƒ€μŠ€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
In early September 2011 in Mexico,
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2011년도 μ΄ˆλ°˜μ— λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ—μ„œ
04:29
Los Zetas, one of the most powerful drug cartels,
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κ°€μž₯ νž˜μžˆλŠ” λ§ˆμ•½ μΉ΄λ₯΄ν…” 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ λ‘œμŠ€μ„Ένƒ€μŠ€(Los Zetas)κ°€
04:32
hung two bloggers with a sign that said,
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λΈ”λ‘œκ±° 두 λͺ…을 이런 κΈ€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μ°Έμˆ˜μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
"This is what will happen to all Internet busybodies."
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"이게 μΈν„°λ„·μ—μ„œ μ°Έκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 일이닀."
04:39
A week later, they beheaded a young girl.
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일주일 ν›„μ—λŠ” μ–΄λ¦° μ†Œλ…€λ„ μ°Έμˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
They severed her head, put it on top of her computer
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머리λ₯Ό 자λ₯Έ ν›„ κ·Έ μ†Œλ…€μ˜ 컴퓨터 μœ„μ— μ˜¬λ €λ†“κ³ 
04:44
with a similar note.
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 글을 λ‚¨κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
And taking the digital counteroffensive
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ‚˜
04:48
because governments couldn't even understand what was going on or act,
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무엇을 ν•΄μ•Όν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ³  μžˆμ—ˆκΈ°μ— 이에 λŒ€ν•œ 디지털 μ—­κ³΅μœΌλ‘œ
04:51
Anonymous, a group we might not associate as the most positive force in the world,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ„ ν•œ ꢌλ ₯λ‹¨μ²΄λ‘œ 보진 μ•ŠλŠ” μ–΄λ‚˜λ‹ˆλ¨ΈμŠ€κ°€
04:55
took action,
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행동에 λ‚˜μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
not in cyber attacks, but threatening information to be free.
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사이버 κ³΅κ²©λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” μ •λ³΄μ˜ 자유λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ μœ„ν˜‘μ„ κ°€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:01
On social media, they said,
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μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄μƒμ—μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμ£ .
05:03
"We will release information
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"μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΉ΄λ₯΄ν…”κ³Ό λΆ€μ •ν•˜κ²Œ
05:05
that ties prosecutors and governors to corrupt drug deals with the cartel."
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λ§ˆμ•½μ— κ΄€ν•œ 거래λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 검사와 μž₯관듀에 κ΄€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό κ³΅κ°œν•  것이닀."
05:10
And escalating that conflict,
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λ‘œμŠ€μ„Ένƒ€μŠ€λŠ” κ°ˆλ“±μ„ μ‹¬ν™”μ‹œν‚€λ©΄μ„œ
05:13
Los Zetas said, "We will kill 10 people for every bit of information you release."
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. "λ„ˆν¬κ°€ κ³΅κ°œν•˜λŠ” μ •λ³΄λ§ˆλ‹€ 10λͺ…μ”© 죽일것이닀."
05:19
And so it ended there because it would become too gruesome to continue.
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κ³„μ†ν•˜λ©΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ μž”μΈν•΄μ§ˆ 것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 싸움은 μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λλ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
But what was powerful about this
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 싸움이 κ°•λ ¬ν–ˆλ˜ μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:28
was that anonymous individuals,
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연방경찰도, κ΅°λŒ€λ„,
05:31
not federal policia, not military, not politicians,
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μ •μΉ˜μΈλ„ μ•„λ‹Œ μ–΄λ‚˜λ‹ˆλ¨ΈμŠ€μ— μ†ν•œ κ°œμΈλ“€μ΄
05:34
could strike fear deep into the heart
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μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 힘있고 폭λ ₯적인 쑰직 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μΈ
05:39
of one of the most powerful, violent organizations in the world.
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λ‘œμŠ€μ„Ένƒ€μŠ€μ˜ κΉŠμ€ 곳에 두렀움을 λΆˆλŸ¬μΌμœΌν‚¬ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:44
And so we live in an era
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 과거에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ κ°ˆλ“±μ—λŠ” 있던,
05:46
that lacks the clarity of the past in conflict,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λˆ„κ΅¬μ™€ μ‹Έμš°κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€, 곡격의 동기가 무엇인지와
05:50
in who we're fighting, in the motivations behind attacks,
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μ‚¬μš©λœ λ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 기술, 그듀이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ§„ν™”ν•˜λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•œ
05:53
in the tools and techniques used,
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λͺ…확함이 훨씬 쀄어든 μ‹œλŒ€λ₯Ό
05:55
and how quickly they evolve.
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μ‚΄μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
And the question still remains:
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개인과, 쑰직과 μ •λΆ€λŠ”
06:00
what can individuals, organizations and governments do?
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무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ€ 아직 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
For answers to these questions, it starts with individuals,
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이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ 닡은 κ°œμΈμ—μ„œ μΆœλ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:08
and I think peer-to-peer security is the answer.
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μ œκ°€ 보기엔 개인 λŒ€ 개인(P2P) λ³΄μ•ˆμ΄ 닡인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:12
Those people in relationships that bought over teens online,
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μ‹­λŒ€λ₯Ό 온라인 μƒμ—μ„œ λŒμ–΄λ“€μΈ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ μš°λ¦¬λ„ P2P λ³΄μ•ˆμœΌλ‘œ
06:16
we can do that with peer-to-peer security.
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λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:18
Individuals have more power than ever before
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κ°œμΈμ€ κ·Έ μ–΄λŠλ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ ꡭ가와 세계 μ•ˆλ³΄μ—
06:21
to affect national and international security.
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영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆλŠ” νž˜μ„ 더 많이 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
And we can create those positive peer-to-peer relationships
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 온라인과 μ˜€ν”„λΌμΈμ—μ„œ 긍정적인 개인 λŒ€ 개인의 관계λ₯Ό
06:28
on and offline,
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ν˜•μ„±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
we can support and educate the next generation of hackers, like myself,
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"λ²”μ£„μžκ°€ λ˜λ“ μ§€ λ―Έ κ΅­κ°€μ•ˆλ³΄κ΅­μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°€" 라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ 
06:35
instead of saying, "You can either be a criminal or join the NSA."
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저같은 μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ 해컀듀을 μ§€μ›ν•˜κ³  κ΅μœ‘ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:39
That matters today.
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이것은 ν˜„λŒ€μ— 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:41
And it's not just individuals -- it's organizations, corporations even.
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개인뿐만이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰직과 기업도 ν¬ν•¨λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:47
They have an advantage to act across more borders,
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κ·Έλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” 정뢀보닀 더 효과적이고 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ
06:49
more effectively and more rapidly than governments can,
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ꡭ경을 λ„˜μ–΄ 행동할 수 μžˆλŠ” 강점을 가지고 있고
06:53
and there's a set of real incentives there.
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거기에 λŒ€ν•œ 보상도 많이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
It's profitable and valuable
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디지털 μ‹œλŒ€μ—
06:59
to be seen as trustworthy in the digital age,
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μ‹ λ’°ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λŠ” 건 이득이 되고 큰 κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:02
and will only be more so in future generations to come.
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λ―Έλž˜μ— μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό κ±°λ“­ν• μˆ˜λ‘ 더 κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:06
But we still can't ignore government,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ •λΆ€λ₯Ό λ¬΄μ‹œν•  순 μ—†μ£ .
07:08
because that's who we turn to for collective action
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우리의 μ•ˆμ „μ„ μœ„ν•΄ 집단적 μ‘°μ·¨λ₯Ό μ·¨ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것이
07:11
to keep us safe and secure.
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μ •λΆ€λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
07:16
But we see where that's gotten us so far,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆκΉŒ.
07:19
where there's an inability to adapt and learn in digital conflict,
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디지털 μƒμ˜ κ°ˆλ“±μ— μ μ‘ν•˜κ³  κ·Έλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•™μŠ΅ν•  λŠ₯λ ₯도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
where at the highest levels of leadership,
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κ°€μž₯ 높은 μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆλŠ” μ§€λ„μžμΈ
07:25
the Director of the CIA, Secretary of Defense,
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CIA의 κ΅­μž₯κ³Ό κ΅­λ°©μž₯관은 μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
they say, "Cyber Pearl Harbor will happen." "Cyber 9/11 is imminent."
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"사이버 μ§„μ£Όλ§Œμ΄ 일어날거야" "사이버 911ν…ŒλŸ¬κ°€ μ½”μ•žμ΄μ•Ό"
07:35
But this only makes us more fearful, not more secure.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 말은 우리λ₯Ό μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ‹€κ³  느끼게 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  더 λ‘λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
By banning encryption in favor of mass surveillance and mass hacking,
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ κ°μ‹œμ™€ 해킹을 μœ„ν•΄ μ•”ν˜Έν™”λ₯Ό κΈˆμ§€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
07:42
sure, GCHQ and the NSA can spy on you.
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영ꡭ λ³΄μ•ˆκ΅­(GCHQ)와 NSAλŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ„ κ°μ‹œν•  수 있겠죠.
07:46
But that doesn't mean that they're the only ones that can.
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근데 κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  κ·Έλ“€λ§Œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ°μ‹œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 게 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
Capabilities are cheap, even free.
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그런 λŠ₯λ ₯은 μ‰½κ²Œ, 심지어 곡짜둜 얻을 수 있죠.
07:51
Technical ability is rising around the world,
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 기술λ ₯이 높아지고 있고
07:54
and individuals and small groups have the advantage.
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개인과 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ 집단이 μœ λ¦¬ν•œ μœ„μΉ˜μ— μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
So today it might just be the NSA and GCHQ,
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ NSA와 GCHQ밖에 μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
08:02
but who's to say that the Chinese can't find that backdoor?
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쀑ꡭ인듀이라고 뒷ꡬ멍을 λͺ» μ°Ύμ•„λ‚ΌκΉŒμš”?
08:06
Or in another generation, some kid in his basement in Estonia?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ—μ„œ μ§€ν•˜μ‹€μ— μ‚¬λŠ” κΌ¬λ§ˆμ•„μ΄λŠ”μš”?
08:10
And so I would say that it's not what governments can do,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이건 μ •λΆ€κ°€ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠλƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
08:15
it's that they can't.
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ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆλ˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ˜ λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:17
Governments today need to give up power and control
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 더 μ•ˆμ „ν•˜λ‹€κ³  느끼게 ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ”
08:22
in order to help make us more secure.
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ꢌλ ₯κ³Ό ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ„ 내렀놓아야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:25
Giving up mass surveillance and hacking and instead fixing those backdoors
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λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ κ°μ‹œμ™€ 해킹을 내렀놓고 뒷ꡬ멍을 λ§‰μ•„μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:29
means that, yeah, they can't spy on us,
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μ •λΆ€λŠ” 우리λ₯Ό 더 이상 κ°μ‹œν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ² μ§€λ§Œ
08:32
but neither can the Chinese
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쀑ꡭ인듀도 λͺ»ν• κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:33
or that hacker in Estonia a generation from now.
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μ—μŠ€ν† λ‹ˆμ•„μ— μ‚¬λŠ” λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ κ·Έ κΌ¬λ§ˆλ„μš”.
08:37
And government support for technologies like Tor and Bitcoin
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그리고 ν† (Tor)λ‚˜ λΉ„νŠΈμ½”μΈκ°™μ€ κΈ°μˆ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ •λΆ€κ°€ 지원을 ν•˜λŠ” 것은
08:40
mean giving up control,
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ν†΅μ œκΆŒμ„ λ‚΄λ €λ†“λŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ λœ»ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
08:42
but it means that developers, translators, anybody with an Internet connection,
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μΏ λ°”λ‚˜ μ΄λž€, 쀑ꡭ같은 λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ μ‚¬λŠ” κ°œλ°œμžμ™€ λ²ˆμ—­κ°€
08:46
in countries like Cuba, Iran and China, can sell their skills, their products,
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그리고 인터넷과 연결될 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ œν’ˆμ„ 세계 μ‹œμž₯에
08:50
in the global marketplace,
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νŒ” 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” λœ»λ„ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
but more importantly sell their ideas,
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그보닀 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 건, κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 아이디어도 νŒ”κ³ 
08:54
show us what's happening in their own countries.
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본인이 μ‚¬λŠ” λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 무슨 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ„ 보여쀄 수 있죠.
08:58
And so it should be not fearful,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ λ‘λ €μ›Œν•  일이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:00
it should be inspiring to the same governments
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μ§€λ‚œ μ„ΈκΈ° λ™μ•ˆ μ‹œλ―ΌκΆŒκ³Ό μ–Έλ‘ μ˜ 자유,
09:02
that fought for civil rights, free speech and democracy
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그리고 민주주의λ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ „μŸμ—μ„œ μ‹Έμ› λ˜ μ •λΆ€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
09:05
in the great wars of the last century,
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감격적인 일이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:07
that today, for the first time in human history,
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μ§€κΈˆ 인λ₯˜ 역사상 졜초둜 전세계 μˆ˜μ‹­ μ–΅μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„
09:10
we have a technical opportunity
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€ 기회λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” 기술이,
09:13
to make billions of people safer around the world
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ν•œλ²ˆλ„ μžˆμ–΄λ³Έ 적 μ—†λŠ” 그런 κΈ°μˆ μ„
09:15
that we've never had before in human history.
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κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것이 말이죠.
09:18
It should be inspiring.
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감격적인 일이어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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