Architecture that's built to heal | Michael Murphy

298,601 views ใƒป 2016-10-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Nir Bibi
00:13
Every weekend for as long as I can remember,
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ื›ืœ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ,
00:17
my father would get up on a Saturday,
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ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืงื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช,
00:20
put on a worn sweatshirt
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ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืฆื” ื‘ืœื•ื™ื”
00:23
and he'd scrape away
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืจื“
00:24
at the squeaky old wheel of a house that we lived in.
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ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื• ื’ืจื ื•.
00:27
I wouldn't even call it restoration;
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ;
00:29
it was a ritual, catharsis.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืงืก, ืงื˜ืจื–ื™ืก.
00:31
He would spend all year scraping paint with this old heat gun
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืฆื‘ืข ืขื ืืงื“ื— ื—ื•ื ื™ืฉืŸ
00:35
and a spackle knife,
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ื•ืžืจื™ืช ืฆื‘ืข,
00:36
and then he would repaint where he scraped,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื’ื™ืจื“ื ื•,
00:38
only to begin again the following year.
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ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
00:41
Scraping and re-scraping, painting and repainting:
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ื”ืกืจื” ื•ื”ืกืจื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ:
00:44
the work of an old house is never meant to be done.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.
00:49
The day my father turned 52, I got a phone call.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื• ืื‘ื™ ื—ื’ื’ 52, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
00:52
My mother was on the line
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ืื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•
00:54
to tell me that doctors had found a lump in his stomach --
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืฉื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืฉืœื• --
00:58
terminal cancer, she told me,
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ืกืจื˜ืŸ ืกื•ืคื ื™, ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™,
01:00
and he had been given only three weeks to live.
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ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช.
01:04
I immediately moved home to Poughkeepsie, New York,
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ืžื™ื“ ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืคื•ืงื™ืคืกื™, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
01:07
to sit with my father on death watch,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืขื ืื‘ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืžืจืช ืžื•ื•ืช,
01:10
not knowing what the next days would bring us.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขืœื™ื ื•.
01:13
To keep myself distracted,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื•ืกื—ืช,
01:14
I rolled up my sleeves,
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ื’ืœื’ืœืชื™ ืืช ืฉืจื•ื•ืœื™,
01:16
and I went about finishing what he could now no longer complete --
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ื•ื™ืฆืืชื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื --
01:20
the restoration of our old home.
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ืืช ื”ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืฉืŸ.
01:23
When that looming three-week deadline came
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืข
01:26
and then went,
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ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจ,
01:27
he was still alive.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™.
01:29
And at three months,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
01:31
he joined me.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™.
01:32
We gutted and repainted the interior.
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ืจื•ืงื ื• ื•ืฆื‘ืขื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื.
01:35
At six months, the old windows were refinished,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื•ืคืฆื•,
01:38
and at 18 months,
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ื•ื‘- 18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
01:40
the rotted porch was finally replaced.
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ื”ืžืจืคืกืช ื”ืจืงื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื—ืœืคื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ.
01:43
And there was my father,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™,
01:45
standing with me outside, admiring a day's work,
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ืขื•ืžื“ ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืžืขืจื™ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื,
01:48
hair on his head, fully in remission,
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ืฉื™ืขืจ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•, ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื’ื”,
01:51
when he turned to me and he said,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ ื•ืืžืจ,
01:53
"You know, Michael,
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"ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ื™ืงืœ,
01:55
this house saved my life."
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™."
01:58
So the following year, I decided to go to architecture school.
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืœื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
02:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:05
But there, I learned something different about buildings.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
02:09
Recognition seemed to come
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื”
02:10
to those who prioritized novel and sculptural forms,
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ืœืืœื” ืฉืฉืžื• ื‘ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ื•ืช,
02:14
like ribbons, or ...
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ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืื•...
02:17
pickles?
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ืžืœืคืคื•ื ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืฆื™ื?
02:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:22
And I think this is supposed to be a snail.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื–ื•ืŸ.
02:26
Something about this bothered me.
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ืžืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื” ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื™.
02:28
Why was it that the best architects, the greatest architecture --
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” --
02:32
all beautiful and visionary and innovative --
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ื›ื•ืœื” ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื” ื•ืžืœืืช ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช --
02:36
is also so rare,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ื“ื™ืจื”,
02:38
and seems to serve so very few?
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ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉืžืฉืจืชืช ืžืขื˜ื™ื?
02:41
And more to the point:
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื”:
02:43
With all of this creative talent, what more could we do?
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
02:48
Just as I was about to start my final exams,
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉืขืžื“ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœื™,
02:50
I decided to take a break from an all-nighter
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ืคืกืงื” ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืœื”
02:54
and go to a lecture by Dr. Paul Farmer,
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ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจ. ืคื•ืœ ืคืจืžืจ,
02:57
a leading health activist for the global poor.
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ืคืขื™ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:00
I was surprised to hear a doctor talking about architecture.
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ื”ื•ืคืชืขืชื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืจื•ืคื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
03:04
Buildings are making people sicker, he said,
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
03:06
and for the poorest in the world,
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ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
03:08
this is causing epidemic-level problems.
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ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคื”.
03:11
In this hospital in South Africa,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
03:13
patients that came in with, say, a broken leg,
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ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืขื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืจื’ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”,
03:15
to wait in this unventilated hallway,
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ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื“ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื ืžืื•ื•ืจืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:18
walked out with a multidrug-resistant strand of tuberculosis.
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ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื ื–ื ื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื—ืคืช.
03:23
Simple designs for infection control had not been thought about,
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ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช,
03:26
and people had died because of it.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”.
03:30
"Where are the architects?" Paul said.
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"ืื™ืคื” ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื?" ืืžืจ ืคื•ืœ.
03:33
If hospitals are making people sicker,
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ืื ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:35
where are the architects and designers
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ืื™ืคื” ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
03:37
to help us build and design hospitals that allow us to heal?
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื?
03:44
That following summer,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื‘ื,
03:46
I was in the back of a Land Rover with a few classmates,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืœื ื“ ืจื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ืœื›ื™ืชื”,
03:48
bumping over the mountainous hillside of Rwanda.
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ืงื•ืคืฅ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื•ืื ื“ื”.
03:52
For the next year, I'd be living in Butaro in this old guesthouse,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™, ื—ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื•ื˜ืืจื• ื‘ื’ืกื˜ื”ืื•ืก ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
03:56
which was a jail after the genocide.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื ืื—ืจื™ ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื.
04:00
I was there to design and build a new type of hospital
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื
04:04
with Dr. Farmer and his team.
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ืขื ื“ืจ. ืคืจืžืจ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
04:07
If hallways are making patients sicker,
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ืื ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
04:10
what if we could design a hospital that flips the hallways on the outside,
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ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
04:13
and makes people walk in the exterior?
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ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ?
04:16
If mechanical systems rarely work,
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ืื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื›ืื ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช,
04:18
what if we could design a hospital that could breathe
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ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืฉื•ื
04:21
through natural ventilation,
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ื“ืจืš ืื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ืขื™,
04:23
and meanwhile reduce its environmental footprint?
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช?
04:26
And what about the patients' experience?
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ื•ืžื” ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื?
04:28
Evidence shows that a simple view of nature
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ื”ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื˜ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื˜ื‘ืข
04:31
can radically improve health outcomes,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
04:33
So why couldn't we design a hospital
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื
04:35
where every patient had a window with a view?
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ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ืŸ ืขื ืžื‘ื˜ ืœื ื•ืฃ?
04:38
Simple, site-specific designs can make a hospital that heals.
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœืืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืจืคื.
04:44
Designing it is one thing;
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ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“;
04:46
getting it built, we learned, is quite another.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื•, ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
04:49
We worked with Bruce Nizeye,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืก ื ื™ื–ื™ื™,
04:52
a brilliant engineer,
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ืžื”ื ื“ืก ืžื‘ืจื™ืง,
04:53
and he thought about construction differently
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช
04:56
than I had been taught in school.
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ืžืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
04:58
When we had to excavate this enormous hilltop
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืขื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”
05:00
and a bulldozer was expensive and hard to get to site,
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ื•ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื™ืงืจ ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ืื” ืœืืชืจ,
05:03
Bruce suggested doing it by hand,
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ื‘ืจื•ืก ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“,
05:06
using a method in Rwanda called "Ubudehe,"
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื” "ืื•ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”,"
05:10
which means "community works for the community."
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” "ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”."
05:13
Hundreds of people came with shovels and hoes,
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ืžืื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื ืืชื™ื ื•ืžืขื“ืจื™ื,
05:17
and we excavated that hill
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ื•ื—ืคืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” ื”ื–ื•
05:18
in half the time and half the cost of that bulldozer.
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ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœื“ื•ื–ืจ.
05:23
Instead of importing furniture, Bruce started a guild,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื™ื‘ื ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื™ื ื’ื™ืœื“ื”,
05:26
and he brought in master carpenters to train others
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืื—ืจื™ื
05:28
in how to make furniture by hand.
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ืื™ืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“.
05:30
And on this job site,
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ื•ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:32
15 years after the Rwandan genocide,
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15 ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืจืฆื— ื”ืขื ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
05:36
Bruce insisted that we bring on labor from all backgrounds,
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ื‘ืจื•ืก ื”ืชืขืงืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืจืงืขื™ื,
05:39
and that half of them be women.
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ื•ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ื ื ืฉื™ื.
05:42
Bruce was using the process of building to heal,
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ื‘ืจื•ืก ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ืจื™ื,
05:44
not just for those who were sick,
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ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
05:46
but for the entire community as a whole.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
05:51
We call this the locally fabricated way of building, or "lo-fab,"
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื”, ืื• "ืœื•-ืคืื‘,"
05:55
and it has four pillars:
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช:
05:58
hire locally,
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ืฉื›ืจื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
06:00
source regionally,
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ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื–ื•ืจ,
06:02
train where you can
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ืืžื ื• ืื™ืคื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
06:03
and most importantly,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
06:05
think about every design decision as an opportunity
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช
06:08
to invest in the dignity of the places where you serve.
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ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืืชื ืžืฉืจืชื™ื.
06:13
Think of it like the local food movement,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืชื ื•ืขืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
06:16
but for architecture.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
06:17
And we're convinced that this way of building
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ืฉื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”
06:19
can be replicated across the world,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื›ืคืœืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:21
and change the way we talk about and evaluate architecture.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื•ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.
06:27
Using the lo-fab way of building,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื”,
06:29
even aesthetic decisions can be designed to impact people's lives.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืกื˜ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:33
In Butaro, we chose to use a local volcanic stone
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ื‘ื‘ื•ื˜ืืจื•, ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืœืงื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช
06:36
found in abundance within the area,
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ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
06:38
but often considered a nuisance by farmers,
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ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืœืžืคื’ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืื™ื,
06:40
and piled on the side of the road.
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ื•ื ืขืจืžืช ืœืฆื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
06:42
We worked with these masons to cut these stones
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:45
and form them into the walls of the hospital.
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžื”ืŸ ืืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
06:48
And when they began on this corner
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•
06:50
and wrapped around the entire hospital,
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ื•ืขื˜ืคื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
06:54
they were so good at putting these stones together,
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
06:56
they asked us if they could take down the original wall and rebuild it.
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ื”ื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ื• ืื ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืงื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
07:00
And you see what is possible.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื™.
07:03
It's beautiful.
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ื–ื” ื™ืคื™ืคื”.
07:05
And the beauty, to me,
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ืคื™, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
07:07
comes from the fact that I know that hands cut these stones,
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื—ืชื›ื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
07:11
and they formed them into this thick wall,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืงื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื” ื”ื–ื”,
07:14
made only in this place with rocks from this soil.
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ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืขื ืื‘ื ื™ื ืžื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
07:20
When you go outside today and you look at your built world,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื›ื,
07:24
ask not only:
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ืืœ ืชืฉืืœื• ืจืง:
07:26
"What is the environmental footprint?" -- an important question --
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"ืžื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช?" -- ืฉืืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” --
07:29
but what if we also asked,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื ืฉืืœ ื’ื,
07:30
"What is the human handprint of those who made it?"
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"ืžื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”?"
07:35
We started a new practice based around these questions,
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
07:39
and we tested it around the world.
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ื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
07:42
Like in Haiti,
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™,
07:43
where we asked if a new hospital could help end the epidemic of cholera.
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ืฉื ืฉืืœื ื• ืื ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืจื”.
07:48
In this 100-bed hospital,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 100 ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช,
07:50
we designed a simple strategy
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
07:52
to clean contaminated medical waste before it enters the water table,
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ืœื ืงื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžื™ ื”ืชื”ื•ื,
07:56
and our partners at Les Centres GHESKIO
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ื•ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืœืก ืกื ื˜ืจืก GHEKIO
07:58
are already saving lives because of it.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื”.
08:01
Or Malawi:
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ืื• ืžืœืื•ื•ื™:
08:02
we asked if a birthing center could radically reduce
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ืฉืืœื ื• ืื ืžืจื›ื– ืœื™ื“ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช
08:05
maternal and infant mortality.
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ืžื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
08:07
Malawi has one of the highest rates of maternal and infant death
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ืœืžืœืื•ื•ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ืชืช ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื•ื“ื™ื
08:11
in the world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:12
Using a simple strategy to be replicated nationally,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืชืฉื•ื›ืคืœ ืœืจืžื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช,
08:15
we designed a birthing center
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ืžืจื›ื– ืœื™ื“ื”
08:18
that would attract women and their attendants
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ
08:20
to come to the hospital earlier and therefore have safer births.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:24
Or in the Congo, where we asked
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ืื• ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ื•, ืฉื ืฉืืœื ื•
08:26
if an educational center could also be used
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ืื ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ
08:28
to protect endangered wildlife.
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ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื”.
08:30
Poaching for ivory and bushmeat
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ืฆื™ื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืฉื ื”ื‘ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ-ืฆื™ื™ื“
08:32
is leading to global epidemic, disease transfer and war.
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ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืœื—ืžื”.
08:35
In one of the hardest-to-reach places in the world,
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ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
08:39
we used the mud and the dirt and the wood around us
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืขืคืจ ื•ื”ืขืฆื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
08:42
to construct a center
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–
08:43
that would show us ways to protect and conserve our rich biodiversity.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ืœืžื“ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ื•ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ.
08:49
Even here in the US,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
08:51
we were asked to rethink
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ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
08:52
the largest university for the deaf and hard of hearing in the world.
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ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื ื›ื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:56
The deaf community, through sign language,
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื—ืจืฉืช, ื“ืจืš ืฉืคืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื,
08:59
shows us the power of visual communication.
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ืžืจืื” ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช.
09:01
We designed a campus that would awaken the ways
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ืชื›ื ื ื• ืงืžืคื•ืก ืฉื™ืขื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
09:03
in which we as humans all communicate,
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื,
09:05
both verbally and nonverbally.
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ื’ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื’ื ืœื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช.
09:09
And even in Poughkeepsie, my hometown,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืคื•ืงื™ืคืกื™, ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื™,
09:12
we thought about old industrial infrastructure.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืฉืŸ.
09:16
We wondered:
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ืชื”ื™ื ื•;
09:17
Could we use arts and culture and design to revitalize this city
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ
09:22
and other Rust Belt cities across our nation,
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ื•ืขืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื’ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื•ื“ื” ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•,
09:24
and turn them into centers for innovation and growth?
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชืŸ ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื™ืœื”?
09:28
In each of these projects, we asked a simple question:
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืฉืืœื ื• ืฉืืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”:
09:32
What more can architecture do?
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ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
09:34
And by asking that question,
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ื•ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:36
we were forced to consider how we could create jobs,
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ื”ื•ื›ืจื—ื ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื•ืช,
09:40
how we could source regionally
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ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
09:42
and how we could invest in the dignity of the communities
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ื•ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
09:46
in which we serve.
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ืื•ืชืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืจืชื™ื.
09:47
I have learned
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ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™
09:49
that architecture can be a transformative engine for change.
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ืฉืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื•ืข ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื.
09:57
About a year ago, I read an article
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ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื”, ืงืจืืชื™ ืžืืžืจ
10:00
about a tireless and intrepid civil rights leader
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ืขืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื— ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื— ื•ื”ื ื•ืขื–
10:05
named Bryan Stevenson.
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ื‘ืฉื ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืกื•ืŸ.
10:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:14
And Bryan had a bold architectural vision.
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ื•ืœื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ ื ื•ืขื–.
10:17
He and his team had been documenting
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ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืชื™ืขื“ื•
10:20
the over 4,000 lynchings of African-Americans
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 4,000 ืœื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
10:24
that have happened in the American South.
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
10:26
And they had a plan to mark every county where these lynchings occurred,
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืกืžืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ื• ื”ืœื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•,
10:31
and build a national memorial to the victims of lynching
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ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื
10:35
in Montgomery, Alabama.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื•ืžืจื™, ืืœื‘ืืžื”.
10:37
Countries like Germany and South Africa
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
10:41
and, of course, Rwanda,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืจื•ืื ื“ื”,
10:43
have found it necessary to build memorials
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ื’ื™ืœื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช
10:46
to reflect on the atrocities of their past,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
10:49
in order to heal their national psyche.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืคื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
10:52
We have yet to do this in the United States.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
10:56
So I sent a cold email to [email protected]:
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ืื– ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืžื™ื™ืœ ืงืจ ืœ [email protected]:
11:03
"Dear Bryan," it said,
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"ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืงืจ," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
11:06
"I think your building project
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"ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœืš
11:07
is maybe the most important project we could do in America
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ื”ื•ื ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
11:10
and could change the way we think about racial injustice.
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ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ื’ื–ืขื ื™.
11:14
By any chance,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื”,
11:16
do you know who will design it?"
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื™ ื™ืชื›ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื•?"
11:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:20
Surprisingly, shockingly,
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ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื, ื•ื”ื”ืคืชืขื”,
11:23
Bryan got right back to me,
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ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ื™ืฉืจ ืืœื™,
11:24
and invited me down to meet with his team and talk to them.
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ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ืคื’ืฉ ืื™ืชื• ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื.
11:28
Needless to say, I canceled all my meetings
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ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™
11:30
and I jumped on a plane to Montgomery, Alabama.
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ื•ืงืคืฆืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก ืœืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื•ืžืจื™, ืืœื‘ืžื”.
11:33
When I got there,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืฉื,
11:34
Bryan and his team picked me up, and we walked around the city.
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ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืืกืฃ ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืœื ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
11:38
And they took the time to point out
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ื•ื”ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื™
11:40
the many markers that have been placed all over the city
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ืืช ื”ืกืžื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืžื• ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ
11:43
to the history of the Confederacy,
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ืœื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืคื“ืจืฆื™ื”,
11:46
and the very few that mark the history of slavery.
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ื•ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉืžืกืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช.
11:50
And then he walked me to a hill.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืœื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ืขื”.
11:52
It overlooked the whole city.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
11:54
He pointed out the river and the train tracks
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืื” ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ื•ืคืกื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช
11:57
where the largest domestic slave-trading port in America
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ืฉื ื ืžืœ ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”
11:59
had once prospered.
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ืคืขื ืฉื’ืฉื’.
12:01
And then to the Capitol rotunda,
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ื•ืื– ืœืจื•ื˜ื•ื ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”,
12:02
where George Wallace had stood on its steps
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ืฉื ื’'ื•ืจื’' ื•ื•ืœืืก ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
12:04
and proclaimed, "Segregation forever."
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ื•ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ, "ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืœื ืฆื—."
12:08
And then to the very hill below us.
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ื•ืื– ืœื’ื‘ืขื” ืžืชื—ืชื ื•.
12:10
He said, "Here we will build a new memorial
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืคื” ื ื‘ื ื” ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
12:13
that will change the identity of this city and of this nation."
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ืฉืชืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื”."
12:18
Our two teams have worked together over the last year
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
12:22
to design this memorial.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ื”ื–ื•.
12:27
The memorial will take us on a journey
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ื”ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืชื™ืงื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืžืกืข
12:30
through a classical, almost familiar building type,
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ื“ืจืš ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ื”ืงืœืืกื™, ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื›ืจ,
12:33
like the Parthenon or the colonnade at the Vatican.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืคืจืชื ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ืงื•ืœื•ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ื•ืชื™ืงืืŸ.
12:38
But as we enter,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื,
12:40
the ground drops below us and our perception shifts,
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ื”ืื“ืžื” ื ื•ืคืœืช ืžืชื—ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื”,
12:44
where we realize that these columns evoke the lynchings,
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ืฉื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื,
12:48
which happened in the public square.
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื›ื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
12:51
And as we continue,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื,
12:52
we begin to understand the vast number
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขืฆื•ื
12:55
of those who have yet to be put to rest.
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ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื ื•ื—ื”.
12:58
Their names will be engraved on the markers that hang above us.
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ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื—ืจื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืœื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ื•.
13:04
And just outside will be a field of identical columns.
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ื•ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื,
13:08
But these are temporary columns, waiting in purgatory,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื—ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจืฃ,
13:12
to be placed in the very counties where these lynchings occurred.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื”ืœื™ื ืฆ'ื™ื.
13:18
Over the next few years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
13:20
this site will bear witness,
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ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื—ื–ื”,
13:23
as each of these markers is claimed
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ื›ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืกืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืœืงื—
13:25
and visibly placed in those counties.
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ื•ื™ืžื•ืงื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
13:28
Our nation will begin to heal from over a century of silence.
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ื”ืื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจืคื ืžื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžืžื”.
13:35
When we think about how it should be built,
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช,
13:37
we were reminded of Ubudehe,
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ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื”,
13:40
the building process we learned about in Rwanda.
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืื ื“ื”.
13:43
We wondered if we could fill those very columns
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ืชื”ื™ื ื• ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
13:46
with the soil from the sites of where these killings occurred.
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ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืžื”ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืจืฆื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•.
13:51
Brian and his team have begun collecting that soil
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ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
13:54
and preserving it in individual jars
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ื•ืœืฉืžืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื ืฆื ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช
13:57
with family members, community leaders and descendants.
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ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ืฆืืฆืื™ื.
14:01
The act of collecting soil itself
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ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืขืฆืžื”
14:06
has lead to a type of spiritual healing.
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ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
14:09
It's an act of restorative justice.
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ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจื™.
14:12
As one EJI team member noted
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ EJI ื”ืขื™ืจ
14:15
in the collection of the soil from where Will McBride was lynched,
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ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืงื‘ืจื™ื™ื“ ื ืจืฆื—,
14:20
"If Will McBride left one drop of sweat,
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"ืื ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืงื‘ืจื™ื™ื“ ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ืขื”,
14:23
one drop of blood,
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ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื,
14:25
one hair follicle --
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ื–ืงื™ืง ืฉื™ืขืจ ืื—ื“ --
14:26
I pray that I dug it up,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉื—ืคืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
14:28
and that his whole body would be at peace."
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ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื• ื™ืฉื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื•ื."
14:34
We plan to break ground on this memorial later this year,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”,
14:37
and it will be a place to finally speak of the unspeakable acts
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื
14:42
that have scarred this nation.
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ืฉืฆื™ืœืงื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื•.
14:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:57
When my father told me that day that this house --
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ื›ืฉืื‘ื™ ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื” --
15:00
our house --
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ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• --
15:01
had saved his life,
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ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื•.
15:03
what I didn't know
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™
15:05
was that he was referring to a much deeper relationship
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ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ื—ืกื™ื ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
15:08
between architecture and ourselves.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
15:11
Buildings are not simply expressive sculptures.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื.
15:15
They make visible our personal and our collective aspirations
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ื”ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
15:19
as a society.
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ื›ื—ื‘ืจื”.
15:21
Great architecture can give us hope.
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ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
15:25
Great architecture can heal.
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ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจืคื.
15:28
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
15:29
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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