An urgent call to protect the world's "Third Pole" | Tshering Tobgay

200,966 views ใƒป 2019-09-05

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Tal Hemu ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:13
On the 17th of October, 2009,
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ื‘-17 ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2009
00:18
President Mohamed Nasheed of the Maldives did something unusual.
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ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืœื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื ืฉื™ื“ ืขืฉื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืฆื-ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
00:23
He held his cabinet meeting underwater.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื.
00:31
He literally took his ministers scuba diving, as it were,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ืœืฆืœื™ืœื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,
00:36
to warn the world that his country could drown
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ืขืœ-ืžื ืช ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืข
00:40
unless we control global warming.
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ืื ืœื ื ืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
00:43
Now I don't know whether he got his message across to the world or not,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื•,
00:47
but he certainly caught mine.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืชืคืก ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื™.
00:49
I saw a political stunt.
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ืื ื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืคืขืœื•ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
00:52
You see, I'm a politician,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™,
00:54
and I notice these things.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:57
And let's be honest,
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ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื™ื,
00:58
the Maldives are distant from where I come from --
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ื”ืžืœื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžืžื ื• --
01:02
my country is Bhutan --
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื˜ืŸ --
01:04
so I didn't lose any sleep over their impending fate.
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ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืœ ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ ืฉืœื”ื.
01:09
Barely two months later, I saw another political stunt.
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš, ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ืคืขืœื•ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
01:14
This time, the prime minister of Nepal,
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ื”ืคืขื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืคืืœ,
01:18
he held his cabinet meeting on Mount Everest.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืจืš ืืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜.
01:23
He took all his ministers all the way up to the base camp of Everest
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืืœ ืžื—ื ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜
01:28
to warn the world
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
01:30
that the Himalayan glaciers were melting.
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ืฉืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื” ื ืžืกื™ื.
01:33
Now did that worry me?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืื ื–ื” ื”ื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™?
01:34
You bet it did.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืŸ.
01:36
I live in the Himalayas.
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ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”.
01:39
But did I lose any sleep over his message?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื”ืชืงืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืจื“ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื•?
01:43
No.
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ืœื.
01:44
I wasn't ready to let a political stunt interfere with my beauty sleep.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืช ืœืคืขืœื•ืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื™.
01:50
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:52
Now fast-forward 10 years.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ืงืคื•ืฅ 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
01:55
In February this year,
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ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ืฉื ื”,
01:58
I saw this report.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”.
02:02
This here report basically concludes
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ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข
02:06
that one-third of the ice on the Hindu Kush Himalaya mountains
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ืฉืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืงืจื— ื‘ืจื›ืก ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”
02:12
could melt by the end of the century.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžืก ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื”.
02:15
But that's only if,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ืื
02:17
if we are able to contain global warming
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
02:20
to 1.5 degrees centigrade over preindustrial levels.
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ืขื“ 1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ื-ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
02:24
Otherwise, if we can't,
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ืื—ืจืช, ืื ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ,
02:27
the glaciers would melt much faster.
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ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืžืกื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ.
02:32
1.5 degrees Celsius. "No way," I thought.
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1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก. "ืื™ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™," ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
02:36
Even the Paris Agreement's ambitious targets
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉืืคืชื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืคืจื™ื–
02:39
aimed to limit global warming to two degrees centigrade.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœืฉืชื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.
02:43
1.5 degrees centigrade is what they call the best-case scenario.
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1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘, ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื.
02:49
"Now this can't be true," I thought.
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"ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช," ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
02:51
The Hindu Kush Himalaya region
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ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”
02:53
is the world's third-largest repository of ice,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:57
after the North and South Poles.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™.
02:59
That's why we are also called the "Third Pole."
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงืจืื™ื ื’ื "ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™".
03:02
There's a lot of ice in the region.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืงืจื— ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ.
03:05
And yes, the glaciers, they are melting.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื.
03:08
We know that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช.
03:10
I have been to those in my country.
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
03:12
I've seen them, and yes, they are melting.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื ืžืกื™ื.
03:14
They are vulnerable.
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ื”ื ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื.
03:15
"But they can't be that vulnerable," I remember thinking.
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"ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“-ื›ื“ื™-ื›ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื," ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™.
03:21
But what if they are?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื›ืŸ?
03:23
What if our glaciers melt much more quickly than I anticipate?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืกื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ ืžืฉืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื”?
03:28
What if our glaciers are much more vulnerable than previously thought?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืขื“-ื›ื”?
03:32
And what if, as a result, the glacial lakes --
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ื•ืžื” ืื, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืื’ืžื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื --
03:36
now these are lakes that form when glaciers melt --
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ืื’ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื --
03:39
what if those lakes burst under the weight of additional water?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ืื’ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืชืคืจืฆื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช?
03:44
And what if those floods cascade into other glacial lakes,
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ื•ืžื” ืื ื”ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ื’ืœืฉื• ืืœ ืื’ืžื™ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
03:47
creating even bigger outbursts?
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?
03:50
That would create unprecedented flash floods in my country.
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืง ื—ืกืจื•ืช ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
03:55
That would wreck my country.
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
03:58
That would wreak havoc in my country.
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ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืชื•ื”ื• ื•ื‘ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™.
04:00
That would have the potential to literally destroy our land,
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ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•,
04:04
our livelihood, our way of life.
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ืืช ื”ืคืจื ืกื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
04:10
So that report caught my attention
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ืื– ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืชืคืก ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื™
04:14
in ways that political stunts couldn't.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืคืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื•.
04:17
It was put together
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื›ื‘
04:18
by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, or ICIMOD,
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘, ืื• ICIMOD,
04:23
which is based in Nepal.
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ืฉื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื‘ื ืืคืœ.
04:25
Scientists and experts have studied our glaciers for decades,
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ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื,
04:30
and their report kept me awake at night, agonizing about the bad news
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื•ืชื™ ืขืจ ื‘ืœื™ืœื•ืช, ืžืชื™ื™ืกืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
04:35
and what it meant for my country
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืžื ื‘ืื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™
04:37
and my people.
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ื•ืœืขื ืฉืœื™.
04:39
So after several sleepless nights,
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ืื– ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืœื•ืช ื—ืกืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื”,
04:41
I went to Nepal to visit ICIMOD.
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœื ืคืืœ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”-ICIMOD.
04:46
I found a team of highly competent and dedicated scientists there,
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ืžืฆืืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“
04:51
and here's what they told me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื™.
04:53
Number one:
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:
04:55
the Hindu Kush Himalaya glaciers have been melting for some time now.
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ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื™ื ื ืžืกื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”.
05:01
Take that glacier, for instance.
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ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื.
05:05
It's on Mount Everest.
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ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜.
05:07
As you can see, this once massive glacier has already lost much of its ice.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืงื™ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื‘ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืงืจื— ืฉืœื•.
05:14
Number two:
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™:
05:15
the glaciers are now melting much more quickly --
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ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื ืžืกื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ --
05:17
so quickly, in fact, that at just 1.5 degrees centigrade of global warming,
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ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ, ืฉืจืง ื‘- 1.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
05:24
one-third of the glaciers would melt.
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืžืกื•.
05:28
At two degrees centigrade of global warming,
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
05:31
half the glaciers would disappear.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืขืœืžื•.
05:33
And if current trends were to continue,
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ื•ืื ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืŸ,
05:36
a full two-thirds of our glaciers would vanish.
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ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืขืœืžื•.
05:42
Number three:
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™:
05:44
global warming means that our mountains receive more rain and less snow ...
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ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืฉื ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื’...
05:50
and, unlike snowfall, rain melts ice,
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ื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ืžืคื•ืœืช ืฉืœื’ื™ื, ื’ืฉื ืžืžื™ืก ืงืจื—,
05:54
which just hurts the health of our glaciers.
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ืžื” ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
05:58
Number four:
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™:
06:01
pollution in the region has increased the amount of black carbon
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ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื—ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ
06:04
that's deposited on our glaciers.
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ืฉืฉื•ืงืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
06:06
Black carbon is like soot.
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืคื™ื—.
06:08
Black carbon absorbs heat
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ืคื—ืžืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื— ื—ื•ื
06:10
and just accelerates the melting of glaciers.
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ื•ืจืง ืžืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืกืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื.
06:14
To summarize,
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื,
06:16
our glaciers are melting rapidly,
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ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืกื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
06:19
and global warming is making them melt much more quickly.
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ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ืžืก ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจ.
06:25
But what does this mean?
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?
06:27
It means that the 240 million people
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉ-240 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
06:32
who live in the Hindu Kush Himalaya region --
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ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื™ --
06:34
in Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar
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ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืกื™ืŸ, ื ืคืืœ, ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ, ืžื™ืื ืžืจ
06:40
and my own beloved country, Bhutan --
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ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™, ื‘ื”ื•ื˜ืŸ --
06:42
these people will be directly affected.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื•ืฉืคืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ.
06:46
When glaciers melt,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืžืกื•,
06:48
when there's more rain and less snow,
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ื›ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืฉื ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื’,
06:50
there will be huge changes in the way water behaves.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื.
06:55
There will be more extremes:
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ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช:
06:58
more intense rain, more flash floods, more landslides,
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ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืง, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื•ืœื•ืช,
07:01
more glacial lake outburst floods.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื’ืžื™ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื.
07:04
All this will cause unimaginable destruction
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ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ืจืก ื‘ืœ ื™ืฉื•ืขืจ
07:09
in a region that already has some of the poorest people on earth.
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืœืื•-ื”ื›ื™.
07:15
But it's not just the people in the immediate region
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™
07:18
who'll be affected.
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ืฉื™ื•ืฉืคืขื•.
07:20
People living downstream will also be hit hard.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ืงืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
07:25
That's because 10 of their major rivers
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ-10 ืžื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
07:30
originate in the Hindu Kush Himalaya mountains.
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ืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื™ื.
07:34
These rivers provide critical water for agriculture
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ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช
07:38
and drinking water
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื”
07:40
to more than 1.6 billion people living downstream.
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ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืจื“ ื”ื–ืจื.
07:45
That's one in five humans.
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื [ื‘ืขื•ืœื].
07:49
That's why the Hindu Kush Himalaya mountains
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ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื™ื
07:51
are also called the "water towers of Asia."
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ื ืงืจืื™ื ื’ื "ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกื™ื”".
07:55
But when glaciers melt,
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ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื™ืžืกื•,
07:58
when monsoons turn severe,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ื ืกื•ื ื™ื ื™ื—ืžื™ืจื•,
07:59
those rivers will obviously flood,
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ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื™ื•ืฆืคื•,
08:03
so there will be deluges when water is not required
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืฉืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื
08:06
and droughts will be very common,
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ื•ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช,
08:09
when water is desperately required.
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ื›ืฉืžื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช.
08:11
In short, Asia's water tower will be broken,
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืืกื™ื” ื™ืฉื‘ืจื•,
08:16
and that will be disastrous for one-fifth of humanity.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืกื ื™ ืœื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืžื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
08:26
Should the rest of the world care?
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ื”ืื ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื›ืคืช?
08:29
Should you, for instance, care?
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ื”ืื ืœื›ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื›ืคืช?
08:32
Remember, I didn't care when I heard that the Maldives
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ื–ื›ืจื•, ืœื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื›ืคืช ื›ืฉืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืœื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
08:35
could disappear underwater.
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ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืขืœื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื.
08:37
And that is the crux of the problem, isn't it?
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ื•ื–ื• ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืœื?
08:40
We don't care.
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ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื•.
08:44
We don't care until we are personally affected.
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ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœื ื• ืขื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
08:47
I mean, we know. We know climate change is real.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™.
08:50
We know that we face drastic and dramatic change.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
08:53
We know that it is coming fast.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”ืจ.
08:54
Yet most of us
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ืื•ืœื ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื•
08:57
act as if everything were normal.
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ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ืœ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
09:02
So we must care,
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ืื– ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืื›ืคืช,
09:04
all of us,
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ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,
09:06
and if you can't care for those who are affected by the melting of glaciers,
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ื•ืื ืœื ืื›ืคืช ืœืš ืžืืœื• ื”ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืžืกืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื,
09:11
you should at least care for yourself.
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ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืื›ืคืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขืฆืžืš.
09:14
That's because the Hindu Kush Himalaya mountains --
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื•-ื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื™ื --
09:17
the entire region is like the pulse of the planet.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื•ืคืง ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ-ื”ืืจืฅ.
09:22
If the region falls sick,
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ืื ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื”,
09:25
the entire planet will eventually suffer.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
09:29
And right now,
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข,
09:30
with our glaciers melting rapidly,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืกื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
09:33
the region is not just sick --
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืœื ืจืง ื—ื•ืœื” --
09:35
it is crying out for help.
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ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ืขืง ืœืขื–ืจื”.
09:39
And how will it affect the rest of the world?
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ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื?
09:42
One obvious scenario is the potential destabilization
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ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™
09:46
caused by tens of millions of climate refugees,
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ื”ื ื’ืจื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืืงืœื™ื,
09:50
who'll be forced to move because they have no or little water,
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ืฉื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื• ื›ืœืœ ืžื™ื,
09:53
or because their livelihoods have been destroyed
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ืื• ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืคืจื ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื ื ื”ืจืกื”
09:56
by the melting of glaciers.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืกื™ื.
09:59
Another scenario we can't take lightly
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ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ื• ืจืืฉ
10:03
is the potential of conflict over water
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืขืœ ืžื™ื
10:07
and the political destabilization in a region that has three nuclear powers:
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืฆืžื•ืช ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื•ืช:
10:14
China, India, Pakistan.
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ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
10:21
I believe that the situation in our region is grave enough
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง
10:26
to warrant the creation of a new intergovernmental agency.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
10:32
So as a native from that part of the world,
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ืื– ื›ื™ืœื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
10:35
I want to propose here, today,
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื,
10:39
the establishment of the Third Pole Council,
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ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™,
10:43
a high-level, intergovernmental organization
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ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ
10:47
tasked with the singular responsibility
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ืฉืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื
10:51
of protecting the world's third-largest repository of ice.
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ื”ื’ื ืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืงืจื— ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
10:55
A Third Pole Council
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ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™
10:57
would consist of all eight countries located in the region
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ืชืžื ื” ืืช ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ
11:01
as member countries,
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ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช,
11:03
as equal member countries,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช,
11:05
and could also include representative organizations
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ื
11:08
and other countries who have vested interests in the region
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ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžื•ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ
11:12
as non-voting members.
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ื›ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื”.
11:13
But the big idea
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ืืš ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
11:15
is to get all stakeholders together to work together.
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ื”ื•ื ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
11:19
To work together to monitor the health of the glaciers;
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื;
11:24
to work together to shape and implement policies to protect our glaciers,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
11:29
and, by extension,
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,
11:30
to protect the billions of people who depend on our glaciers.
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ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
11:37
We have to work together,
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ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“,
11:40
because thinking globally, acting locally ...
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช...
11:46
does not work.
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ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“.
11:48
We've tried that in Bhutan.
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื”ื•ื˜ืŸ.
11:50
We've made immense sacrifices to act locally ...
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ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช...
11:56
and while individual localized efforts will continue to be important,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืืžืฆื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
12:01
they cannot stand up to the onslaught of climate change.
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืชืงืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
12:05
To stand up to climate change, we must work together.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื, ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“.
12:10
We must think globally and act regionally.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
12:15
Our entire region must come together,
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ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“,
12:18
to work together,
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื—ื“,
12:20
to fight climate change together,
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ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“,
12:22
to make our voices heard together.
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ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“.
12:27
And that includes India and China.
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ืกื™ืŸ.
12:32
They must step up their game.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื•ืš.
12:36
They must take the ownership of the fight to protect our glaciers.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
12:41
And for that, these two countries, these two powerful giants,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
12:44
must reduce their own greenhouse gases,
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
12:48
control their pollution, and lead the fight.
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ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื”.
12:53
Lead the global fight against climate change.
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ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
12:57
And all that with a renewed sense of urgency.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช.
13:00
Only then -- and that, too, only maybe --
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ืจืง ืื– -- ื•ื’ื ืื–, ืจืง ืื•ืœื™ --
13:04
will our region
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ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
13:06
and other regions that depend on our glaciers
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ื•ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
13:09
have any chance to avoid major catastrophes.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืื“ื™ืจื”.
13:15
Time is running out.
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ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื•ื–ืœ.
13:18
We must act together, now.
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ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
13:22
Otherwise, the next time Nepal's cabinet meets on Mount Everest,
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ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืžืžืฉืœืช ื ืคืืœ ืชื™ืคื’ืฉ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืื•ื•ืจืกื˜,
13:28
that spectacular backdrop ...
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ื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื”ื–ื”...
13:32
may look quite different.
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ื”.
13:37
And if that happens,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”,
13:40
if our glaciers melt,
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ืื ื”ืงืจื—ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื™ืžืกื•,
13:42
rising sea levels could well drown the Maldives.
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ืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
13:47
And while they can hold their cabinet meetings underwater
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื
13:51
to send an SOS to the world,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืœืขื•ืœื,
13:54
their country can keep existing
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืจื•ื“
13:56
only if their islands keep existing.
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ืจืง ืื ื”ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉืจื“ื•.
14:03
The Maldives are still distant, away.
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ื”ืžืœื“ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื.
14:09
Their islands are distant from where I live.
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ื”ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื’ืจ.
14:13
But now, I pay close attention to what happens out there.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืฉื ืœื‘ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืฉื.
14:21
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
14:24
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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