Marc Pachter: The art of the interview

135,361 views ใƒป 2009-12-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Tomer Lerner ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
The National Portrait Gallery is the place dedicated
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ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืฉ
00:19
to presenting great American lives,
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ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื,
00:21
amazing people.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
00:23
And that's what it's about.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
00:25
We use portraiture as a way to deliver those lives, but that's it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืงืื ื•ืช ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
00:29
And so I'm not going to talk about the painted portrait today.
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ืื–, ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื.
00:33
I'm going to talk about a program I started there,
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืฉื,
00:36
which, from my point of view, is the proudest thing I did.
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ืฉื”ื™ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื‘ื•.
00:41
I started to worry about the fact
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
00:45
that a lot of people don't get their portraits painted anymore,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื,
00:48
and they're amazing people,
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ื•ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื,
00:50
and we want to deliver them to future generations.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
00:53
So, how do we do that?
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ืื–, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
00:55
And so I came up with the idea of the living self-portrait series.
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ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ-ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื—ื™.
00:57
And the living self-portrait series was the idea of basically
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ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ-ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื•
01:01
my being a brush in the hand
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ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื
01:03
of amazing people who would come and I would interview.
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืืœื™ื™ ื•ืื ื™ ืืจืื™ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
01:06
And so what I'm going to do is, not so much give you
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช, ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
01:09
the great hits of that program,
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ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
01:11
as to give you this whole notion
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ืืœื ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ
01:13
of how you encounter people in that kind of situation,
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ืื™ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช,
01:16
what you try to find out about them,
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ืžื” ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื,
01:18
and when people deliver and when they don't and why.
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ื•ืžืชื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื, ืžืชื™ ื”ื ืœื ื•ืœืžื”.
01:23
Now, I had two preconditions.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ืชื ืื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.
01:26
One was that they be American.
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ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื
01:28
That's just because, in the nature of the National Portrait Gallery,
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื˜ืจืช ื’ืœืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงื ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
01:31
it's created to look at American lives.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื.
01:34
That was easy, but then I made the decision,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืื ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”,
01:37
maybe arbitrary,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช,
01:39
that they needed to be people of a certain age,
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ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
01:43
which at that point, when I created this program,
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ืฉื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื, ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช,
01:45
seemed really old.
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ื ืจืื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืงืŸ.
01:47
Sixties, seventies, eighties and nineties.
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ืฉืฉื™ื, ืฉื‘ืขื™ื, ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืขื™ื.
01:50
For obvious reasons, it doesn't seem that old anymore to me.
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ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื–ืงืŸ.
01:52
And why did I do that?
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ื•ืœืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื–ืืช?
01:54
Well, for one thing, we're a youth-obsessed culture.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืื•ื‘ืกืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืขื•ืจื™ื.
01:56
And I thought really what we need is an elders program
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
02:00
to just sit at the feet of amazing people and hear them talk.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืจืง ื ืฉื‘ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:04
But the second part of it -- and the older I get,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื - ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจ,
02:08
the more convinced I am that that's true.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
02:11
It's amazing what people will say when they know
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ื–ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
02:14
how the story turned out.
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ืื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื’ืžืจ.
02:16
That's the one advantage that older people have.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื.
02:20
Well, they have other, little bit of advantage,
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
02:22
but they also have some disadvantages,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:24
but the one thing they or we have is that
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืื• ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
02:26
we've reached the point in life
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ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
02:28
where we know how the story turned out.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื’ืžืจ.
02:31
So, we can then go back in our lives,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
02:33
if we've got an interviewer who gets that,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
02:36
and begin to reflect on how we got there.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืฉื.
02:40
All of those accidents that wound up
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ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
02:43
creating the life narrative that we inherited.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื.
02:46
So, I thought okay, now,
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ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™: ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
02:48
what is it going to take to make this work?
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ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•?
02:51
There are many kinds of interviews. We know them.
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ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื.
02:53
There are the journalist interviews,
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ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื™ื,
02:55
which are the interrogation that is expected.
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ืฉื”ื ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื›ืžืฆื•ืคื”.
02:57
This is somewhat against resistance
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ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช
02:59
and caginess on the part of the interviewee.
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ื•ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ืŸ.
03:03
Then there's the celebrity interview,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขืŸ,
03:05
where it's more important who's asking the question than who answers.
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžืืฉืจ ืžื™ ืขื•ื ื”.
03:08
That's Barbara Walters and others like that, and we like that.
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ื–ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ืจื‘ืจื” ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจืก ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืžื•ืชื”, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
03:12
That's Frost-Nixon, where Frost seems to be as important
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ื–ื” ืคืจื•ืกื˜-ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื• ืคืจื•ืกื˜ ื ืจืื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•
03:15
as Nixon in that process.
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ื ื™ืงืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
03:17
Fair enough.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:19
But I wanted interviews that were different.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
03:21
I wanted to be, as I later thought of it, empathic,
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ืื ื™ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืžืคืชื™,
03:28
which is to say, to feel what they wanted to say
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืืžืจ
03:33
and to be an agent of their self-revelation.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
03:37
By the way, this was always done in public.
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™.
03:39
This was not an oral history program.
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.
03:41
This was all about 300 people sitting at the feet of this individual,
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ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉ300 ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
03:46
and having me be the brush in their self-portrait.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื‘ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื•.
03:50
Now, it turns out that I was pretty good at that.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.
03:53
I didn't know it coming into it.
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืœื–ื”
03:55
And the only reason I really know that
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื•ื“ืข ื–ืืช
03:57
is because of one interview I did with Senator William Fulbright,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื™ ืขื ื”ืกื ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืคื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื™ื˜,
04:02
and that was six months after he'd had a stroke.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื‘ืฅ.
04:06
And he had never appeared in public since that point.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:08
This was not a devastating stroke,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืฅ ื”ืจืกื ื™,
04:10
but it did affect his speaking and so forth.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื• ืžืื–.
04:13
And I thought it was worth a chance,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™,
04:15
he thought it was worth a chance,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื™,
04:17
and so we got up on the stage,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ืžื”,
04:19
and we had an hour conversation about his life,
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื›ืฉืขื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื•,
04:22
and after that a woman rushed up to me,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ืจืฆื” ืืœื™,
04:25
essentially did,
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ืžืžืฉ ืจืฆื”,
04:27
and she said, "Where did you train as a doctor?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื™ืคื” ืœืžื“ืช ืจืคื•ืื”?"
04:30
And I said, "I have no training as a doctor. I never claimed that."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืœื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื”. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื˜ืขื ืชื™ ื–ืืช."
04:34
And she said, "Well, something very weird was happening.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืงืจื”.
04:38
When he started a sentence, particularly
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
04:40
in the early parts of the interview,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ,
04:43
and paused, you gave him the word,
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ื•ืขืฆืจ, ืืชื” ื ืชืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื”,
04:45
the bridge to get to the end of the sentence,
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ืืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
04:48
and by the end of it,
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ื•ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ,
04:50
he was speaking complete sentences on his own."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืฉืœืžื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•."
04:53
I didn't know what was going on,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
04:55
but I was so part of the process of getting that out.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœื–ื”.
04:58
So I thought, okay, fine, I've got empathy,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืžืคื˜ื™ื”,
05:02
or empathy, at any rate,
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ืื• ืฉืืžืคื˜ื™ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื,
05:04
is what's critical to this kind of interview.
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื•ืŸ.
05:06
But then I began to think of other things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:08
Who makes a great interview in this context?
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ืžื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”?
05:12
It had nothing to do with their intellect,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื” ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ืฉืœื”ื,
05:14
the quality of their intellect.
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ ืฉืœื”ื.
05:16
Some of them were very brilliant,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื,
05:18
some of them were,
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื•,
05:20
you know, ordinary people who would never claim to be intellectuals,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ืขื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ื,
05:23
but it was never about that.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื–ื”.
05:26
It was about their energy.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
05:29
It's energy that creates extraordinary interviews
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ื–ื• ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื™-ื“ื•ืคืŸ
05:32
and extraordinary lives.
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™-ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
05:34
I'm convinced of it.
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืข ื‘ื›ืš.
05:36
And it had nothing to do with the energy of being young.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ื” ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
05:39
These were people through their 90s.
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ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”90 ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
05:41
In fact, the first person I interviewed
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™
05:43
was George Abbott, who was 97,
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ื”ื™ื” ื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื‘ื•ื˜, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 97,
05:46
and Abbott was filled with the life force --
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ื•ืื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืžืœื ื‘ื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื --
05:49
I guess that's the way I think about it -- filled with it.
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” - ืžืœื ื‘ื–ื”.
05:51
And so he filled the room,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ,
05:53
and we had an extraordinary conversation.
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ื›ืœืœ.
05:56
He was supposed to be the toughest interview that anybody would ever do
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
05:59
because he was famous for being silent,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืงื˜,
06:03
for never ever saying anything
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ื“ื‘ืจ
06:05
except maybe a word or two.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื™ืœื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
06:07
And, in fact, he did wind up opening up --
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ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื ืคืชื— --
06:09
by the way, his energy is evidenced in other ways.
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช.
06:13
He subsequently got married again at 102,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืชืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 102,
06:16
so he, you know, he had a lot of the life force in him.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
06:20
But after the interview, I got a call,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
06:22
very gruff voice, from a woman.
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ืงื•ืœ ืฆืจื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื™ืฉื”,
06:26
I didn't know who she was,
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื™ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
06:28
and she said, "Did you get George Abbott to talk?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” "ื”ืื ื’ืจืžืช ืœื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื‘ื•ื˜ ืœื“ื‘ืจ?"
06:32
And I said, "Yeah. Apparently I did."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขื ื™ืชื™, "ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื’ืจืžืชื™."
06:35
And she said, "I'm his old girlfriend, Maureen Stapleton,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœื•, ืžืื•ืจื™ืŸ ืกื˜ื™ื™ืคืœื˜ื•ืŸ,
06:39
and I could never do it."
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช."
06:41
And then she made me go up with the tape of it
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ื ืขื ื”ืงืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”
06:44
and prove that George Abbott actually could talk.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื’'ื•ืจื’' ืื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
06:47
So, you know, you want energy,
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
06:49
you want the life force,
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ืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ื›ื— ื—ื™ื™ื,
06:51
but you really want them also to think
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื•
06:55
that they have a story worth sharing.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืง.
06:59
The worst interviews that you can ever have
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ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš
07:02
are with people who are modest.
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ื”ื ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื ื•ืขื™ื.
07:05
Never ever get up on a stage with somebody who's modest,
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœ ืชืขืœื• ืœื‘ืžื” ืขื ืื“ื ืฆื ื•ืข,
07:08
because all of these people have been assembled
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ืชืืกืคื•
07:11
to listen to them, and they sit there and they say,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืื•ืชื, ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
07:13
"Aw, shucks, it was an accident."
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ื ื•, ื‘ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช."
07:15
There's nothing that ever happens that justifies
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื“ื™ืง
07:19
people taking good hours of the day to be with them.
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ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื.
07:23
The worst interview I ever did: William L. Shirer.
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ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ื ื•ืจื ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ : ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืœ. ืฉืจื™ืืจ.
07:26
The journalist who did "The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich."
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ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืืช "ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ื•ื ืคื™ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื™ืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™."
07:31
This guy had met Hitler and Gandhi within six months,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœืจ ื•ืืช ื’ื ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
07:35
and every time I'd ask him about it, he'd say, "Oh, I just happened to be there.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื”, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ืžืงืจื”.
07:38
Didn't matter." Whatever.
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื”." ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช.
07:41
Awful.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื•ืจื.
07:43
I never would ever agree to interview a modest person.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืกื›ื™ื ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืฆื ื•ืข.
07:46
They have to think that they did something
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื•
07:48
and that they want to share it with you.
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ื•ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืื™ืชืš.
07:50
But it comes down, in the end,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
07:54
to how do you get through all the barriers we have.
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ืœืื™ืš ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•.
08:01
All of us are public and private beings,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
08:04
and if all you're going to get from the interviewee is their public self,
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ื•ืื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
08:10
there's no point in it.
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ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื‘ื›ืš.
08:12
It's pre-programmed. It's infomercial,
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ื–ื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ืช ืžืจืืฉ. ื–ื” ืขืจื•ืš ืžืจืืฉ,
08:15
and we all have infomercials about our lives.
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ื•ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
08:18
We know the great lines, we know the great moments,
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ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืช, ืืช ื”ืจื’ืขื™ื ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื™ื,
08:21
we know what we're not going to share,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง,
08:23
and the point of this was not to embarrass anybody.
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืš ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
08:26
This wasn't -- and some of you will remember
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” -- ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื ื™ื™ื–ื›ืจื•
08:28
Mike Wallace's old interviews --
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ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืขื ืžื™ื™ืง ื•ื•ืœืืก --
08:30
tough, aggressive and so forth. They have their place.
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ืงืฉื•ื—, ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื›ื•". ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ืžืงื•ืžื.
08:33
I was trying to get them to say what they probably wanted to say,
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
08:37
to break out of their own cocoon of the public self,
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ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื”ื,
08:44
and the more public they had been,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื,
08:46
the more entrenched that person, that outer person was.
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ืคืจ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
08:51
And let me tell you at once the worse moment and the best moment
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ื•ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืื—ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:54
that happened in this interview series.
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ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
08:56
It all has to do with that shell that most of us have,
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ื”ื›ืœ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื™ืฉ,
09:01
and particularly certain people.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.
09:04
There's an extraordinary woman named Clare Boothe Luce.
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ื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื ืงืœื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืช' ืœื•ืก.
09:07
It'll be your generational determinant
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื’ื™ืœืš ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข
09:10
as to whether her name means much to you.
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ืื ืฉืžื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžืฉื”ื•.
09:13
She did so much. She was a playwright.
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ื–ืื™ืช.
09:18
She did an extraordinary play called "The Women."
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ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžื—ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ื ืฉื™ื".
09:21
She was a congresswoman
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจืช-ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
09:23
when there weren't very many congresswomen.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก.
09:26
She was editor of Vanity Fair,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขื•ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ "ื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ ืคื™ื™ืจ",
09:28
one of the great phenomenal women of her day.
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ืื—ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื ื•ืžื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื”.
09:32
And, incidentally, I call her
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ื•ืื’ื‘, ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”
09:35
the Eleanor Roosevelt of the Right.
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ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ืŸ.
09:38
She was sort of adored on the Right
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืขืจืฆืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ืŸ
09:40
the way Eleanor Roosevelt was on the Left.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืจื•ื–ื•ื•ืœื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืžืืœ.
09:43
And, in fact, when we did the interview --
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ -
09:46
I did the living self-portrait with her --
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ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืงืŸ-ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ ืื™ืชื” -
09:48
there were three former directors of the CIA
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ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจืืฉื™ ืกื™.ืื™ื™.ืื™ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ
09:50
basically sitting at her feet,
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืจื’ืœื™ื”,
09:52
just enjoying her presence.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื”ื ื™ื ืžื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื”.
09:55
And I thought, this is going to be a piece of cake,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืœื™-ืงืœื•ืช,
09:57
because I always have preliminary talks with these people
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืฉื” ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
10:01
for just maybe 10 or 15 minutes.
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ืจืง ืœืžืฉืš 10 ืื• 15 ื“ืงื•ืช.
10:04
We never talk before that because if you talk before,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื,
10:07
you don't get it on the stage.
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ืืชื” ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
10:09
So she and I had a delightful conversation.
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
10:13
We were on the stage and then --
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื•ืื– -
10:16
by the way, spectacular.
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืžืจื”ื™ื‘.
10:18
It was all part of Clare Boothe Luce's look.
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืจืื” ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืช' ืœื•ืก.
10:21
She was in a great evening gown.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืœืช-ืขืจื‘ ื ื”ื“ืจืช.
10:24
She was 80, almost that day of the interview,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืช 80, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ,
10:27
and there she was and there I was,
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ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื ื™,
10:29
and I just proceeded into the questions.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช.
10:31
And she stonewalled me. It was unbelievable.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ืกืžื” ืื•ืชื™. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื™ืืžืŸ.
10:36
Anything that I would ask, she would turn around, dismiss,
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉืืœืชื™, ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ื‘ื”, ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ืœื-ื›ืœื•ื.
10:41
and I was basically up there -- any of you
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื” - ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
10:43
in the moderate-to-full entertainment world
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ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ
10:45
know what it is to die onstage.
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ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” ืœืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื”.
10:48
And I was dying. She was absolutely not giving me a thing.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ืกืกืชื™. ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ.
10:53
And I began to wonder what was going on,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ,
10:55
and you think while you talk,
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ,
10:57
and basically, I thought, I got it.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ื›ื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™.
11:00
When we were alone, I was her audience.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“, ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื”.
11:04
Now I'm her competitor for the audience.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื” ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ.
11:06
That's the problem here, and she's fighting me for that,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืื‘ืงืช ื‘ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”,
11:10
and so then I asked her a question --
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” -
11:12
I didn't know how I was going to get out of it --
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ื•ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆืืช ืžื–ื” -
11:14
I asked her a question about her days as a playwright,
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ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื” ื›ืžื—ื–ืื™ืช,
11:20
and again, characteristically,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ืช,
11:22
instead of saying, "Oh yes, I was a playwright, and this is what blah blah blah,"
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“, "ืื” ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื–ืื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื”,"
11:25
she said, "Oh, playwright. Everybody knows I was a playwright.
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื”, ืžื—ื–ืื™ืช. ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื—ื–ืื™ืช.
11:28
Most people think that I was an actress. I was never an actress."
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช. ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช."
11:32
But I hadn't asked that, and then she went off on a tear,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืคืš,
11:36
and she said, "Oh, well, there was that one time that I was an actress.
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ื•ืืžืจื”, "ื ื•, ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืคืขื ื”ื–ืืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช.
11:39
It was for a charity in Connecticut when I was a congresswoman,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก,
11:42
and I got up there," and she went on and on, "And then I got on the stage."
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ื•ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื," ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“, "ื•ืื– ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ืžื”."
11:45
And then she turned to me and said,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ืคื ืชื” ืืœื™ื™ ื•ืืžืจื”,
11:47
"And you know what those young actors did?
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"ื•ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ื”ื ืขืฉื•?
11:50
They upstaged me." And she said, "Do you know what that is?"
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื˜ื• ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื™." ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ?"
11:52
Just withering in her contempt.
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ื ืงืžืœืช ื‘ื‘ื•ื– ืฉืœื”.
11:54
And I said, "I'm learning."
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“."
11:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
11:58
And she looked at me, and it was like the successful arm-wrestle,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช,
12:03
and then, after that, she delivered an extraordinary account
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ื•ืื–, ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืกื™ืคืงื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ
12:07
of what her life really was like.
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื—ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช.
12:09
I have to end that one. This is my tribute to Clare Boothe Luce.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืงืœื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื•ืช' ืœื•ืก.
12:12
Again, a remarkable person.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื“ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ.
12:14
I'm not politically attracted to her, but through her life force,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฉืš ืืœื™ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจืš ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”,
12:17
I'm attracted to her.
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ืื ื™ ื ืžืฉืš ืืœื™ื”.
12:20
And the way she died -- she had, toward the end, a brain tumor.
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืชื” - ื”ื™ื”, ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžื•ื—ื™.
12:25
That's probably as terrible a way to die as you can imagine,
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ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื•ืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
12:28
and very few of us were invited to a dinner party.
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื• ืœืกืขื•ื“ื”.
12:34
And she was in horrible pain.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืกื‘ืœื” ืžื›ืื‘ ื ื•ืจืื™.
12:36
We all knew that.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื“ืขื ื• ื–ืืช.
12:38
She stayed in her room.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื”.
12:41
Everybody came. The butler passed around canapes.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ืื•. ืจื‘ ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื—ื™ืœืง ื›ืจื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
12:43
The usual sort of thing.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ.
12:46
Then at a certain moment, the door opened
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืจื’ืข ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื ืคืชื—ื” ื”ื“ืœืช
12:49
and she walked out perfectly dressed, completely composed.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœืžืฉืขื™, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
12:53
The public self, the beauty, the intellect,
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื”ื™ื•ืคื™, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜,
12:57
and she walked around and talked to every person there
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ืขื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื
13:01
and then went back into the room and was never seen again.
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ื•ืื– ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจื” ื•ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจืืชื” ืฉื•ื‘.
13:04
She wanted the control of her final moment, and she did it amazingly.
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ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืจื’ืขื™ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
13:10
Now, there are other ways that you get somebody to open up,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—,
13:14
and this is just a brief reference.
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ื•ื–ื• ืจืง ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืงืฆืจื”.
13:18
It wasn't this arm-wrestle,
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ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื–ื•,
13:20
but it was a little surprising for the person involved.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ.
13:22
I interviewed Steve Martin. It wasn't all that long ago.
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ืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืืช ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ. ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื–ืžืŸ.
13:26
And we were sitting there,
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ื•ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื,
13:28
and almost toward the beginning of the interview,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืงืจืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืจืื™ื•ืŸ,
13:31
I turned to him and I said, "Steve," or "Mr. Martin,
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ืคื ื™ืชื™ ืืœื™ื• ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ืกื˜ื™ื‘," ืื• "ืžืจ ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ,
13:36
it is said that all comedians have unhappy childhoods.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžืœืœื”.
13:42
Was yours unhappy?"
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ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืœืœื”?"
13:44
And he looked at me, you know, as if to say,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืจ,
13:47
"This is how you're going to start this thing, right off?"
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"ื›ื›ื” ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื–ื”, ื™ืฉืจ?"
13:50
And then he turned to me, not stupidly,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื™, ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื˜ื™ืคืฉื™ืช,
13:52
and he said, "What was your childhood like?"
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ื•ืืžืจ, "ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืš?"
13:56
And I said -- these are all arm wrestles, but they're affectionate --
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™ - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื‘ื” -
13:59
and I said, "My father was loving and supportive,
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ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ื”ื‘ ื•ืชื•ืžืš,
14:02
which is why I'm not funny."
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื—ื™ืง."
14:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
14:06
And he looked at me, and then we heard the big sad story.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™, ื•ืื– ืฉืžืขื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืขืฆื•ื‘.
14:10
His father was an SOB,
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ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘"ื–,
14:12
and, in fact, he was another comedian with an unhappy childhood,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืื™ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžืœืœื”,
14:16
but then we were off and running.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื•ื–ืจืžื ื•.
14:19
So the question is:
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื:
14:20
What is the key that's going to allow this to proceed?
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš?
14:23
Now, these are arm wrestle questions,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื•ืจื“ืช-ื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
14:25
but I want to tell you about questions
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช
14:28
that are more related to empathy
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ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืืžืคื˜ื™ื”
14:31
and that really, very often, are the questions
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ื•ืฉื‘ืืžืช, ืœืขืชื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช
14:34
that people have been waiting their whole lives to be asked.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื›ื• ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื.
14:37
And I'll just give you two examples of this because of the time constraints.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืจืง ืฉืชื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
14:41
One was an interview I did with one of the great American biographers.
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ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขื ืื—ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
14:47
Again, some of you will know him, most of you won't, Dumas Malone.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื—ืœืงื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืœื, ื“ื•ืžื ืžืืœื•ืŸ.
14:49
He did a five-volume biography of Thomas Jefferson,
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืžืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ,
14:53
spent virtually his whole life with Thomas Jefferson,
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ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืขื ืชื•ืžืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ,
14:58
and by the way, at one point I asked him,
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ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื•,
15:00
"Would you like to have met him?"
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"ื”ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•?"
15:02
And he said, "Well, of course,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
15:04
but actually, I know him better than anyone who ever met him,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืฉืคื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื•,
15:07
because I got to read all of his letters."
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ื›ื™ ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื•."
15:09
So, he was very satisfied with the kind of relationship they had over 50 years.
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ืื–, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืขื ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืš 50 ืฉื ื™ื.
15:15
And I asked him one question.
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ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช.
15:18
I said, "Did Jefferson ever disappoint you?"
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื”ืื ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ืื™ ืคืขื ืื™ื›ื–ื‘ ืื•ืชืš?"
15:22
And here is this man who had given his whole life to uncovering Jefferson
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื• ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ
15:27
and connecting with him,
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ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ืชื•,
15:29
and he said, "Well ..." -- I'm going to do a bad southern accent.
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ื•ื”ื•ื”ื ืืžืจ, "ื˜ื•ื‘..." - ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ื“ืจื•ืžื™ ื’ืจื•ืข.
15:34
Dumas Malone was from Mississippi originally.
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ื“ื•ืžื ืžืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื™ ืžืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ.
15:37
But he said, "Well," he said, "I'm afraid so."
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื˜ื•ื‘," ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉื›ืŸ."
15:41
He said, "You know, I've read everything,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืงืจืืชื™ ื”ื›ืœ,
15:44
and sometimes Mr. Jefferson would smooth the truth a bit."
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืžืจ ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืžืช ืžืขื˜."
15:52
And he basically was saying that this was a man
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื
15:55
who lied more than he wished he had,
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ืฉืฉื™ืงืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื•ื”,
15:58
because he saw the letters.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืื” ืืช ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื.
16:00
He said, "But I understand that." He said, "I understand that."
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”." ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”."
16:04
He said, "We southerners do like a smooth surface,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื—ืœืง,
16:09
so that there were times when he just didn't want the confrontation."
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ืื– ื”ื™ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช."
16:13
And he said, "Now, John Adams was too honest."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื’'ื•ืŸ ืื“ืืžืก ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจ ืžื“ื™."
16:17
And he started to talk about that, and later on he invited me to his house,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•,
16:20
and I met his wife who was from Massachusetts,
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ื•ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
16:22
and he and she had exactly the relationship
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ื•ืœื• ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ
16:25
of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams.
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ืฉืœ ืชื•ืžืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ื•ื’'ื•ืŸ ืื“ืืžืก.
16:28
She was the New Englander and abrasive,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื ื™ื•-ืื™ื ื’ืœื ื“ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืคืฉืคืช,
16:30
and he was this courtly fellow.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืื“ื™ื‘.
16:33
But really the most important question I ever asked,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืื™-ืคืขื ืฉืืœืชื™,
16:36
and most of the times when I talk about it,
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš,
16:39
people kind of suck in their breath at my audacity, or cruelty,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื“ื”ืžื™ื ืžื”ื—ื•ืฆืคื” ืฉืœื™, ืื• ืžืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืชื™,
16:44
but I promise you it was the right question.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
16:48
This was to Agnes de Mille.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืื’ื ืก ื“ื” ืžื™ืœ.
16:51
Agnes de Mille is one of the great choreographers in our history.
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ืื’ื ืก ื“ื” ืžื™ืœ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ืžื”ื›ื•ืจืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
16:55
She basically created the dances in "Oklahoma,"
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ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื‘"ืื•ืงืœื”ื•ืžื”,"
16:59
transforming the American theater.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
17:01
An amazing woman.
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ืื™ืฉื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
17:03
At the time that I proposed to her that --
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœื” ืฉ -
17:08
by the way, I would have proposed to her; she was extraordinary --
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ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื” ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจื’ื™ืœื” -
17:10
but proposed to her that she come on.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขืชื™ ืœื” ืฉืชื‘ื•ื.
17:12
She said, "Come to my apartment."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื‘ื•ื ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™."
17:14
She lived in New York.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
17:16
"Come to my apartment and we'll talk for those 15 minutes,
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ื‘ื•ื ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืืช 15 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
17:20
and then we'll decide whether we proceed."
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ื•ืื– ื ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื."
17:22
And so I showed up in this dark, rambling New York apartment,
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ืื– ื”ื•ืคืขืชื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืช ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ื ืช ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื–ื•,
17:27
and she called out to me, and she was in bed.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืจืื” ืœื™, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื”,
17:30
I had known that she had had a stroke,
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ื•ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฅ,
17:32
and that was some 10 years before.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืจื” 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ.
17:34
And so she spent almost all of her life in bed,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื”
17:39
but -- I speak of the life force --
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ืื‘ืœ - ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ื™ื -
17:41
her hair was askew.
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ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ืคื–ื•ืจ,
17:43
She wasn't about to make up for this occasion.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ืœื”ืชืืคืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื”ื–ื”.
17:46
And she was sitting there surrounded by books,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื ืžื•ืงืคืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื,
17:49
and her most interesting possession she felt at that moment
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ื•ื ื›ืกื” ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื”
17:53
was her will, which she had by her side.
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื“ื”.
17:59
She wasn't unhappy about this. She was resigned.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื•ืžืœืœื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื”. ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื ื•ืขื”.
18:03
She said, "I keep this will by my bed, memento mori,
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืชื™, ืœื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ,
18:09
and I change it all the time
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
18:12
just because I want to."
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ืจืง ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”."
18:14
And she was loving the prospect of death as much as she had loved life.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
18:19
I thought, this is somebody I've got to get in this series.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื–ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืกื“ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
18:22
She agreed.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื”.
18:24
She came on. Of course she was wheelchaired on.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื”. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื.
18:27
Half of her body was stricken, the other half not.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื’ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืง, ื”ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื.
18:30
She was, of course, done up for the occasion,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื’ื•ื ื“ืจืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจืข.
18:33
but this was a woman in great physical distress.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ืฉื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืงืช ืงืฉื”.
18:37
And we had a conversation,
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ื•ื ื™ื”ืœื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื”,
18:40
and then I asked her this unthinkable question.
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ื•ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื–ื•.
18:43
I said, "Was it a problem for you in your life that you were not beautiful?"
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ืืžืจืชื™, "ื”ืื ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ืคื”?"
18:52
And the audience just -- you know,
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ื•ื”ืงื”ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ - ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
18:55
they're always on the side of the interviewee,
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ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืื™ื™ืŸ,
18:58
and they felt that this was a kind of assault,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืฉื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชืงื™ืคื”,
19:01
but this was the question she had
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื
19:03
wanted somebody to ask her whole life.
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ืจืฆืชื” ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”.
19:06
And she began to talk about her childhood, when she was beautiful,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื”, ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ืคื”,
19:11
and she literally turned -- here she was, in this broken body --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืคื ืชื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืจ -
19:14
and she turned to the audience and
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื ืชื” ืœืงื”ืœ
19:17
described herself as the fair demoiselle
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ื•ืชื™ืืจื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื›ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืื•ื•ื”
19:19
with her red hair and her light steps and so forth,
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ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจื” ื”ืื“ื•ื ื•ืฆืขื“ื™ื” ื”ืงืœื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•',
19:25
and then she said, "And then puberty hit."
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื•ืื– ื”ื’ื™ืข ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช."
19:28
And she began to talk about things that had happened
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•
19:30
to her body and her face,
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ืœื’ื•ืคื” ื•ืœืคื ื™ื”,
19:32
and how she could no longer count on her beauty,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื•ืคื™ื”,
19:36
and her family then treated her like the ugly sister of the beautiful one
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ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืืœื™ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืขืจืช ืฉืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืคื”
19:43
for whom all the ballet lessons were given.
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ืฉืœื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืœื˜.
19:45
And she had to go along just to be with her sister for company,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ืื—ื•ืชื”,
19:50
and in that process, she made a number of decisions.
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ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
19:53
First of all, was that dance, even though
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ืฉื”ืจื™ืงื•ื“, ืœืžืจื•ืช
19:55
it hadn't been offered to her, was her life.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆืข ืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื”.
19:57
And secondly, she had better be,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™, ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื”,
19:59
although she did dance for a while, a choreographer
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืจืงื“ื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช, ื›ื•ืจืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
20:01
because then her looks didn't matter.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื– ืžืจืื” ืœื ื™ืฉื ื”.
20:04
But she was thrilled to get that out as a real, real fact in her life.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”.
20:11
It was an amazing privilege to do this series.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
20:16
There were other moments like that, very few moments of silence.
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ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืขื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”, ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืจื’ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืงื˜.
20:22
The key point was empathy
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ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคืชื— ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžืคื˜ื™ื”.
20:25
because everybody in their lives
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ื›ื™ ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
20:29
is really waiting for people to ask them questions,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื ืฉืืœื•ืช,
20:33
so that they can be truthful about who they are
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช,
20:35
and how they became what they are,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ื ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉื”ื,
20:38
and I commend that to you, even if you're not doing interviews.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืืชื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืืชื ืœื ืžืจืื™ื™ื ื™ื,
20:42
Just be that way with your friends
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ื›ืš ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื›ื.
20:44
and particularly the older members of your family.
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื›ื.
20:47
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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