Lian Pin Koh: A drone's-eye view of conservation

87,619 views ใƒป 2013-11-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: coral fr ืžื‘ืงืจ: Boaz Hovav
00:13
When we think of Nepal,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื ืคืืœ,
00:15
we tend to think of the snow-capped mountains
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ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื’
00:17
of the Himalayas,
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ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”,
00:19
the crystal-clear still waters of its alpine lakes,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืฆืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืžื™ื ื”ืืœืคื™ื ื™ื™ื,
00:22
or the huge expanse of its grasslands.
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื“ื•ืช.
00:25
What some of us may not realize
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ืžื” ืฉืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ
00:27
is that in the Himalayan foothills,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืžืจื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ื”ื”ื™ืžืœืื™ื”,
00:30
where the climate is much warmer
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ืฉื ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื
00:32
and the landscape much greener,
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ื•ื”ื ื•ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืจื•ืง,
00:34
there lives a great diversity of wildlife,
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ืฉื ื ืžืฆื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ,
00:36
including the one-horned rhinoceros,
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ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื ืฃ ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™,
00:39
the Asian elephant
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ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœ ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™
00:41
and the Bengal tiger.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื’ืจื™ืก ื”ื‘ื ื’ืืœื™.
00:43
But unfortunately, these animals
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
00:45
are under constant threat from poachers
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ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื
00:47
who hunt and kill them for their body parts.
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ืืฉืจ ืฆื“ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ ื’ื•ืคื.
00:51
To stop the killing of these animals,
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
00:53
battalions of soldiers and rangers
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ื’ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืคืงื—ื™ื
00:55
are sent to protect Nepal's national parks,
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ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืคืืจืงื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืคืืœ,
00:59
but that is not an easy task,
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ืืš ื–ื• ืœื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืงืœื”,
01:00
because these soldiers have to patrol
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืจ
01:03
thousands of hectares of forests on foot
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ื‘ืืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ
01:06
or elephant backs.
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ืื• ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœ.
01:08
It is also risky for these soldiers
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ื–ื” ื’ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
01:10
when they get into gunfights with poachers,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ืงืœืขื™ื ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืืฉ ืขื ื”ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื,
01:12
and therefore Nepal is always looking
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืคืืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉืช
01:14
for new ways to help with protecting the forests
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ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช
01:18
and wildlife.
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ื•ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ.
01:20
Well recently, Nepal acquired a new tool
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื ืคืืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ
01:22
in the fight against wildlife crime,
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ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื“ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ,
01:25
and these are drones,
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ืœืœื ื˜ื™ื™ืก (ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื),
01:27
or more specifically, conservation drones.
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ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกืคื™ืฆื™ืคื™, ืžื–ืœื˜"ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
01:30
For about a year now, my colleagues and I
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืื ื™
01:32
have been building drones for Nepal
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ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืžื–ืœื˜"ื™ื ืœื ืคืืœ
01:35
and training the park protection personnel
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ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืืจืงื™ื
01:37
on the use of these drones.
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ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื–ืœื˜"ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
01:39
Not only does a drone give you
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืš
01:41
a bird's-eye view of the landscape,
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ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืžืขื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ,
01:43
but it also allows you to capture detailed,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืœื›ื•ื“
01:46
high-resolution images of objects on the ground.
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
01:50
This, for example, is a pair of rhinoceros
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ืืœื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื”ื ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืงืจื ืคื™ื
01:54
taking a cooling bath on a hot summer day
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืžื‘ื˜ื™ื” ืžืจืขื ื ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงื™ืฅ ื—ื
01:57
in the lowlands of Nepal.
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ื‘ืฉืคืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคืืœ.
01:59
Now we believe that drones have
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ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื™ืฉ
02:01
tremendous potential,
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ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืื“ื™ืจ
02:03
not only for combating wildlife crime,
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ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื”ืจื’ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจ,
02:05
but also for monitoring the health
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
02:07
of these wildlife populations.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจ.
02:10
So what is a drone?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื–ืœ"ื˜?
02:12
Well, the kind of drone I'm talking about
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•
02:14
is simply a model aircraft
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ื™ืกืŸ ืžืžื•ื ืข
02:16
fitted with an autopilot system,
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ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™,
02:19
and this autopilot unit contains a tiny computer,
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ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื˜ื™ื™ืก ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื–ืขื™ืจ,
02:23
a GPS, a compass, a barometric altimeter
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ื’'ื™-ืคื™-ืืก, ืžืฆืคืŸ, ืžื“ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืžื˜ืจื™,
02:27
and a few other sensors.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
02:29
Now a drone like this
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ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื›ื–ื”
02:31
is meant to carry a useful payload,
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ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœืฉืืช ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™
02:33
such as a video camera
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ื›ืžื• ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•
02:35
or a photographic camera.
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ืื• ืžืฆืœืžืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
02:37
It also requires a software that allows the user
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ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ
02:40
to program a mission,
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ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื”,
02:42
to tell the drone where to go.
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ื•ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืœืืŸ ืœื˜ื•ืก.
02:44
Now people I talk to are often surprised
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื
02:46
when they hear that these are the only
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ืืจื‘ืขืช
02:49
four components that make a conservation drone,
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ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืœืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
02:52
but they are even more surprised
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื
02:53
when I tell them how affordable these components are.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
02:57
The facts is, a conservation drone
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ, ืฉืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
02:59
doesn't cost very much more than
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ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:01
a good laptop computer
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ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘
03:03
or a decent pair of binoculars.
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ืื• ืžืžืฉืงืคืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:07
So now that you've built your own conservation drone,
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ื›ืขืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ืชื ืืช ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื,
03:10
you probably want to go fly it,
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ืืชื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืชื•,
03:12
but how does one fly a drone?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืš ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืžื–ืœ"ื˜?
03:14
Well, actually, you don't,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื,
03:15
because the drone flies itself.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืžื˜ื™ืก ืืช ืขืฆืžื•.
03:18
All you have to do is to program a mission
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืฉื™ืžื”
03:21
to tell the drone where to fly.
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ืฉืชืืžืจ ืœืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืœืืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ืก.
03:23
But you simply do that by clicking on
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ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื—ื™ืฆื” ืขืœ
03:25
a few way points on the Google Maps interface
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ืžืกืคืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ืฉืœ ืžืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื’ืœ
03:29
using the open-source software.
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ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—.
03:31
Those missions could be as simple
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช
03:33
as just a few way points,
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ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ,
03:35
or they could be slightly longer and more complicated,
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ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื•ืช,
03:38
to fly along a river system.
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ื›ืžื• ืœื˜ื•ืก ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื ื”ืจ.
03:41
Sometimes, we fly the drone in a lawnmower-type pattern
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืื ื• ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ืกื•ื— ื“ืฉื
03:45
and take pictures of that area,
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ื•ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ,
03:47
and those pictures can be processed
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ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช
03:49
to produce a map of that forest.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ.
03:51
Other researchers might want to fly the drone
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ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜
03:54
along the boundaries of a forest
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ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ
03:56
to watch out for poachers or people
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื
03:58
who might be trying to enter the forest illegally.
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ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ืขืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™.
04:01
Now whatever your mission is,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžืชืš,
04:03
once you've programmed it,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืชื›ื ืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ,
04:05
you simply upload it to the autopilot system,
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ืืชื” ืžืขืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืก ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜,
04:08
bring your drone to the field,
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ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉืœืš ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืฉื“ื”,
04:09
and launch it simply by tossing it in the air.
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ื•ืžืฉื’ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ - ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ืจื™ืงื” ืฉืœื• ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
04:12
And often we'll go about this mission
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”
04:15
taking pictures or videos along the way,
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ื•ื ืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื• ืกืจื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš,
04:18
and usually at that point,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื”,
04:20
we will go grab ourselves a cup of coffee,
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ื ืœืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ื›ื•ืก ืงืคื”,
04:22
sit back, and relax for the next few minutes,
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ื ืฉื‘ ืœืื—ื•ืจ, ื•ื ื™ืจื’ืข ืœืžืฉืš ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
04:25
although some of us sit back and panic for the next few minutes
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืžื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื ืฉืขื ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ ื•ื ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช,
04:28
worrying that the drone will not return.
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ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืฉืžื” ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืœื ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
04:31
Usually it does, and when it does,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ,
04:33
it even lands automatically.
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ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื•ื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™.
04:36
So what can we do with a conservation drone?
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”?
04:39
Well, when we built our first prototype drone,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•,
04:43
our main objective was to fly it over
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืœ
04:45
a remote rainforest in North Sumatra, Indonesia,
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ื™ืขืจ ื’ืฉื ืžืจื•ื—ืง ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืกื•ืžื˜ืจื”, ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”,
04:49
to look for the nest of a species of great ape
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคื™ ืื“ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
04:52
known as the orangutan.
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ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืื•ืจื ื’ืื•ื˜ืŸ.
04:54
The reason we wanted to do that was because
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ
04:57
we needed to know how many individuals
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื
04:59
of this species are still left in that forest.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
05:02
Now the traditional method of surveying
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ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคื™ืจืช
05:05
for orangutans is to walk the forest on foot
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ื”ืื•ืจื ื’ืื•ื˜ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืขืจ
05:08
carrying heavy equipment
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ืชื•ืš ืกื—ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื“
05:10
and to use a pair of binoculars to look up in the treetops
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ื•ื”ืขื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืฆืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื
05:14
where you might find an orangutan or its nest.
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ืื™ืคื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืจื ื’ืื•ื˜ืŸ ืื• ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื ื’ืื•ื˜ืŸ.
05:17
Now as you can imagine,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ,
05:19
that is a very time-consuming, labor-intensive,
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ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืฆื•ืจื›ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ืขืชื™ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:22
and costly process,
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ื•ื™ืงืจื”.
05:23
so we were hoping that drones
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื
05:25
could significantly reduce the cost of surveying
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”
05:29
for orangutan populations in Indonesia
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ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”
05:31
and elsewhere in Southeast Asia.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
05:34
So we were very excited when we captured
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฆืœื
05:36
our first pair of orangutan nests on camera.
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ืืช ื–ื•ื’ ืงื™ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื”.
05:39
And this is it; this is the first ever picture
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื–ื”, ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื
05:42
of orangutan nests taken with a drone.
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ืฉืœ ืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ืžื–ืœ"ื˜.
05:45
Since then we have taken pictures
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ืžืื– ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
05:47
of dozens of these nests
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ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืงื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื•
05:49
from around various parts of Southeast Asia,
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ืžืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”,
05:52
and we're now working with computer scientists
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘
05:54
to develop algorithms that can automatically count
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื— ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™
05:58
the number of nests from the thousands
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ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื ื™ื ืžืืœืคื™ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
06:00
of photos we've collected so far.
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ืฉืืกืคื ื• ืขื“ ื›ื”.
06:03
But nests are not the only objects
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ืื‘ืœ ืงื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืœื ื”ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
06:05
these drones can detect.
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ืฉื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•.
06:07
This is a wild orangutan
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืจื ื’ื•ื˜ืŸ ืคืจืื™
06:09
happily feeding on top of a palm tree,
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืื” ืขืœ ืฆืžืจืช ืขืฅ ื“ืงืœ,
06:12
seemingly oblivious to our drone that was flying overhead,
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ื ืจืื” ืื“ื™ืฉ ืœืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื˜ืก ืžืขืœื™ื•,
06:15
not once but several times.
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ืœื ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืืœื ื›ืžื”.
06:18
We've also taken pictures of other animals
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื™ืœืžื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
06:21
including forest buffalos in Gabon,
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ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืืคื•ืœื•-ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืŸ,
06:24
elephants, and even turtle nests.
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ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื™ื ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ื.
06:27
But besides taking pictures of just the animals themselves,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆื“ ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื,
06:30
we also take pictures of the habitats these animals live in,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆืœืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช,
06:34
because we want to keep track
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘
06:36
of the health of these habitats.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
06:39
Sometimes, we zoom out a little
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื”
06:41
and look at other things that might be happening
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ื•ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ืช
06:44
in the landscape.
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ื‘ื ื•ืฃ.
06:45
This is an oil palm plantation in Sumatra.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื“ืงืœื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืกื•ืžื˜ืจื”.
06:48
Now oil palm is a major driver of deforestation
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ืฉืžืŸ ื“ืงืœื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื ื™ืข ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืœื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื
06:52
in that part of the world,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:53
so we wanted to use this new drone technology
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜
06:56
to keep track of the spread of these plantations
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ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
06:59
in Southeast Asia.
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
07:01
But drones could also be used to keep track of
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ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ
07:04
illegal logging activities.
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ื›ืจื™ืชืช ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช.
07:06
This is a recently logged forest,
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ื–ื”ื• ื™ืขืจ ืฉื ื›ืจืช ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
07:09
again in Sumatra.
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ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ืžื˜ืจื”.
07:10
You could even still see the processed
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขืฅ
07:12
wooden planks left on the ground.
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ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
07:16
But perhaps the most exciting part
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ืžืจื’ืฉ
07:18
about taking pictures from the air is
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ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื
07:21
we could later stitch these pictures together
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
07:23
using special software to create a map
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช, ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืคื”
07:26
of the entire landscape, and this map
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ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
07:29
gives us crucial information
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ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื•ื ื™
07:31
for monitoring land use change,
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ืœืฉื ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข,
07:33
to let us know where and when plantations might be expanding,
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื•ืžืชื™ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื,
07:37
where forests might be contracting,
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ื•ืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžื™ื,
07:39
or where fires might be breaking out.
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ืื• ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืฉืจื™ืคื”.
07:42
Aerial images could also be processed
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“
07:45
to produce three-dimensional
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืกืคืง ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื
07:47
computer models of forests.
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ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
07:49
Now these models are not just visually appealing,
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ื”ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืจืง ื™ืคื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
07:52
but they are also geometrically accurate,
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ื”ื ื’ื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช,
07:54
which means researchers can now measure
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ื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืขืชื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“
07:57
the distance between trees,
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ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื™ื,
07:59
calculate surface area, the volume of vegetation,
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ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื ืคื— ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื™ื”,
08:02
and so on, all of which are important information
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ื•ื›ื•', ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
08:06
for monitoring the health of these forests.
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ืœื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืจื•ืช ืืœื•.
08:09
Recently, we've also begun experimenting
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช
08:11
with thermal imaging cameras.
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ืขื ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื” ืชืจืžื™ืช.
08:13
Now these cameras can detect
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ื”ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืœื•ืช
08:15
heat-emitting objects from the ground,
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ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ ื—ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข,
08:17
and therefore they are very useful for detecting poachers or their campfires at night.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฆื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.
08:25
So I've told you quite a lot about
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ืื– ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ
08:27
what conservation drones are,
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ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ,
08:29
how you might operate one of these drones,
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ืื™ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืฉื›ื–ื”,
08:31
and what a drone could do for you.
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
08:33
I will now tell you where conservation drones
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื–"ืœื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ
08:35
are being used around the world.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
08:38
We built our first prototype drones in Switzerland.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ.
08:41
We brought a few of these to Indonesia
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ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ืœืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”
08:43
for the first few test flights.
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ืœื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืกื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
08:45
Since then, we've been building drones
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ืžืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื
08:47
for our collaborators from around the world,
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ืœืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
08:50
and these include fellow biologists
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ื•ืืœื• ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืžื™ืชื™ื,
08:52
and partners from major conservation organizations.
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ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืžืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื.
08:56
Perhaps the best and most rewarding part
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืชื’ืžืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:58
about working with these collaborators
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
09:00
is the feedback they give us
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื“ื‘ืง ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื ื•
09:02
on how to improve our drones.
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
09:04
Building drones for us is
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื
09:06
a constant work in progress.
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืชืžื™ื“.
09:09
We are constantly trying to improve them in terms of
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ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืื•ืชื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช
09:12
their range, their ruggedness,
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ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืงืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
09:14
and the amount of payload they can carry.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืช.
09:17
We also work with collaborators
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื’ื ื›ื“ื™
09:19
to discover new ways of using these drones.
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ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
09:22
For example, camera traps are a common tool
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื ืคื•ืฅ
09:26
used by biologists to take pictures of shy animals
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื
09:30
hiding in the forests,
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ื”ืžืชื—ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช.
09:31
but these are motion-activated cameras,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”,
09:33
so they snap a picture every time an animal
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ื”ืŸ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื—ื™ื”
09:36
crosses their path.
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ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžื•ืœืŸ.
09:38
But the problem with camera traps
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ืžืœื›ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆืœืžื”
09:39
is that the researcher has to go back to the forest
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืืœ ื”ื™ืขืจ
09:43
every so often to retrieve those images,
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ื›ืœ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช,
09:46
and that takes a lot of time,
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ื•ื–ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ,
09:48
especially if there are dozens
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืขืฉืจื•ืช
09:50
or hundreds of these cameras placed in the forest.
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ืื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืจ.
09:53
Now a drone could be designed to perform the task
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ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”
09:56
much more efficiently.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
09:58
This drone, carrying a special sensor,
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ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืฉืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
10:00
could be flown over the forest
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืœ ืœื™ืขืจ
10:03
and remotely download these images
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ื•ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
10:05
from wi-fiโ€“enabled cameras.
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ืžื”ืชืงืŸ ื•ื•ื™-ืคื™ื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช.
10:10
Radio collars are another tool
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ืงื•ืœืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ
10:12
that's commonly used by biologists.
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ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืืฆืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
10:14
Now these collars are put onto animals.
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ื”ืงื•ืœืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืžื•ืœื‘ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช.
10:17
They transmit a radio signal which allows
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ื”ื ืžืฉื“ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื
10:19
the researcher to track the movements of these animals across the landscape.
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ืœื—ื•ืงืจ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
10:25
But the traditional way of tracking animals
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจืš ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
10:27
is pretty ridiculous,
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ื”ื™ื ืžืขื˜ ืžื’ื•ื—ื›ืช,
10:29
because it requires the researcher to be walking
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ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ืœืœื›ืช
10:32
on the ground carrying a huge and cumbersome radio antenna,
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ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืกื•ื—ื‘ ืื ื˜ื ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ืขื ืงื™ืช ื•ืžืกื•ืจื‘ืœืช,
10:36
not unlike those old TV antennae we used to have
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื
10:39
on our rooftops. Some of us still do.
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ืขืœ ื’ื’ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื›ืžื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ.
10:42
A drone could be used to do the same job
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ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
10:45
much more efficiently.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ.
10:46
Why not equip a drone
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ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืžื–ืœ"ื˜
10:48
with a scanning radio receiver,
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ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ ืจื“ื™ื•,
10:50
fly that over the forest canopy
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ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื™ื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืช ื”ื™ืขืจ
10:52
in a certain pattern
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ื‘ื“ืคื•ืก ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื
10:53
which would allow the user or the operator
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ืืฉืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืื• ืœืžืคืขื™ืœ
10:56
to triangulate the location
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ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืžื
10:59
of these radio-collared animals remotely
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื ื“ื™ื ืืช ืงื•ืœืจ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ืžืจื—ื•ืง
11:02
without having to step foot in the forest.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ืขืจ.
11:05
A third and perhaps most exciting way
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ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืจืชืงืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
11:07
of using these drones
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
11:09
is to fly them to a really remote,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“,
11:12
never-explored-before rainforest
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ื™ืขืจ ื’ืฉื ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื—ืงืจ
11:14
somewhere hidden in the tropics,
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ืื™-ืฉื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื,
11:16
and parachute down a tiny spy microphone
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื ื™ื— ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื•ืŸ ืžืจื’ืœื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจ
11:20
that would allow us to eavesdrop on the calls
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ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืฆื•ืชืช ืœืงืจื™ืื•ืช
11:22
of mammals, birds, amphibians,
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ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื“ื•-ื—ื™ื™ื,
11:26
the Yeti, the Sasquatch, Bigfoot, whatever.
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ื”ื™ื™ื˜ื™, ืกืืกืงื•ืืฅ', ื‘ื™ื’ืคื•ื˜ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.
11:30
That would give us biologists
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื•, ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
11:32
a pretty good idea of what animals
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ืžื•ืฉื’ ื“ื™ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื•ืช
11:33
might be living in those forests.
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ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
11:36
And finally, I would like to show you
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ื•ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืืจืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื
11:38
the latest version of our conservation drone.
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ืืช ื”ื’ืจืกื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:41
The MAJA drone has a wingspan
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ืœืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ืžืื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื˜ืช ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื
11:43
of about two meters.
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ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
11:45
It weighs only about two kilograms,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืงืœ ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื ืœืขืจืš,
11:47
but it can carry half its weight.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ื—ืฆื™ ืžืžืฉืงืœื•.
11:49
It is a fully autonomous system.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
11:52
During its mission, it can even transmit
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฉื™ืžืชื•, ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฉื“ืจ
11:54
a live video feed back to a ground station laptop,
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ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื™ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข,
11:58
which allows the user
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ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ
12:00
to see what the drone is seeing in real time.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช.
12:03
It carries a variety of sensors,
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื,
12:05
and the photo quality of some of these sensors
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ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื•
12:08
can be as high as one to two centimeters per pixel.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ 1 - 2 ืกื ื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจ ืœืคื™ืงืกืœ.
12:12
This drone can stay in the air for 40 to 60 minutes,
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ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืš 40 ืขื“ 60 ื“ืงื•ืช,
12:15
which gives it a range of up to 50 kilometers.
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ืžื” ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื• ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืขื“ 50 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื.
12:19
That is quite sufficient for most
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘
12:20
of our conservation applications.
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ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•.
12:23
Now, conservation drones began as
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ื›ืขืช, ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื• ื›ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
12:26
a crazy idea from two biologists
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ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื
12:28
who are just deeply passionate about this technology.
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ืฉืžืžืฉ ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื• ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•.
12:31
And we believe, strongly believe,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“,
12:33
that drones can and will be a game changer
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ืฉืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง
12:37
for conservation research and applications.
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ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
12:40
We've had our fair share of skeptics and critics
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื•ืกืคืงื ื™ื
12:43
who thought that we were just fooling around with toy planes.
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ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ืฆืขืฆื•ืข.
12:46
And in a way, they are right.
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืฆื“ืงื•.
12:48
I mean, let's be honest,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื™ื,
12:49
drones are the ultimate toys for boys.
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ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื™ื.
12:53
But at the same time, we've also gotten to know
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ, ื ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ
12:55
many wonderful colleagues and collaborators
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ืขืžื™ืชื™ื
12:58
who share our vision
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ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœื ื•
12:59
and see the potential of conservation drones.
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ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
13:02
To us, it is obvious that conservation biologists
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ืœื ื•, ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
13:06
and practitioners should make full use
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ื•ืคืงื—ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืœื
13:08
of every available tool, including drones,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ื–ืžื™ืŸ, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ื™ื,
13:11
in our fight to save the last remaining forests
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ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื—ื“ื™ื
13:14
and wildlife of this planet.
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ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
13:16
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
13:18
(Applause)
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ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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