Shape-shifting tech will change work as we know it | Sean Follmer

239,317 views ใƒป 2016-03-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Zeeva Livshitz
00:12
We've evolved with tools, and tools have evolved with us.
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ืขื ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ืื™ืชื ื•.
00:16
Our ancestors created these hand axes 1.5 million years ago,
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ืื‘ื•ืชื ื• ื™ืฆืจื• ืืช ื’ืจื–ื ื™ ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืืœื• ืœืคื ื™ 1.5 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื”,
00:21
shaping them to not only fit the task at hand
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ื•ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ืื•ืชื ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ืžื”
00:24
but also their hand.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
00:26
However, over the years,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื,
00:28
tools have become more and more specialized.
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ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื.
00:31
These sculpting tools have evolved through their use,
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ื›ืœื™ ื”ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืืœื• ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื,
00:35
and each one has a different form which matches its function.
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื•.
00:38
And they leverage the dexterity of our hands
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ื•ื”ื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
00:41
in order to manipulate things with much more precision.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ื“ื™ื•ืง ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”.
00:45
But as tools have become more and more complex,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื›ืœื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื,
00:48
we need more complex controls to control them.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื.
00:52
And so designers have become very adept at creating interfaces
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื
00:57
that allow you to manipulate parameters while you're attending to other things,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื›ื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
01:00
such as taking a photograph and changing the focus
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ื›ืžื• ืœืฆืœื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก
01:03
or the aperture.
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ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—.
01:05
But the computer has fundamentally changed the way we think about tools
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื
01:10
because computation is dynamic.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™.
01:12
So it can do a million different things
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
01:14
and run a million different applications.
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ื•ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:17
However, computers have the same static physical form
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื ื” ืคื™ื–ื™
01:20
for all of these different applications
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช
01:22
and the same static interface elements as well.
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ื•ืื•ืชื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ืกื˜ื˜ื™ื™ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
01:25
And I believe that this is fundamentally a problem,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช,
01:28
because it doesn't really allow us to interact with our hands
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:31
and capture the rich dexterity that we have in our bodies.
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ื•ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.
01:36
And my belief is that, then, we must need new types of interfaces
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื–, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื
01:40
that can capture these rich abilities that we have
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
01:44
and that can physically adapt to us
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ื•ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืืœื™ื ื•
01:46
and allow us to interact in new ways.
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
01:49
And so that's what I've been doing at the MIT Media Lab
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ MIT
01:51
and now at Stanford.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืกื˜ืื ืคื•ืจื“.
01:53
So with my colleagues, Daniel Leithinger and Hiroshi Ishii,
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ืื– ืขื ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื™, ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ืจ ื•ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ ืื™ืฉื™,
01:57
we created inFORM,
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช inFORM,
01:58
where the interface can actually come off the screen
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ื‘ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžืกืš
02:01
and you can physically manipulate it.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
02:03
Or you can visualize 3D information physically
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช
02:06
and touch it and feel it to understand it in new ways.
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ื•ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
02:15
Or you can interact through gestures and direct deformations
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื™ื
02:19
to sculpt digital clay.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืกืœ ื—ื™ืžืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
02:26
Or interface elements can arise out of the surface
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ืื• ืฉืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ืžืžืฉืง ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—
02:29
and change on demand.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”.
02:30
And the idea is that for each individual application,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”,
02:33
the physical form can be matched to the application.
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ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื”.
02:37
And I believe this represents a new way
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”
02:39
that we can interact with information,
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ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืข,
02:41
by making it physical.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืคื™ื–ื™.
02:43
So the question is, how can we use this?
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ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”?
02:45
Traditionally, urban planners and architects build physical models
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ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช, ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื
02:49
of cities and buildings to better understand them.
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ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:52
So with Tony Tang at the Media Lab, we created an interface built on inFORM
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ืื– ืขื ื˜ื•ื ื™ ื˜ืื ื’ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืžืžืฉืง ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ inFORM
02:56
to allow urban planners to design and view entire cities.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื•ืช.
03:01
And now you can walk around it, but it's dynamic, it's physical,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื™ื ืžื™, ื–ื” ืคื™ื–ื™,
03:05
and you can also interact directly.
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
03:07
Or you can look at different views,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:09
such as population or traffic information,
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ื›ืžื• ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื ื•ืขื”,
03:12
but it's made physical.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
03:14
We also believe that these dynamic shape displays can really change
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช
03:18
the ways that we remotely collaborate with people.
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืคื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื.
03:21
So when we're working together in person,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืคื ื™ื ืืœ ืคื ื™ื
03:24
I'm not only looking at your face
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืง ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
03:25
but I'm also gesturing and manipulating objects,
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ืืœื ืื ื™ ืžื—ื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืฉื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ื,
03:28
and that's really hard to do when you're using tools like Skype.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกืงื™ื™ืค.
03:33
And so using inFORM, you can reach out from the screen
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ inFORM, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืกืš
03:36
and manipulate things at a distance.
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ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง.
03:39
So we used the pins of the display to represent people's hands,
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืคื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
03:42
allowing them to actually touch and manipulate objects at a distance.
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ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื’ืขืช ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ืžืžืจื—ืง.
03:50
And you can also manipulate and collaborate on 3D data sets as well,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืกื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™,
03:54
so you can gesture around them as well as manipulate them.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื.
03:58
And that allows people to collaborate on these new types of 3D information
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืชืœืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:02
in a richer way than might be possible with traditional tools.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืขืฉื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืขื ื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.
04:07
And so you can also bring in existing objects,
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ื•ื›ืš ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
04:10
and those will be captured on one side and transmitted to the other.
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ื•ืืœื” ื™ื™ืœื›ื“ื• ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ืฉื•ื“ืจื• ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
04:13
Or you can have an object that's linked between two places,
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ืื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืขืฆื ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช,
04:16
so as I move a ball on one side,
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“,
04:18
the ball moves on the other as well.
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ื•ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื™ื ื•ืข ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
04:22
And so we do this by capturing the remote user
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ื•ื›ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื›ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ืžืจื•ื—ืง
04:25
using a depth-sensing camera like a Microsoft Kinect.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืžืง ื›ืžื• ืžื™ื™ืงืจื•ืกื•ืคื˜ ืงื™ื ืงื˜.
04:28
Now, you might be wondering how does this all work,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“,
04:31
and essentially, what it is, is 900 linear actuators
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื–ื”, ื–ื” 900 ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื
04:35
that are connected to these mechanical linkages
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ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ืื ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:37
that allow motion down here to be propagated in these pins above.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ืœืคื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืขืœ.
04:41
So it's not that complex compared to what's going on at CERN,
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ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื–ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื‘ CERN,
04:45
but it did take a long time for us to build it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
04:47
And so we started with a single motor,
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื•ื“ื“,
04:49
a single linear actuator,
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ืžื ื™ืข ืœื™ื ืืจื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“,
04:51
and then we had to design a custom circuit board to control them.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžืขื’ืœ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ื.
04:55
And then we had to make a lot of them.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื.
04:57
And so the problem with having 900 of something
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื• 900 ืžืžืฉื”ื•
05:00
is that you have to do every step 900 times.
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ื–ื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ 900 ืคืขืžื™ื.
05:03
And so that meant that we had a lot of work to do.
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
05:06
So we sort of set up a mini-sweatshop in the Media Lab
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžื ื• ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื“ื ืช ื™ื–ืข ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”
05:09
and brought undergrads in and convinced them to do "research" --
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ื•ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืฉื™ื›ื ืขื ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช "ืžื—ืงืจ" --
05:13
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:14
and had late nights watching movies, eating pizza
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ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื›ืฉืฆืคื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื, ืื›ืœื ื• ืคื™ืฆื”
05:17
and screwing in thousands of screws.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืจื’ื ื• ืืœืคื™ ื‘ืจื’ื™ื.
05:19
You know -- research.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื -- ืžื—ืงืจ.
05:20
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:22
But anyway, I think that we were really excited by the things
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื ื• ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
05:25
that inFORM allowed us to do.
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ืฉ inFORM ืืคืฉืจื” ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
05:27
Increasingly, we're using mobile devices, and we interact on the go.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš.
05:31
But mobile devices, just like computers,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื,
05:34
are used for so many different applications.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
05:36
So you use them to talk on the phone,
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ืื– ืืชื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
05:38
to surf the web, to play games, to take pictures
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื, ืœืฆืœื
05:41
or even a million different things.
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
05:43
But again, they have the same static physical form
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื•ื‘, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืฆื•ืจื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืช
05:46
for each of these applications.
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ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
05:48
And so we wanted to know how can we take some of the same interactions
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ื•ื›ืš ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช
05:52
that we developed for inFORM
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ inFORM
05:53
and bring them to mobile devices.
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ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื.
05:56
So at Stanford, we created this haptic edge display,
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ืื– ื‘ืกื˜ืื ืคื•ืจื“, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ืžืกืš ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ื”ืืคื˜ื™,
06:00
which is a mobile device with an array of linear actuators
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืขื ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื
06:03
that can change shape,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื”,
06:04
so you can feel in your hand where you are as you're reading a book.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ื›ืฉืืชื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืกืคืจ.
06:09
Or you can feel in your pocket new types of tactile sensations
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืก ืฉืœื›ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืœื™ื•ืช
06:12
that are richer than the vibration.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช.
06:14
Or buttons can emerge from the side that allow you to interact
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ืื• ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื”ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ
06:17
where you want them to be.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื•.
06:21
Or you can play games and have actual buttons.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ื›ืคืชื•ืจื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื.
06:25
And so we were able to do this
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
06:27
by embedding 40 small, tiny linear actuators inside the device,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช 40 ืžื ื•ืขื™ื ืœื™ื ืืจื™ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
06:32
and that allow you not only to touch them
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื”ื
06:34
but also back-drive them as well.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืื•ืชื ื—ื–ืจื”.
06:36
But we've also looked at other ways to create more complex shape change.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:41
So we've used pneumatic actuation to create a morphing device
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ืื– ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ืคื ืื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืฆื•ืจื”
06:44
where you can go from something that looks a lot like a phone ...
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ื‘ื• ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืจืื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ...
06:48
to a wristband on the go.
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ืœืฆืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื”.
06:51
And so together with Ken Nakagaki at the Media Lab,
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืงืŸ ื ืงื’ืงื™ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื”,
06:54
we created this new high-resolution version
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื‘ืจื–ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
06:57
that uses an array of servomotors to change from interactive wristband
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืกืจื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฆืžื™ื“ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
07:03
to a touch-input device
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ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืงืœื˜ ืžื’ืข
07:06
to a phone.
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ืœื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
07:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:10
And we're also interested in looking at ways
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื
07:12
that users can actually deform the interfaces
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ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืขื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื
07:14
to shape them into the devices that they want to use.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ.
07:17
So you can make something like a game controller,
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ืื– ืืชื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ื‘ืงืจ ืžืฉื—ืง,
07:20
and then the system will understand what shape it's in
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื
07:22
and change to that mode.
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ื•ืชืฉืชื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื”.
07:26
So, where does this point?
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ืื– ืื™ืคื” ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•?
07:27
How do we move forward from here?
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžืคื”?
07:29
I think, really, where we are today
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื‘ืืžืช, ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื
07:32
is in this new age of the Internet of Things,
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
07:34
where we have computers everywhere --
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ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื --
07:36
they're in our pockets, they're in our walls,
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ื”ื ื‘ื›ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
07:38
they're in almost every device that you'll buy in the next five years.
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ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืืชื ืชืงื ื• ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
07:42
But what if we stopped thinking about devices
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื
07:45
and think instead about environments?
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช?
07:47
And so how can we have smart furniture
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ื•ื›ืš ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืจื”ื™ื˜ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
07:50
or smart rooms or smart environments
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ืื• ื—ื“ืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช
07:53
or cities that can adapt to us physically,
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ืื• ืขืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืืœื™ื ื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
07:56
and allow us to do new ways of collaborating with people
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื
08:01
and doing new types of tasks?
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช?
08:03
So for the Milan Design Week, we created TRANSFORM,
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ืื– ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืœื ื•, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืืช TRANSFORM,
08:06
which is an interactive table-scale version of these shape displays,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืจืกื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
08:10
which can move physical objects on the surface; for example,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืขืฆืžื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
08:13
reminding you to take your keys.
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ืฉืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช.
08:16
But it can also transform to fit different ways of interacting.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”.
08:20
So if you want to work,
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ืื– ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“,
08:21
then it can change to sort of set up your work system.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
08:24
And so as you bring a device over,
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ื•ื›ืš ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
08:26
it creates all the affordances you need
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
08:29
and brings other objects to help you accomplish those goals.
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
08:37
So, in conclusion,
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ืื–, ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื,
08:38
I really think that we need to think about a new, fundamentally different way
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช
08:42
of interacting with computers.
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ืœืชืงืฉืจ ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื.
08:45
We need computers that can physically adapt to us
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืืœื™ื ื•
08:48
and adapt to the ways that we want to use them
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ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื
08:51
and really harness the rich dexterity that we have of our hands,
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœืจืชื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
08:55
and our ability to think spatially about information by making it physical.
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืคื™ื–ื™.
09:00
But looking forward, I think we need to go beyond this, beyond devices,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”, ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื,
09:04
to really think about new ways that we can bring people together,
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื,
09:08
and bring our information into the world,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื,
09:11
and think about smart environments that can adapt to us physically.
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืœื ื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
09:15
So with that, I will leave you.
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ืื– ืขื ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืชื›ื.
09:16
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
09:17
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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