A global pandemic calls for global solutions | Larry Brilliant

66,678 views ใƒป 2020-05-11

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Michal Shargil Ben Sira
00:12
Helen Walters: So, Chris, who's up first?
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ื”ืœืŸ ื•ื•ืœื˜ืจืก: ืื– ื›ืจื™ืก, ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ?
00:15
Chris Anderson: Well, we have a man who's worried about pandemics
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื“ื ืฉืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืžื’ืคื•ืช
00:18
pretty much his whole life.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืจื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื•.
00:20
He played an absolutely key role, more than 40 years ago,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ืง ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข, ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”,
00:23
in helping the world get rid of the scourge of smallpox.
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ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžืื™ืžืช ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
00:27
And in 2006,
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ื•ื‘-2006,
00:29
he came to TED to warn the world
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœ-TED ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
00:32
of the dire risk of a global pandemic,
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ืžื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช,
00:36
and what we might do about it.
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ื•ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื”.
00:38
So please welcome here Dr. Larry Brilliant.
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื“"ืจ ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜.
00:42
Larry, so good to see you.
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ืœืืจื™, ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš.
00:43
Larry Brilliant: Thank you, nice to see you.
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ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชืš.
00:46
CA: Larry, in that talk,
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ื›"ื: ืœืืจื™, ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื”ื™ื,
00:49
you showed a video clip that was a simulation
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ื”ืจืื™ืช ืงื˜ืข ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”
00:51
of what a pandemic might look like.
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžื’ืคื”.
00:54
I would like to play it -- this gave me chills.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• -- ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื™ ืฆืžืจืžื•ืจื•ืช.
00:57
Larry Brilliant (TED2006): Let me show you a simulation
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ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜ (TED 2006): ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื”
01:01
of what a pandemic looks like,
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ืžื’ืคื”
01:04
so we know what we're talking about.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
01:07
Let's assume, for example, that the first case occurs in South Asia.
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ื‘ื ื ื ื™ื—, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืฉื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื”.
01:12
It initially goes quite slowly,
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ื–ื” ืžืชืงื“ื ื“ื™ ืœืื˜ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
01:14
you get two or three discrete locations.
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ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืงื˜ื™ื.
01:18
Then there will be secondary outbreaks.
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ืื– ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
01:21
And the disease will spread from country to country so fast
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ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืชืชืคืฉื˜ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืจ
01:25
that you won't know what hit you.
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ืฉืœื ืชื“ืขื• ืžื” ื”ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ื.
01:28
Within three weeks, it will be everywhere in the world.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
01:32
Now if we had an undo button,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื›ืคืชื•ืจ "ื‘ื˜ืœ",
01:34
and we could go back
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื•ืจื”
01:36
and isolate it and grab it when it first started,
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ื•ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื” ื•ืœืชืคื•ืก ืื•ืชื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืง ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
01:39
if we could find it early and we had early detection
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื
01:42
and early response,
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ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช,
01:43
and we could put each one of those viruses in jail,
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื,
01:47
that's the only way to deal with something like a pandemic.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืžื’ืคื”.
01:54
CA: Larry, that phrase you mentioned there,
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ื›"ื: ืœืืจื™, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืฉื,
01:56
"early detection," "early response,"
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"ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื - ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช",
01:58
that was a key theme of that talk,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ื”ื”ื™ื,
02:00
you made us all repeat it several times.
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ื”ื›ืจื—ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื.
02:03
Is that still the key to preventing a pandemic?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื’ืคื”?
02:08
LB: Oh, surely.
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ืœ"ื‘: ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™.
02:10
You know, when you have a pandemic,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื’ืคื”,
02:12
something moving at exponential speed,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื ื™ืข ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™,
02:16
if you miss the first two weeks, if you're late the first two weeks,
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ืื ืืชื” ืžืคืกืคืก ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื ืืชื” ืžืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
02:20
it's not the deaths and the illness from the first two weeks you lose,
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ืืœื” ืœื ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื” ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืžืคืกืคืก.
02:23
it's the two weeks at the peak.
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ืืœื” ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื.
02:25
Those are prevented if you act early.
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ืืœื” ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
02:29
Early response is critical,
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช,
02:32
early detection is a condition precedent.
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ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื.
02:36
CA: And how would you grade the world
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ื›"ื: ื•ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื
02:37
on its early detection, early response to COVID-19?
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ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืงื•ืจื•ื ื”?
02:42
LB: Of course, you gave me this question earlier,
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ืœ"ื‘: ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืฉื ืชืช ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:45
so I've been thinking a lot about it.
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ืื– ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”.
02:47
I think I would go through the countries,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
02:49
and I've actually made a list.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื”.
02:50
I think the island republics of Taiwan, Iceland and certainly New Zealand
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืื™ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ, ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื ื™ื• ื–ื™ืœื ื“
02:56
would get an A.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช 100.
02:58
The island republic of the UK and the United States --
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ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืช ื”ืื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ื•ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช -
03:01
which is not an island, no matter how much we may think we are --
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ืฉืื™ื ื” ืื™, ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืžื” ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื™ --
03:05
would get a failing grade.
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ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ืฉืœ.
03:07
I'd give a B to South Korea and to Germany.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ 90 ืœื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื” ื•ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
03:12
And in between ...
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ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื -
03:13
So it's a very heterogeneous response, I think.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ืช, ืœื“ืขืชื™.
03:17
The world as a whole is faltering.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื›ืœืœ ืžืงืจื˜ืข.
03:19
We shouldn't be proud of what's happening right now.
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ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
03:24
CA: I mean, we got the detection pretty early,
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ื›"ื: ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
03:27
or at least some doctors in China got the detection pretty early.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืืชืจ ื“ื™ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
03:33
LB: Earlier than the 2002 SARS, which took six months.
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ืœ"ื‘: ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื’ืคืช ื”ืกืืจืก ื‘-2002, ืฉืœืงื— ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
03:36
This took about six weeks.
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ื”ืคืขื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื›ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
03:39
And detection means not only finding it,
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ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื™ืืชื•,
03:41
but knowing what it is.
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ืืœื ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื–ื”.
03:42
So I would give us a pretty good score on that.
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ืื–, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
03:46
The transparency, the communication -- those are other issues.
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ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช -- ืืœื” ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:51
CA: So what was the key mistake
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจืขืช
03:54
that you think the countries you gave an F to made?
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ืฉืขืฉื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื ืชืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ื›ืฉืœ, ืœื“ืขืชืš?
03:58
LB: I think fear,
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ืœ"ื‘: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืคื—ื“,
04:00
political incompetence, interference,
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ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืกื•ื’ืœื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช,
04:04
not taking it seriously soon enough --
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื•ืงื“ื --
04:07
it's pretty human.
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ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืื ื•ืฉื™.
04:09
I think throughout history,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
04:10
pretty much every pandemic is first viewed with denial and doubt.
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ื›ืœ ืžื’ืคื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื•ืคืงืคื•ืง.
04:15
But those countries that acted quickly,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช,
04:17
and even those who started slow, like South Korea,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืœื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืื˜, ื›ืžื• ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
04:20
they could still make up for it, and they did really well.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื—ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“.
04:24
We've had two months that we've lost.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืกื“ื ื•.
04:27
We've given a virus that moves exponentially
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ื ืชื ื• ืœื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื ืข ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™
04:31
a two-month head start.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื.
04:32
That's not a good idea, Chris.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื›ืจื™ืก.
04:35
CA: No, indeed.
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ื›"ื: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื.
04:36
I mean, there's so much puzzling information still out there
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘
04:39
about this virus.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื–ื”.
04:41
What do you think the scientific consensus is going to likely end up being
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ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงื•ื ืฆื ื–ื•ืก ื”ืžื“ืขื™
04:45
on, like, the two key numbers
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื
04:47
of its infectiousness and its fatality rate?
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœื•?
04:52
LB: So I think the kind of equation to keep in mind
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ืœ"ื‘: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
04:56
is that the virus moves dependent on three major issues.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื ืข ื•ืชืœื•ื™ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื.
05:00
One is the R0,
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”-R0,
05:02
the first number of secondary cases that there are when the virus emerges.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฆืฅ.
05:06
In this case,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
05:08
people talk about it being 2.2, 2.4.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” 2.2, 2.4.
05:12
But a really important paper three weeks ago,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืืžืจ ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
05:14
in the "Emerging Infectious Diseases" journal came out,
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ืฉื™ืฆื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "Emerging Infectious Diseases" (ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช),
05:19
suggesting that looking back on the Wuhan data,
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ื”ืฆื™ืข ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื•ื”ืืŸ,
05:22
it's really 5.7.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช 5.7.
05:24
So for argument's sake,
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ืื– ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ,
05:25
let's say that the virus is moving at exponential speed
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ื‘ื ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื ืข ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืืงืกืคื•ื ื ืฆื™ืืœื™
05:28
and the exponent is somewhere between 2.2 and 5.7.
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ืคืฉื”ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 2.2 ื•-5.7.
05:32
The other two factors that matter
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื•
05:34
are the incubation period or the generation time.
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ื”ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ืจื” ืื• ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื•ืจ.
05:37
The longer that is,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืจื•ื›ื™ื,
05:38
the slower the pandemic appears to us.
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ื›ืš ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื˜ื™ืช.
05:41
When it's really short, like six days, it moves like lightning.
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ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฆืจ, ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื–ื” ื–ื– ื›ืžื• ืžื›ืช ื‘ืจืง.
05:45
And then the last, and the most important --
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ื•ืื– ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ --
05:47
and it's often overlooked --
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ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืชืขืœืžื™ื ืžืžื ื• --
05:48
is the density of susceptibles.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื“ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช.
05:50
This is a novel virus,
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ื–ื”ื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื—ื“ืฉ,
05:52
so we want to know how many customers could it potentially have.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™.
05:56
And as it's novel, that's eight billion of us.
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ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ 8 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
05:59
The world is facing a virus
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก
06:01
that looks at all of us like equally susceptible.
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ืฉืจื•ืื” ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื›ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื”.
06:04
Doesn't matter our color, our race,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืฆื‘ืข ืขื•ืจื ื•, ื”ื’ื–ืข ืฉืœื ื•,
06:06
or how wealthy we are.
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ืื• ื›ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื.
06:09
CA: I mean, none of the numbers that you've mentioned so far
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ื›"ื: ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจืช ืขื“ ื›ื”
06:12
are in themselves different from any other infections in recent years.
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ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
06:17
What is the combination that has made this so deadly?
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ืžื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืคืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ืœึพื›ืš ืงื˜ืœื ื™?
06:21
LB: Well, it is exactly the combination
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ืœ"ื‘: ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘
06:23
of the short incubation period and the high transmissibility.
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ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื’ื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ื•ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
06:27
But you know, everybody on this call has known somebody who has the disease.
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื”.
06:33
Sadly, many have lost a loved one.
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
06:37
This is a terrible disease when it is serious.
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžื—ืœื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื”.
06:40
And I get calls from doctors in emergency rooms
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
06:43
and treating people in ICUs all over the world,
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ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืžืจืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:47
and they all say the same thing:
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ื•ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ:
06:49
"How do I choose who is going to live and who is going to die?
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"ืื™ืš ืื ื™ ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ ื™ืžื•ืช?
06:53
I have so few tools to deal with."
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“".
06:56
It's a terrifying disease,
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ื–ืืช ืžื—ืœื” ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”,
06:58
to die alone with a ventilator in your lungs,
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ืœืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืจื™ืื•ืช,
07:02
and it's a disease that affects all of our organs.
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ื•ื–ืืช ืžื—ืœื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
07:05
It's a respiratory disease --
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ื–ืืช ืžื—ืœืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” --
07:07
perhaps misleading.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื”,
07:08
Makes you think of a flu.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืš ืœื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืขื ืฉืคืขืช,
07:10
But so many of the patients have blood in their urine
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื“ื ื‘ืฉืชืŸ
07:12
from kidney disease,
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ืžืžื—ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
07:14
they have gastroenteritis,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ืกื˜ืจื•ืื ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื™ืก (ื“ืœืงืช ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื),
07:15
they certainly have heart failure very often,
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ื”ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื™ ืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
07:18
we know that it affects taste and smell, the olfactory nerves,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ื”ืจื™ื—, ืขืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ื—.
07:22
we know, of course, about the lung.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืื•ืช.
07:25
The question I have:
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื:
07:26
is there any organ that it does not affect?
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื•?
07:29
And in that sense,
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ื•ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื–ื”,
07:31
it reminds me all too much of smallpox.
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ื–ื” ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
07:37
CA: So we're in a mess.
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ื›"ื: ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช.
07:38
What's the way forward from here?
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ืžื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืžื›ืืŸ?
07:41
LB: Well, the way forward is still the same.
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ืœ"ื‘: ื”ื“ืจืš ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
07:43
Rapid detection,
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ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ,
07:45
rapid response.
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ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”.
07:46
Finding every case,
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ืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”
07:48
and then figuring out all the contacts.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื.
07:51
We've got great new technology for contact tracing,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื,
07:53
we've got amazing scientists working at the speed of light
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ
07:57
to give us test kits and antivirals and vaccines.
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ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ืื ื˜ื™-ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื.
08:00
We need to slow down,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืื˜,
08:03
the Buddhists say slow down time
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ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื”ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
08:06
so that you can put your heart, your soul, into that space.
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืœืš ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
08:10
We need to slow down the speed of this virus,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื–ื”,
08:13
which is why we do social distancing.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
08:15
Just to be clear --
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ืจืง ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ -
08:16
flattening the curve, social distancing,
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ื”ืฉื˜ื—ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื”, ืจื™ื—ื•ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
08:19
it doesn't change the absolute number of cases,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืœื•ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ื,
08:22
but it changes what could be a Mount Fuji-like peak
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืจ ืคื™ื’'ื™
08:26
into a pulse,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืคืง.
08:28
and then we won't also lose people because of competition for hospital beds,
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ื•ืื– ื’ื ืœื ื ืื‘ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
08:32
people who have heart attacks, need chemotherapy, difficult births,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืชืงืฃ ืœื‘, ืื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ื™ืžื•ืชืจืคื™ื”, ืœื™ื“ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช,
08:36
can get into the hospital,
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
08:38
and we can use the scarce resources we have,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืขื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
08:41
especially in the developing world,
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
08:43
to treat people.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื.
08:44
So slow down,
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ืื– ื”ืื˜ื•,
08:46
slow down the speed of the epidemic,
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ื”ืื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ืคื”,
08:49
and then in the troughs, in between waves,
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ื•ืื– ื‘ื”ืคื•ื’ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื™ื,
08:52
jump on, double down, step on it,
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ืชืงืคืฆื• ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืชืฉืงื™ืขื• ื•ืชืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช,
08:55
and find every case,
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ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
08:57
trace every contact,
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ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื,
08:59
test every case,
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ืชื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”,
09:00
and then only quarantine the ones who need to be quarantined,
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ื•ืื– ืจืง ืชื‘ื•ื“ื“ื• ืืช ืืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืื•ืชื,
09:03
and do that until we have a vaccine.
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ื•ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.
09:08
CA: So it sounds like we have to get past the stage of just mitigation,
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ื›"ื: ืื– ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืื™ืœื• ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
09:11
where we're just trying to take a general shutdown,
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ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืชื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช,
09:15
to the point where we can start identifying individual cases again
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื
09:18
and contact-trace for them
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื
09:20
and treat them separately.
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ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืจื“.
09:22
I mean, to do that,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
09:23
that seems like it's going to take a step up of coordination,
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื–ื“ืงืง ืœืจืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื•ื,
09:28
ambition, organization, investment,
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ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืงืขื”,
09:31
that we're not really seeing the signs of yet in some countries.
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ืฉืขื•ื“ ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช.
09:35
Can we do this, how can we do this?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช? ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช?
09:37
LB: Oh, of course we can do this.
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ืœ"ื‘: ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
09:39
I mean, Taiwan did it so beautifully,
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ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืœื.
09:43
Iceland did it so beautifully, Germany,
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ืื™ืกืœื ื“ ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืคืœื, ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
09:45
all with different strategies,
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:46
South Korea.
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ื“ืจื•ื ืงื•ืจื™ืื”.
09:48
It really requires competent governance,
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืžืฉืœ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ,
09:51
a sense of seriousness,
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ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช,
09:54
and listening to the scientists, not the politicians following the virus.
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ื•ื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
09:58
Of course we can do this.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
10:00
Let me remind everybody --
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื --
10:02
this is not the zombie apocalypse,
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ื–ืืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™ื,
10:04
it's not a mass extinction event.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ืขื•ืœืžื™.
10:06
You know, 98, 99 percent of us are going to get out of this alive.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, 99-98 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืืชื ื• ื ืฆื ืžื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื.
10:12
We need to deal with it the way we know we can,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื,
10:16
and we need to be the best version of ourselves.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•.
10:19
Both sitting at home
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
10:21
as well as in science, and certainly in leadership.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ืข ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื’ื”.
10:26
CA: And might there be even worse pathogens out there
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ื›"ื: ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:29
in the future?
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ื‘ืขืชื™ื“?
10:30
Like, can you picture or describe
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืืจ
10:32
an even worse combination of those numbers
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
10:34
that we should start to get ready for?
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ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืงืจืืชื?
10:39
LB: Well, smallpox had an R0 of 3.5 to 4.5,
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ืœ"ื‘: ืœืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขืจืš R0 ืฉืœ 3.5-4.5,
10:43
so that's probably about what I think this COVID will be.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื™ื”ื™ื”.
10:47
But it killed a third of the people.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืจื’ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
10:50
But we had a vaccine.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ.
10:51
So those are the different sets that you have.
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ืื–, ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•.
10:55
But what I'm mostly worried about,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™,
10:56
and the reason that we made "Contagion"
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ื”ืคืงื ื• ืืช "ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช"
10:58
and that was a fictional virus --
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ --
11:00
I repeat, for those of you watching,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืœืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื,
11:03
that's fiction.
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ื–ื” ืกืจื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™.
11:04
We created a virus that killed a lot more than this one did.
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืฉื”ืจื’ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื–ื”.
11:08
CA: You're talking about the movie "Contagion"
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ื›"ื: ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ "ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช"
11:10
that's been trending on Netflix.
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ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื˜ืจื ื“ ื‘ื ื˜ืคืœื™ืงืก.
11:12
And you were an advisor for.
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ื•ืืชื” ืฉื™ืžืฉืช ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.
11:14
LB: Absolutely, that's right.
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ืœ"ื‘: ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
11:16
But we made that movie deliberately
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ื”ื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื”
11:18
to show what a real pandemic looked like,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ืžื’ืคื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื ืจืื™ืช.
11:20
but we did choose a pretty awful virus.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื ื• ื‘ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื“ื™ ื ื•ืจื.
11:24
And the reason we showed it like that,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฆื’ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ื›ื›ื”,
11:26
going from a bat to an apple,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ืœืฃ ืœืชืคื•ื—,
11:28
to a pig, to a cook, to Gwyneth Paltrow,
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ืœื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืœื˜ื‘ื—, ืœื’ื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืช' ืคืืœื˜ืจื•,
11:31
was because that is in nature what we call spillover,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืœื™ืฉื”,
11:35
as zoonotic diseases,
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ื›ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื•ืื•ื ื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
11:38
diseases of animals, spill over to human beings.
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ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื’ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
11:41
And if I look backwards three decades
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ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”,
11:43
or forward three decades --
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ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื” --
11:45
looking backward three decades, Ebola, SARS, Zika,
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ื‘ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื•ืจื”, ืื‘ื•ืœื”, ืกืืจืก, ื–ื™ืงื”,
11:49
swine flu, bird flu, West Nile,
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ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื, ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช, ืงื“ื—ืช ื”ื ื™ืœื•ืก ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™,
11:51
we can begin almost a catechism
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืžื ื˜ืจื” ื“ืชื™ืช
11:54
and listen to all the cacophony of these names.
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ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืงืงื•ืคื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
11:58
But there were 30 to 50 novel viruses that jumped into human beings.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื›-30-50 ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื’ืœืฉื• ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื.
12:03
And I'm afraid, looking forward,
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ื‘ื”ืกืชื›ืœื•ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื”, ืื ื™ ืžืคื—ื“
12:05
we are in the age of pandemics,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืคื•ืช,
12:07
we have to behave like that,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื”ืชืื,
12:09
we need to practice One Health,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช One Health (ืžื•ื“ืœ 'ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื—ืช'),
12:12
we need to understand that we're living in the same world
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขื•ืœื
12:14
as animals, the environment, and us,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื ื—ื ื•.
12:17
and we get rid of this fiction that we are some kind of special species.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืืฉืœื™ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื–ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
12:22
To the virus, we're not.
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื.
12:24
CA: Mmm.
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ื›"ื: ืžืžืž.
12:25
You mentioned vaccines, though.
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื.
12:27
Do you see any accelerated path to a vaccine?
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ื”ืื ืืชื” ืจื•ืื” ื ืชื™ื‘ ืžื•ืืฅ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ?
12:31
LB: I do.
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ืœ"ื‘: ืื›ืŸ.
12:32
I'm actually excited to see that we're doing something
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ืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ ื ืจื’ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•
12:36
that we only get to think of in computer science,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
12:39
which is we're changing what should have always been,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
12:42
or has always been, rather,
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ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื”,
12:44
multiple sequential processes.
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ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจืฆื™ืคื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
12:46
Do safety testing, then you test for effectiveness,
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ืืชื” ืขื•ืจืš ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืื– ืืชื” ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”,
12:51
then for efficiency.
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ื•ืื– ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช.
12:53
And then you manufacture.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ.
12:54
We're doing all three or four of those steps,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืื• ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:57
instead of doing it in sequence, we're doing in parallel.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ.
13:00
Bill Gates has said he's going to build seven vaccine production lines
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ื‘ื™ืœ ื’ื™ื™ื˜ืก ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ืขื” ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ
13:04
in the United States,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
13:05
and start preparing for production,
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ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ,
13:07
not knowing what the end vaccine is going to be.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื™ืจืื”.
13:10
We're simultaneously doing safety tests and efficacy tests.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
13:15
I think the NIH has jumped up.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืชืขืจื‘.
13:18
I'm very thrilled to see that.
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ืื ื™ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžื— ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
13:21
CA: And how does that translate into a likely time line, do you think?
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ื›"ื: ื•ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืชืจื’ื ืœืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™, ืœื“ืขืชืš?
13:25
A year, 18 months, is that possible?
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ืฉื ื”, ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื”ืื ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™?
13:27
LB: You know, Tony Fauci is our guru in this,
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ืœ"ื‘: ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื˜ื•ื ื™ ืคืื•ืฆ'ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื• ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”,
13:31
and he said 12 to 18 months.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ 12-18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
13:33
I think that we will do faster than that in the initial vaccine.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”.
13:37
But you may have heard that this virus
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ื–ื”
13:39
may not give us the long-term immunity --
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ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš --
13:43
that something like smallpox would do.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช.
13:44
So we're trying to make vaccines where we add adjuvants
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ืกืคื™ื
13:48
that actually make the vaccine create better immunity
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ืฉื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:54
than the disease,
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื”,
13:55
so that we can confer immunity for many years.
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ื›ืš ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
13:58
That's going to take a little longer.
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ื–ื” ื™ื™ืงื— ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ.
14:01
CA: Last question, Larry.
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ื›"ื: ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืœืืจื™.
14:02
Back in 2006, as a winner of the TED Prize,
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-2006, ื›ื–ื•ื›ื” ืคืจืก TED,
14:07
we granted you a wish,
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉื ื• ืžืžืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืžืฉืืœื”,
14:08
and you wished the world would create this pandemic preparedness system
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ื•ืืชื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉืช ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืžื’ืคื”
14:12
that would prevent something like this happening.
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ืฉืชืžื ืข ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื›ื–ื•.
14:14
I feel like we, the world, let you down.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื›ื–ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชืš.
14:17
If you were to make another wish now,
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืžืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
14:20
what would it be?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ืงืฉ?
14:22
LB: Well, I don't think we're let down in terms of speed of detection.
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ืœ"ื‘: ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื›ื–ื‘ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ.
14:26
I'm actually pretty pleased.
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ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืžื— ืขืœ ื›ืš.
14:27
When we met in 2006,
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ื›ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ื‘-2006,
14:29
the average one of these viruses leaping from an animal to a human,
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ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืงืคืฅ ืžื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
14:33
it took us six months to find that --
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ืœืงื— ืœื ื• ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• --
14:35
like the first Ebola, for example.
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ื›ืžื• ื ื’ื™ืฃ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
14:37
We're now finding the first cases in two weeks.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
14:40
I'm not unhappy about that,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืื•ื›ื–ื‘ ืžื›ืš.
14:42
I'd like to push it down to a single incubation period.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื“ื’ื™ืจื” ืื—ืช.
14:45
It's a bigger issue for me.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
14:46
What I found is that in the Smallpox Eradication Programme
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ืžื” ืฉื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ื”ืื‘ืขื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช,
14:50
people of all colors, all religions, all races,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืชื•ืช, ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื,
14:54
so many countries,
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
14:55
came together.
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ื”ืชืื—ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“.
14:57
And it took working as a global community
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ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
15:00
to conquer a global pandemic.
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ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื’ืคื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
15:03
Now, I feel that we have become victims of centrifugal forces.
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืคื›ื ื• ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ื’ืœื™ื™ื.
15:09
We're in our nationalistic kind of barricades.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกื•ืจื’ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
15:13
We will not be able to conquer a pandemic
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ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
15:17
unless we believe we're all in it together.
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ืื ืœื ื ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
15:19
This is not some Age of Aquarius, or Kumbaya statement,
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื™ืคื™ืช ืื• ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜,
15:23
this is what a pandemic forces us to realize.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื’ืคื” ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
15:27
We are all in it together,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“,
15:28
we need a global solution to a global problem.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
15:32
Anything less than that is unthinkable.
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ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขืช.
15:36
CA: Larry Brilliant, thank you so very much.
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ื›"ื: ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืื ื˜, ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
15:39
LB: Thank you, Chris.
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ืœ"ื‘: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืจื™ืก.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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