How we experience awe -- and why it matters | Beau Lotto and Cirque du Soleil

106,625 views ใƒป 2019-11-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Nurit Noy
00:14
Before I get started:
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ;
00:15
I'm really excited to be here
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ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืจื’ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื
00:16
to just actually watch what's going to happen, from here.
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช, ืžื›ืืŸ.
00:19
So with that said, we're going to start with:
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ืื– ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ
00:25
What is one of our greatest needs,
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ื‘ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
00:28
one of our greatest needs for our brain?
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•?
00:30
And instead of telling you, I want to show you.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื.
00:33
In fact, I want you to feel it.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื–ื”.
00:34
There's a lot I want you to feel in the next 14 minutes.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืจื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘14 ื”ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
00:37
So, if we could all stand up.
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ืื–, ืื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“.
00:39
We're all going to conduct a piece of Strauss together.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืงื˜ืข ืžื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ืจืื•ืก ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
00:44
Alright? And you all know it.
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื? ื•ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
00:46
Alright. Are you ready?
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ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื?
00:48
Audience: Yeah!
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ื”ืงื”ืœ: ื›ืŸ!
00:49
Beau Lotto: Alright. Ready, one, two, three!
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ืื—ื“ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ!
00:52
It's just the end.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
00:53
(Music: Richard Strauss "Also Sprach Zarathustra")
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”: ืจื™ื›ืจื“ ืฉื˜ืจืื•ืก "ื›ื” ืืžืจ ื–ืจืชื•ืกื˜ืจื")
01:01
Right?
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ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื?
01:02
You know where it's going.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
01:03
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
01:13
Oh, it's coming!
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ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื!
01:22
(Music stops abruptly)
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(ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืขื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืคืชืื•ืžื™ื•ืช)
01:24
Oh!
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ืื•!
01:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:26
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:27
Collective coitus interruptus.
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ื”ืคืจืขืช ืื•ืจื’ื–ืžื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
01:29
OK, you can all sit down.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช.
01:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:32
We have a fundamental need for closure.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืกื™ื•ืžื™ื.
01:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:37
We love closure.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื’ืžื•ืจ.
01:39
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:41
I was told the story that Mozart, just before he'd go to bed,
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ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืžื•ืฆืจื˜, ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืœืš ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ,
01:45
he'd go to the piano and go,
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ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœืคืกื ืชืจ ื•ืขื•ืฉื”
01:46
"da-da-da-da-da."
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"ื“ื”-ื“ื”-ื“ื”-ื“ื”-ื“ื”".
01:47
His father, who was already in bed, would think, "Argh."
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื• "ืื•ืฃืฃืฃืฃืฃ".
01:50
He'd have to get up and hit the final note to the chord
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื•ื ืžื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืชื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื•ืจื“
01:53
before he could go back to sleep.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
01:54
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:55
So the need for closure leads us to thinking about:
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ืื– ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ:
02:01
What is our greatest fear?
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•?
02:04
Think -- what is our greatest fear growing up, even now?
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• - ืžื”ื• ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืช, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
02:09
And it's the fear of the dark.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš.
02:15
We hate uncertainty.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
02:18
We hate to not know.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืœื ืœื“ืขืช.
02:20
We hate it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
02:21
Think about horror films.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื”.
02:23
Horror films are always shot in the dark,
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ืกืจื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืžืฆื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื›ื”,
02:25
in the forest,
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ื‘ื™ืขืจ,
02:27
at night,
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื”,
02:29
in the depths of the sea,
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ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื™ื,
02:30
the blackness of space.
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ื‘ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืœ.
02:32
And the reason is because dying was easy during evolution.
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
02:35
If you weren't sure that was a predator,
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ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ืš ื—ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืจืคืช
02:37
it was too late.
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™.
02:39
Your brain evolved to predict.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœืš ืคื™ืชื— ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช.
02:42
And if you couldn't predict, you died.
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ื•ืื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืช.
02:45
And the way your brain predicts is by encoding the bias and assumptions
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ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช
02:49
that were useful in the past.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
02:51
But those assumptions just don't stay inside your brain.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื ืฉืืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื ื•.
02:54
You project them out into the world.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:57
There is no bird there.
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื•ื ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
03:00
You're projecting the meaning onto the screen.
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ืืชื ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.
03:04
Everything I'm saying to you right now is literally meaningless.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช.
03:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:11
You're creating the meaning and projecting it onto me.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœื™.
03:14
And what's true for objects is true for other people.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:17
While you can measure their "what" and their "when,"
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”"ืžื”" ื•ื”"ืžืชื™" ืฉืœื”ื,
03:19
you can never measure their "why."
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”"ืœืžื”" ืฉืœื”ื.
03:21
So we color other people.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:22
We project a meaning onto them based on our biases and our experience.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช, ืขืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
03:29
Which is why the best of design is almost always about decreasing uncertainty.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
03:34
So when we step into uncertainty,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืื™ ื•ื“ืื•ืช,
03:37
our bodies respond physiologically and mentally.
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ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™.
03:40
Your immune system will start deteriorating.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชื“ืจื“ืจ.
03:43
Your brain cells wither and even die.
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ืชืื™ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื—ืœืฉื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืžื•ืชื•.
03:46
Your creativity and intelligence decrease.
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ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืคื—ืชื•.
03:50
We often go from fear to anger, almost too often.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืจื•ื‘ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื—ื“ ืœื›ืขืก, ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™.
03:54
Why? Because fear is a state of certainty.
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ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
03:57
You become morally judgmental.
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืžื•ืกืจื ื™ื™ื,
03:59
You become an extreme version of yourself.
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ืืชื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื’ืจืกื” ืžื•ืงืฆื ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื›ื.
04:01
If you're a conservative, you become more conservative.
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ืืชื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืจื ื™ื,
04:04
If you're a liberal, you become more liberal.
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื ืืชื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื™ื.
04:06
Because you go to a place of familiarity.
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ื›ื™ ืืชื ื ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื.
04:10
The problem is that the world changes.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”.
04:13
And we have to adapt or die.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื• ืฉื ืžื•ืช.
04:15
And if you want to shift from A to B,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืžืฆื‘ A ืœ-B,
04:17
the first step is not B.
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื B.
04:19
The first step is to go from A to not A --
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ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืž-A ืœืœื A --
04:23
to let go of your bias and assumptions;
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ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช;
04:25
to step into the very place that our brain evolved to avoid;
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ืœืงื—ืช ืฆืขื“ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืื•ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื•;
04:31
to step into the place of the unknown.
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ืœืฆืขื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข.
04:37
But it's so essential that we go to this place
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”
04:40
that our brain gave us a solution.
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ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
04:42
Evolution gave us a solution.
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ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื” ื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
04:45
And it's possibly one of the most profound perceptual experiences.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช.
04:50
And it's the experience of awe.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื.
04:55
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
05:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:01
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
06:08
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
06:12
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
06:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:02
(Music)
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(ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”)
07:16
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:21
(Cheers)
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(ืงืจื™ืื•ืช)
07:25
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:31
Beau Lotto: Ah, how wonderful, right?
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ืื™ื–ื” ื ืคืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:34
So right now, you're probably all feeling, at some level or another, awe.
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ืื– ื›ืจื’ืข ืืชื ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื‘ื˜ื— ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืคืœื™ืื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช.
07:42
Right?
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:43
So what's happening inside your brain right now?
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ืื– ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืจื’ืข?
07:47
And for thousands of years,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื,
07:49
we've been thinking and writing and experiencing awe,
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ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•, ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื•ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืคืœื™ืื”,
07:52
and we know so little about it.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื˜ ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”.
07:55
And so to try to understand what is it and what does it do,
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื–ื” ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”,
08:01
my Lab of Misfits had just the wonderful opportunity and the pleasure
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ืœืžืขื‘ื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื•ื”ืขื•ื ื’
08:07
to work with who are some of the greatest creators of awe that we know:
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ืื” ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื ื•:
08:12
the writers, the creators, the directors, the accountants,
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ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื, ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื‘ืžืื™ื, ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ,
08:16
the people who are Cirque Du Soleil.
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ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืกื™ืจืง ื“ื• ืกื•ืœื™ื™ (ืงืจืงืก ื™ื“ื•ืข).
08:20
And so we went to Las Vegas,
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ืื– ื ืกืขื ื• ืœืœืืก ื•ื’ืืก,
08:23
and we recorded the brain activity of people
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ื•ื”ืงืœื˜ื ื• ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช, ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:26
while they're watching the performance,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืคืขื”,
08:28
over 10 performances of "O,"
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจ ื”ื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆื’ื” "O",
08:31
which is iconic Cirque performance.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืื™ืงื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืงืก.
08:34
And we also measured the behavior before the performance,
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ื•ื’ื ืžื“ื“ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื”,
08:38
as well as a different group after the performance.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื›ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื”.
08:41
And so we had over 200 people involved.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืœ 200 ืื™ืฉ.
08:45
So what is awe?
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ืื– ืžื” ื–ื• ืคืœื™ืื”?
08:47
What is happening inside your brain right now?
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ื›ืจื’ืข?
08:49
It's a brain state. OK?
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืžื•ื—ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:52
The front part of your brain, the prefrontal cortex,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื, ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช,
08:55
which is responsible for your executive function,
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ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช,
08:57
your attentional control,
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ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœื›ื,
08:58
is now being downregulated.
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ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช.
09:02
The part of your brain called the DMN, default mode network,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืฉื ืงืจื ื”-DMN, ืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ,
09:06
which is the interaction between multiple areas in your brain,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื,
09:09
which is active during, sort of, ideation,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš, ื‘ืขืจืš, ื”ืขืœืืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
09:13
creative thinking in terms of divergent thinking and daydreaming,
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ืื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
09:16
is now being upregulated.
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ื›ืจื’ืข ื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืขื•ืœื”.
09:19
And right about now,
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ื•ื‘ืขืจืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:21
the activity in your prefrontal cortex is changing.
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ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉืชื ื”.
09:25
It's becoming asymmetrical in its activity,
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื-ืกื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”,
09:28
biased towards the right,
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ื•ืžื•ื˜ื” ืœื™ืžื™ืŸ,
09:29
which is highly correlated when people step forward into the world,
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื,
09:33
as opposed to step back.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืชื’ืจื™ื.
09:36
In fact, the activity across the brains of all these people was so correlated
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืชื•ืืžืช
09:41
that we're able to train an artificial neural network
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืืžืŸ ืจืฉืช ื ื•ื™ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช
09:44
to predict whether or not people are experiencing awe
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ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ืื ืื• ืื ืœื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ืื”,
09:47
to an accuracy of 75 percent on average,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ 75% ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
09:50
with a maximum of 83 percent.
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ื•ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืžื•ื ืฉืœ 83 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
09:54
So what does this brain state do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ ื”ื–ื”?
09:58
Well, others have demonstrated,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื•,
10:00
for instance, Professors Haidt and Keltner,
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื“ื˜ ื•ืงืœื˜ื ืจ,
10:03
have told us that people feel small but connected to the world.
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ืกื™ืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื.
10:08
And their prosocial behavior increases,
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ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจืช,
10:12
because they feel an increased affinity towards others.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื–ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœื–ื•ืœืช.
10:15
And we've also shown in this study
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”
10:18
that people have less need for cognitive control.
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ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื—ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช.
10:21
They're more comfortable with uncertainty without having closure.
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ื ื•ื— ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืœืœื ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœื™ื.
10:26
And their appetite for risk also increases.
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ื•ื”ืชื™ืื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœืกื›ื ื” ื’ื ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ.
10:29
They actually seek risk, and they are better able at taking it.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”, ื•ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืืชื”.
10:34
And something that was really quite profound
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ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
10:36
is that when we asked people,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉืฉืืœื ื• ืื ืฉื™ื,
10:38
"Are you someone who has a propensity to experience awe?"
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"ื”ืื ืืชื” ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื ื˜ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืคืœื™ืื”?"
10:42
They were more likely to give a positive response
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘
10:45
after the performance than they were [before].
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ืžืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”.
10:47
They literally redefined themselves and their history.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
10:52
So, awe is possibly the perception that is bigger than us.
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ืื–, ืคืœื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
11:00
And in the words of Joseph Campbell,
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ื–ืฃ ืงืžืคื‘ืœ,
11:02
"Awe is what enables us to move forward."
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"ืคืœื™ืื” ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืงื“ื."
11:06
Or in the words of a dear friend,
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ืื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื™ืงืจ,
11:08
probably one of our greatest photographers,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืœืžื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:10
still living photographers, Duane Michaels,
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ืฆืœืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ื“ื•ื•ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืงืœืก,
11:12
he said to me just the other day
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ืจืง ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™
11:14
that maybe it gives us the curiosity to overcome our cowardice.
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ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคื—ื“ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
11:20
So who cares? Why should we care?
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ืื– ืœืžื™ ืื›ืคืช? ืœืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืื›ืคืช ืžื–ื”?
11:24
Well, consider conflict,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜,
11:25
which seems to be so omnipresent in our society at the moment.
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ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข.
11:29
If you and I are in conflict,
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ืื ืืชื ื•ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜,
11:31
it's as if we're at the opposite ends of the same line.
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ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงื•.
11:34
And my aim is to prove that you're wrong and to shift you towards me.
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืชื›ื ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™.
11:37
The problem is, you are doing exactly the same.
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
11:39
You're trying to prove that I'm wrong and shift me towards you.
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ืืชื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื” ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืื•ืชื™ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื›ื.
11:42
Notice that conflict is the setup to win but not learn.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื ืฆื— ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
11:48
Your brain only learns if we move.
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ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืจืง ืœื•ืžื“ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื–ื–ื™ื.
11:51
Life is movement.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืชื ื•ืขื”.
11:54
So, what if we could use awe, not to get rid of conflict --
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ืื–, ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคืœื™ืื”, ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜,
11:59
conflict is essential, conflict is how your brain expands,
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ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™, ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืจื—ื‘,
12:03
it's how your brain learns --
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ื›ื›ื” ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืœื•ืžื“ --
12:05
but rather, to enter conflict in a different way?
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื”, ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ?
12:09
And what if awe could enable us to enter it
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ื•ืžื” ืื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ืคืœื™ืื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื•
12:12
in at least two different ways?
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ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช?
12:14
One, to give us the humility and courage to not know.
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ืื—ืช, ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ืœื ืœื“ืขืช.
12:18
Right? To enter conflict with a question instead of an answer.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืขื ืฉืืœื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
12:22
What would happen then?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื–?
12:23
To enter the conflict with uncertainty instead of certainty.
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ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขื ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช.
12:27
And the second is, in entering conflict that way,
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื, ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื–ื”,
12:30
to seek to understand, rather than convince.
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ืœืฉืื•ืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืฉื›ื ืข.
12:35
Because everyone makes sense to themselves, right?
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:39
And to understand another person,
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ื•ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ,
12:41
is to understand the biases and assumptions
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ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช
12:43
that give rise to their behavior.
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ืฉืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
12:46
And we've actually initiated a pilot study
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื–ืžื ื•, ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™,
12:49
to look to see whether we could use art-induced awe
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ืฉืฉื•ืืฃ ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืคืœื™ืื” ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช
12:52
to facilitate toleration.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช.
12:55
And the results are actually incredibly positive.
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
12:58
We can mitigate against anger and hate
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก ื•ืฉื ืื”
13:01
through the experience of awe generated by art.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื™ืื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืžื ื•ืช.
13:06
So where can we find awe,
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ืื– ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ืื”,
13:10
given how important it is?
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”?
13:14
So, what if ...
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ืื– ืžื” ืื...
13:18
A suggestion:
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ื”ืฆืขื”:
13:20
that awe is not just to be found in the grandeur.
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ืžื” ืื ืคืœื™ืื” ืœื ืจืง ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืคืืจ.
13:24
Awe is essential.
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ืคืœื™ืื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช.
13:26
Often, it's scale -- the mountains, the sunscape.
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ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื”ื”ืจื™ื, ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ.
13:31
But what if we could actually rescale ourselves
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืžื“ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ
13:36
and find the impossible in the simple?
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ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜?
13:41
And if this is true,
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
13:43
and our data are right,
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ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืžื“ื•ื™ืง,
13:46
then endeavors like science,
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ืื– ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืข,
13:49
adventure, art, ideas, love,
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ื”ืจืคืชืงื”, ืื•ืžื ื•ืช, ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืื”ื‘ื”,
13:53
a TED conference, performance,
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ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ื ืก ืฉืœ TED,
13:57
are not only inspired by awe,
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ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ืื”,
14:01
but could actually be our ladders into uncertainty
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื™uื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื“ืื•ืช
14:05
to help us expand.
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ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
14:26
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
14:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:29
Please, come up.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืชืขืœื• ืœื‘ืžื”.
14:30
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:34
(Cheers)
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(ืชืจื•ืขื•ืช)
14:38
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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