How we experience awe -- and why it matters | Beau Lotto and Cirque du Soleil

Prevoditelj: Leona Grujić Recezent: Sanda Liker

Before I get started:

Prije nego počnem,

I'm really excited to be here

stvarno sam uzbuđen

što ću moći gledati što će se dogoditi odavde.

to just actually watch what's going to happen, from here.

So with that said, we're going to start with:

Da prijeđemo na stvar, počet ćemo s pitanjem.

What is one of our greatest needs,

Što je jedna od naših najvećih potreba,

one of our greatest needs for our brain?

najvećih potreba našeg mozga?

And instead of telling you, I want to show you.

Umjesto da vam kažem, pokazat ću vam.

U stvari, želim da to osjetite.

In fact, I want you to feel it.

Želim da osjetite mnogo toga u sljedećih 14 minuta.

There's a lot I want you to feel in the next 14 minutes.

Pa, ako biste svi mogli ustati.

So, if we could all stand up.

We're all going to conduct a piece of Strauss together.

Svi ćemo zajedno dirigirati Straussovu skladbu.

Alright? And you all know it.

U redu? Svi je znate.

Alright. Are you ready?

U redu. Jeste li spremni?

Audience: Yeah!

Publika: Da!

Beau Lotto: Alright. Ready, one, two, three!

Lotto: U redu. Priprema, pozor, sad!

It's just the end.

Samo kraj.

(Music: Richard Strauss "Also Sprach Zarathustra")

(glazba: Richard Strauss, "Tako je govorio Zarathustra")

Right?

Zar ne?

You know where it's going.

Znate kamo ovo vodi.

(Music)

(Glazba)

Oh, it's coming!

Oh, evo ga!

(Music stops abruptly)

(glazba naglo stane)

Oh!

Oh!

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Right?

Zar ne?

Collective coitus interruptus.

Kolektivni coitus interruptus.

Ok, možete sjesti.

OK, you can all sit down.

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

We have a fundamental need for closure.

Imamo temeljnu potrebu za svršetkom.

(Laughter)

(Smijehom)

We love closure.

Volimo svršenost.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

I was told the story that Mozart, just before he'd go to bed,

Čuo sam da bi Mozart prije spavanja,

he'd go to the piano and go,

otišao do klavira i odsvirao

"da-da-da-da-da."

da da da da da.

His father, who was already in bed, would think, "Argh."

Njegov otac, koji je već legao, pomislio bi "uh."

He'd have to get up and hit the final note to the chord

Morao bi ustati i odsvirati posljednju notu akorda

before he could go back to sleep.

prije nego se vratio spavanju.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So the need for closure leads us to thinking about:

Dakle, potreba za svršetkom nas navodi na razmišljanje:

What is our greatest fear?

što je naš najveći strah?

Think -- what is our greatest fear growing up, even now?

Razmislite - čega smo se najviše bojali kao djeca, čak i sad?

And it's the fear of the dark.

Najviše smo se bojali mraka.

We hate uncertainty.

Mrzimo nesigurnost.

We hate to not know.

Mrzimo kad ne znamo.

We hate it.

Mrzimo to.

Think about horror films.

Pomislite na horore.

Horror films are always shot in the dark,

Horori se uvijek zbivaju u mraku,

in the forest,

u šumi,

at night,

po noći,

in the depths of the sea,

u morskim dubinama,

the blackness of space.

u tami svemira.

And the reason is because dying was easy during evolution.

To je zato što je tijekom evolucije bilo vrlo lako umrijeti.

If you weren't sure that was a predator,

Ako ne biste vidjeli grabežljivca,

it was too late.

bilo je prekasno.

Your brain evolved to predict.

Vaš mozak se razvio da predviđa.

And if you couldn't predict, you died.

Ako niste mogli predvidjeti, umrli biste.

And the way your brain predicts is by encoding the bias and assumptions

A vaš mozak predviđa tako da jača predrasude i pretpostavke

that were useful in the past.

koje su vam poslužile u prošlosti.

But those assumptions just don't stay inside your brain.

Ali te pretpostavke ne ostaju samo u vašem mozgu.

You project them out into the world.

Projicirate ih u svijet.

There is no bird there.

Ono nije ptica.

You're projecting the meaning onto the screen.

Projicirate značenje na zaslon.

Everything I'm saying to you right now is literally meaningless.

Sve što vam sad govorim je doslovno besmislica.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

You're creating the meaning and projecting it onto me.

Vi ste ti koji stvarate značenje i projicirate ga na moje riječi.

And what's true for objects is true for other people.

A ono što vrijedi za objekte vrijedi i za druge ljude.

While you can measure their "what" and their "when,"

Iako možete izmjeriti njihovo "što" i "kada",

you can never measure their "why."

ne možete izmjeriti njihovo "zašto."

So we color other people.

Pa bojimo druge ljude.

We project a meaning onto them based on our biases and our experience.

Projiciramo značenje na njih na temelju naših predrasuda i iskustava.

Which is why the best of design is almost always about decreasing uncertainty.

Zato najbolje kreacije gotovo uvijek umanjuju nesigurnost.

So when we step into uncertainty,

Stoga, kad zakoračimo u nesigurnost,

our bodies respond physiologically and mentally.

naša tijela reagiraju fiziološki i mentalno.

Your immune system will start deteriorating.

Vaš imunosustav počne propadati.

Your brain cells wither and even die.

Vaše moždane stanice uvenu, ili čak umru.

Your creativity and intelligence decrease.

Vaša kreativnost i inteligencija se smanjuju.

We often go from fear to anger, almost too often.

Strah često prelazi u bijes, prečesto.

Why? Because fear is a state of certainty.

Zašto? Jer je strah stanje sigurnosti.

You become morally judgmental.

Postanete skloni moralnom osuđivanju.

You become an extreme version of yourself.

Postanete ekstremna verzija sebe.

If you're a conservative, you become more conservative.

Ako ste konzervativac, postanete konzervativniji.

If you're a liberal, you become more liberal.

Ako ste liberal, postanete liberalniji.

Because you go to a place of familiarity.

Jer se okrećete onome što znate.

The problem is that the world changes.

Problem je što se svijet mijenja,

And we have to adapt or die.

a mi ćemo se prilagoditi ili umrijeti.

And if you want to shift from A to B,

A ako se želite pomaknuti od A do B,

the first step is not B.

prvi korak nije B.

The first step is to go from A to not A --

Prvi korak je prijeći s A na ne-A,

to let go of your bias and assumptions;

pustiti svoje predrasude i pretpostavke,

to step into the very place that our brain evolved to avoid;

zakoračiti upravo prema onome što vaš mozak instinktivno izbjegava:

to step into the place of the unknown.

zakoračiti u nepoznato.

But it's so essential that we go to this place

Ali toliko je nužno da odemo u nepoznato

that our brain gave us a solution.

da je naš mozak pronašao rješenje.

Evolution gave us a solution.

Evolucija je pronašla rješenje.

And it's possibly one of the most profound perceptual experiences.

Radi se o jednom od najdubljih iskustava percepcije.

And it's the experience of awe.

A to je iskustvo divljenja.

(Music)

(Glazba)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Music)

(Glazba)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Music)

(Glazba)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Glazba)

(Music)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Cheers)

(Klicanje)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Beau Lotto: Ah, how wonderful, right?

Čudesno, zar ne?

So right now, you're probably all feeling, at some level or another, awe.

Trenutno, svi vjerojatno osjećate neku razinu divljenja.

Right?

Zar ne?

So what's happening inside your brain right now?

Što se sada zbiva u vašem mozgu?

And for thousands of years,

Tisućama godina, osjećali smo,

we've been thinking and writing and experiencing awe,

razmišljali i pisali o divljenju,

and we know so little about it.

a znamo tako malo o njemu.

And so to try to understand what is it and what does it do,

Kako bismo razumjeli što ono jest i što radi,

my Lab of Misfits had just the wonderful opportunity and the pleasure

moj Laboratorij autsajdera imao je izvanrednu priliku i užitak

to work with who are some of the greatest creators of awe that we know:

da radi s nekim od najvećih nama znanih stvaratelja divljenja:

the writers, the creators, the directors, the accountants,

pisaca, stvaratelja, redatelja, računovođa,

the people who are Cirque Du Soleil.

koji čine Cirque du Soleil.

And so we went to Las Vegas,

Zato smo otišli u Las Vegas

and we recorded the brain activity of people

i snimili moždanu aktivnost ljudi

while they're watching the performance,

koji su gledali predstavu,

over 10 performances of "O,"

više od 10 izvedbi predstave "O",

which is iconic Cirque performance.

ikonične predstave Cirque Du Soleila.

And we also measured the behavior before the performance,

Također smo mjerili ponašanje grupe prije predstave,

as well as a different group after the performance.

kao i ponašanje druge grupe poslije predstave.

And so we had over 200 people involved.

Dakle, uključili smo više od 200 ljudi.

So what is awe?

Pa, što je divljenje?

What is happening inside your brain right now?

Što se zbiva u vašem mozgu upravo sada?

It's a brain state. OK?

To je moždano stanje. Ok?

The front part of your brain, the prefrontal cortex,

Prednjem dijelu vašeg mozga, prefrontalnom korteksu,

which is responsible for your executive function,

koji je odgovoran za vašu izvršnu funkciju,

your attentional control,

kontrolu vaše pozornosti,

is now being downregulated.

sada je smanjena aktivnost.

The part of your brain called the DMN, default mode network,

Dio vašeg mozga zvan DMN, "default mode network",

which is the interaction between multiple areas in your brain,

kojeg čini interakcija različitih dijelova vašeg mozga,

which is active during, sort of, ideation,

koji se aktivira prilikom ideacije,

creative thinking in terms of divergent thinking and daydreaming,

kreativnosti, divergentnog mišljenja i sanjarenja,

is now being upregulated.

sada je pojačano aktivno.

And right about now,

I otprilike u ovom trenu,

the activity in your prefrontal cortex is changing.

aktivnost u vašem prefrontalnom korteksu se mijenja.

It's becoming asymmetrical in its activity,

Aktivnost postaje asimetrična,

biased towards the right,

naginje desnoj strani,

which is highly correlated when people step forward into the world,

koja je visoko povezana s iskoračivanjem u svijet,

as opposed to step back.

umjesto s uzmicanjem.

In fact, the activity across the brains of all these people was so correlated

U stvari, moždana aktivnost svih ispitanika bila je toliko slična,

that we're able to train an artificial neural network

da smo uspjeli istrenirati umjetnu neuralnu mrežu

to predict whether or not people are experiencing awe

da predvidi osjećaju li ljudi divljenje ili ne

to an accuracy of 75 percent on average,

s prosjekom od 75 % točnosti

with a maximum of 83 percent.

i maksimumom od 83 % točnosti.

So what does this brain state do?

Dakle, što ovo moždano stanje radi?

Well, others have demonstrated,

Pa, drugi su već demonstrirali,

for instance, Professors Haidt and Keltner,

primjerice, profesori Haidt i Keltner,

have told us that people feel small but connected to the world.

koji su nam rekli da se ljudi osjećaju sićušnima, ali povezanima sa svijetom.

And their prosocial behavior increases,

I jača njihovo prosocijalno ponašanje

because they feel an increased affinity towards others.

jer osjećaju pojačani afinitet za druge.

And we've also shown in this study

Također smo pokazali u ovoj studiji

that people have less need for cognitive control.

da ljudi imaju manju potrebu za kognitivnom kontrolom.

They're more comfortable with uncertainty without having closure.

Lakše prihvaćaju nesigurnost, nesvršenost.

And their appetite for risk also increases.

Također raste njihova sklonost riziku.

They actually seek risk, and they are better able at taking it.

Oni zapravo traže rizik i bolje ga podnose.

And something that was really quite profound

Ono što doista otvara oči,

is that when we asked people,

kad smo pitali ljude,

"Are you someone who has a propensity to experience awe?"

"Jeste li skloni osjećati divljenje?"

They were more likely to give a positive response

češće bi dali pozitivan odgovor

after the performance than they were [before].

nakon predstave nego prije nje.

They literally redefined themselves and their history.

Doslovno su redefinirali sebe i svoju povijest.

So, awe is possibly the perception that is bigger than us.

Dakle, divljenje je percepcija onog što je veće od nas.

And in the words of Joseph Campbell,

Riječima Josepha Campbella:

"Awe is what enables us to move forward."

"Divljenje je ono što nam omogućava da idemo naprijed."

Or in the words of a dear friend,

Ili riječima dragog prijatelja,

probably one of our greatest photographers,

vjerojatno jednog od naših najvećih fotografa,

still living photographers, Duane Michaels,

živućih fotografa, Duanea Michaelsa,

he said to me just the other day

koji mi je neki dan rekao da

that maybe it gives us the curiosity to overcome our cowardice.

divljenje možda budi znatiželju koja nadvladava naš kukavičluk.

So who cares? Why should we care?

Pa, koga briga? Zašto bi nas bilo briga?

Well, consider conflict,

Pa, pomislite na sukobe

which seems to be so omnipresent in our society at the moment.

koji su trenutno tako sveprisutni u našem društvu.

If you and I are in conflict,

Ako se sukobimo vi i ja,

it's as if we're at the opposite ends of the same line.

to je kao da stojimo na suprotnim stranama iste linije.

And my aim is to prove that you're wrong and to shift you towards me.

Moj je cilj da dokažem da ste u krivu i pomaknem vas na svoju stranu.

The problem is, you are doing exactly the same.

Problem je da i vi pokušavate isto.

You're trying to prove that I'm wrong and shift me towards you.

Pokušavate dokazati da sam u krivu i pomaknuti me na svoju stranu.

Notice that conflict is the setup to win but not learn.

Primijetite da sukob omogućava pobjedu, ali ne i učenje.

Your brain only learns if we move.

Vaš mozak uči samo ako se krećemo.

Life is movement.

Život je kretanje.

So, what if we could use awe, not to get rid of conflict --

Što ako bismo mogli iskoristiti divljenje ne da se riješimo sukoba,

conflict is essential, conflict is how your brain expands,

sukob je nužan, sukob je način na koji se naš mozak širi,

it's how your brain learns --

na koji naš mozak uči,

but rather, to enter conflict in a different way?

već da uđemo u sukob na drugačiji način?

And what if awe could enable us to enter it

Što kad bi nam divljenje omogućilo da uđemo u sukob

in at least two different ways?

na barem dva različita načina?

One, to give us the humility and courage to not know.

Prvi, dalo bi nam poniznost i hrabrost da prihvatimo neznanje.

Right? To enter conflict with a question instead of an answer.

Da uđemo u sukob s pitanjem umjesto s odgovorom.

What would happen then?

Što bi se tada dogodilo?

To enter the conflict with uncertainty instead of certainty.

Kad bismo ušli u sukob s nesigurnošću umjesto sa sigurnošću.

And the second is, in entering conflict that way,

Drugi je da, ako takvi uđemo u sukob,

to seek to understand, rather than convince.

da pokušamo razumjeti, a ne uvjeriti.

Because everyone makes sense to themselves, right?

Jer svi sami sebi zvuče smisleno, zar ne?

And to understand another person,

Razumjeti drugu osobu

is to understand the biases and assumptions

znači razumjeti predrasude i pretpostavke

that give rise to their behavior.

koje uzrokuju njihovo ponašanje.

And we've actually initiated a pilot study

Pokrenuli smo pilot studiju kako bismo vidjeli

to look to see whether we could use art-induced awe

možemo li iskoristiti divljenje izazvano umjetnošću

to facilitate toleration.

za poticanje tolerancije.

And the results are actually incredibly positive.

Rezultati su bili nevjerojatno pozitivni.

We can mitigate against anger and hate

Možemo ublažiti bijes i mržnju

through the experience of awe generated by art.

osjećajem divljenja koje stvara umjetnost.

So where can we find awe,

Pa, gdje možemo naći divljenje,

given how important it is?

obzirom na to koliko je važno?

So, what if ...

Što ako...

A suggestion:

prijedlog:

that awe is not just to be found in the grandeur.

divljenje se ne nalazi samo u veličanstvenosti.

Awe is essential.

Ono je temeljno.

Often, it's scale -- the mountains, the sunscape.

Često je pobuđeno veličinom - planine, sunce.

But what if we could actually rescale ourselves

Ali što ako bismo mogli prilagoditi veličinu

and find the impossible in the simple?

i naći nemoguće u jednostavnosti?

And if this is true,

Ako je to moguće,

and our data are right,

i ako su naši podaci točni,

then endeavors like science,

onda stremljenja poput znanosti,

adventure, art, ideas, love,

avanture, umjetnosti, ideja, ljubavi,

a TED conference, performance,

TED konferencije, performansa,

are not only inspired by awe,

nisu samo nadahnuti divljenjem,

but could actually be our ladders into uncertainty

već bi mogli biti ljestve u nepoznato

to help us expand.

i pomoći nam da se raširimo.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Please, come up.

Molim vas, dođite.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

(Cheers)

(Klicanje)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)