Robin Chase: Getting cars off the road and data into the skies

18,880 views ใƒป 2008-02-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I'm going to talk about two stories today.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
00:15
One is how we need to use market-based pricing to affect demand
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ื': ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก-ืฉื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
00:22
and use wireless technologies to dramatically reduce our emissions
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ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
00:26
in the transportation sector.
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ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืœื”.
00:29
And the other is that there is an incredible opportunity
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ืคืœืื”,
00:31
if we choose the right wireless technologies;
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ืื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
00:34
how we can generate a new engine for economic growth
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
00:37
and dramatically reduce C02 in the other sectors.
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ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
00:40
I'm really scared.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืคื—ื“ืช.
00:42
We need to reduce C02 emissions in ten to fifteen years by 80 percent
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ืชื•ืš 10-15 ืฉื ื” ื‘-80%
00:46
in order to avert catastrophic effects.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช.
00:49
And I am astounded that I'm standing here to tell you that.
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ื•ืžื–ืขื–ืข ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
00:52
What are catastrophic effects? A three degree centigrade climate change rise
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ืฉ"ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช" ืžืฉืžืขืŸ ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื‘-3 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก
00:57
that will result in 50 percent species extinction.
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ืฉืชื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื—ื“ื” ืฉืœ 50% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื.
01:02
It's not a movie. This is real life.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืกืจื˜. ื–ื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
01:05
And I'm really worried, because when people talk about cars
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
01:08
-- which I know something about --
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- ื•ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ื–ื” -
01:11
the press and politicians and people in this room are all thinking,
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ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืœื, ื›ื•ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
01:15
"Let's use fuel-efficient cars."
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"ื”ื‘ื” ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืง."
01:18
If we started today, 10 years from now, at the end of this window of opportunity,
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ืื ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, 10 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื—ืœื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื”,
01:26
those fuel-efficient cars will reduce our fossil fuel needs by four percent.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคื—ื™ืชื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘-4%.
01:32
That is not enough.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง.
01:34
But now I'll talk about some more pleasant things.
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื.
01:35
Here are some ways that we can make some dramatic changes.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื™ื.
01:38
So, Zipcar is a company that I founded seven years ago,
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"ื–ื™ืคืงืืจ" ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ 7 ืฉื ื™ื,
01:42
but it's an example of something called car sharing.
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ื–ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื".
01:45
What Zipcar does is we park cars throughout dense urban areas
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ื‘"ื–ื™ืคืงืืจ" ืื ื• ืžื—ื ื™ื ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื™ื
01:48
for members to reserve, by the hour and by the day, instead of using their own car.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉืขื”, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื›ื‘ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.
01:53
How does it feel to be a person using a Zipcar?
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ืžื” ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘"ื–ื™ืคืงืืจ"?
01:56
It means that I pay only for what I need.
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืœืžืช ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื”.
01:59
All those hours when a car is sitting idle, I'm not paying for it.
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืœื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฉืœืžืช,
02:03
It means that I can choose a car exactly for that particular trip.
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ื•ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
02:07
So, here's a woman that reserved MiniMia, and she had her day.
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ื”ื ื” ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช "ืžื™ื ื™ืžื™ื”", ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”.
02:11
I can take a BMW when I'm seeing clients.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘-ืž-ื•ื• ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช,
02:14
I can drive my Toyota Element when I'm going to go on that surfing trip.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื˜ื ื“ืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ,
02:22
And the other remarkable thing is it's, I think, the highest status of car ownership.
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘, ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘:
02:28
Not only do I have a fleet of cars available to me in seven cities around the world
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื™ ืฆื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:32
that I can have at my beck and call,
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื™ ืœืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื”,
02:34
but heaven forbid I would ever maintain
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ืืœื ื’ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื
02:37
or deal with the repair or have anything to do with it.
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ืื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ื–ื”.
02:40
It's like the car that you always wanted that your mom said that you couldn't have.
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ื–ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ืจืฆื™ืชื, ื•ืืžื ืืžืจื” ืœื›ื ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื.
02:45
I get all the good stuff and none of the bad.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช.
02:48
So, what is the social result of this?
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ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช?
02:51
The social result is that today's Zipcar has 100,000 members
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘"ื–ื™ืคืงืืจ" 100,000 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื
02:55
driving 3,000 cars parked in 3,000 parking spaces.
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ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘-3,000 ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘-3,000 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ื ื™ื”.
02:59
Instead of driving 12,000 miles a year, which is what the average city dweller does,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ 20,000 ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™,
03:02
they drive 500 miles a year. Are they happy?
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ 800 ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื”ืื ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื?
03:06
The company has been doubling in size ever since I founded it, or greater.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื” ืืช ื’ื•ื“ืœื” ืžืื– ืฉื™ื™ืกื“ืชื™ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:10
People adore the company. And it's better,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ื–ื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ;
03:15
you know? They like it.
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ื™ื“ืขืชื? ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
03:17
So, how is it that people went from the 12,000 miles a year to 500 miles?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืงืจื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืž-20,000 ืง"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœ-800?
03:21
It's because they said, "It's eight to 10 dollars an hour and 65 dollars a day.
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื 8-10 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืฉืขื” ื•-65 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
03:26
If I'm going to go buy some ice cream,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื ื•ืกืข ืœืงื ื•ืช ื’ืœื™ื“ื”,
03:29
do I really want to spend eight dollars to go buy the ice cream? Or maybe I'll do without.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” 8 ื“ื•ืœืจ? ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™.
03:32
Maybe I would have bought the ice cream when I did some other errand."
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื“ื” ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืื—ืจืช.
03:35
So, people really respond very quickly to it, to prices.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื.
03:38
And the last point I want to make is Zipcar would never be possible without technology.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, "ื–ื™ืคืงืืจ" ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชืืคืฉืจืช ืœื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
03:43
It required that it was completely trivial: that it takes 30 seconds
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ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืงืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช--
03:47
to reserve a car, go get it, drive it.
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ืœื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืจื›ื‘, ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื•, ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื•.
03:51
And for me, as a service provider,
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ื•ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™, ื›ืกืคืงื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
03:53
I would never be able to provide you a car for an hour
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ื ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฉืขื” ืื—ืช
03:55
if the transaction cost was anything.
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ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื™ืกืงื”.
03:57
So, without these wireless technologies, this, as a concept, could never happen.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืคื•ืขืœ.
04:02
So, here's another example. This company is GoLoco --
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื–ืืช ื—ื‘ืจืช "ื’ื•ืœื•ืงื•".
04:05
I'm launching it in about three weeks --
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ืื ื™ ืžืฉื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
04:07
and I hope to do for ridesharing what I did for car sharing.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืืช ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
04:11
This will apply to people across all of America.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื–ื” ื™ืฉืจืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
04:14
Today, 75 percent of the trips are single-occupancy vehicles,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, 75% ืžื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื›ื‘.
04:17
yet 12 percent of trips to work are currently carpool.
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ืื‘ืœ 12% ืžื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืจื ื•ืช ืจื›ื‘-ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
04:22
And I think that we can apply social networks and online payment systems
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ,
04:27
to completely change how people feel about ridesharing
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช,
04:29
and make that trip much more efficient.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”.
04:32
And so when I think about the future,
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ืื– ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
04:35
people will be thinking that sharing the ride with someone
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•
04:38
is this incredibly great social event out of their day.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:41
You know, how did you get to TED? You went with other TEDsters.
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ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœ-TED? ื ืกืขืชื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ TED ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:44
How fabulous. Why would you ever want to go by yourself in your own car?
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ื ื”ื“ืจ. ืœืžื” ืฉืชืจืฆื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื?
04:47
How did you go food shopping? You went with your neighbor, what a great social time.
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ืื™ืš ื™ืฆืืชื ืœืงื ื™ื•ืช? ืขื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ. ืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™!
04:50
You know it's going to really transform how we feel about travel,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืฉืชื ื• ืœื ืกื™ืขื•ืช.
04:55
and it will also, I think, enhance our freedom of mobility.
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื’ื ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:59
Where can I go today and who can I do it with?
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ืœืืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืกื•ืข ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืขื ืžื™?
05:01
Those are the types of things that you will look at and feel.
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ื›ืš ื–ื” ื™ื™ืจืื” ื•ื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื”.
05:04
And the social benefits:
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ื•ืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
05:06
the rate of single-occupancy vehicles is, I told you, 75 percent;
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™ ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื ื”ื’ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื 75%;
05:09
I think we can get that down to 50 percent.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื” ืœ-50%.
05:12
The demand for parking, of course, is down, congestion and the CO2 emissions.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื—ื ื™ื” ื™ื™ืจื“, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื“"ื—.
05:15
One last piece about this, of course, is that it's enabled by wireless technologies.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืื•ืคืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
05:20
And it's the cost of driving that's making people want to be able to do this.
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ื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื–ื”.
05:23
The average American spends 19 percent of their income on their car,
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ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืžื•ืฆื™ื 19% ืžื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœื•.
05:27
and there's a pressure for them to reduce that cost, yet they have no outlet today.
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ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื—ืฅ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.
05:34
So, the last example of this is congestion pricing, very famously done in London.
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืชืžื—ื•ืจ-ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช, ืฉื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ.
05:39
It's when you charge a premium for people to drive on congested roads.
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ื’ื•ื‘ื™ื ืคืจืžื™ื” ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฆืคื•ืคื•ืช.
05:42
In London, the day they turned the congestion pricing on,
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ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื• ืืช ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช,
05:44
there was a 25 percent decrease in congestion overnight,
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 25% ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช.
05:49
and that's persisted for the four years in which they've been doing congestion pricing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช.
05:52
And again, do people like the outcome?
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”?
05:56
Ken Livingstone was reelected.
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ืงืŸ ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื ื’ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉื•ื‘.
05:59
So again, we can see that price plays an enormous role in people's willingness
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ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืขืฆื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช
06:05
to reduce their driving behavior.
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ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ืœืฉื ื•
06:08
We've tripled the miles that we drive since 1970 and doubled them since 1982.
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ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืง"ืž ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืื– 1970 ื•ื”ื›ืคืœื ื• ืื•ืชื ืžืื– 1982.
06:12
There's a huge slack in that system;
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช.
06:14
with the right pricing we can undo that.
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ืขื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
06:18
Congestion pricing is being discussed in every major city around the world
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ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
06:21
and is, again, wirelessly enabled.
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ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืืœื—ื•ื˜.
06:23
You weren't going to put tollbooths around the city of London
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืชืื™-ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ
06:25
and open and shut those gates.
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ื•ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจื™ื.
06:27
And what congestion pricing is is that it's a technology trial and a psychological trial
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ื•ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื•ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™
06:32
for something called road pricing.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืจื•ื™ ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
06:35
And road pricing is where we're all going to have to go,
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ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื•.
06:37
because today we pay for our maintenance
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ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”
06:39
and wear and tear on our cars with gas taxes.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืœืื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืžื™ืกื™ ื”ื“ืœืง.
06:42
And as we get our cars more fuel-efficient,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
06:47
that's going to be reducing the amount of revenue that you get off of those gas taxes,
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ื–ื” ื™ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืง,
06:51
so we need to charge people by the mile that they drive.
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžืจื—ืง ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”.
06:55
Whatever happens with congestion pricing and those technologies
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” ืขื ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:57
will be happening with road pricing.
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ื™ืชื’ืœืžื• ื‘ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
07:00
Why do we travel too much?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื• ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™?
07:02
Car travel is underpriced and therefore we over-consumed.
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ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจืช ื–ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืฆืจื›ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™.
07:05
We need to put this better market feedback.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืง.
07:07
And if we have it, you'll decide how many miles to drive,
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื›ืžื” ืง"ืž ืชื ื”ื’ื•,
07:09
what mode of travel, where to live and work.
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื ืกื™ืขื”, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืชื—ื™ื• ื•ืชืขื‘ื“ื•.
07:11
And wireless technologies make this real-time loop possible.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื•ืœืืช ื–ืžืŸ-ืืžืช ื–ื• ืœืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
07:15
So, I want to move now to the second part of my story,
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ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื™,
07:17
which is: when are we going to start doing
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ืฉื”ื•ื, ืžืชื™ ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข
07:22
this congestion pricing? Road pricing is coming.
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ืืช ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช? ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืžืชืงืจื‘.
07:26
When are we going to do it? Are we going to wait
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ืžืชื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช? ื”ืื ื ืžืชื™ืŸ
07:27
10 to 15 years for this to happen
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10-15 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”?
07:29
or are we going to finally have this political will to make it happen in the next two years?
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ืื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช?
07:32
Because I'm going to say, that is going to be the tool that's going to turn our usage overnight.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœื™ืœื”.
07:36
And what kind of wireless technology are we going to use?
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื ืฉืชืžืฉ?
07:40
This is my big vision.
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ื–ื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™.
07:43
There is a tool that can help us bridge the digital divide,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื ื• ืœื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
07:46
respond to emergencies, get traffic moving,
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ืžืขื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืคืงืงื™ื,
07:50
provide a new engine for economic growth
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ืœืกืคืง ืžื ื•ืข ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช
07:53
and dramatically reduce CO2 emissions in every sector.
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ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช ืืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคื“"ื— ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ.
07:59
And this is a moment from "The Graduate." Do you remember this moment?
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ื–ื”ื• ืจื’ืข ืžืชื•ืš "ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ". ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื–ื”?
08:03
You guys are going to be the handsome young guy
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ืืชื ืชื”ื™ื• ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืื” ื”ื–ื”,
08:06
and I'm going to be the wise businessman.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ื›ื.
08:09
"I want to say one word to you, just one word."
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"ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช. ืจืง ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช."
08:11
"Yes, sir?" "Are you listening?" "Yes I am."
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-"ื›ืŸ, ืื“ื•ื ื™?" -"ืืชื” ืžืงืฉื™ื‘?" -"ื›ืŸ."
08:17
"Ad-hoc peer-to-peer self-configuring wireless networks."
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"ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ืœืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™."
08:21
(Laughter)
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:25
These are also called mesh networks.
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ื”ืŸ ื ืงืจืื•ืช ื’ื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช.
08:27
And in a mesh, every device contributes to and expands the network,
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ื‘ืžืืจื’ ื›ื–ื”,ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืชื•ืจื ืœืจืฉืช ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื”,
08:31
and I think you might have heard a little bit about it before.
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื•.
08:33
I'm going to give you some examples.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
08:35
You'll be hearing later today from Alan Kay.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ืชืฉืžืขื• ืžืืœืŸ ืงื™ื™,
08:37
These laptops, when a child opens them up,
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ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,ื›ืฉื™ืœื“ ืคื•ืชื— ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”,
08:40
they communicate with every single child in the classroom,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”,
08:43
within that school, within that village.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ื‘ื›ืคืจ.
08:46
And what is the cost of that communication system?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืืช?
08:48
Zero dollars a month.
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ืืคืก ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
08:51
Here's another example: in New Orleans,
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื‘ื ื™ื•-ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก,
08:53
video cameras were mesh-enabled
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ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื—ื•ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช
08:55
so that they could monitor crime in the downtown French Quarter.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
08:58
When the hurricane happened,
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ื›ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืคื’ืข,
09:00
the only communication system standing was the mesh network.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื ืคื’ืขื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช.
09:03
Volunteers flew in, added a whole bunch of devices,
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ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืกื• ืœืฉื ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื.
09:06
and for the next 12 months,
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื,
09:08
mesh networks were the only wireless that was happening in New Orleans.
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ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ื•-ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก.
09:13
Another example is in Portsmouth, U.K.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจื˜ืกืžื•ืช' ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
09:15
They mesh-enabled 300 buses and they speak to these smart terminals.
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ื”ื ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืจืฉืช 300 ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืœืžืกื•ืคื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื
09:19
You can look at the terminal
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจืžื™ื ืœ
09:21
and be able to see precisely where your bus is on the street
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืคื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืฉืœื›ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
09:25
and when it's coming, and you can buy your tickets in real time.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ-ืืžืช.
09:29
Again, all mesh-enabled. Monthly communication cost: zero.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ: ืืคืก.
09:35
So, the beauty of mesh networks:
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ืื– ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช:
09:38
you can have these very low-cost devices.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื“.
09:40
Zero ongoing communication costs. Highly scalable;
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ืืคืก ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช, ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ;
09:43
you can just keep adding them, and as in Katrina,
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ืืคืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘"ืงืชืจื™ื ื”",
09:45
you can keep subtracting them -- as long as there's some, we can still communicate.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืื•ืชืŸ; ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืฉืจ.
09:49
They're resilient; their redundancy is built into this fabulous decentralized design.
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ื”ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช. ื”ื™ืชื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื ืคืœื.
09:53
What are the incredible weaknesses?
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ื•ืœื ื™ืื•ืžืŸ, ืžื” ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ?
09:55
There isn't anybody in Washington lobbying to make it happen --
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืชื“ืœืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืฉื™ื’ื ื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ,
09:59
or in those municipalities, to build out their cities with these wireless networks --
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ืื• ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
10:02
because there's zero ongoing communications cost.
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ื›ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื”ื™ื ืืคืก.
10:05
So, the examples that I gave you are these islands of mesh networks,
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ืื– ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ื ื”ืŸ ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช,
10:09
and networks are interesting only as they are big.
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ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช.
10:13
How do we create a big network?
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ืื™ืš ื ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”?
10:18
Are you guys ready again -- "The Graduate"?
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ืืชื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืœ"ื‘ื•ื’ืจ"?
10:21
This time you will still play the handsome young thing, but I'll be the sexy woman.
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ื”ืคืขื ืชื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ื ืื”, ืืš ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืกืงืกื™ืช.
10:25
These are the next two lines in the movie.
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ืืœื” ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื”ืกืจื˜.
10:27
"Where did you do it?" "In his car."
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"ืื™ืคื” ืขืฉื™ืชื ืืช ื–ื”?" -"ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื•."
10:32
So you know, when you stick this idea ... (Laughter)
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ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืชื•ืงืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”-- [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:37
where would we expect me, Robin Chase, to be thinking
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ืื ื™, ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆ'ื™ื™ืก, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
10:41
is imagine if we put a mesh-network device
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ืื ื ื›ื ื™ืก ื”ืชืงืŸ ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช
10:43
in every single car across America.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
10:46
We could have a coast-to-coast, free wireless communication system.
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืฃ-ืืœ-ื—ื•ืฃ.
10:52
I guess I just want you to think about that.
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
10:56
And why is this going to happen? Because we're going to do congestion pricing,
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ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืงืจื•ืช? ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืžื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช;
11:00
we are going to do road tolls,
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ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืื’ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื;
11:02
gas taxes are going to become road pricing.
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ืžื™ืกื™ ื”ื“ืœืง ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
11:05
These things are going to happen.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืงืจื•.
11:07
What's the wireless technology we're going to use?
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ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื ืฉืชืžืฉ?
11:09
Maybe we should use a good one. When are we going to do it?
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”. ืžืชื™ ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช?
11:13
Maybe we shouldn't wait for the 10 or 15 years for this to happen.
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืœื ื ืžืชื™ืŸ 10-15 ืฉื ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
11:16
We should pull it forward.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”.
11:19
So, I'd like us to launch the wireless Internet interstate wireless mesh system,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื ืงื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื›ืœืœ-ืืจืฆื™ืช
11:25
and require that this network be accessible to everyone, with open standards.
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ื•ืฉื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื›ื•ืœื, ืขื ืชืงื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
11:30
Right now in the transportation sector, we're creating these wireless devices --
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืœื”, ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
11:34
I guess you guys might have Fast Pass here or Easy Lane --
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ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื "ืคืืกื˜ืคืืก" ืื• "ืื™ื–ื™ืœื™ื™ืŸ",
11:37
that are single-purpose devices in these closed networks.
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ืืœื” ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช.
11:41
What is the point?
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ืžื” ื”ื˜ืขื?
11:42
We're transferring just a few little data bits
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ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข
11:44
when we're doing road controlling, road pricing.
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ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
11:46
We have this incredible excess capacity.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืขื•ื“ืคืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
11:48
So, we can provide the lowest-cost means of going wireless coast-to-coast,
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉืช ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืฃ-ืืœ-ื—ื•ืฃ.
11:52
we can have resilient nationwide communication systems,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.
11:55
we have a new tool for creating efficiencies in all sectors.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื.
11:58
Imagine what happens when the cost of getting information
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืžื” ื™ืงืจื” ื›ืฉืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
12:00
from anywhere to anywhere is close to zero.
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ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืืคืก.
12:03
What you can do with that tool: we can create an economic engine.
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ืžื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
12:07
Information should be free, and access to information should be free,
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช,
12:10
and we should be charging people for carbon.
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ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
12:14
I think this is a more powerful tool than the Interstate Highway Act,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœื™ ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื,
12:17
and I think this is as important and world changing
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉื ื”-ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช
12:19
to our economy as electrification.
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ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ.
12:21
And if I had my druthers,
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ื•ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื™,
12:23
we would have an open-source version in addition to open standards.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชืงื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
12:27
And this open-source version means that
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืจืกืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื
12:32
it could be -- if we did a brilliant job of it --
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ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช-- ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘--
12:34
it could be used around the world very quickly.
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ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ืจ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:39
So, going back to one of my earlier thoughts.
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ืื– ืื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืžืงื•ื“ื,
12:43
Imagine if every one of these buses in Lagos was part of the mesh network.
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืœื’ื•ืก ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช.
12:47
When I went this morning to Larry Brilliant's TEDTalk prize
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ื›ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœื˜ืงืก ืคืจืก TED ืฉืœ ืœืืจื™ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื ื˜
12:52
-- his fabulous networks --
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--ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื•--
12:54
imagine if there was an open-source
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ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ื”ืชืงืŸ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—
12:56
mesh communications device that can be put into those networks,
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ืฉืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช, ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื”,
12:59
to make all that happen.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
13:01
And we can be doing it if we could just get over the fact that
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ื•ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืื ื ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
13:05
this little slice of things is going to be for free.
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ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืชื— ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื,
13:07
We could make billions of dollars on top of it,
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ื•ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ื ืžื–ื”.
13:10
but this one particular slice of communications needs to be open source.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ืชื— ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—.
13:15
So, let's take control of this nightmare:
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื”.
13:18
implement a gas tax immediately;
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ื ื ื”ื™ื’ ืžื™ื“ ืžืก ืขืœ ื“ืœืง.
13:21
transition across the nation to road-tolling with this wireless mesh;
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ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืœื—ื•ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
13:26
require that the mesh be open to all, with open standards;
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ื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉื”ืชืฉืœื•ื‘ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืœื›ืœ, ืขื ืชืงื ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื.
13:30
and, of course, use mesh networks.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื•ืช.
13:31
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. [ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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