Thelma Golden: How art gives shape to cultural change

33,700 views ・ 2010-04-16

TED


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Prevoditelj: Tilen Pigac - EFZG Recezent: Mislav Ante Omazić - EFZG
00:16
The brilliant playwright, Adrienne Kennedy,
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Briljantna dramska spisateljica, Adrienne Kennedy,
00:19
wrote a volume called
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napisala je knjigu zvanu
00:21
"People Who Led to My Plays."
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"Ljudi koji su vodili do mojih drama."
00:23
And if I were to write a volume,
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A kada bih ja pisala knjigu,
00:25
it would be called,
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zvala bi se,
00:27
"Artists Who Have Led My Exhibitions"
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"Umjetnici koji su vodili moje izložbe"
00:29
because my work,
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jer moj rad,
00:31
in understanding art and in understanding culture,
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razumijavanje umjetnosti i razumijevanje kulture,
00:34
has come by following artists,
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jest niknulo slijedeći umjetnike,
00:37
by looking at what artists mean
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promatrajući što umjetnik znači
00:40
and what they do and who they are.
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i što oni rade i tko su oni.
00:43
J.J. from "Good Times,"
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Jay Jay iz "Dobrih vremena",
00:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
00:48
significant to many people of course
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značajan za mnoge ljude naravno
00:50
because of "Dy-no-mite,"
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zbog "din-a-mita",
00:52
but perhaps more significant
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ali možda još značajniji
00:54
as the first, really, black artist
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kao prvi, doista, crni umjetnik
00:57
on primetime TV.
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na TV-u u udarnom terminu.
01:00
Jean-Michel Basquiat,
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Jean-Michel Basquiat,
01:02
important to me because [he was]
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važan za mene jer je bio
01:04
the first black artist in real time
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prvi crni umjetnik u stvarnom vremenu
01:07
that showed me the possibility of
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koji mi je pokazao mogućnosti
01:09
who and what I was about to enter into.
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u koga i u što ću zakoračiti.
01:12
My overall project is about art --
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Moj cjelokupni projekt je o umjetnosti,
01:15
specifically, about black artists --
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konkretno, o crnim umjetnicima,
01:17
very generally
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vrlo općenito
01:19
about the way in which art
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o načinu na koji umjetnost
01:21
can change the way we think
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može promijeniti način na koji razmišljamo
01:23
about culture and ourselves.
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o kulturi i o sebi.
01:26
My interest is in artists
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Moj interes je u umjetnicima
01:28
who understand and rewrite history,
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koji razumiju i pišu povijest iznova,
01:31
who think about themselves
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koji misle o sebi
01:33
within the narrative
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unutar pripovjesti
01:35
of the larger world of art,
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većeg svijeta umjetnosti,
01:37
but who have created new places
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ali koji su za nas stvorili nova mjesta
01:39
for us to see and understand.
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koja možemo vidjeti i razumijeti.
01:42
I'm showing two artists here, Glenn Ligon and Kara Walker,
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Pokazujem ovdje dva umjetnika, Glenna Ligona i Carol Walkera,
01:45
two of many who really form for me
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dvoje od njih mnogo koji za mene oblikuju
01:48
the essential questions that I wanted to bring
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ključna pitanja koja želim prinijeti
01:51
as a curator to the world.
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svijetu kao kustosica.
01:53
I was interested in the idea
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Zanimala me ideja
01:56
of why and how
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zašto i kako
01:58
I could create a new story,
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mogu stvoriti novu priču
02:01
a new narrative in art history
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i novu pripovjetku u povijesti umjetnosti
02:03
and a new narrative in the world.
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i novu pripovjetku u svijetu.
02:05
And to do this, I knew
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A kako bih napravila to, znala sam
02:07
that I had to see the way in which artists work,
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kako moram vidjeti način na koji umjetnici rade,
02:10
understand the artist's studio
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razumijeti umjetnički studio
02:12
as a laboratory,
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kao laboratorij,
02:14
imagine, then,
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onda zamisliti,
02:16
reinventing the museum as a think tank
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ponovno izumiti muzej kao mjesto okupljanja mozgova,
02:19
and looking at the exhibition
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i gledati na izložbu
02:22
as the ultimate white paper -- asking questions,
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kao krajnji bijeli papir, postavljajući pitanja
02:25
providing the space
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pružati prostor
02:27
to look and to think about answers.
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za promatranje i razmišljanje o odgovorima.
02:30
In 1994,
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1994. godine,
02:32
when I was a curator at the Whitney Museum,
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kada sam bila kustos u Whitney muzeju,
02:34
I made an exhibition called Black Male.
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napravila sam izložbu zvanu "Crni muškarac."
02:36
It looked at the intersection
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To je bilo promatranje raskrižja
02:38
of race and gender
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rase i spola
02:40
in contemporary American art.
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u suvremenoj američkoj umjetnosti.
02:42
It sought to express
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Trebala je izraziti
02:44
the ways in which art
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načine na koji umjetnost
02:46
could provide a space for dialogue --
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može pružiti prostor za dijalog,
02:48
complicated dialogue,
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komplicirani dijalog,
02:50
dialogue with many, many points of entry --
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dijalog s mnogim, mnogim ulaznim točkama,
02:53
and how the museum could be the space
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i kako bi muzej mogao biti mjesto
02:55
for this contest of ideas.
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za to natjecanje ideja.
02:57
This exhibition included
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Ta izložba je uključila
02:59
over 20 artists
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preko 20 umjetnika
03:01
of various ages and races,
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različitih dobi i rasa,
03:03
but all looking at black masculinity
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ali svi su promatrali crnačku muževnost
03:06
from a very particular point of view.
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s veoma specifičnog gledišta.
03:12
What was significant about this exhibition
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Ono što je bilo značajno u toj izložbi
03:15
is the way in which
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je način na koji
03:17
it engaged me in my role
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me uključila u moju ulogu
03:20
as a curator, as a catalyst,
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kao kustosice, kao katalizatora,
03:22
for this dialogue.
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za taj dijalog.
03:24
One of the things that happened
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Jedna od stvari koja se dogodila
03:26
very distinctly in the course of this exhibition
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vrlo jasno tijekom te izložbe
03:28
is I was confronted with the idea
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je kako sam ja bila suočena s idejom
03:30
of how powerful images can be
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kako snažne slike mogu biti
03:32
in people's understanding of themselves and each other.
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i ljudska razumijevanja njih samih i jedni drugih.
03:35
I'm showing you two works, one on the right by Leon Golub,
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Pokazujem vam dva djela, ovo na desnoj strani, od Leona Goluba,
03:38
one on the left by Robert Colescott.
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ovo na lijevoj strani od Roberta Colescotta.
03:41
And in the course of the exhibition --
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I u tijeku izložbe,
03:43
which was contentious, controversial
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koja je bila sporna, kontroverzna,
03:45
and ultimately, for me,
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i naposljetku, za mene,
03:47
life-changing
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ona koja mi je promijenila život,
03:49
in my sense of what art could be --
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u onom što ja mislim da bi umjetnost mogla biti,
03:51
a woman came up to me on the gallery floor
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žena je došla do mene u galeriji
03:54
to express her concern about the nature
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kako bi izrazila svoju zabrinutost prirodom
03:57
of how powerful images could be
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koliko snažne slike mogu biti
03:59
and how we understood each other.
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i kako razumijemo jedni druge.
04:01
And she pointed to the work on the left
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I pokazala je na djelo na lijevoj strani
04:03
to tell me how problematic this image was,
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kako bi mi rekla koliko je ta slika problematična,
04:05
as it related, for her, to the idea of
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kako se veže, za nju, za ideju
04:08
how black people had been represented.
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kako su crnci bili predstavljeni.
04:11
And she pointed to the image on the right
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I pokazala je na sliku na desnoj strani
04:13
as an example, to me, of the kind of dignity
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kao primjer, meni, neke vrste dostojanstva
04:16
that needed to be portrayed
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koja je trebala biti prikazana
04:18
to work against those images in the media.
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kako bi funkcionirala protiv onih slika u medijima.
04:20
She then assigned these works racial identities,
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Zatim je tim djelima dodjelila rasne identitete,
04:23
basically saying to me that the work on the right,
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u osnovi mi govoreći kako je djelo na desnoj strani,
04:25
clearly, was made by a black artist,
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očito, bilo izrađeno od strane crnog umjetnika,
04:27
the work on the left, clearly, by a white artist,
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djelo na lijevoj strani, je očito bilo izrađeno od bijelog umjetnika,
04:29
when, in effect,
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a pravi rezultat,
04:31
that was the opposite case:
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je bio suprotan od toga.
04:33
Bob Colescott, African-American artist;
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Bob Colescott, Afričko-američki umjetnik,
04:35
Leon Golub, a white artist.
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Leon Golub, bijeli umjetnik.
04:37
The point of that for me was
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Poanta toga, za mene, je bila
04:39
to say -- in that space, in that moment --
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u tom prostoru, u tom trenutku,
04:42
that I really, more than anything,
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kako sam doista, više od ičega,
04:44
wanted to understand
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htjela shvatiti
04:46
how images could work, how images did work,
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kako bi slike mogle funkcionirati, kako bi prikazi mogli funkcionirati
04:49
and how artists provided
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i kako bi umjetnici pružili
04:51
a space bigger than one
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prostor veći od onog
04:53
that we could imagine in our day-to-day lives
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koji bi mogli zamisliti u našim svakodnevnim životima
04:55
to work through these images.
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kako bi mogli raditi kroz te slike.
04:58
Fast-forward and I end up in Harlem;
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Brzo premotavanje naprijed i završila sam u Harlemu,
05:01
home for many of black America,
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dom mnogih crnaca u Americi,
05:04
very much the psychic heart
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uvelike spiritualno srce
05:07
of the black experience,
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crnačkog iskustva,
05:09
really the place where the Harlem Renaissance existed.
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doista mjesto gdje je cijela harlemska renesansa postojala.
05:13
Harlem now, sort of explaining
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Harlem sada, neka vrsta objašnjavanja
05:16
and thinking of itself in this part of the century,
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i razmišljanja o sebi u ovom dijelu stoljeća,
05:19
looking both backwards and forwards ...
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gledajući i nazad i naprijed.
05:21
I always say Harlem is an interesting community
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Uvijek kažem kako je Harlem zanimljiva zajednica
05:23
because, unlike many other places,
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jer, za razliku od mnogih drugih mjesta,
05:25
it thinks of itself in the past, present
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razmišlja o sebi u prošlosti, sadašnjosti
05:27
and the future simultaneously;
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i budućnosti u isto vrijeme.
05:29
no one speaks of it just in the now.
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Nitko ne priča o njemu samo u sadašnjosti.
05:31
It's always what it was and what it can be.
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Uvijek je ono što je bio i što može biti.
05:34
And, in thinking about that,
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I razmišljajući o tome,
05:36
then my second project, the second question I ask is:
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slijedi moj drugi projekt, moje drugo pitanje koje postavljam.
05:38
Can a museum
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Može li muzej
05:40
be a catalyst in a community?
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biti katalizator u zajednici?
05:42
Can a museum house artists
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Može li muzej ugostiti umjetnike
05:44
and allow them to be change agents
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i dozvoliti im da budu agenti promjene
05:46
as communities rethink themselves?
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kako se zajednice ponovno osmišljavaju?
05:49
This is Harlem, actually, on January 20th,
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Ovo je Harlem, zapravo, na 20. siječnj,
05:52
thinking about itself in a very wonderful way.
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razmišlajući o sebi na prekrasan način.
05:56
So I work now at The Studio Museum in Harlem,
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Dakle, sada radim u Studio muzeju u Harlemu,
05:58
thinking about exhibitions there,
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razmišljajući o izložbama tamo,
06:00
thinking about what it means to
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razmišljajući o tome što znači
06:02
discover art's possibility.
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otkriti mogućnosti umjetnosti.
06:04
Now, what does this mean to some of you?
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Sada, što to znači nekima od vas?
06:06
In some cases, I know that many of you
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U nekim slučajevima, znam kako su mnogi od vas
06:09
are involved in cross-cultural dialogues,
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uključeni u kros-kulturalne dijaloge,
06:11
you're involved in ideas of creativity and innovation.
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uključeni ste u ideje kreativnosti i inovacije.
06:14
Think about the place that artists can play in that --
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Razmislite o ulozi koju umjetnici mogu imati u tome.
06:17
that is the kind of incubation and advocacy
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To je neka vrsta inkubacije i zagovorništva
06:20
that I work towards, in working with young, black artists.
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prema kojoj težim, radeći s mladim, crnim umjetnicima.
06:23
Think about artists, not as content providers,
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Razmislite o umjetnicima, ne kao o pružateljima sadržaja,
06:25
though they can be brilliant at that,
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iako mogu biti briljantni u tome,
06:27
but, again, as real catalysts.
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već, ponovno, kao istinski katalizatori.
06:31
The Studio Museum was founded in the late 60s.
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Muzej Studio je osnovan kasnih 60-ih.
06:34
And I bring this up because it's important to locate
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I iznosim ovo jer je važno locirati
06:37
this practice in history.
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ovu praksu u povijesti,
06:39
To look at 1968,
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gledati u 1968. godinu,
06:41
in the incredible historic moment that it is,
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u taj nevjerojatan povijesni trenutak
06:43
and think of the arc that has happened since then,
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i misliti o luku koji se dogodio odonda,
06:46
to think of the possibilities that we are all
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misliti o mogućnostima u kojima svi mi
06:49
privileged to stand in today
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imamo danas privilegiju stajati,
06:51
and imagine that this museum
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i zamislite kako je taj muzej
06:53
that came out of a moment of great protest
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koji je izašao iz trenutka velikog prosvjeda,
06:55
and one that was so much about
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i u kojem se toliko radi o
06:57
examining the history and the legacy
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istraživanju povijesti i ostavštine
06:59
of important African-American artists
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važnih afričko-američkih umjetnika
07:02
to the history of art in this country
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povijesti umjetnosti u ovoj zemlji
07:04
like Jacob Lawrence, Norman Lewis,
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poput Jacoba Lawrencea, Normana Lewisa,
07:06
Romare Bearden.
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Romare Beardona.
07:08
And then, of course,
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I zatim, naravno,
07:10
to bring us to today.
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dovesti nas do danas.
07:12
In 1975, Muhammad Ali
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1975. godine, Mohammed Ali
07:14
gave a lecture at Harvard University.
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je održao predavanje na Svučilištu Harvard.
07:16
After his lecture, a student got up and said to him,
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Nakon njegova predavanja, student je ustao i rekao mu,
07:19
"Give us a poem."
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"Daj nam pjesmu."
07:21
And Mohammed Ali said, "Me, we."
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A Mohammed Ali je rekao, "Ja, Mi."
07:23
A profound statement about the individual and the community.
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Duboka izjava o pojedincu i zajednici,
07:26
The space in which now,
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prostor u kojem sada,
07:28
in my project of discovery, of thinking about artists,
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u mom projektu otkrića, o razmišljanju o umjetnicima,
07:31
of trying to define
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pokušavanju definiranja
07:33
what might be
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što bi mogao biti
07:35
black art cultural movement of the 21st century.
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kulturni pokret crne umjetnosti 21. stoljeća.
07:38
What that might mean
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Ono što bi moglo značiti
07:40
for cultural movements all over this moment,
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za kulturalne pokrete posvuda ovog trenutka,
07:43
the "me, we" seems
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"Ja, Mi" čini se
07:45
incredibly prescient
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nevjerojatno predviđajuće
07:47
totally important.
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i potpuno važno.
07:49
To this end,
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Do ovog trenutka,
07:51
the specific project that has made this possible for me
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specifičan projekt koji je to meni omogućio
07:54
is a series of exhibitions,
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su bili nizove izložbi,
07:56
all titled with an F --
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sve naslovljene s F,
07:58
Freestyle, Frequency and Flow --
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"Slobodan stil", "Frekvencija" i "Tok",
08:00
which have set out to discover
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koji imaju zadatak otkriti
08:02
and define
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i definirati
08:04
the young, black artists working in this moment
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mlade, crne umjetnike koji rade u ovom pokretu
08:07
who I feel strongly
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za koje čvrsto osjećam
08:09
will continue to work over the next many years.
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kako će nastaviti s radom tijekom idućih mnogo godina.
08:12
This series of exhibitions
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Ovi nizovi izložbi
08:14
was made specifically
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su napravljeni s razlogom
08:16
to try and question
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kako bi pokušali i ispitali
08:18
the idea of what it would mean
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ideju što bi značilo
08:20
now, at this point in history,
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sada, u ovom trenutku u povijesti,
08:22
to see art as a catalyst;
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vidjeti umjetnost kao katalizator,
08:25
what it means now, at this point in history,
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što znači sada, u ovom trenutku u povijesti,
08:27
as we define and redefine culture,
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kada definiramo i redefiniramo kulturu,
08:30
black culture specifically in my case,
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crnačku kulturu, naročito u mom slučaju,
08:32
but culture generally.
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ali i kulturu, općenito.
08:34
I named this group of artists
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Imenovala sam ovu grupu umjetnika
08:36
around an idea, which I put out there
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okupljenih oko ideje koju sam postavila tamo vani,
08:39
called post-black,
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post-crnci.
08:41
really meant to define them
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Doista sam ih htjela definirati
08:43
as artists who came and start their work now,
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kao umjetnike koji su sada došli i počeli sa svojim radom,
08:46
looking back at history but start in this moment, historically.
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gledajući unatrag na povijest, ali počinjući u ovom trenutku, povijesno.
08:50
It is really in this sense of discovery
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Doista u ovom smislu otkrića
08:53
that I have a new set of questions that I'm asking.
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imam novi set pitanja koja postavljam.
08:56
This new set of questions is:
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Taj novi set pitanja je:
08:58
What does it mean, right now,
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Što znači, upravo sada,
09:00
to be African-American in America?
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biti afrički-amerikanac u Americi?
09:03
What can artwork say about this?
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Što umjetničko djelo može reći o tome?
09:06
Where can a museum exist
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Gdje može postojati muzej
09:09
as the place for us all
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kao mjesto za sve nas
09:12
to have this conversation?
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da vodimo ovaj razgovor?
09:14
Really, most exciting about this
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Doista, najuzbudljivije u tome
09:16
is thinking about the energy and the excitement
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je razmišljanje o energiji i uzbuđenju
09:19
that young artists can bring.
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koje mladi umjetnici mogu donijeti.
09:21
Their works for me are about,
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Njihovi radovi su za mene o,
09:23
not always just simply
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ne uvijek, već jednostavno
09:25
about the aesthetic innovation
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o estetskoj inovaciji
09:27
that their minds imagine, that their visions create
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koju njihovi umovi zamišljaju, koju njihove vizije stvaraju
09:30
and put out there in the world,
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i stavljaju van u svijet,
09:32
but more, perhaps, importantly,
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ali još, možda, važnije,
09:34
through the excitement of the community
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kroz uzbuđenje zajednice
09:36
that they create as important voices
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koje oni stvaraju kao važni glasovi
09:39
that would allow us right now to understand our situation,
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koji će nam upravo sada dozvoliti da shvatimo našu situaciju,
09:42
as well as in the future.
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kao i u budućnosti.
09:44
I am continually amazed
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Neprestano sam očarana
09:47
by the way in which
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načinom na koji
09:49
the subject of race
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predmet rase
09:51
can take itself in many places
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može odvesti sebe na mnoga mjesta
09:54
that we don't imagine it should be.
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a koja ni ne zamišljamo kao prikladna.
09:56
I am always amazed
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Uvijek sam očarana
09:59
by the way in which artists are willing
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načinom na koji su umjetnici voljni
10:01
to do that in their work.
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to učiniti u svojim djelima.
10:03
It is why I look to art.
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To je razlog zbog kojeg promatram umjetnost.
10:05
It's why I ask questions of art.
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Zato postavljam pitanja o umjetnosti.
10:07
It is why I make exhibitions.
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Zato radim izložbe.
10:10
Now, this exhibition, as I said,
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Sada, ova izložba, kao što sam i rekla,
10:12
40 young artists done over the course of eight years,
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40 mladih umjetnika u vremenskom periodu od osam godina,
10:15
and for me it's about considering the implications.
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i za mene je to o uzimanju u obzir implikacija.
10:19
It's considering the implications of
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To je uzimanje u obzir implikacija
10:21
what this generation has to say to the rest of us.
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o tome što ta generacija ima nama ostalima za reći.
10:24
It's considering what it means for these artists
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To je uzimanje u obzir onoga što znači za te umjetnike
10:27
to be both out in the world as their work travels,
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da budu vani u svijetu, kako njihovi radovi putuju,
10:29
but in their communities
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ali i u njihovim zajednicama,
10:31
as people who are seeing and thinking
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kao ljudi koji vide i razmišljaju
10:34
about the issues that face us.
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o problemima s kojima smo suočeni.
10:37
It's also about thinking about
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Radi se i o razmišljanju o
10:39
the creative spirit and nurturing it,
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kreativnom duhu i njegovanju istog.
10:41
and imagining, particularly in urban America,
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I zamislite, naročito u urbanoj Americi,
10:43
about the nurturing of the spirit.
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o njegovanju duha.
10:46
Now, where, perhaps, does this end up right now?
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Sada, gdje, možda, to završava?
10:49
For me, it is about re-imagining
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Za mene, radi se o ponovnom osmišljavanju
10:52
this cultural discourse in an international context.
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tog kulturalnog diskursa u međunarodnom kontekstu.
10:55
So the last iteration of this project
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Dakle, posljednja iteracija ovog projekta
10:58
has been called Flow,
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je nazvana "Tok",
11:00
with the idea now of creating
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s idejom stvaranja
11:02
a real network
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stvarne mreže
11:04
of artists around the world;
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umjetnika diljem svijeta,
11:06
really looking, not so much
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doista gledanje, ne toliko
11:08
from Harlem and out, but looking across,
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iz Harlema i prema van, već gledanje poprijeko.
11:11
and Flow looked at artists all born on the continent of Africa.
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A "Tok" je promatrao umjetnike koji su svi rođeni na afričkom kontinentu.
11:14
And as many of us think about that continent
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I kako mnogi od nas misle o tom kontinentu
11:17
and think about what if means
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i misle o tome što znači
11:19
to us all in the 21st century,
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za sve nas u 21. stoljeću,
11:21
I have begun that looking
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počela sam kako gledanje
11:23
through artists, through artworks,
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kroz umjetnike, kroz umjetnička djela
11:25
and imagining what they can tell us about the future,
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i zamišljanje što nam mogu reći o budućnosti,
11:28
what they tell us about our future,
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što nam govore o našoj budućnosti
11:31
and what they create in their sense of
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i što stvaraju na svoj način u pogledu
11:34
offering us this great possibility of watching
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pružanja nam te velike prilike promatranja
11:37
that continent emerge as part
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kako kontinent niče kao dio
11:39
of our bigger dialogue.
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našeg većeg dijaloga.
11:41
So, what do I discover
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Dakle, što otkrivam
11:43
when I look at artworks?
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kada promatram umjetnička djela?
11:45
What do I think about
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O čemu razmišljam
11:47
when I think about art?
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kada razmišljam o umjetnosti?
11:49
I feel like the privilege I've had as a curator
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Osjećam kako privilegija koju sam imala kao kustos
11:51
is not just the discovery of new works,
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nije samo otkrivanje novih radova,
11:54
the discovery of exciting works.
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otkrivanje uzbudljivih radova,
11:56
But, really, it has been
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već, uistinu,
11:58
what I've discovered about myself
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ono što sam otkrila o sebi
12:00
and what I can offer
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i što mogu ponuditi
12:02
in the space of an exhibition,
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u prostoru izložbe,
12:04
to talk about beauty, to talk about power,
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pričanje o ljepoti, pričanje o moći,
12:07
to talk about ourselves,
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pričanje o nama samima,
12:09
and to talk and speak to each other.
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i pričati jedni s drugima.
12:12
That's what makes me get up every day
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To je ono zbog čega se budim svaki dan
12:15
and want to think about
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i želim razmišljati o
12:17
this generation of black artists and artists around the world.
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ovoj generaciji crnih umjetnika i umjetnika diljem svijeta.
12:20
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam.
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