Willie Smits: How to restore a rainforest

Prevoditelj: Robert Bosnjak Recezent: Nenad Maljković

I was walking in the market one day with my wife,

Jednoga sam dana sa ženom šetao tržnicom,

and somebody stuck a cage in my face.

kad mi netko uvali kavez pred lice.

And in between those slits

Između rešetaka su bile

were the saddest eyes I've ever seen.

najtužnije oči koje sam ikada vidio.

There was a very sick orangutan baby, my first encounter.

Unutra je bilo vrlo bolesno mladunče orangutana; moj prvi susret.

That evening I came back to the market in the dark

Te večeri vratio sam se na tržnicu po mraku

and I heard "uhh, uhh,"

i začuo "ahh, ahh," i...

and sure enough I found a dying orangutan baby on a garbage heap.

tu sam pronašao umiruće mladunče orangutana na hrpi smeća.

Of course, the cage was salvaged.

Naravno, kavez su zadržali.

I took up the little baby,

Uzeo sam tu mladu ženku,

massaged her, forced her to drink

masirao je, tjerao je da pije

until she finally started breathing normally.

sve dok nije počela normalno disati.

This is Uce.

Ovo je Uce.

She's now living in the jungle of Sungai Wain,

Sada živi u prašumi Sungai Wain,

and this is Matahari, her second son,

i ovo je Matahari, njen drugi sin,

which, by the way, is also the son of the second orangutan I rescued, Dodoy.

a on je također sin drugog orangutana kojega sam spasio, Dodoy-a.

That changed my life quite dramatically,

To mi je prilično dramatično promjenilo život,

and as of today, I have almost 1,000 babies in my two centers.

tako da danas imam skoro 1.000 mladunčadi u moja dva centra.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

No. No. No. Wrong.

Ne. Ne. Ne. Pogrešno.

It's horrible. It's a proof of our failing to save them in the wild.

To je stravično. To je dokaz da ih ne uspijevamo spasiti u divljini.

It's not good.

To nije dobro.

This is merely proof of everyone failing to do the right thing.

To je samo dokaz da svi mi ne uspijevamo ispravno postupiti.

Having more than all the orangutans in all the zoos in the world together,

Imajući u posjedu više orangutana nego svi zoološki vrtovi u svijetu zajedno,

just now like victims for every baby,

ali za svako takvo mladunče žrtvovano je

six have disappeared from the forest.

šest koji su nestali sa šumom.

The deforestation, especially for oil palm,

Krčenje šuma, posebno zbog uljnih palmi,

to provide biofuel for Western countries

zbog proizvodnje biogoriva za zapadne zemlje

is what's causing these problems.

uzrok je ovih problema.

And those are the peat swamp forests on 20 meters of peat,

A to su močvarne šume koje rastu na 20 metara treseta,

the largest accumulation of organic material in the world.

što je najveća akumulacija organskog materijala na svijetu.

When you open this for growing oil palms

Kada to izložite suncu zbog uzgoja uljnih palmi

you're creating CO2 volcanoes

stvarate CO2 vulkane

that are emitting so much CO2

koji ispuštaju tako mnogo CO2

that my country is now the third largest emitter of greenhouse gasses in the world,

da je moja zemlja sada treća na svijetu prema emisiji stakleničnih plinova,

after China and the United States.

nakon Kine i Sjedinjenih Država,

And we don't have any industry at all --

iako uopće nemamo industriju.

it's only because of this deforestation.

Samo zbog ovakvog krčenja šuma.

And these are horrible images.

I ovo su stravične slike.

I'm not going to talk too long about it,

Ne želim predugo pričati o tome,

but there are so many of the family of Uce,

ali postoji toliko pripadnika Uce-ine obitelji

which are not so fortunate to live out there in the forest,

koji nisu bili toliko sretni da žive u toj šumi,

that still have to go through that process.

koji tek trebaju to naučiti,

And I don't know anymore where to put them.

a ja ne znam gdje više da ih smjestim.

So I decided that I had to come up with a solution for her

Stoga sam odlučio da ću pronaći rješenje za njih,

but also a solution

ali također i rješenje

that will benefit the people that are trying to exploit those forests,

koje će biti od koristi ljudima koji eksploatiraju te šume,

to get their hands on the last timber

koji se žele dočepati i zadnjeg debla

and that are causing, in that way,

i koji na taj način uzrokuju

the loss of habitat and all those victims.

gubitak staništa i sve te žrtve.

So I created the place Samboja Lestari,

Zato sam stvorio mjesto Samboja Lestari,

and the idea was,

a ideja je bila

if I can do this on the worst possible place that I can think of

ako mogu to uraditi na najgorem mogućem mjestu za koje znam,

where there is really nothing left,

gdje ništa nije ostalo,

no one will have an excuse to say, "Yeah, but ..."

niko neće moći imati izgovora da kaže "Da, ali..."

No. Everyone should be able to follow this.

Ne. Svi bi trebali biti u stanju napraviti isto.

So we're in East Borneo. This is the place where I started.

Mi smo, dakle, u Istočnom Borneu. Ovo je mjesto odakle sam počeo.

As you can see there's only yellow terrain.

Kako možete vidjeti, ovdje postoji samo žuto zemljište,

There's nothing left -- just a bit of grass there.

ništa nije ostalo, samo nešto trave tamo.

In 2002 we had about 50 percent of the people jobless there.

2002. tu smo imali oko 50 posto nezaposlenih.

There was a huge amount of crime.

Kriminala je bilo jako puno.

People spent so much of their money on health issues and drinking water.

Ljudi su trošlili puno novca na liječenje i pitku vodu.

There was no agricultural productivity left.

Više nije postojala nikakva poljoprivredna djelatnost.

This was the poorest district in the whole province

Ovo je bio najsiromašniji okrug cijele provincije,

and it was a total extinction of wildlife.

sav je biljni i životnjski svijet bio uništen.

This was like a biological desert.

To je bilo kao biološka pustinja.

When I stood there in the grass, it's hot -- not even the sound of insects --

Kada sam stajao tamo u travi; tamo je vruće -- nisu se čuli ni kuci --

just this waving grass.

samo šuštanje trave.

Still, four years later we have created jobs for about 3,000 people.

Ipak, četiri godine kasnije stvorili smo posao za oko 3.000 ljudi.

The climate has changed. I will show you:

Klima se promijenila. Pokazat ću vam...

no more flooding, no more fires.

nema više poplava, nema više požara.

It's no longer the poorest district,

To više nije najsiromašniji okrug,

and there is a huge development of biodiversity.

a tu je i velik porast bioraznolikosti.

We've got over 1,000 species. We have 137 bird species as of today.

Imamo preko 1.000 vrsta stabala, danas imamo 137 vrsta ptica.

We have 30 species of reptiles.

Imamo 30 vrsta reptila.

So what happened here? We created a huge economic failure in this forest.

Što se ovdje dogodilo? U ovoj smo šumi napravili ogromnu ekonomsku grešku.

So basically the whole process of destruction

Zapravo je cijeli proces uništenja

had gone a bit slower than what is happening now with the oil palm.

bio nešto sporiji od onoga što se danas događa s uljnim palmama.

But we saw the same thing.

Ali vidjeli smo istu stvar --

We had slash and burn agriculture;

imali smo poljoprivredu tipa posjeci i zapali;

people cannot afford the fertilizer,

ljudi si ne mogu priuštiti gnojivo

so they burn the trees and have the minerals available there;

pa spale drveće i pola tamo dostupnih minerala.

the fires become more frequent,

Požari postaju češći

and after a while you're stuck with an area of land

i nakon nekog vremena preostane ti

where there is no fertility left.

komad zemljišta koje nije više plodno.

There are no trees left.

Nema više drveća.

Still, in this place, in this grassland

Ipak, na ovom mjestu, na tim livadama

where you can see our very first office there on that hill,

na kojima možete vidjeti naš prvi ured tamo na onom brdu,

four years later, there is this one green blop on the Earth's surface ...

četiri godine kasnije stvorena je ova masa zelenila na površini Zemlje...

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And there are all these animals, and all these people happy,

I tamo su sve ove životinje, i svi ovi ljudi - sretni,

and there's this economic value.

i tamo je sva ova ekonomska vrijednost.

So how's this possible?

Kako je to moguće?

It was quite simple. If you'll look at the steps:

Bilo je vrlo jednostavno, ako razmotrimo ove korake:

we bought the land, we dealt with the fire,

kupili smo zemlju, prekinuli paljevinu,

and then only, we started doing the reforestation

i tek nakon toga smo krenuli sa pošumljavanjem

by combining agriculture with forestry.

kombinirajući poljoprivredu sa šumarstvom.

Only then we set up the infrastructure and management and the monetary.

Tek onda smo postavili infrastruturu, menadžment i nadzor.

But we made sure that in every step of the way

Ali, pobrinuli smo se da na svakom koraku

the local people were going to be fully involved

lokalno stanovništvo bude potpuno uključeno

so that no outside forces would be able to interfere with that.

tako da ne bude uplitanja vanjskih čimbenika.

The people would become the defenders of that forest.

Da ljudi postanu branitelji te šume.

So we do the "people, profit, planet" principles,

Mi, dakle, provodimo načelo "ljudi, profit, planet"

but we do it in addition

ali to radimo uz još nešto --

to a sure legal status --

siguran pravni status --

because if the forest belongs to the state,

jer ako šuma pripada državi

people say, "It belongs to me, it belongs to everyone."

ljudi će reći pripada meni, tj. pripada svakome.

And then we apply all these other principles

Uz to primjenjujemo i sve ostale principe

like transparency, professional management, measurable results,

poput transparentnosti, profesionalnog menadžmenta, mjerivih rezultata,

scalability, [unclear], etc.

skalabilnosti, replikabilnosti, itd.

What we did was we formulated recipes --

Ono što smo učinili jest da smo formulirali recepte

how to go from a starting situation where you have nothing

kako krenuti sa startne situacije gdje nemate ništa

to a target situation.

do ciljne situacije.

You formulate a recipe based upon the factors you can control,

Formulirate recept na osnovu faktora koje možete kontrolirati.

whether it be the skills or the fertilizer or the plant choice.

Bilo da su to vještine ili gnojivo ili izbor biljaka.

And then you look at the outputs and you start measuring what comes out.

Tada pogledate na ishode i započnete s mjerenjem rezultata.

Now in this recipe you also have the cost.

U takvom receptu također imate i troškove.

You also know how much labor is needed.

Također znate koliko je rada potrebno.

If you can drop this recipe on the map

Ako taj recept možete baciti na mapu,

on a sandy soil, on a clay soil,

na pješčano tlo, na glineno tlo,

on a steep slope, on flat soil,

na strmu padinu, na ravnicu,

you put those different recipes; if you combine them,

ako razvijete tako različite recepte; ako ih iskombinirate,

out of that comes a business plan,

iz toga proizađe poslovni plan,

comes a work plan, and you can optimize it

proizađe radni plan, i možete ga optimizirati

for the amount of labor you have available or for the amount of fertilizer you have,

za količinu radne snage koju imate dostupnu ili za količinu gnojiva koje imate,

and you can do it.

i možete ga primjeniti.

This is how it looks like in practice. We have this grass we want to get rid of.

Ovako to izgleda u praksi. Imamo ovu travu koje se želimo rješiti.

It exudes [unclear]-like compounds from the roots.

Ona ispušta alkalne spojeve iz korjenja,

The acacia trees are of a very low value

ali stabla akacije su male vrijednosti

but we need them to restore the micro-climate, to protect the soil

no trebaju nam za obnavljanje mikro klime, kako bismo zaštitili zemljište

and to shake out the grasses.

i riješili se trava.

And after eight years they might actually yield some timber --

I nakon 8 godine mogli bi čak imati i debla za eksploataciju,

that is, if you can preserve it in the right way,

tj, ako ga očuvamo na pravi način,

which we can do with bamboo peels.

što možemo učiniti sa bambusovom korom.

It's an old temple-building technique from Japan

To je stara japanska tehnika za građenje hramova

but bamboo is very fire-susceptible.

ali bambus je veoma podložan vatri.

So if we would plant that in the beginning

Ako bi ga posadili na početku

we would have a very high risk of losing everything again.

ima li bi visok rizik ponovnog gubitka svega

So we plant it later, along the waterways

Stoga ga posadimo kasnije, uz kanale za navodnjavanje

to filter the water, provide the raw products

u svrhu filtriranja vode, i dobivanja sirovine

just in time for when the timber becomes available.

upravo u vrijeme kada debla budu spremna.

So the idea is: how to integrate these flows

Ideja je sljedeća: kako integrirati sve te tokove

in space, over time and with the limited means you have.

u prostoru, vremenu i s ograničenim sredstvima koja imate.

So we plant the trees, we plant these pineapples

Stoga posadimo drveće, posadimo ove ananase

and beans and ginger in between, to reduce the competition for the trees,

i grahorice i đumbir između, da umanjimo konkurenciju za drveće,

the crop fertilizer. Organic material is useful for the agricultural crops,

gnojivo za kulture -- organski materijal je koristan za poljoprivredne kulture

for the people, but also helps the trees. The farmers have free land,

za ljude, ali također i za drveće, poljoprivrednici imaju slobodnu zemlju,

the system yields early income, the orangutans get healthy food

sustav proizvodi godišnji prihod, orangutani dobivaju zdravu hranu

and we can speed up ecosystem regeneration

a mi možemo ubrzati regeneraciju ekosustava

while even saving some money.

pa čak i uštedjeti nešto novca.

So beautiful. What a theory.

Tako divno. Kakva teorija.

But is it really that easy?

Ali je li to zbilja tako lako?

Not really, because if you looked at what happened in 1998,

Ne baš, jer ako ste vidjeli šta se desilo 1998,

the fire started.

požari su započeli.

This is an area of about 50 million hectares.

Ovo je područje od oko 50 miliona hektara.

January.

Siječanj.

February.

Veljača.

March.

Ožujak.

April.

Travanj.

May.

Svibanj.

We lost 5.5 million hectares in just a matter of a few months.

Izgubili smo 5.5 milijuna hektara u samo nekoliko mjeseci.

This is because we have 10,000 of those underground fires

Zato jer imamo 10.000 takvih podzemnih požara

that you also have in Pennsylvania here in the United States.

kakve imate i vi u Pennsylvaniji, ovdje u Sjedinjenim Državama.

And once the soil gets dried, you're in a dry season -- you get cracks,

A kad se zemlja isuši, kad dođe sušno razdoblje, zemlja popuca,

oxygen goes in, flames come out and the problem starts all over again.

kisik uđe unutra, plamen krene van i problem započne opet iznova.

So how to break that cycle?

Pa kako prekinuti taj ciklus?

Fire is the biggest problem.

Požari su najveći problem.

This is what it looked like for three months.

Ovako je izgledalo čak tri mjeseca.

For three months, the automatic lights outside did not go off

Tri mjeseca se vanjsko automatsko osvjetljenje nije gasilo

because it was that dark.

jer je bilo toliko mračno.

We lost all the crops. No children gained weight for over a year;

Izgubili smo sve kulture, nijedno dijete nije dobilo na težini čitave godine.

they lost 12 IQ points. It was a disaster

Izgubili su 12 bodova na testu inteligencije; bila je to katastrofa

for orangutans and people.

za orangutane i ljude.

So these fires are really the first things to work on.

Dakle ti požari prvi moraju biti riješeni.

That was why I put it as a single point up there.

Zato sam ih ovdje i stavio kao zasebnu točku.

And you need the local people for that because these grasslands,

Potrebno vam je lokalno stanovništvo, jer ova travnata područja

once they start burning ... It goes through it like a windstorm

kada počnu gorjeti, vatra prođe kroz njih kao oluja

and you lose again the last bit of ash and nutrients

i vi ponovo izgubite zadnju trunku pepela i hranjivih sastojaka

to the first rainfall -- going to the sea

s prvim kišama koje ih otplave prema moru,

killing off the coral reefs there.

gdje uništavaju koraljne grebene.

So you have to do it with the local people.

Stoga morate to raditi sa lokalnim stanovništvom.

That is the short-term solution but you also need a long-term solution.

To je kratkoročno rješenje, ali morate imati i dugoročno rješenje.

So what we did is, we created

Stoga smo posadili

a ring of sugar palms around the area.

krug šećernih palmi oko područja.

These sugar palms turn out to be fire-resistant --

Šećerne palme su otporne na vatru,

also flood-resistant, by the way --

uz to su i otporne na poplave.

and they provide a lot of income for local people.

A omogućuju i pristojne prihode za lokalno stanovništvo.

This is what it looks like:

Ovako to izgleda:

the people have to tap them twice a day -- just a millimeter slice --

ljudi ih moraju zarezati dvaput dnevno, samo milimetarski rez

and the only thing you harvest is sugar water,

i jedino što ubirete jeste šećerna voda

carbon dioxide, rain fall and a little bit of sunshine.

- ugljični dioksid, kiša i malo sunca.

In principle, you make those trees into

Vi zapravo od tog drveća napravite

biological photovoltaic cells.

biološke fotovoltažne ćelije.

And you can create so much energy from this --

I iz ovoga možete proizvesti puno energije

they produce three times more energy per hectare per year,

jer one proizvode trostruko više energije po hektaru po godini

because you can tap them on a daily basis.

jer ih se zarezuje svakodnevno.

You don't need to harvest [unclear]

Ne trebate dirati u rasadnik

or any other of the crops.

ili bilo koju od kultura.

So this is the combination where we have all this genetic potential in the tropics,

Ovo je kombinacija gdje imamo sav taj genetski potencijal tropa,

which is still unexploited, and doing it in combination with technology.

koji je još uvijek neiskorišten, i koristimo ga u kombinaciji sa tehnologijom

But also your legal side needs to be in very good order.

ali također vaša zakonska strana treba biti u redu.

So we bought that land,

Stoga smo kupili zemljište

and here is where we started our project --

i ovdje smo započeli naš projekt,

in the middle of nowhere.

u središtu pustare.

And if you zoom in a bit you can see that all of this area

I ako uvećate malo vidjeti ćete da je sve ovo područe

is divided into strips that go over different types of soil,

podjeljeno u trake koje pokrivaju razne tipove zemljišta

and we were actually monitoring,

i mi u stvari pratimo,

measuring every single tree in these 2,000 hectares, 5,000 acres.

mjerimo svako pojedinačno stablo na ovih 2.000 hektara, 20 km2.

And this forest is quite different.

A ova šuma je posve drugačija.

What I really did was I just followed nature,

Zapravo sam samo pratio prirodu,

and nature doesn't know monocultures,

a u prirodi ne postoje monokulture,

but a natural forest is multilayered.

već prirodna šuma ima više razina.

That means that both in the ground and above the ground

To znači da i na zemlji i iznad zemlje

it can make better use of the available light,

može bolje iskoristiti dostupno svijetlo,

it can store more carbon in the system, it can provide more functions.

može uskladištiti ugljik u sustav, može omogućiti više funkcija,

But, it's more complicated. It's not that simple, and you have to work with the people.

ali još više je zamršeno, nije tako jednostavno i morate raditi sa ljudima.

So, just like nature,

Ono što radimo je također, kao priroda,

we also grow fast planting trees and underneath that,

uzgajamo brzorastuće drveće i ispod njega

we grow the slower growing, primary-grain forest trees of a very high diversity

uzgajamo sporo rastuće, visoko kvalitetno šumsko drveće visoke raznolikosti

that can optimally use that light. Then,

koje može optimalno iskoristiti svetlo i onda,

what is just as important: get the right fungi in there

što je jednako važno, postaviti tamo ispravne gljive

that will grow into those leaves, bring back the nutrients

koje će urasti u to lišće, vratiti hranjive materije

to the roots of the trees that have just dropped that leaf within 24 hours.

korijenju drveća s kojeg je to lišće opalo u zadnja 24 sata.

And they become like nutrient pumps.

I one postaju pumpe hranjivih materija

You need the bacteria to fix nitrogen,

i potebne su vam bakterije da vežu dušik,

and without those microorganisms, you won't have any performance at all.

i bez tih mikroorganizama, nećete postići nikakve rezultate.

And then we started planting -- only 1,000 trees a day.

I tada smo počeli sadnju -- samo 1.000 stabala dnevno.

We could have planted many, many more, but we didn't want to

Mogli smo posaditi mnogo, mnogo više, ali nismo htjeli

because we wanted to keep the number of jobs stable.

jer smo željeli održati stabilan broj radnih mjesta.

We didn't want to lose the people

Nismo željeli izgubiti ljude

that are going to work in that plantation.

koji će raditi na toj plantaži.

And we do a lot of work here.

A mi ovdje imamo jako puno posla.

We use indicator plants to look at what soil types,

Koristimo biljke koje upućuju na vrstu zemljišta,

or what vegetables will grow, or what trees will grow here.

ili koje će povrće, ili kakvo će drveće tamo rasti.

And we have monitored every single one of those trees from space.

Pratili smo svako pojedinačno stablo iz svemira.

This is what it looks like in reality;

Ovako to izgleda u stvarnosti,

you have this irregular ring around it,

imate ovaj nepravilan krugu uokolo,

with strips of 100 meters wide, with sugar palms

sa 100 metara širokim trakama šećernih palmi

that can provide income for 648 families.

koje mogu dati prihod za 648 obitelji.

It's only a small part of the area.

I to je samo mali dio područja.

The nursery, in here, is quite different.

Rasadnik, ovo ovdje, je sasvim drugačiji.

If you look at the number of tree species we have in Europe, for instance,

Ako pogledate na broj vrsta stabala koje imamo na primjer u Europi,

from the Urals up to England, you know how many?

od Urala do Engleske, znate li koliko imamo?

165.

165

In this nursery, we're going to grow 10 times more than the number of species.

U ovom rasadniku, uzgajat ćemo 10 puta veći broj vrsta.

Can you imagine?

Možete li zamisliti?

You do need to know what you are working with,

Trebate znati sa čime radite,

but it's that diversity which makes it work.

ali upravo je raznolikost ono što sve pokreće.

That you can go from this zero situation,

Da možete poći od ove nulte situacije

by planting the vegetables and the trees, or directly, the trees

sadnjom povrća i drveća, ili direktno drveća

in the lines in that grass there,

u linijama u toj travi,

putting up the buffer zone, producing your compost,

postavljajući zaštitnu zonu, proizvodeći svoj kompost,

and then making sure that at every stage of that up growing forest

i onda se pobrinuti da na svakom koraku ove rastuće šume

there are crops that can be used.

postoje kulture koje se mogu iskorištavati.

In the beginning, maybe pineapples and beans and corn;

U početku, možda ananas i grahorice i kukuruz.

in the second phase, there will be bananas and papayas;

U drugoj fazi bit će banane i papaje.

later on, there will be chocolate and chilies.

Kasnije bit će čokolade i čili.

And then slowly, the trees start taking over,

I onda, polako, drveće počinje prevladavati,

bringing in produce from the fruits, from the timber, from the fuel wood.

donoseći rod, od voća, debla, drva za gorivo.

And finally, the sugar palm forest takes over

I na kraju šuma šećerne palme prevlada

and provides the people with permanent income.

i omogućuje ljudima stalne prihode.

On the top left, underneath those green stripes,

Gore lijevo, ispod tih zelenih traka,

you see some white dots -- those are actually individual pineapple plants

vidite neke bijele točke -- to su zapravo pojedinačne sadnice ananasa

that you can see from space.

koje možete vidjeti iz svemira.

And in that area we started growing some acacia trees

U ovom smo području započeli uzgajati stabla akacije

that you just saw before.

koja ste vidjeli prije

So this is after one year.

Dakle ovo je godinu poslije.

And this is after two years.

I ovo je nakon dvije godine.

And that's green. If you look from the tower --

Ako ovo zeleno, ako gledate s tornja,

this is when we start attacking the grass.

to je kada smo započeli napadati travu.

We plant in the seedlings

Posadili smo sadnice

mixed with the bananas, the papayas, all the crops for the local people,

pomiješane s bananama, papayom, kulturama za lokalno stanovništvo,

but the trees are growing up fast in between as well.

ali u međuvremenu drveće također raste brzo.

And three years later, 137 species of birds are living here.

I tri godine kasnije, 137 vrsta ptica... koje možete čuti.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

So we lowered air temperature three to five degrees Celsius.

Dakle spustili smo temparaturu zraka za tri do pet stupnja Celzijusa.

Air humidity is up 10 percent.

Vlažnost zraka porasla je za 10 posto.

Cloud cover -- I'm going to show it to you -- is up.

Oblačnost -- pokazat ću vam -- raste.

Rainfall is up.

Kišne padaline rastu.

And all these species and income.

I sve ove vrste donose prihod.

This ecolodge that I built here,

Ova eko koliba koju sam sagradio,

three years before, was an empty, yellow field.

na tom je mjestu prije tri godine bilo prazno, žuto polje.

This transponder that we operate with the European Space Agency --

Ovaj transponder Evropske svemirske agencije

it gives us the benefit that every satellite that comes over to calibrate itself

koristimo tako da svaki satelit koji prolazi preko nas u trenutku kalibracije

is taking a picture.

fotografira područje.

Those pictures we use to analyze how much carbon, how the forest is developing,

S tih fotografija analiziramo koje je koliko je ugljika, koliko se šuma razvila,

and we can monitor every tree using satellite images through our cooperation.

i možemo pratiti svako stablo koristeći satelitske fotografije,

We can use these data now

ali te podatke sada možemo koristiti

to provide other regions with recipes and the same technology.

da ostalim regijama damo recepte i istu tehnologiju.

We actually have it already with Google Earth.

Mi to zapravo već imamo na Google Earthu.

If you would use a little bit of your technology to put tracking devices in trucks,

Ako bi htjeli upotrijebiti malo vaše tehnologije i postaviti uređaje za praćenje u kamione

and use Google Earth in combination with that,

i koristili Google Earth u kombinaciji s tim

you could directly tell what palm oil has been sustainably produced,

mogli bi izravno znati koje je palmino ulje održivo proizvedeno,

which company is stealing the timber,

koje kompanije kradu debla

and you could save so much more carbon

i mogli bi uštedjeti puno više ugljika

than with any measure of saving energy here.

nego sa svim mjerama za uštedu energije ovdje.

So this is the Samboja Lestari area.

Ovo je, dakle, područje Samboja Lestari,

You measure how the trees grow back,

mjerite kako se drveće obnavlja,

but you can also measure the biodiversity coming back.

ali također možete mjeriti kako se vraća bioraznolikost.

And biodiversity is an indicator of how much water can be balanced,

A bioraznolikost je pokazatelj količine vode koja može biti usklađena,

how many medicines can be kept here.

koliko se lijekova može ovdje držati.

And finally I made it into the rain machine

I konačno, pretvorili smo ga u stroj za kišu

because this forest is now creating its own rain.

jer ova šuma sada stvara svoju kišu.

This nearby city of Balikpapan has a big problem with water;

Obližnji grad Balikpapan ima veliki problem s vodom,

it's 80 percent surrounded by seawater,

Okružen je 80 posto morskom vodom

and we have now a lot of intrusion there.

i tu je sada puno upada.

Now we looked at the clouds above this forest;

Sad smo gledali na oblake iznad ove šume,

we looked at the reforestation area, the semi-open area and the open area.

pa na pošumljeno područne, poluotvoreno područen i otvoreno područje.

And look at these images.

I pogledajte ove slike.

I'll just run them very quickly through.

Brzo ću vas provesti kroz njih.

In the tropics, raindrops are not formed from ice crystals,

U tropama, kišne kapi nisu formirane od ledenih kristala

which is the case in the temperate zones,

kao što je slučaj u umjerenim zonama,

you need the trees with [unclear], chemicals that come out of the leaves of the trees

trebate drveća s kemikalije koje izlaze iz lišća stabala

that initiate the raindrops.

koja iniciraju kišne kapi.

So you create a cool place where clouds can accumulate,

Dakle stvorite hladno mjesto na kojem se oblaci mogu akumulirati,

and you have the trees to initiate the rain.

i imate drveće koje inicira kišu.

And look, there's now 11.2 percent more clouds --

I pogledajte, sada ima 11,2 posto više oblaka,

already, after three years.

to je bilo već nakon tri godine.

If you look at rainfall, it was already up 20 percent at that time.

Ako pogledate na padaline, već su povećane za 20 posto.

Let's look at the next year,

Pogledajmo na narednu godinu,

and you can see that that trend is continuing.

i možete vidjeti da se ovaj trend nastavlja.

Where at first we had a small cap of higher rainfall,

Gdje smo na početku imali malu učestalost većih padavina.

that cap is now widening and getting higher.

ta se učestalost sada širi i količina postaje veća.

And if we look at the rainfall pattern

I ako pogledamo na obrazac padalina

above Samboja Lestari, it used to be the driest place,

iznad Samoja Lestari, to je bilo najsušnije područje,

but now you see consistently see a peak of rain forming there.

ali sada se može vidjeti da se tamo dosljedno stvara najviše kiše

So you can actually change the climate.

Dakle zbilja možete promjenuti klimu.

When there are trade winds of course the effect disappears,

Naravno, u sezoni tropskih vjetrova efekat nestane,

but afterwards, as soon as the wind stabilizes,

ali poslije, čim se vjetar stabilizira,

you see again that the rainfall peaks come back above this area.

možete vidjeti da je maksimum padavina ponovo iznad ovog područja.

So to say it is hopeless is not the right thing to do,

Dakle, reći da nema nade nije ispravno,

because we actually can make that difference

jer mi u stvari možemo to promijeniti

if you integrate the various technologies.

ako objedinimo razne tehnologije.

And it's nice to have the science, but it still depends mostly upon the people,

I lijepo je imati znanost, ali ipak najviše ovisi o ljudima,

on your education.

o vašoj edukaciji.

We have our farmer schools.

Imamo naše škole za poljoprivrednike.

But the real success of course, is our band --

Ali pravi uspjeh je naravno, naš bend

because if a baby is born, we will play, so everyone's our family

jer ako se beba rodi, mi ćemo svirati, svi su naša obitelj

and you don't make trouble with your family.

i ne pravite probleme sa vašom obitelji.

This is how it looks.

To tako izgleda.

We have this road going around the area,

Imamo cestu koja ide oko ovog područja,

which brings the people electricity and water from our own area.

koja donosi ljudima struju i vodu sa našeg područja.

We have the zone with the sugar palms,

Imamo zone sa šećernim palmama,

and then we have this fence with very thorny palms

i onda imamo ovu ogradu sa vrlo trnovitim palmama

to keep the orangutans -- that we provide with a place to live in the middle --

da bi zadržala orangutane -- kojima osiguravamo mjesto da žive u sredini ---

and the people apart.

i ljude razdvojene.

And inside, we have this area for reforestation

A unutra imamo ovo područje za pošumljavanje

as a gene bank to keep all that material alive,

kao genetsku banku za održavanje materijala živim,

because for the last 12 years

jer u posljednjih 12 godina

not a single seedling of the tropical hardwood trees has grown up

niti jedna sadnica tropskog drveta nije izrasla

because the climatic triggers have disappeared.

usljed nestanka klimatskih okidača.

All the seeds get eaten.

Sve sjeme biva pojedeno.

So now we do the monitoring on the inside --

Dakle sada pratimo iznutra

from towers, satellites, ultralights.

s tornjeva, sa satelita, pomoću UV senzora.

Each of the families that have sold their land now get a piece of land back.

Svaka od obitelji koja je prodala svoju zemlju sada dobiva komad zemlje nazad.

And it has two nice fences of tropical hardwood trees --

I ima dvije fine ograde od tropskih stabala,

you have the shade trees planted in year one,

imate krošnjevito drveće posađeno prve godine

then you underplanted with the sugar palms,

ispod kojeg ste posadili šećerne palme

and you plant this thorny fence.

i posadili ovu trnovitu ogradu.

And after a few years, you can remove some of those shade trees.

A nakon nekoliko godina možete srušiti neko od tih krošnjevitih stabala,

The people get that acacia timber which we have preserved with the bamboo peel,

ljudi će dobiti debla akacija koje smo očuvali s bambusovim korama,

and they can build a house, they have some fuel wood to cook with.

i mogu sagraditi dom, mogu imati nešto drveta za potpalu za kuhanje.

And they can start producing from the trees as many as they like.

I mogu početi ubiranjem plodova sa drveća po želji

They have enough income for three families.

Imaju dovoljno prihoda za tri obitelji.

But whatever you do in that program, it has to be fully supported by the people,

Šta god radili u tom programu, mora biti u potpunosti podržano od strane ljudi,

meaning that you also have to adjust it to the local, cultural values.

što znači da se morate prilagoditi lokalnim kulturnim vrijednostima

There is no simple one recipe for one place.

Ne postoji jednostavan, jedan recept za svako mjesto.

You also have to make sure that it is very difficult to corrupt --

Morate osigurati da sustav bude vrlo teško korumpirati,

that it's transparent.

da je transparentan.

Like here, in Samboja Lestari,

Kao ovdje u Samboja Lestari,

we divide that ring in groups of 20 families.

podijelili smo krug u grupe od po 20 obitelji.

If one member trespasses the agreement,

Ako jedan član prekrši dogovor

and does cut down trees,

i sasječe drveće

the other 19 members have to decide what's going to happen to him.

ostalih 19 članova mora odlučiti šta će biti s njim.

If the group doesn't take action,

Ako grupa ništa ne poduzme,

the other 33 groups have to decide what is going to happen to the group

ostale 33 grupe će morati odlučiti šta će se dogoditi toj grupi

that doesn't comply with those great deals that we are offering them.

koja se nije pridržaval dobrih pogodbi koje smo im ponudili.

In North Sulawesi it is the cooperative --

U sjevernom Sulawesiju to je zadruga,

they have a democratic culture there,

tamo imaju demokratsku kulturu

so there you can use the local justice system to protect your system.

stoga tamo možete koristiti lokalno pravosuđe kao zaštitu sustava.

In summary, if you look at it, in year one the people can sell their land

Dakle, zaključno, pogledajte: u prvoj godini ljudi mogu prodati svoju zemlju

to get income, but they get jobs back in the construction and the reforestation,

da dobiju prihode, ali dobiju nazad poslove u izgradnji i pošumljavanju,

the working with the orangutans, and they can use the waste wood to make handicraft.

radeći sa orangutanima, mogu koristiti otpadno drvo za rukotvorine.

They also get free land in between the trees,

Također dobiju slobodnu zemljište između stabala,

where they can grow their crops.

gdje mogu posaditi svoje kulture.

They can now sell part of those fruits to the orangutan project.

Dio svoga voća mogu prodati projektu orangutana.

They get building material for houses,

Dobiju građevinski materijal za kuće,

a contract for selling the sugar,

ugovor za prodaju šećera

so we can produce huge amounts of ethanol and energy locally.

da možemo proizvesti velike količine etanola i energije lokalno.

They get all these other benefits: environmentally, money,

Dobijaju i sve te ostale blagodati u svojem okolišu, novac,

they get education -- it's a great deal.

dobiju školovanje, to je odličan posao.

And everything is based upon that one thing --

I sve se temelji na jednome --

make sure that forest remains there.

pobrinuti se da šuma ostane tamo.

So if we want to help the orangutans --

Dakle ako želimo pomoći orangutanima --

what I actually set out to do --

što je zapravo i bila naša namjera --

we must make sure that the local people are the ones that benefit.

moramo se pobrinuti da lokalno stanovništvo ima od toga koristi.

Now I think the real key to doing it, to give a simple answer,

Mislim da je pravi ključ za to, da dam jednostavan odgovor,

is integration.

jest intergracija.

I hope -- if you want to know more, you can read more.

Nadam se -- ako želite doznati više, možete čitati više.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)