Willie Smits: How to restore a rainforest

160,079 views ใƒป 2009-03-03

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Heeseon Paik ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:18
I was walking in the market one day with my wife,
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ์•„๋‚ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:21
and somebody stuck a cage in my face.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ œ ์–ผ๊ตด ์•ž์— (๋™๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋‘๋Š”) ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:23
And in between those slits
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์ฐฝ์‚ด ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ๋ˆˆ์ด ๋ณด์˜€์ฃ 
00:25
were the saddest eyes I've ever seen.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ๋ˆˆ์€ ์ œ ํ‰์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:27
There was a very sick orangutan baby, my first encounter.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์—๋Š” ์•„ํ”ˆ ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:30
That evening I came back to the market in the dark
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์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์ฃ  ๊ทธ ๋‚  ์ €๋…
00:33
and I heard "uhh, uhh,"
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์ €๋Š” ์–ด๋‘ ์— ์ž ๊ธด ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:36
and sure enough I found a dying orangutan baby on a garbage heap.
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์‹ ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋”๋ฏธ ์œ„์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
00:41
Of course, the cage was salvaged.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‹ค ๋ถ€์„œ์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:43
I took up the little baby,
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๊ทธ ์ž‘์€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์•„ ์˜ฌ๋ ค
00:45
massaged her, forced her to drink
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๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์„ ๋จน์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:48
until she finally started breathing normally.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธํก์„ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰ํ˜”์ฃ 
00:51
This is Uce.
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'์šฐ์ฒด'์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์•”๋†ˆ์ด์ฃ 
00:53
She's now living in the jungle of Sungai Wain,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ ์ž์™€ ์™€์ธ ์ •๊ธ€์—์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:55
and this is Matahari, her second son,
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์ด ์•„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋งˆํƒ€ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฒด์˜ ๋‘˜์งธ ์•„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:57
which, by the way, is also the son of the second orangutan I rescued, Dodoy.
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์šฐ์ฒด ๋‹ค์Œ์— ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋„๋„์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋น ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:02
That changed my life quite dramatically,
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์ด ์ผ์€ ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์„ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:04
and as of today, I have almost 1,000 babies in my two centers.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์•ฝ ์ฒœ์—ฌ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„์ด
01:09
(Applause)
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์ €ํฌ ์„ผํ„ฐ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
01:11
No. No. No. Wrong.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:13
It's horrible. It's a proof of our failing to save them in the wild.
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๋”์ฐํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ฃ  ์ž์—ฐ์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ง‰์•˜์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:16
It's not good.
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๋ฐ•์ˆ˜์น  ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:18
This is merely proof of everyone failing to do the right thing.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ผ์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์žก์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋ž€ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:22
Having more than all the orangutans in all the zoos in the world together,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋™๋ฌผ์›์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ์ „์ฒด ์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค
01:26
just now like victims for every baby,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:29
six have disappeared from the forest.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—๋„ 6๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:32
The deforestation, especially for oil palm,
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์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด, ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ์„œ๋ฐฉ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์›์ธ
01:34
to provide biofuel for Western countries
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์•ผ์ž์œ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด๊ฐ€
01:37
is what's causing these problems.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:40
And those are the peat swamp forests on 20 meters of peat,
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์ด ๊ณณ์€ ๊นŠ์ด 20๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ดํƒ„์ธต ์œ„์— ์ž๋ฆฌํ•œ ๋Šช์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:43
the largest accumulation of organic material in the world.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ ์ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ 
01:46
When you open this for growing oil palms
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์•ผ์ž์ˆ˜ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด
01:49
you're creating CO2 volcanoes
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ํ™”์‚ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:51
that are emitting so much CO2
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ
01:54
that my country is now the third largest emitter of greenhouse gasses in the world,
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์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์ด์–ด ์ œ3์œ„
01:59
after China and the United States.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:01
And we don't have any industry at all --
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์‚ฐ์—…์‹œ์„ค์€ ์ผ์ฒด ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
02:04
it's only because of this deforestation.
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ํŒŒ๊ดด๋œ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
02:07
And these are horrible images.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š”
02:10
I'm not going to talk too long about it,
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๊ธด ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:12
but there are so many of the family of Uce,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ์ฒด์™€ ๊ทธ ์ƒˆ๋ผ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
02:14
which are not so fortunate to live out there in the forest,
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์ˆฒ์—์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๊ฒช์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”
02:18
that still have to go through that process.
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์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:20
And I don't know anymore where to put them.
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์ด๋“ค์„ ์–ด๋””์— ๋‘ฌ์•ผํ•  ์ง€ ์ €๋„ ๋”๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:22
So I decided that I had to come up with a solution for her
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ์ฐ์ด ๊ฒฐ์‹ฌ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:26
but also a solution
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์šฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
02:28
that will benefit the people that are trying to exploit those forests,
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊นŒ์ง€
02:32
to get their hands on the last timber
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์†์„ ๋ฐ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ
02:35
and that are causing, in that way,
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ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”
02:38
the loss of habitat and all those victims.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด์ž๋ผ๊ณ ์š”
02:41
So I created the place Samboja Lestari,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ผ๋ณด์ž ๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:43
and the idea was,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:45
if I can do this on the worst possible place that I can think of
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๋งŒ์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณค ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
02:48
where there is really nothing left,
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ํ™ฉํํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋•…์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด
02:50
no one will have an excuse to say, "Yeah, but ..."
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณ€๋ช…์€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค "์ข‹๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ"๋ž€ ๋ง์€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€
02:54
No. Everyone should be able to follow this.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๊ฒ ๋‹ค ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
02:58
So we're in East Borneo. This is the place where I started.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ณด๋ฅด๋„ค์˜ค ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
03:03
As you can see there's only yellow terrain.
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๋ˆ„๋Ÿฐ ๋•…๋ฐ–์— ๋‚จ์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ 
03:05
There's nothing left -- just a bit of grass there.
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์žก์ดˆ ๋ช‡ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋นผ๊ณ ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:08
In 2002 we had about 50 percent of the people jobless there.
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2002๋…„ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ฝ 50%๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ง์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
There was a huge amount of crime.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:14
People spent so much of their money on health issues and drinking water.
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์†Œ๋“์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์‹์ˆ˜์™€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:19
There was no agricultural productivity left.
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๋†์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:22
This was the poorest district in the whole province
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์ง€์—ญ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:25
and it was a total extinction of wildlife.
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์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ๋„ ๋ฉธ์ ˆ์ƒํƒœ์˜€์ฃ 
03:28
This was like a biological desert.
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์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์ ์œผ๋ก  ์‚ฌ๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:30
When I stood there in the grass, it's hot -- not even the sound of insects --
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์ € ๋งˆ๋ฅธ ํ’€๋ฐญ ์œ„์—” ์—ด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ ์šธ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์—†์ด
03:34
just this waving grass.
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๋ˆ„๋Ÿฐ ์žก์ดˆ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์— ํ”๋“ค๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:36
Still, four years later we have created jobs for about 3,000 people.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 4๋…„ ํ›„ 3์ฒœ๋ช…์ด ์ €ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:41
The climate has changed. I will show you:
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๊ธฐํ›„๋„ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ด๊ฑด ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:44
no more flooding, no more fires.
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋„ ํ™”์žฌ๋„ ์ด์   ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:46
It's no longer the poorest district,
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์ตœ๋Œ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:49
and there is a huge development of biodiversity.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:51
We've got over 1,000 species. We have 137 bird species as of today.
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1์ฒœ์—ฌ์ข… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด๊ณ ์žˆ์ฃ  ํ˜„์žฌ 137์ข…์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€
03:57
We have 30 species of reptiles.
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30์ข…์˜ ํŒŒ์ถฉ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
So what happened here? We created a huge economic failure in this forest.
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์ด๊ณณ์— ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š” ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ˆฒ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ๋œจ๋ ค ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:05
So basically the whole process of destruction
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๊ทธ ๋•์— ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ํŒŒ๊ดด์— ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ 
04:08
had gone a bit slower than what is happening now with the oil palm.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์•ผ์ž์œ  ์ƒ์‚ฐ์†๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํŒŒ๊ดด ์ง„ํ–‰ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋Š๋ ค์กŒ์ฃ 
04:11
But we saw the same thing.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ณ„์† ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:13
We had slash and burn agriculture;
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๋†์—…์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๊ณ  ๋†์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํƒ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:15
people cannot afford the fertilizer,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ํ˜•ํŽธ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
04:17
so they burn the trees and have the minerals available there;
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํƒœ์› ๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋ฌผ๋„ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํƒœ์› ์ฃ 
04:20
the fires become more frequent,
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•ด์ ธ ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:22
and after a while you're stuck with an area of land
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋‹ˆ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์—”
04:25
where there is no fertility left.
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์ฒ™๋ฐ•ํ•จ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์€ ๋•…์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:27
There are no trees left.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋„ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ 
04:29
Still, in this place, in this grassland
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ณณ ์ด ์ดˆ์› ์–ธ๋•์—
04:32
where you can see our very first office there on that hill,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
four years later, there is this one green blop on the Earth's surface ...
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4๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์ด ๋•…์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ๋น›์œผ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎํžˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ 
04:40
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:42
And there are all these animals, and all these people happy,
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์ด ๋•…์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
04:45
and there's this economic value.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜
04:47
So how's this possible?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”
04:49
It was quite simple. If you'll look at the steps:
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๊ทธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ž€๊ฒŒ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฝค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:51
we bought the land, we dealt with the fire,
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๋•…์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๋’ค
04:53
and then only, we started doing the reforestation
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์ˆฒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:56
by combining agriculture with forestry.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋†์—…๋„ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•ด์„œ์š”
04:59
Only then we set up the infrastructure and management and the monetary.
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๊ทธ ๋’ค์—์•ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์žฌ์ •์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:03
But we made sure that in every step of the way
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์„  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
05:06
the local people were going to be fully involved
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
05:09
so that no outside forces would be able to interfere with that.
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์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์œ ์ž…์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:13
The people would become the defenders of that forest.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์ˆฒ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ฒŒ ๋ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
05:17
So we do the "people, profit, planet" principles,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ "์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ์ง€๊ตฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ"์ด๋ž€ ์›์น™์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ  ์ง€์ผฐ์ฃ 
05:19
but we do it in addition
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋”ํ•ด
05:21
to a sure legal status --
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์†Œ์œ ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ฑ๋กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:23
because if the forest belongs to the state,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ˆฒ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ์ด์–ด์•ผ
05:25
people say, "It belongs to me, it belongs to everyone."
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์ด ๋•…์€ ๋‚ด ๋•…์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋•…์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
05:28
And then we apply all these other principles
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์น™๋“ค์„ ์ ์šฉํ•ด ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:31
like transparency, professional management, measurable results,
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ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์‹œ์„ฑ,
05:35
scalability, [unclear], etc.
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์ ์šฉ์„ฑ, ์žฌ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:38
What we did was we formulated recipes --
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๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
05:41
how to go from a starting situation where you have nothing
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์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
05:44
to a target situation.
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๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ๋กœ
05:46
You formulate a recipe based upon the factors you can control,
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์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
05:51
whether it be the skills or the fertilizer or the plant choice.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋น„๋ฃŒ, ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ž‘๋ฌผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ 
05:55
And then you look at the outputs and you start measuring what comes out.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:00
Now in this recipe you also have the cost.
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์ด ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์—” ๋น„์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:02
You also know how much labor is needed.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์ธ์ง€๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
06:05
If you can drop this recipe on the map
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์ด ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ์„ ์ง€๋„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง€์—ญ ์ฆ‰
06:08
on a sandy soil, on a clay soil,
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๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์ง€์—ญ, ์ง„ํ™ ์ง€์—ญ
06:10
on a steep slope, on flat soil,
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๋น„ํƒˆ ์ง€์—ญ, ํ‰์•ผ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:12
you put those different recipes; if you combine them,
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๊ฐ๊ฐ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
06:15
out of that comes a business plan,
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
06:17
comes a work plan, and you can optimize it
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์ž‘์—… ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
06:20
for the amount of labor you have available or for the amount of fertilizer you have,
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๋™์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ฃŒ์–‘์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋ฉด
06:24
and you can do it.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ €ํฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:26
This is how it looks like in practice. We have this grass we want to get rid of.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์šฐ์„  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žก์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:30
It exudes [unclear]-like compounds from the roots.
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์žก์ดˆ๋Š” ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 
06:33
The acacia trees are of a very low value
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์•„์นด์‹œ์•„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋ณ„ ์“ธ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š”
06:36
but we need them to restore the micro-climate, to protect the soil
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žก์ดˆ์ œ๊ฑฐ, ํ† ์–‘๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ธฐํ›„ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
06:39
and to shake out the grasses.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:42
And after eight years they might actually yield some timber --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์‹ค 8๋…„์ •๋„ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋กœ๋„ ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:45
that is, if you can preserve it in the right way,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ณด์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ํ•œํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ์š”
06:48
which we can do with bamboo peels.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ป์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:50
It's an old temple-building technique from Japan
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์ผ๋ณธ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฌ์› ๊ฑด์ถ•๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ 
06:53
but bamboo is very fire-susceptible.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:55
So if we would plant that in the beginning
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์ฆ‰ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:57
we would have a very high risk of losing everything again.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์žƒ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ 
07:01
So we plant it later, along the waterways
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋Š” ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:03
to filter the water, provide the raw products
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๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ฌผ๋„ ์ •ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋„ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กดํ•˜์—ฌ
07:05
just in time for when the timber becomes available.
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์ ์ •์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์›์ž์žฌ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
07:08
So the idea is: how to integrate these flows
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์žฅ์†Œ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
07:11
in space, over time and with the limited means you have.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:16
So we plant the trees, we plant these pineapples
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ณ 
07:18
and beans and ginger in between, to reduce the competition for the trees,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ์ค„์ผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ด์‚ฌ์ด ์ฝฉ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ•๋„ ์‹ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:22
the crop fertilizer. Organic material is useful for the agricultural crops,
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๋น„๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ๋† ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ข‹์ง€๋งŒ
07:27
for the people, but also helps the trees. The farmers have free land,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์—๋„ ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๋†๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ํ† ์ง€๋ฅผ ์†Œ์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด
07:30
the system yields early income, the orangutans get healthy food
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„๋„ ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ๋จน๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ 
07:34
and we can speed up ecosystem regeneration
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์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ์žฌ์ƒ ์†๋„๋„ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:37
while even saving some money.
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๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ์•ฝ๋„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
07:39
So beautiful. What a theory.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•˜์ฃ  ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:41
But is it really that easy?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ •๋ง ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”
07:44
Not really, because if you looked at what happened in 1998,
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์‹ค์ œ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค 1998๋…„ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:47
the fire started.
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์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋์ฃ 
07:49
This is an area of about 50 million hectares.
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5์ฒœ๋งŒ ํ—ฅํƒ€๋ฅด ๋„“์ด์˜ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:51
January.
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1์›”
07:53
February.
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2์›”
07:55
March.
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3์›”
07:57
April.
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4์›”
07:58
May.
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5์›”
07:59
We lost 5.5 million hectares in just a matter of a few months.
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์ด ๋ช‡๋‹ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” 550๋งŒ ํ—ฅํƒ€๋ฅด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์œ ์‹คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:03
This is because we have 10,000 of those underground fires
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์ง€ํ•˜์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ 1๋งŒ๊ฑด์˜ ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:06
that you also have in Pennsylvania here in the United States.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ํŽœ์‹ค๋ฒ ๋‹ˆ์•„์—์„œ๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด์ฃ 
08:10
And once the soil gets dried, you're in a dry season -- you get cracks,
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๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๋•…์€ ๋ง๋ผ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์กŒ๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ํ‹ˆ์œผ๋กœ
08:13
oxygen goes in, flames come out and the problem starts all over again.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ž…๋˜์–ด ๋ถˆ๊ธธ์ด ์†Ÿ์•„์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์•…์ˆœํ™˜์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:17
So how to break that cycle?
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์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Š์–ด๋‚ด๋Š๋ƒ
08:19
Fire is the biggest problem.
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ํ™”์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
08:21
This is what it looked like for three months.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ด 3๊ฐœ์›”๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:24
For three months, the automatic lights outside did not go off
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3๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ์ž๋™์ „์กฐ๋“ฑ์€ ๊บผ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:27
because it was that dark.
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๊ทธ๋งŒํผ ์–ด๋‘์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:29
We lost all the crops. No children gained weight for over a year;
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๋†์ž‘๋ฌผ ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์— ํƒ”๊ณ  ์ผ๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์•„์ด๋“ค ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋Š˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:33
they lost 12 IQ points. It was a disaster
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์ง€๋Šฅ ์ง€์ˆ˜๋Š” 12ํฌ์ธํŠธ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ฃ  ์•…๋ชฝ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:36
for orangutans and people.
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์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ์š”
08:38
So these fires are really the first things to work on.
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๋ถˆ์„ ๋‹ค์Šค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:41
That was why I put it as a single point up there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ํ™”์žฌ ์ง„์•• ํ•˜๋‚˜์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:44
And you need the local people for that because these grasslands,
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์ด ์ผ์—” ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด
08:47
once they start burning ... It goes through it like a windstorm
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์ด ์ดˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ํƒ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ํญํ’์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํœฉ์“ธ์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ
08:51
and you lose again the last bit of ash and nutrients
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์–‘๋ถ„์ด๋“  ์žฌ๋“  ๋‚จ์ง€์•Š๊ณ  ์ „๋ถ€ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:54
to the first rainfall -- going to the sea
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์ฒซ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ
08:56
killing off the coral reefs there.
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์ง€ํ•˜ ์„ํƒ„์ธต์— ๋ถˆ์„ ๊บผ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
08:59
So you have to do it with the local people.
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:01
That is the short-term solution but you also need a long-term solution.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด๋‹ˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:04
So what we did is, we created
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—
09:06
a ring of sugar palms around the area.
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์‚ฌํƒ•์•ผ์ž๋กœ ๋ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:09
These sugar palms turn out to be fire-resistant --
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์ด ์‚ฌํƒ•์•ผ์ž๋Š” ๋ถˆ์— ์ž˜ ํƒ€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ
09:12
also flood-resistant, by the way --
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ํ™์ˆ˜๋„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ์žˆ์ฃ 
09:14
and they provide a lot of income for local people.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ด๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
This is what it looks like:
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:20
the people have to tap them twice a day -- just a millimeter slice --
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ 1๋ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋งŒ ์ž˜๋ผ๋‚ด๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์•ก์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:23
and the only thing you harvest is sugar water,
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„  ์‚ฌํƒ• ์ˆ˜์•ก๊ณผ ์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ
09:26
carbon dioxide, rain fall and a little bit of sunshine.
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๋น„์™€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํ–‡์‚ด๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:30
In principle, you make those trees into
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ด‘์ „์ง€ํŒ์œผ๋กœ
09:32
biological photovoltaic cells.
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๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด๋ก ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:35
And you can create so much energy from this --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:38
they produce three times more energy per hectare per year,
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์ˆ˜์•ก ์ฒด์ทจ๋ฅผ ๋งค์ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ 1ํ—ฅํƒ€๋ฅด์—์„œ
09:43
because you can tap them on a daily basis.
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ํ•œ ํ•ด 3๋ฐฐ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:45
You don't need to harvest [unclear]
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ค์ผ์ž‘๋ฌผ์„
09:47
or any other of the crops.
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์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ 
09:49
So this is the combination where we have all this genetic potential in the tropics,
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์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋‹ด๊ธด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„
09:53
which is still unexploited, and doing it in combination with technology.
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์•„์ง ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์—ด๋Œ€์šฐ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:57
But also your legal side needs to be in very good order.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์šด์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ 
10:01
So we bought that land,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋•…์„ ๋งค์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:03
and here is where we started our project --
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์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:05
in the middle of nowhere.
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์ด ํ—ˆํ—ˆ๋ฒŒํŒ์—์„œ์š”
10:07
And if you zoom in a bit you can see that all of this area
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ํ™”๋ฉด์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:11
is divided into strips that go over different types of soil,
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ† ์งˆ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:14
and we were actually monitoring,
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์‹ค์ œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
10:17
measuring every single tree in these 2,000 hectares, 5,000 acres.
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์ด 2์ฒœ ํ—ฅํƒ€๋ฅด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ์”ฉ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:23
And this forest is quite different.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆฒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
10:26
What I really did was I just followed nature,
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์‹ค์ œ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ์ž์—ฐ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:28
and nature doesn't know monocultures,
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ๋‹จ์ผ๋ฌธํ™”์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:31
but a natural forest is multilayered.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฒน์˜ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ์ˆฒํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
10:34
That means that both in the ground and above the ground
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์ง€ํ•˜์™€ ์ง€์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ์ธต์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
10:36
it can make better use of the available light,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋น›์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
10:39
it can store more carbon in the system, it can provide more functions.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ €์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ 
10:44
But, it's more complicated. It's not that simple, and you have to work with the people.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์€๋ฐ ์ผ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ 
10:48
So, just like nature,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:51
we also grow fast planting trees and underneath that,
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด ์–ด๋Š์ •๋„ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
10:54
we grow the slower growing, primary-grain forest trees of a very high diversity
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๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ด๋งค๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ์š”
11:00
that can optimally use that light. Then,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋น›์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:02
what is just as important: get the right fungi in there
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์€ ๊ท ๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ™•๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:06
that will grow into those leaves, bring back the nutrients
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๊ท ์ด ์ž๋ผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด์žŽ์— ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์žŽ์‚ฌ๊ท€๊ฐ€ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ
11:09
to the roots of the trees that have just dropped that leaf within 24 hours.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ์— ์–‘๋ถ„์„ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:13
And they become like nutrient pumps.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–‘๋ถ„ํŽŒํ”„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
11:15
You need the bacteria to fix nitrogen,
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๋”์šฑ์ด ์งˆ์†Œ๊ณ ์ •์— ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:18
and without those microorganisms, you won't have any performance at all.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋„ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:23
And then we started planting -- only 1,000 trees a day.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋ฃจ ์ฒœ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋งŒ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:27
We could have planted many, many more, but we didn't want to
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๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์‹ฌ์„ ์ˆ˜์•ผ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:30
because we wanted to keep the number of jobs stable.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:33
We didn't want to lose the people
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ
11:36
that are going to work in that plantation.
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์žƒ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:40
And we do a lot of work here.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ด๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
11:42
We use indicator plants to look at what soil types,
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ํ† ์งˆ์˜ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹๋ฌผ๋“ค์„ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:45
or what vegetables will grow, or what trees will grow here.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ฑ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ž„์ง€ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ํด ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
11:48
And we have monitored every single one of those trees from space.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ํ•œ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:53
This is what it looks like in reality;
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์‹ค์ œ ๋ชจ์Šต์ธ๋ฐ์š”
11:55
you have this irregular ring around it,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šธํ‰๋ถ€ํ‰ํ•œ ์„ ์ด ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์ง„๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ 
11:57
with strips of 100 meters wide, with sugar palms
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๋ฐฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํญ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํƒ•์•ผ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:01
that can provide income for 648 families.
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648๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…์›์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–‘์ด์ฃ 
12:04
It's only a small part of the area.
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์ „ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•œ๋ฐ๋„์š”
12:07
The nursery, in here, is quite different.
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์ด๊ณณ ์ข…์ž ๋ฐฐ์–‘๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ๊ณผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:10
If you look at the number of tree species we have in Europe, for instance,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋‚ด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ข…์ž์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด
12:13
from the Urals up to England, you know how many?
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ํ˜น์‹œ ์šฐ๋ž„์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์˜๊ตญ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
12:16
165.
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165์ข…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:18
In this nursery, we're going to grow 10 times more than the number of species.
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์ด ๋ฐฐ์–‘์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ 10๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•  ๊ณ„ํš์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:22
Can you imagine?
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์ƒ์ƒ์ด ๋˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”
12:24
You do need to know what you are working with,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ณ„์‹ ์ง€ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:26
but it's that diversity which makes it work.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง„์งœ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์‹๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:29
That you can go from this zero situation,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ด 0 ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ
12:32
by planting the vegetables and the trees, or directly, the trees
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์ €๊ธฐ ์ € ์ดˆ์ง€์— ์ค„์„ ๋งž์ถฐ
12:36
in the lines in that grass there,
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์ฑ„์†Œ์™€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ํ˜น์€ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๊ณ 
12:38
putting up the buffer zone, producing your compost,
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์™„์ถฉ ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋น„๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
12:41
and then making sure that at every stage of that up growing forest
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์‹œ์‹œ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ˆฒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ ์ „๋ถ€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ดํ”ผ๋ฉด
12:46
there are crops that can be used.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ด๋งค๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:48
In the beginning, maybe pineapples and beans and corn;
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์‹œ์ž‘์€ ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ, ์ฝฉ, ์˜ฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:50
in the second phase, there will be bananas and papayas;
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜์™€ ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:53
later on, there will be chocolate and chilies.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ดˆ์ฝœ๋ฆฟ๊ณผ ์น ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:56
And then slowly, the trees start taking over,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ด ์ž๋ผ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:58
bringing in produce from the fruits, from the timber, from the fuel wood.
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์—ด๋งค๋กœ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์ง€์š”
13:02
And finally, the sugar palm forest takes over
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํƒ•์•ผ์ž์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์‘ฅ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ
13:05
and provides the people with permanent income.
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์ •์  ์ˆ˜์ž…์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:07
On the top left, underneath those green stripes,
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์‚ฌ์ง„ ์™ผ์ชฝ ์ƒ๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ € ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ค„๋ฌด๋‰˜ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•„๋ž˜์—
13:10
you see some white dots -- those are actually individual pineapple plants
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๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋Š” ํ•˜์–€ ์ ๋“ค์ด ์‹ค์ œ ํŒŒ์ธ์• ํ”Œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:14
that you can see from space.
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์œ„์„ฑ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:16
And in that area we started growing some acacia trees
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ € ์ง€์—ญ์— ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•„์นด์‹œ์•„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:21
that you just saw before.
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์•ž์—์„œ ๋ณด์…จ์ง€์š”
13:23
So this is after one year.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋…„ ๋’ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:25
And this is after two years.
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2๋…„ ๋’ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์ฃ 
13:27
And that's green. If you look from the tower --
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์ € ํƒ‘์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ๋ก๋น›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:30
this is when we start attacking the grass.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ด ํ’€๋ฐญ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:33
We plant in the seedlings
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ์„ ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:35
mixed with the bananas, the papayas, all the crops for the local people,
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๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜, ํŒŒํŒŒ์•ผ๋“ฑ ์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜จ๊ฐ– ๊ณก๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ฌ์—ˆ์ฃ 
13:39
but the trees are growing up fast in between as well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋“ค์€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:42
And three years later, 137 species of birds are living here.
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3๋…„ ๋’ค 137์ข…์˜ ์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:51
So we lowered air temperature three to five degrees Celsius.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋‹ˆ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ญ์”จ 3์—์„œ 5๋„ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋”๊ตฐ์š”
13:55
Air humidity is up 10 percent.
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์Šต๋„๋Š” 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ๊ณ 
13:57
Cloud cover -- I'm going to show it to you -- is up.
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๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์–‘๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
13:59
Rainfall is up.
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๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ 
14:01
And all these species and income.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์ฐฝ์ถœ๋„ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ์ฃ 
14:03
This ecolodge that I built here,
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์ด ๊ณณ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์„ธ์šด ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š”
14:05
three years before, was an empty, yellow field.
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3๋…„ ์ „๋งŒํ•ด๋„ ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒŒํŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:08
This transponder that we operate with the European Space Agency --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์šฐ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ž๋™์ˆ˜์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:12
it gives us the benefit that every satellite that comes over to calibrate itself
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์ด๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ž์ฒด ๊ด€์ธก์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
14:16
is taking a picture.
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์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:18
Those pictures we use to analyze how much carbon, how the forest is developing,
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ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ํƒ„์†Œ์–‘๊ณผ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:22
and we can monitor every tree using satellite images through our cooperation.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ €ํฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„  ์ด ์œ„์„ฑ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ง€์ผœ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:28
We can use these data now
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋งค๋‰ด์–ผ๊ณผ ๋™์ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
14:30
to provide other regions with recipes and the same technology.
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ํƒ€์ง€์—ญ์— ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ณด์กฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:34
We actually have it already with Google Earth.
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์‹ค์ œ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€ ์–ด์Šค์™€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
14:36
If you would use a little bit of your technology to put tracking devices in trucks,
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ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ์ถ”์  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—
14:40
and use Google Earth in combination with that,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์–ด์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:43
you could directly tell what palm oil has been sustainably produced,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋˜๋Š” ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•ผ์ž์œ  ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋‚˜
14:47
which company is stealing the timber,
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๋ชฉ์žฌ ์ ˆ๋„ ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
14:50
and you could save so much more carbon
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์–‘๋„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:52
than with any measure of saving energy here.
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์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ 
14:55
So this is the Samboja Lestari area.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‚ผ๋ณด์ž ๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
14:58
You measure how the trees grow back,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ 
15:00
but you can also measure the biodiversity coming back.
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์ด๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๋๋Š”์ง€๋„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:04
And biodiversity is an indicator of how much water can be balanced,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:08
how many medicines can be kept here.
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๋ฌผ ๊ท ํ˜•๋„๋‚˜ ์•ฝ์žฌ ๋ณด์œ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ 
15:11
And finally I made it into the rain machine
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋์— ์ €๋Š” ์ˆฒ์„ ์ œ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:14
because this forest is now creating its own rain.
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์ด์   ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
15:17
This nearby city of Balikpapan has a big problem with water;
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๋ฆญํŒŒํŒก์ด๋ž€ ๊ทผ๊ต ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์‹์ˆ˜๋‚œ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:21
it's 80 percent surrounded by seawater,
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๋„์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ์žˆ์ฃ 
15:24
and we have now a lot of intrusion there.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ง€๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ป—์–ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:26
Now we looked at the clouds above this forest;
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์ด์   ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
15:29
we looked at the reforestation area, the semi-open area and the open area.
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์‚ฐ๋ฆผ์‚ฌ์—…์ง€์—ญ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฏผ๋‘ฅ์ง€์—ญ, ๋ฏผ๋‘ฅ์ง€์—ญ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:33
And look at these images.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š”
15:36
I'll just run them very quickly through.
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๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:38
In the tropics, raindrops are not formed from ice crystals,
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์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„  ๋น—๋ฐฉ์šธ ์ƒ์„ฑ์— ์–ผ์Œ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์งˆ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:41
which is the case in the temperate zones,
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๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ฃ 
15:43
you need the trees with [unclear], chemicals that come out of the leaves of the trees
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์ด ๊ณณ์—์„  ๋‚˜๋ญ‡์žŽ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์‘๊ฒฐํ•ต์œผ๋กœ
15:48
that initiate the raindrops.
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๋น—๋ฐฉ์šธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
15:50
So you create a cool place where clouds can accumulate,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์Œ“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
15:54
and you have the trees to initiate the rain.
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๋น„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ 
15:56
And look, there's now 11.2 percent more clouds --
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š” ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด 11.2ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:00
already, after three years.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 3๋…„ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:02
If you look at rainfall, it was already up 20 percent at that time.
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๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฒŒ์จ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์ง€์š”
16:07
Let's look at the next year,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”
16:09
and you can see that that trend is continuing.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ถ”์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์ด ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:11
Where at first we had a small cap of higher rainfall,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์†Œํญ ์ƒ์Šนํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
16:14
that cap is now widening and getting higher.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:17
And if we look at the rainfall pattern
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๊ฐ•์šฐ ํŒจํ„ด๋„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:20
above Samboja Lestari, it used to be the driest place,
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์‚ผ๋ณด์ž ๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ 
16:24
but now you see consistently see a peak of rain forming there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ตœ๋‹ค ๊ฐ•์šฐ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตณํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:28
So you can actually change the climate.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐํ›„๋„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:32
When there are trade winds of course the effect disappears,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ฌด์—ญํ’์ด ์ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:36
but afterwards, as soon as the wind stabilizes,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ด ์žฆ์•„๋“ค๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
16:39
you see again that the rainfall peaks come back above this area.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ•์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ตœ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
16:43
So to say it is hopeless is not the right thing to do,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํฌ๋ง์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”
16:48
because we actually can make that difference
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
16:50
if you integrate the various technologies.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
16:54
And it's nice to have the science, but it still depends mostly upon the people,
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๊ณผํ•™์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ผ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ
16:58
on your education.
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๊ต์œก์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:00
We have our farmer schools.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋†๋ถ€ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:02
But the real success of course, is our band --
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์ €ํฌ ์‚ฌ์—…์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:04
because if a baby is born, we will play, so everyone's our family
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์•„์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ €ํฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ปํ•˜์ฃ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:08
and you don't make trouble with your family.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:10
This is how it looks.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ 
17:12
We have this road going around the area,
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:14
which brings the people electricity and water from our own area.
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์ €ํฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ์ฃ 
17:18
We have the zone with the sugar palms,
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์‚ฌํƒ•์•ผ์ž ์žฌ๋ฐฐ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
17:20
and then we have this fence with very thorny palms
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๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ์•ผ์ž์ˆ˜๋กœ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:22
to keep the orangutans -- that we provide with a place to live in the middle --
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์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ  ์ด ์ง€์—ญ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:27
and the people apart.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๋†“์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:29
And inside, we have this area for reforestation
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์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ์•ˆ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ์žฌ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:31
as a gene bank to keep all that material alive,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ „์ž ์€ํ–‰ ๋…ธ๋ฆ‡์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
17:34
because for the last 12 years
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์ง€๋‚œ 12๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
17:36
not a single seedling of the tropical hardwood trees has grown up
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์—ด๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฌ˜๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋„ ์ž๋ผ์งˆ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:40
because the climatic triggers have disappeared.
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์„ฑ์žฅ์ด‰์ง„์ œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
17:43
All the seeds get eaten.
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์”จ๋Š” ๋‹ค ๋จนํ˜€๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:45
So now we do the monitoring on the inside --
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ชฝ ์ˆฒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:47
from towers, satellites, ultralights.
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๊ด€์ธกํƒ๊ณผ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ ์ ์™ธ์„  ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
17:50
Each of the families that have sold their land now get a piece of land back.
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์ €ํฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋•…์„ ํŒ”์•˜๋˜ ๊ฐ€์ •๋“ค์€ ํ˜„์žฌ ํ† ์ง€ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›์€ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ
17:54
And it has two nice fences of tropical hardwood trees --
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์—ด๋Œ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์ค‘ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์›Œ์ ธ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:58
you have the shade trees planted in year one,
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์ฒซ ํ•ด์—๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Š˜์ด ์งˆ ๋งŒํผ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:00
then you underplanted with the sugar palms,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ชฉ์„ ์‹ฌ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌํƒ•์•ผ์ž๋„ ์‹ฌ์ฃ 
18:03
and you plant this thorny fence.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์‹œ์•ผ์ž ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:05
And after a few years, you can remove some of those shade trees.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ช‡ ๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์‹ฌ์€ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋ฅผ ๋ช‡ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:09
The people get that acacia timber which we have preserved with the bamboo peel,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ป์งˆ๋กœ ๋ณด์กดํ•œ ์•„์นด์‹œ์•„ ๋ชฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
18:13
and they can build a house, they have some fuel wood to cook with.
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์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์š”๋ฆฌ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋•”๊นœ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์“ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:16
And they can start producing from the trees as many as they like.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์—ด๋งค๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:20
They have enough income for three families.
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3์ธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์†Œ๋“์„ ๊ฑฐ๋‘˜ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:24
But whatever you do in that program, it has to be fully supported by the people,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์ง€๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฑ™๊ฒจ๋†”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:28
meaning that you also have to adjust it to the local, cultural values.
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ญ๊ณผ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ฃ 
18:32
There is no simple one recipe for one place.
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์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋ž€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:36
You also have to make sure that it is very difficult to corrupt --
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๋ถ€์ •ํ–‰์œ„๋„ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‚˜๋‹ค
18:40
that it's transparent.
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ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
18:42
Like here, in Samboja Lestari,
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์ด๊ณณ ์‚ผ๋ณด์ž ๋ ˆ์Šคํƒ€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
18:44
we divide that ring in groups of 20 families.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” 20๊ฐ€์ •์”ฉ ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:47
If one member trespasses the agreement,
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์•ฝ์†์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ณ 
18:49
and does cut down trees,
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๋ฒŒ๋ชฉํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ
18:51
the other 19 members have to decide what's going to happen to him.
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 19๊ฐ€์ •์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:54
If the group doesn't take action,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์กฐ์›๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด ์กฐ์น˜๋„ ์ทจํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
18:56
the other 33 groups have to decide what is going to happen to the group
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ 33๊ฐœ ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ง€ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ 
19:00
that doesn't comply with those great deals that we are offering them.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ 
19:04
In North Sulawesi it is the cooperative --
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์ˆ ๋ผ์›จ์‹œ ๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์€ ํ˜‘์กฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:07
they have a democratic culture there,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
19:09
so there you can use the local justice system to protect your system.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:14
In summary, if you look at it, in year one the people can sell their land
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์ •๋ฆฌํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค ์ฒซํ•ด์— ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋•…์„ ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:17
to get income, but they get jobs back in the construction and the reforestation,
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์†Œ๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑด์„คํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆผ ์žฌ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:22
the working with the orangutans, and they can use the waste wood to make handicraft.
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์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„๊ด€๋ จ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ชป์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ์ˆ˜๊ณต์˜ˆํ’ˆ๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:26
They also get free land in between the trees,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋•…์„ ์‚ฌ์„œ
19:29
where they can grow their crops.
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๊ณก์‹์„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:31
They can now sell part of those fruits to the orangutan project.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์žฌ๋ฐฐํ•œ ์ž‘๋ฌผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธํŒ€๊ณผ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:35
They get building material for houses,
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์ง‘์„ ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ถ• ์ž์žฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ 
19:37
a contract for selling the sugar,
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์‚ฌํƒ• ํŒ๋งค ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋„ ๋งบ๊ฒŒ๋˜์ฃ 
19:39
so we can produce huge amounts of ethanol and energy locally.
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๋˜ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ๊ณผ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:43
They get all these other benefits: environmentally, money,
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์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:46
they get education -- it's a great deal.
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๊ต์œก๋„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ๋˜์ฃ  ํฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:48
And everything is based upon that one thing --
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์€ ๋‹จ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
19:51
make sure that forest remains there.
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์ˆฒ์„ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์ง€ํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ
19:54
So if we want to help the orangutans --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์˜ค๋ž‘์šฐํƒ„์„ ๋•๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด
19:57
what I actually set out to do --
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์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”
20:00
we must make sure that the local people are the ones that benefit.
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์ด๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:04
Now I think the real key to doing it, to give a simple answer,
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์—ด์‡ ๋Š”
20:08
is integration.
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:10
I hope -- if you want to know more, you can read more.
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๋ฐ”๋ž๊ฑด๋Œ€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋” ์•Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ œ ๊ธ€์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ฝ์–ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
20:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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