Keith Schacht & Zach Kaplan: Products (and toys) from the fu

Translator: Martin Segovia Reviewer: Alvaro Moya

Zach Kaplan: Keith and I lead a research team.

Zach Kaplan: Keith eta nik ikerketa talde bat zuzentzen dugu.

We investigate materials and technologies

Ezusteko propietateak dituzten material eta

that have unexpected properties. Over the last three years,

teknologiei buruz ikertzen dugu. Azken hiru urteetan

we found over 200 of these things, and so we looked

200 baino gehiago aurkitu ditugu, beraz,

back into our library and selected six we thought would be most

geure bilduman bilatu dugu eta 6 interesgarrienak

surprising for TED.

hautatu ditugu TED-en erakusteko.

Of these six, the first one that we're going to talk about

Sei hauetatik erakutsiko dugun lehena

is in the black envelope you're holding.

eskuetan duzuen gutunazalean dago.

It comes from a company in Japan called GelTech. Now go ahead and open it up.

GelTech izeneko konpainia batek egin du. Orain, aurrera, ireki ezazue!

Keith Schacht: Now be sure and take the two pieces apart.

Keith Schacht: Ziurtatu bi piezak banatuta daudela.

What's unexpected about this is that it's soft, but it's also a strong magnet.

Material honen ezusteko propietatea biguna dela eta aldi berean iman bat dela da.

Zach and I have always been fascinated

Zach eta ni beti harritu gaitu

observing unexpected things like this.

honen antzerako ezusteko gauzak ikusteak.

We spent a long time thinking about why this is, and it's just recently that we realized:

Denbora asko egon ginen hau zergatik gertatzen den pentsatzen eta orain dela gutxi aurkitu genuen erantzuna:

it's when we see something unexpected,

ezusteko zerbait ikusten dugunean

it changes our understanding of the way things work.

horrek gauzak nola funtzionatzen duten ikusteko dugun era aldatzen du.

As you're seeing this gel magnet for the first time,

Gel magnetiko hau lehenengo aldiz ikusten ari zaretenez,

if you assume that all magnets had to be hard,

imanak gogorrak izan behar direla ulertzen baduzue,

then seeing this surprised you and it changed your understanding

orduan hau ikusteak harritu egiten zaituzte eta imanen funtzionatzeko eraren

of the way magnets could work.

ulermena aldatzen du.

ZK: Now, it's important to understand what the unexpected properties are.

ZK: Eta garrantzitsua da esuzteko propietateak zeintzuk diren ulertzea.

But to really think about the implications of what this makes possible,

Benetan honek dituen inplikazio eta posibilitateak ezagutzean,

we found that it helps to think about how it could be applied in the world.

egunero erabiltzeko funtzioak aurkitzea erabilgarria dela pentsatu genuen.

So, a first idea is to use it on cabinet doors.

Hala, lehenengo ideia armairuen ateetan erabiltzea da.

If you line the sides of the cabinets using the gel material --

Armairuaren aldeetan gel hau zabaltzen bada,

if a cabinet slams shut it wouldn't make a loud noise,

bat-batean ixterakoan ez dute zaratarik egingo,

and in addition the magnets would draw the cabinets closed.

eta, gainera, imanek armairuak itxita mantenduko dituzte.

Imagine taking the same material, but putting it on the bottom of a sneaker.

Imajinatu material bera zapatilen zoruetan jarrita.

You know, this way you could go to the container store and buy one of those

Badakizue! Honela burdindegira joan zinatekeen eta metal xafla

metal sheets that they hang on the back of your door, in your closet,

horietako bat erosi, armairuaren atzeko aldean zintzilikatu

and you could literally stick your shoes up instead of using a shelf.

eta zure zapatak pegatu ahal izango zenituzke apala erabili ordez.

For me, I really love this idea.

Nik benetan gustoko dut ideia hau.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

If you come to my apartment and see my closet,

Nire apartamentua eta nire armairua ikusiko bazenute,

I'm sure you'd figure out why: it's a mess.

ziur nago jakingo zenutela zergatik. Desastre hutsa da.

KS: Seeing the unexpected properties and then seeing a couple of

KS: Ezusteko propietateak eta pare bat aplikazio ikusteak

applications -- it helps you see why this is significant, what the potential is.

zergatik den inportantea eta zein den bere potentziala ulertzera laguntzen du.

But we've found that the way we present our ideas

Baina aurkitu dugu geure ideiak aurkezteko erak

it makes a big difference.

garrantzi handia duela.

ZK: It was like six months ago that Keith and I were out in L.A.,

ZK: Orain dela 6 hilabete Keith eta nik Los Angeles-en geuden

and we were at Starbucks having coffee with Roman Coppola.

Starbucks-en Roman Coppolarekin kafea hartzen.

He works on mostly music videos and commercials

Bere konpainiak , The Directors Bureau, egiten dituen bideo musikalak eta

with his company, The Directors Bureau.

komertzialak egiten du lan.

As we were talking, Roman told us that he's kind of an inventor on the side.

Hitz egiten geudenean, Romanek esan zigun bera asmatzaile moduko bat dela.

And we were showing him the same

Orain zuen eskuetan duzuen gel magnetikoa

gel magnet that you're holding in your hand -- and you know,

erakusten ari ginen eta, badakizue!

we shared the same ideas. And you could see it in his face:

ideia berdinak genituen. Eta bere aurpegian ikusi ahal zen.

Roman starts to get really excited and he whips out this manila folder;

Roman hunkituta gelditzen da ikustean eta karpeta bat ateratzen du.

he opens it up and Keith and I look in,

Irekitzen du eta Keith eta nik barruan begiratzen dugu,

and he starts showing us concepts that he's been working on.

eta lan egiten ari den kontzeptu batzuk erakutsi zizkigun.

These things just get him really excited. And so we're looking

Hau guztia benetan hunkitzen ditu. Eta guk begiratzen

at these concepts, and we were just like, whoa, this guy's good.

ideia horiek guztiak eta pentsatzen "gizon hau harrigarria da".

Because the way that he presented the concept -- his approach

Izan ere, beno, ideiak aurkezteko modua, bere bisioa

was totally different than ours. He sold it to you as if it was for sale right now.

guztiz desberdina zen gurearekiko. Merkatuan balego bezala erakusten zizun.

When we were going in the car back to the airport,

Aireportura bueltatzean,

we were thinking: why was this so powerful?

pentsatzen genuen, beno, zergatik da hain boteretsua?

And as we thought about it more, we realized that

Eta zenbat eta gehiago pentsatu, argiago genuen

it let you fill in all the details about the experience,

esperientziaren xehetasun guztiak sentitzen usten zizula

just as if you saw it on TV. So, for TED we decided to take our favorite

telebistan ikusten egongo bazina bezala. Beraz, TED-entzako geure gel magnetikoaren

idea for the gel magnet and work with Roman and his team

ideiarik gustokoena ekartzea aukeratu genuen eta Roman eta bere taldearekin lan egitea

at the Directors Bureau to create a commercial for a product

"Directors Bureau"-en etorkizuneko produktu baten iragarkia

from the future.

egiteko.

Narrator: Do you have a need for speed?

(Bideoa): Abiadura sentitu nahi duzu?

Inventables Water Adventures dares you to launch yourself

"Ur Abentura Inbentagarriak" desafiatzen zaitu lebitazio magnetikoko

on a magnetically-levitating board down a waterslide

txalupa baten gainean korrontean behera botatzera, hain azkar eta hain

so fast, so tall, that when you hit the bottom, it uses brakes to stop.

altu, behera iristean balaztak behar dituela gelditzeko.

Aqua Rocket: coming this summer.

Aqua Rocket: uda honetan salgai.

KS: Now, we showed the concept to a few people before this,

KS: Ongi, ideia hau beste hainbat pertsonari erakutsi genien hona etorri baino lehen

and they asked us, when's it coming out?

eta noiz egongo den salgai galdetu ziguten.

So I just wanted to let you know, it's not actually coming out,

Beraz esan behar dizuet ez dagoela benetan salgai,

just the concept is.

ideia bat besterik ez da.

ZK: So now, when we dream up these concepts, it's important for us

ZK: Diseinu hauetako batekin amets egiten dugunean, ziurtatu behar dugu funtzionatzen

to make sure that they work from a technical standpoint.

dutela ikuspuntu tekniko batetik.

So I just want to quickly explain how this would work.

Beraz, ziztu-bizian azalduko dut hau nola funtzionatzen duen.

This is the magnetically-levitating board that they mentioned in the commercial.

Hau da iragarkian agertzen den lebitazio magnetikoko taula.

The gel that you're holding would be lining the bottom of the board.

Zuek duzuen gela taularen azpiko aldea estal lezake.

Now this is important for two reasons.

Hau bi arrazoiengatik da garrantzitsua.

One: the soft properties of the magnet that make it so that, if it were

Bat, imanaren biguntasuna egiten du

to hit the rider in the head, it wouldn't injure him.

taula gainean doanari min ez egitea.

In addition, you can see from the diagram on the right,

Gainera, eskuineko diagraman ikusten den bezala,

the underpart of the slide would be an electromagnet.

txirristaren behekaldea elektroimana izan daiteke.

So this would actually repel the rider a little bit as you're going down.

Beraz, hau korrikalaria gehiago aldendu dezake behera doan heinean.

The force of the water rushing down, in addition to that repulsion force,

Erortzen den uraren indarra eta aldenketa hau,

would make this slide go faster than any slide on the market.

egingo lukete txirrista hau merkatuko azkarrena izatea.

It's because of this that you need the magnetic braking system.

Horregatik behar da balazta sistema magnetikoa.

When you get to the very bottom of the slide --

Txirristaren amaierara ailegatzean,

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

-- the rider passes through an aluminum tube.

korrikalaria aluminio tutu batetik pasatzen da.

And I'm going to kick it to Keith to explain why that's important

Eta Keith-ek segituko du berak azaltzeko zergatik den garrantzitsua

from a technical standpoint.

ikuspuntu tekniko batetik.

KS: So I'm sure all you engineers know that even though aluminum is

KS: Ziur nago ingeniari guztiek dakitela aluminioa, metal bat izanda,

a metal, it's not a magnetic material. But something unexpected

ez dela magnetikoa. Baina ezuzteko zerbait gertatzen da iman bat

happens when you drop a magnet down an aluminum tube.

aluminio tutu batetik erortzen uzten dugunean.

So we set up a quick experiment here to show that to you.

Esperimentu azkar bat prestatu dugu azaltzeko.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

Now, you see the magnet fell really slowly.

Beno, ikusten duzue imana oso mantso erortzen dela.

Now, I'm not going to get into the physics of it,

Beno, ez naiz arrazoi fisikoetan sartuko,

but all you need to know is that the faster the magnet's falling,

jakin behar dugun guztia da, imana geroz eta azkarrago erortzean,

the greater the stopping force.

balaztaketa indarra handiagoa da.

ZK: Now, our next technology is actually a 10-foot pole,

ZK: Ongi, geure hurrengo berrikuntza teknologikoa 3 metroko makil bat da,

and I have it right here in my pocket.

eta hementxe daukat, neure poltsikoan.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

There're a few different versions of it.

Bertsio ezberdinak daude.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

KS: Some of them automatically unroll like this one.

KS: Batzuk automatikoki irekitzen dira, hauxe bezala.

They can be made to automatically roll up, or they can be made

Automatikoki irekitzeko edo iraunkorrak egin daitezke, Zach-ena bezala,

stable, like Zach's, to hold any position in between.

edozein luzeera izateko.

ZK: As we were talking to the vendor -- to try to learn about

ZK: Beno, saltzailearekin hizketan ari ginenean zertan erabiltzen ari diren

how you could apply these, or how they're being applied currently --

jakiteko, esan zigun orain

he was telling us that, in the military they use this one

armadak erabiltzen duela,

so soldiers can keep it on their chests -- very concealed --

horrela bularrean ezkutatuta eraman dezakete

and then, when they're out on the field, erect it as an antenna

eta, aire zabalean daudenean, ireki antena moduan

to clearly send signals back to the base.

erabiltzeko eta basera seinaleak bidaltzeko.

In our brainstorms, we came up with the idea you could use it for a soccer goal:

Geure ideietan, bururatu zitzaigun futbol ate bezala erabiltzea,

so at the end of the game, you just roll up the goal and put it in your gym bag.

beraz, jokoa amaitzean, kiribildu egiten da eta poltsan zartzen da.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

KS: Now, the interesting thing about this is,

KS: Beno, honen interesgarria da

you don't have to be an engineer to appreciate why

ez zarela ingeniaria izan behar nabaritzeko zergatik

a 10-foot pole that can fit in your pocket is so interesting.

den hain interesgarria poltsikoan sartzen den 3 metroko makil bat.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

So we decided to go out onto the streets of Chicago

Beraz erabaki genuen Chicagoko kaleetara ateratzea

and ask a few people on the streets what they thought you could do with this.

eta galdetzea ea zer pentsatzen zuten egin daitekeela honekin.

Man: I clean my ceiling fans with that and I get the spider webs

(Bideoa): Sabaiko haizagailuak garbitu eta nire etxeko armiarma-sareak

off my house -- I do it that way.

kenduko nituzke honekin.

Woman: I'd make my very own walking stick.

Bastoi bat egingo nuke.

Woman: I would create a ladder to use to get up on top of the tree.

Eskailera bat egingo nuke zuhaitzera igotzeko.

Woman: An olive server.

Olibentzako makiltxoa.

Man: Some type of extension pole -- like what the painters use.

Makil teleskopiko bat, margolariek erabiltzen dutena bezalakoa.

Woman: I would make a spear that, when you went deep sea diving,

Arpoi bat egingo nuke urpean ibiltzeko.

you could catch the fish really fast, and then roll it back up,

Arrainak arin-arin harrapatu daiteke eta orduan kiribildu ekartzeko

and you could swim easier ... Yeah.

eta oso erraz egin daiteke, bai.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

ZK: Now, for our next technology we're going to do a little demonstration,

ZK: Beno, geure hurrengo berrikuntzarako erakusketa bat egingo dugu,

and so we need a volunteer from the audience.

beraz boluntario bat behar dugu.

You sir, come on up.

Zuk, gizon. Igo zaitez.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

Come on up. Tell everybody your name.

Igo. Esaiozu zeure izena jendeari.

Steve Jurvetson: Steve.

Steve Jurveston: Steve.

ZK: It's Steve. All right Steve, now, follow me.

ZK: Steve da. Ongi, Steve, jarrai nazazu.

We need you to stand right in front of the TED sign.

Zutik mantentzea behar dugu, TED hizkiaren aurrean.

Right there. That's great.

Hortxe bertan. Oso ongi.

And hold onto this. Good luck to you.

Eta hau eutsi. Zorte on.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

KS: No, not yet.

KS: Ez, oraindik ez.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

ZK: I'd just like to let you all know that this presentation

ZK: Esan nahiko nuke aurkezpen hau Target-i esker izan

has been brought to you by Target.

dela ahalezko.

KS: Little bit -- that's perfect, just perfect.

KS: Pixka bat gehiago -- hori da, oso ongi.

Now, Zach, we're going to demonstrate

Beno, Zach, etorkizuneko ur pistola

a water gun fight from the future.

borroka bat erakutsiko dugu.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

So here, come on up to the front. All right, so

Hemen, etor zaitez aurrera. Ongi da, beraz

now if you'll see here -- no, no, it's OK.

orain hona ikusi -- ez, ez, perfektua da.

So, describe to the audience the temperature of your shirt. Go ahead.

Deskribatu ikusleei alkandoraren tenperatura. Aurrera.

SJ: It's cold.

SJ: Hotza dago.

KS: Now the reason it's cold is that's it's not actually water loaded

KS: Beno, hotza egotearen arrazoia pistola horietan ura ez dagoela da.

into these squirt guns -- it's a dry liquid developed by 3M.

3M-k egindako likido bat dago.

It's perfectly clear, it's odorless, it's colorless.

Guztiz gardena da, ez du usainik, ez kolorerik.

It's so safe you could drink this stuff.

Hain segurua da edan daitekeela.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

And the reason it feels cold is because it evaporates

Eta hotza sentitzearen arrazoia likido hau ura baino 25 aldiz

25 times faster than water.

azkarrago lurruntzen dela da.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

All right, well thanks for coming up.

Ongi da, eskerrik asko parte hartzeagatik.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

ZK: Wait, wait, Steven -- before you go we filled this with the dry liquid

ZK: Itxaron, itxaron, Steven -- joan aurretik, likido lehorrarekin bete dugu hau,

so during the break you can shoot your friends.

horrela, geldialdian zeure lagunei tiro egin diezaiokezu.

SJ: Excellent, thank you.

SJ: Bikain, eskerrik asko.

KS: Thanks for coming up. Let's give him a big round of applause.

KS: Eskerrik asko parte hartzeagatik. Txalo bero bat eman diezaiogun.

(Applause)

(Txaloak)

So what's the significance of this dry liquid?

Beraz, zein da likido lehor honen garrantzia?

Early versions of the fluid were actually used on a Cray Supercomputer.

Fluidoaren bertsio zaharrak benetan erabili ziren Cray Superordenagailuan.

Now, the unexpected thing about this

Beno, honen ezustekoa

is that Zach could stand up on stage and drench

da Zach eszenatokian ikusleetako norbait buzti

a perfectly innocent member of the audience without any concern

dezakeela aparatu elektriko edo liburuak apurtu edo buztitzeaz

that we'd damage the electronics, that we'd get him wet,

kezkatu behar izan gabe.

that we'd hurt the books or the computers. It works because it's non-conductive.

Eroalea ez delako funtzionatzen du.

So you can see here, you can immerse a whole circuit board

Honela, ikus dezakezuenez, zirkuitu inprimatu bat buzti daiteke honekin

in this and it wouldn't cause any damage.

eta ez litzateke kalterik gertatuko.

You can circulate it to draw the heat away.

Beroa kentzeko erabili daiteke.

But today it's most widely used in office buildings --

Baina gaur bulego eraikinetan erabiltzen da gehiago--

in the sprinkler system -- as a fire-suppression fluid.

suak itzaltzeko sistema bezala.

Again, it's perfectly safe for people. It puts out the fires, doesn't hurt anything.

Berriro ere, jendearentzat guztiz segurua da. Sua itzaltzen du eta ez du ezer kaltetzen.

But our favorite idea for this

Baina gure ideiarik gustokoena

was using it in a basketball game. So during halftime,

saskibaloi partidu batean erabiltzea da. Honela, atsedenaldian

it could rain down on the players, cool everyone down,

jokalarien gainean euria egin ahalko luke, jende guztia freskatu,

and in a matter of minutes it would dry. Wouldn't hurt the court.

eta, minutu batzuetan lehortu egingo litzateke. Ez luke zorua kaltetuko.

ZK: Our next technology comes to us from a company in Japan

ZK: Geure hurrengo berrikuntza Japoniako konpainia baten eskutik datorkigu.

called Sekisui Chemical. One of their R&D engineers

Sekiusi Chemical du izena. I+G-ko ingeniarietako bat

was working on a way to make plastic stiffer.

plastikoa zurrunagoa egiteko modua bilatzen ari zen.

While he was doing this, he noticed an unexpected thing.

Egiten zuen bitartean, ezusteko zerbait aurkitu zuen.

We have a video to show you.

Bideo bat dugu hau erakusteko.

KS: So you see there, it didn't bounce back. Now, this was

KS: Hemen ikusten duzuenez, ez du bere forma berrezkuratzen. Beno,

an unintended side effect of some experiments they were doing.

egiten zuten esperimentu batzuen ezusteko ondorioa zen.

It's technically called, "shape-retaining property."

Teknikoki "forma mantentzearen propietatea" deitzen da.

Now, think about your interactions with aluminum foil.

Beno, pentsa dezagun aluminio xafla baten berdintasunetan.

Shape-retaining is common in metal: you bend a piece of aluminum foil,

Forma mantentzea normala da metal batean. Aluminio xafla bat tolesten dugu

and it holds its place. Contrast that with

eta forma hori mantentzen du. Aldiz,

a plastic garbage can -- and you can push in the sides

zaborrontzi bati aldeak presionatu ahal zaizkio

and it always bounces back.

eta beti berreskuratzen du bere forma.

ZK: For example, you could make a watch that wraps around your wrist,

ZK: Adibidez, eskumuturra estatzen duen erloju bat egin daiteke

but doesn't use a buckle.

belarririk erabili gabe.

Taking it a little further, if you wove

Urrutiago joanda, tira hauek

those strips together -- kind of like a little basket -- you could make

ehundu egiten badira, otar baten moduan, forma mantentzen duen xafla

a shape-retaining sheet, and then you could embed it in a cloth:

bat egin daiteke, eta ehun batean jarri ahal izango zen

so you could make a picnic sheet that wraps around the table,

eta mahaia eztaltzen duen picnic mahai-zapi bat egin daiteke,

so that way on a windy day it wouldn't blow away.

beraz, egun haizetsu batean ez doa dena hegan.

For our next technology, it's hard to observe

Geure hurrengo berrikuntzarako zaila da propietateak

the unexpected property by itself, because it's an ink.

bere kabuz ikustea tinta bat delako.

So, we've prepared a video to show it applied to paper.

Horregatik bideo bat prestatu dugu paperean aplikaturik erakusteko.

KS: As this paper is bending, the resistance of the ink changes.

KS: Papera tolestean tintaren erresistentzia aldatu egiten da.

So with simple electronics, you can detect how much the page is being bent.

Beraz, zirkuitu sinple batekin orria zenbat tolesten ari den jakin daiteke.

Now, to think about the potential for this,

Beno, honen erabilgarritasunean pentsatzeko,

think of all the places ink is supplied: on business cards,

pentsatu tinta daukaten gauza guztietan. Txarteletan,

on the back of cereal boxes, board games. Any place you use ink,

zereal kaxetan, mahai jokoetan. Tintarekin jokatzeko modua alda daiteke

you could change the way you interact with it.

tinta erabiltzen den edozein tokitan.

ZK: So my favorite idea for this is to apply the ink to a book.

ZK: Beraz neure ideiarik gustokoena tinta hau liburu baten aplikatzea da.

This could totally change the way that you interface with paper.

Honek papelarekin dugun erlazionatzeko era guztiz alda dezake.

You see the dark line on the side and the top. As you turn the pages

Marra beltz bat ikus dezakezue alboan eta goian. Liburuaren orriak pasatzean

of the book, the book can actually detect what page you're on,

liburuak jakin dezake zein orritan dago orrien

based on the curvature of the pages.

makurduraren arabera.

In addition, if you were to fold in one of the corners, then you could program

Gainera, tolesdura bat egiten bada eskina batean, liburuak berak mezu elektroniko bat

the book to actually email you the text on the page for your notes.

bidaltzeko programa daiteke orri horretan dagoen testuarekin.

KS: For our last technology, we worked again with Roman and his team

KS: Geure azken berrikuntzarako Roman eta bere Directors Bureau-ko taldearekin

at the Directors Bureau to develop a commercial from the future

lan egin dugu orain erakutsiko dudan etorkizuneko

to explain how it works.

iragarki bat egiteko.

Old Milk Carton: Oh yeah, it smells good.

(Bideoa): Hum! Bai! Usain ona du!

Who are you?

Zer nahi duzu?

New Milk Carton: I'm New Milk.

Esne Berria naiz.

OMC: I used to smell like you.

Nik zuk bezalako usaina nuen.

Narrator: Fresh Watch, from Inventables Dairy Farms.

Esneki Inbentagarri-ren "Freskotasun neurgailua".

Packaging that changes color when your milk's gone off.

Esnea hondatzen denean kolorez aldatzen duten ontziak.

Don't let milk spoil your morning.

Ez utzi esneak zeure goiza hondatzea.

ZK: Now, this technology was developed by these two guys:

ZK: Beno, teknologia hau bi gizon hauek garatu zuten --

Professor Ken Suslick and Neil Rakow, of the University of Illinois.

Illinoiseko Unibertsitateko Ken Suslick eta Neil Rakow irakasleak.

KS: Now the way it works: there's a matrix of color dyes.

KS: Nola funtzionatzen du: koloreko tintedun matrize bat dago.

And these dyes change color in response to odors.

Eta tinte hauek kolorez aldatzen dute usainen arabera.

So the smell of vanilla, that might change the four on the left to brown

Honela, bainilaren usaina, ezkerreko laurak marroira alda dezakeela eta eskuineko

and the one on the right to yellow. This matrix can produce

bat horira, honela matrize honek milaka kolore konbinazio

thousands of different color combinations to represent thousands of different smells.

egin ditzazke milaka usain ezberdinak irudikatzeko.

But like in the milk commercial, if you know what odor you want to detect,

Baina esnearen iragarkian bezala, zein usain aurkitu nahi den badakigu,

then they can formulate a specific dye to detect just that odor.

usain hori aurkitzeko tinte zehatza egin dezakegu.

ZK: Right. It was that that started a conversation with Professor Suslick and myself,

ZK: Hala da. Hori da Suslick irakaslea eta nire artean elkarrizketa sortu zuena.

and he was explaining to me the things that this is making possible,

Berak azaldu zizkidan hau ahalbideratzen duten gauzak.

beyond just detecting spoiled food. It's really where the significance of it lies.

Funtzioa ez da janari txarra aurkitzea bakarrik.

His company actually did a survey of firemen all across the country to try to learn,

Bere enpresak inkesta bat egin zuen suhiltzaileen artean larrialdi eszena baten

how are they currently testing the air when they respond to an emergency scene?

daudenean airea nola analizatzen duten jakiteko.

And he kind of comically explained that

Eta berak ironiaz azaltzen zidan

time after time, what the firemen would say is:

behin eta berriro, suhiltzaileek esaten ziotela

they would rush to the scene of the crime; they would look around;

larrialdiaren tokira joaten zirela. Alboetara begiratzen zuten.

if there were no dead policemen, it was OK to go.

Eta polizia hilik ez bazegoen dena ondo zegoela esan nahi zuen.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

I mean, this is a true story. They're using policemen as canaries.

Hau da, benetako istorioa da. Poliziak kurkuiz moduan erabiltzen zituzten.

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

But more seriously, they determined that you could develop

Baina, benetan, ondorioztatu zuten gizakiak baino hobeto usaindu

a device that can smell better than the humans,

dezakeen dispositibo bat egin ahal zela,

and say if it's safe for the firemen.

eta honela ea suhiltzaileentzako segurua den esan.

In addition, he's spun off a company from the University called ChemSensing,

Gainera, konpainia bat bultzatzen ari da ChemSensing unibertsitatetik

where they're working on medical equipment.

ekipamendu medikoarekin lan egiten dutela.

So, a patient can come in and actually blow into their device.

Honela, gaixo batek aparatu batean putz egiten du.

By detecting the odor of particular bacteria, or viruses,

Bakterioak, birusak edo birika minbiziaren usaina ere

or even lung cancer, the dots will change and they can use

aurkitzean, puntuak aldatu egiten dira eta emaitzak aztertzeko

software to analyze the results.

software bat erabili daiteke.

This can radically improve the way that doctors diagnose patients.

Honek era erradikal batean hobetu dezake medikuak gaixoak diagnostikatzeko era.

Currently, they're using a method of trial and error,

Gaur egun, froga eta hutsegite metodoa erabiltzen dute,

but this could tell you precisely what disease you have.

baina honek zehatz mehatz esango luke zein den gaixotasuna.

KS: So that was the six we had for you today, but I hope you're starting to see

KS: Hauek izan dira gaurko seirak, baina espero dut ikustea

why we find these things so fascinating.

zergatik aurkitzen ditugun hain gauza harrigarriak.

Because every one of these six changed our understanding

Seiretako bakoitzak munduan zer den posiblea usten dugunaren

of what was possible in the world. Prior to seeing this,

ideia aldatu duelako. Hau ikusi aurretik,

we would have assumed: a 10-foot pole couldn't fit in your pocket;

uste genuen 3 metroko makil bat ezin zela poltsiko batean sartu.

something as inexpensive as ink couldn't sense the way paper is being bent;

Tinta bezalako gauza merke bat ezin zuela sentitu horri bat tolestu dela.

every one of these things -- and we're constantly trying to find more.

Gauza hauetako bakoitzak. Eta gehiago bilatzen ari gara gelditu gabe.

ZK: This is something that Keith and I really enjoy doing.

ZK: Keith eta nik gustoko dugun zerbait da.

I'm sure it's obvious to you now, but it was actually yesterday

Ziur nago orain bistakoa dela zuentzat, baina atzo nik

that I was reminded of why. I was having a conversation

gogoratu nuen zergatik. Elkarrizketa bat izan nuen

with Steve Jurvetson, over downstairs by the escalators,

Steve Jurveston-ekin beheko solairuan, eskaileren ondoan,

and he was telling me that when Chris sent out that little box,

eta esaten ari zidan Chris kaxa txiki hori bidali zuenean,

one of the items in it was the hydrophobic sand --

barruan zegoen gauzetako bat harea hidrofobikoa zela--

the sand that doesn't get wet. He said that he was playing with it with his son.

bustitzen ez den harea. Esan zuen berak eta bere semeak harekin jolasten ari zirela.

And you know, his son was mesmerized,

Eta, badakizue! bere semea hipnotizaturik zegoen

because he would dunk it in the water, he would take it out

uretan sartu ahal zuelako eta ateratzerakoan

and it was bone dry. A few weeks later, he said that his son

guztiz lehorra zegoen. Aste batzuk geroako, esan zuen, bere semeak

was playing with a lock of his mother's hair, and he noticed

jolasten ari zen bere amaren ilearekin eta konturatu zen

that there were some drops of water on the hair.

ur tanta batzuk zeudela ilean.

And he took the thing and he looked up to Steve and he said,

Ilea hartu zuen, Steve begiratu zuen eta esan zuen:

"Look, hydrophobic string."

"Ikusi, soka hidrofobikoa."

(Laughter)

(Barreak)

I mean, after hearing that story -- that really summed it up for me.

Esan nahi dut, istorioa entzun ondoren, hori, benetan, dena laburbiltzen duela nire ustez.

Thank you very much.

Eskerrik asko

KS: Thank you.

KS: Eskerrik asko.

(Applause)

(Txaloak)